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Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zatb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 4S1M 76-24,686 SCOLES, Regina Curtis, 1947- TEODOSIJE HILANDARAC: AN INVESTIGATION INTO EARLY SERBIAN LITERATURE. The Ohio State University, Ph.Di, 1976 Literature, Russian and East European Xerox University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan woe (c) Copyright by Regina Curtis Scoles 1976 TEODOSIJE HILANDARAC: An Investigation into Early Serbian Literature DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Regina Curtis Scolos, B.S.L., M.A ******* The Ohio State University 1976 Approved by Reading Committee: Prof. Charles E.^Gribble / ^ A d v i s e r (/ Prof. Jerzy Krzyzanowski lepartment of Slavic LanguagesLanguagesDepartmi Prof. Mateja Matojic and Literature ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere thanks and appreciation to Professor Mateja Matejil for his patience and guidance during the writing of this dissertation. For the time, help, and advice he provided 1 am deeply indebted. Thanks are also extended to Dr. Peter V. Scoles for his patience and constructive criticism, and my parents for the educational opportunities they provided and the encouragement they gave tao. ii VITA March 9, 1947............... Born--Long Branch, New Jersey 6/69........................ B.S.L. from Georgetown University, School of Languages and Linguistics, Washington, D.C. 9/69 - 6/71................. Teacher in Mo d e m Language Department of Red Bank Catholic High School, Red Bank, New Jersey 9/72 - 6/73................. N.D.E.A. Title VI Fellow 6/73........................ M.A., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 2/72 - 6/72................ Teaching Internship, Department 9/73 - 6/74 of Slavic Languages and Literature, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 9/74 - 6/75....... ......... N.D.E.A. Title VI Fellow 9/75 - 6/76 iii FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Russian Literature Studies in Yugoslav Literature. Professor Mateja Matejic Studies in Old Russian Literature, Art, and Culture, Professors Mixail Krupensky, Vladimir Kuskov, Frank R. Silbajoris and Andrija Jakovljevich Studies in Slavic Medieval Civilization. Professor Mateja Matejic Studies in Slavic Paleography. Professor Mateja Matejic' Studies in Soviet Literature. Professors Elena A. Izwolsky, Eliott Mossman, Jerzy Krzyzanowski, and Hongor Oulanoff Studies in Teaching Methodology and a Teaching Internship. College Teaching: Professors W.A. Cullman, Do Layne Hudspeth and C, Daflucas Language: Professors Ronald Smith, George Kalbouss, Killlam Daniels, and Robert Lager Literature: Professors Frank R. Silbajoris, Mateja Matejic and Hongor Oulanoff TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 11 VITA iii INTRODUCTION 1 Chapter I. DEVELOPMENT OP EARLY SOUTH SLAVIC LITERATURE .................................... S The Impact of Christianity Art and Orthodox Christianity Literary Sources Early Serbian Literature Some Conclusions II. THE GENRE 2fflE ................................ 25 4 , Origin and Development of £itie The Canonical Form of Zitie Serbian Zitija: Domerttijan and Teodosije III. TEODOSIJE HILANDARAC .......................... 41 Teodor Span Teodor Span's Inscription His Life Educational Background His Works Some Conclusions IV. TEODOSIJE'S PROSE WORKS: CONTENT AND FORM ....... 66 The Life of St. Sava and the Life of Petar KorUki Content and Form Devices Some Conclusions v V. PALEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF HILANDAR SLAVIC CODEX No. 505 ....,........................... 92 General Description of HSC 50S The Life of Petar KoriSki: Outward Appearance Content Orthography Phonology, Morphology and Syntax VI. CONCLUSIONS....................................... 107 APPENDIX A. MAP OF PLACES CITED IN THE TE X T .................... 112 B. AN EXAMPLE OF ACROSTIC ............. .... 113 C. WATERMARK FROM HSC No. SO S ......................... 115 D. REPRODUCTION OF THE LIFE OF PETAR KORiSk I IN HSC No. S O S ................................... 116 E. ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF THE LIFE OF PETAR KORlSKI . ..................................... 134 BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................... 155 » vi INTRODUCTION Slavic literary activity in tho early centuries after Christianization is often ignored or insufficiently evaluated because pertinent evidence is not apparent or available. This is particularly true of South Slavic literature, which in com­ parison to East Slavic literature^ is loss well known and merits more thorough investigation. One of the early Serbian writers was the Monk Teodosije Hilandarac. This author created original Slavic works; that is, his works were not mere reworkings of Byzantine prototypes. This dissertation undertakes the task of approaching the prose works of Teodosije and by analysis attempting to discern the nature of those innovations which he introduced into Serbian gitie writing in the early fourteenth century. Zitie was a sharply defined and rigidly confined genre; therefore, any changes are significant regardless of how modest they may appear on first examination. Judging from the works of his literary predecessors and those writers who followed him, Teodosije was writing during a transition period in medieval Serbian literature - from imported Byzantine model to native literary form. Since he was the major writer at the time. 1 Teodosije's works arc the principal means available for study of any changes that occurcd during the transition period (the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries). His zitija arc impor­ tant, therefore, both as evidence of changes that had gradually developed in the structure and content as well as the record of one point in the process of that genre's literary evolution. In Teodosije it is possible to discern some of the early innovations in £itie writing which became part of the standard forms for later Serbian biographers. The accessibility of medieval Serbian literature has been limited by a number of factors. The lack of original materials, previously, made familiarity with medieval Serbian literature all but inaccessible to Western scholars, particularly those in the United States. The Hilandar Slavic Codices Collection, located at The Ohio State University, has recently made possible first-hand study of early South Slavic manuscript materials. Study of these materials should eventually produce better understanding of early South Slavic literature. Church history, liturgy, and culture. In the work at hand, Hilandar Slavic Codex No. 505 not only permitted first-hand acquaintance and analysis of the materials for this dissertation, but through translation one work of this specialized area of Serbian literature has been made available to the reader of English. During the discussion of Teodosije Hilandarac and his works it is necessary to keep in mind the nature of literature in this period of Slavic history. Medieval Serbian literature was eschato- logical. Because of the subordination of the aesthetic function of literature to the religious function, innovations were modest and gradual. Innovations had to be of such a nature that the works still comprised the required canonical forms. It is my contention that Teodosije's ability to add his own personal creativity to such literary works while still fulfilling the canonical requirements of the Orthodox Church is an indication of his literary mastery of this genre. For this reason his works merit more intensive study. A few words about the organization of this dissertation, the use of quotes, the use of translated material, and procedural matters are appropriate at this time. Titles of works