Wild of Redwood Regional Park

Common Name Version

A Photographic Guide

Sorted by Form, Color and Family with Habitat Descriptions and Identification Notes

Photographs and text by Wilde Legard District Botanist, East Bay Regional Park District

New Revised and Expanded Edition - Includes the latest scientific names, habitat descriptions and identification notes Decimal Inches

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1 .5 2 .5 3 .5 4 .5 5 .5 6 .5 7 .5 8 .5 9

1/8 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1/2 2 1/2 3 1/2 4 1/2 5 1/2 6 1/2 7 1/2 8 1/2 9 English Inches

Notes:

A Photographic Guide to the Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park

More than 2,000 of native and naturalized plants grow wild in the . Most are very difficult to identify without the help of good illustrations. This is designed to be a simple, color photo guide to help you identify some of these plants. This guide is published electronically in Adobe Acrobat® format so that it can easily be updated as additional photographs become available. You have permission to freely download, distribute and print this guide for individual use. Photographs are © 2014 Wilde Legard, all rights reserved.

In this guide, the included plants are sorted first by form (Ferns & Fern-like, Grasses & Grass-like, Herbaceous, Woody), then by most common flower color, and finally by similar looking flowers (grouped by genus within each family). Each photograph has the following information, separated by '-':

COMMON NAME According to The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of , Second Edition (JM2) and other references (not standardized). (Scientific Name) According to JM2 and eFlora (ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html). Origin & Longevity Native, Naturalized, or Waif (not reproducing without human care). Annual, Biennial, Perennial, or a combination. Family Name Common family name according to JM2, (Bloom date range) Period during the year when the blooms, according to JM2 and other sources. '-' if plant does not bloom (ie. Ferns). Habitat Habitat description according to JM2 and other sources. ID Characteristics Plant description with identification characteristics and other notes, based on multiple sources including: Annotated Checklist of the East Bay Flora, Second Edition (2013), JM2, Plants of the San Francisco Bay Region (Revised Edition), and Weeds of California and Other Western States. Additional notes Occasionally, an additional note may appear (ie. NOXIOUS weed, INVASIVE weed, Fed & Calif. ENDANGERED, etc.).

Revision: 3/2/2014 Fern-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 1

BRACKEN FERN (Pteridium aquilinum var. CALIFORNIA MAIDENHAIR (Adiantum jordanii) COFFEE FERN (Pellaea andromedifolia) Native GOLDENBACK FERN (Pentagramma triangularis pubescens) Native Perennial - Bracken Family - - Native Perennial - Brake Fern Family - - - Shaded Perennial - Brake Fern Family - - - Generally subsp. triangularis) Native Perennial - Brake Fern - Pastures, woodland, meadows, hillsides, partial hillsides, moist woodland - 8-28" long rocky or dry areas - Fronds 6-30" long, stem light Family - - - Gen shaded, sometimes rocky or to full sun - blades widely-triangular, gen with many rounded symmetrical segments, each brown. Leaf segments blunt, 0.24-0.6" long, wooded areas - Leaves triangular, 1.2-4" long, 0.5-5' long, gen 3x divided, hairy underneath. with < 4 irregular lobes. Cultivated. Sudden Oak 0.12-0.4" wide. undersides either granular green or powdery Death carrier. gold. Revision: 3/2/2014 Fern-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 2

WESTERN LADY FERN (Athyrium filix-femina COMMON HORSETAIL (Equisetum arvense) POLYPODY FERN (Polypodium calirhiza) Native COASTAL WOOD FERN (Dryopteris arguta) var. cyclosorum) Native Perennial - Cliff Fern Native Perennial - Horsetail Family - - - Perennial - Polypody Family - - - On plants, rocky Native Perennial - Wood Fern Family - - - Locally Family - - - Woodland, along streams, seepage Streambanks, wet meadows, springs, other wet, cliffs or outcrops, roadcuts, often granitic or common. Open, wooded slopes, caves - Leaf area - Leaves gen 12-39" long, broadest near shaded places - Sterile stems 4-24" tall, 6-14 volcanic, rarely dunes - Leaf blades 4-8" long, 12-24” long,5-12” wide, divided 1-2 times. middle, 1-2 divided, ultimate divisions rounded. sheath teeth. Fertile stems 4-13" tall, 6-10 sheath often widest above base, deeply lobed. Segments generally with spine-tipped teeth. teeth.

WESTERN SWORD FERN (Polystichum BROAD-LEAVED CATTAIL (Typha latifolia) DUNE BENT GRASS (Agrostis pallens) Native SILVER HAIR GRASS (Aira caryophyllea) munitum) Native Perennial - Wood Fern Family - Native Perennial - Cattail Family - (Jun–Jul) - Perennial - Grass Family - (Jun–Aug) - Common. Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - - - Common. Wooded hillsides, shaded slopes, Unpolluted to nutrient-rich freshwater (brackish) Open meadows, woodland, forest, subalpine - Sandy soils, open or disturbed sites - Flower rarely cliffs, outcrops - Fronds gen 20-48" long, marshes - Plant 4.9-9.8' tall. Widest leaves Lower leaf blades <= 0.2" wide, flat to inrolled. cluster > 0.6" wide, diffuse with long slender divided once. Segments usually separate, teeth 0.4-1.1" wide. Flower cluster with no gap Flower cluster 2-8" long, < 0.8" wide; narrow and branches. Spikelets about 0.1" long with 2 point to tips, scaly rachis. between flower types. arching when young. extended awns. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 3

SLENDER WILD OAT (Avena barbata) WILD OAT (Avena fatua) Naturalized Annual - RATTLESNAKE GRASS (Briza maxima) LITTLE QUAKING GRASS (Briza minor) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Mar–Jun) - Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - Disturbed sites - Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - Disturbed sites - Plants gen 24-32". Spikelets Plants 1-5' tall. Spikelets 0.7-1.3" long. Low awn Shaded sites, roadsides, pastures, weedy on Shaded or moist, open sites - Stem 3-20” tall. 0.8-1.2" long. Awns 0.8-1.8" long. Lemma tip 1-1.6" long. Lemma tip bristles < 0.04" long. coastal dunes - Stem 8-35" tall. Spikelets Spikelets 0.1-0.2” long, resemble tiny rattlesnake bristles >= 0.1" long. Seeds EDIBLE whole or Seeds EDIBLE whole or ground for flour. 0.4-0.75" long, resemble rattlesnake rattles. rattles. ground for flour. INVASIVE weed. INVASIVE weed. INVASIVE weed.

CALIFORNIA BROME (Bromus carinatus var. RESCUE GRASS (Bromus catharticus var. RIPGUT GRASS (Bromus diandrus) Naturalized SOFT CHESS (Bromus hordeaceus) Naturalized carinatus) Native Perennial - Grass Family - catharticus) Naturalized Annual-Perennial - Grass Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - Open, gen Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - Fields, (Apr–Aug) - Coastal prairies, openings in Family - (Apr–Nov) - Open, disturbed places - disturbed areas - Plant 6-40" tall. Spikelet 1-2.8" disturbed areas - Plant 4-26” tall. Leaf hairy. chaparral, plains, open oak and pine woodland Plant 8-48” tall. Flower cluster 3-12” long, ~ open. long. Lemma body 0.8-1.2" long, awn > 1.2" long. Flower cluster 1-5” long, dense, some stalks > -Plant 20-40” tall. Flower cluster 6-16” long. Spikelet flattened, 0.6-1.2” long. Lemma 0.4-0.7” Barbed seeds can stick in flesh of animals. spikelet. Spikelet 0.5-0.9”. Lemma 0.26-0.4”, awn Spikelet 0.8-1.6” long. Lemma 0.5-0.8” long, long, awn < 0.2” long. INVASIVE weed. 0.16-0.4”. INVASIVE weed. hairy, awn 0.3-0.6” long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 4

FOXTAIL CHESS (Bromus madritensis subsp. RED BROME (Bromus madritensis subsp. HAIRY PAMPAS GRASS (Cortaderia jubata) SMOOTH PAMPAS GRASS (Cortaderia madritensis) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - rubens) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - (Sep–Feb) selloana) Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - (Apr–Jan) - Disturbed areas, roadsides - Plants (Mar–Jun) - Disturbed areas, roadsides - Plant - Disturbed sites, many habitats, esp coastal - (Sep–Mar) - Disturbed sites - Plant 6-13' tall. Leaf 4-20" tall. Stem and sheathes smooth. Flower 4-20". Flower cluster condensed, branches Plant 6-23' tall. Leaf blades 0.1-0.5" wide, blades 0.1-0.5" wide, sheathes smooth. Cultivar, cluster branches visible, lower spikelets erect, > obscure, < spikelets. Stem & sheathes hairy. sheathes hairy. NOXIOUS weed. rarely escaped. INVASIVE weed. stalk. INVASIVE weed.

BRISTLY DOGTAIL GRASS (Cynosurus ORCHARD GRASS (Dactylis glomerata) CALIFORNIA OAT GRASS (Danthonia ANNUAL HAIR GRASS (Deschampsia echinatus) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - californica) Native Perennial - Grass Family - danthonioides) Native Annual - Grass Family - (May–Jul) - Open, disturbed sites - Tufted. Stem (May–Aug) - Disturbed, often moist sites - Stems (Apr–Aug) - Gen moist meadows, open woodland (Mar–Aug) - Moist to drying, open sites, 4-28” long. Leaf blade 0.1-0.6” wide. Flower 2-5, 12-79”+ tall. Leaf blade 0.12-0.24” wide. - Stem 12-52” tall. Flower cluster 0.8-2.4” long. meadows, streambanks, vernal pools, occ alkali cluster 0.4-1.6” long, 1-sided. Fertile and sterile Flower cluster 1.6-8” long. Spikelets crowded on Spikelets 3-6, 0.5-1” long, awn 0.16-0.5” long. soil - Stem 4.5-24” long. Lemmas 2, ~0.1”, awns spikelets. INVASIVE weed. 1 side. Lemmas short-awned at tip. INVASIVE from below middle 0.1-0.4” & bent. weed. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 5

SLENDER HAIR GRASS (Deschampsia WESTERN WILD-RYE (Elymus glaucus subsp. BIG SQUIRRELTAIL (Elymus multisetus) Native SLENDER WHEAT GRASS (Elymus elongata) Native Perennial - Grass Family - glaucus) Native Perennial - Grass Family - Perennial - Grass Family - (May–Jul) - Open, trachycaulus subsp. trachycaulus) Native (May–Sep) - Wet sites, meadows, lakeshores, (Jun–Aug) - Open areas, chaparral, woodland, sandy to rocky areas - Tufted. Stem 6-24" tall. Perennial - Grass Family - (Jun–Aug) - Dry to shaded slopes - Densely clumped. Stem 4-28” forest - Tufted. Stem 12-55" tall. Leaf 0.2-0.5" Leaf 0.06-0.2" wide. Spikelet 0.4-0.6" long. moist, open areas, forest, woodland - Tufted. long. Glumes =, 0.1-0.2”. Lemmas 2, ~0.1”, awns wide, flat. Spikelets0.3-0.6" long, 2-4 per node. Glume divisions needle-shaped, lemma awn 1-4" Stem 1-5' tall. Spikelet 0.4-0.8" long, 1 per node. from middle 0.04-0.2” & straight. Lemma awn 0.4-1.2" long. long. Lemma awn < 0.3" long.

BEARDLESS WILD RYE (Elymus triticoides) BROME FESCUE (Festuca bromoides) IDAHO FESCUE (Festuca idahoensis) Native HAIRY FESCUE (Festuca microstachys) Native Native Perennial - Grass Family - ( Jun–Jul) - Dry Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (May–Jun) - Perennial - Grass Family - (Jul–Sep) - Dry, open Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - Disturbed, to moist, often saline, meadows - Plant 18-50” Uncommon. Dry, disturbed places, coastal-sage or shady places - Stem 12-40" tall, gen densely open, gen sandy soils - Stem 6-29". Spikelet tall, from rhizomes. Flower cluster 2-8” long. scrub, chaparral - Stem < 20". Inflor 0.6-6" tall, clumped. Leaf sheath at least half open, smooth, 0.2-0.4" long, awn 0.1-0.5" long. Glumes & Spikelets generally 2/node. Lemmas 3-7, 0.2-0.5” dense, lower branches erect. Spikelet 0.2-0.4" persistent. Spikelet 0.3-0.7" long, florets 3-9, awn lemma smooth or hairy. long, awn to 0.12” long. long, awn 0.1-0.3" long. 0.04-0.24" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 6

RYE GRASS (Festuca perennis) Naturalized RED FESCUE (Festuca rubra) Native Perennial - COMMON VELVET GRASS (Holcus lanatus) NORTHERN BARLEY (Hordeum Perennial - Grass Family - (May–Sep) - Dry to Grass Family - (May–Jul) - Sand dunes, Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - (Jun–Aug) brachyantherum subsp. brachyantherum) Native moist disturbed sites, abandoned fields - Stem grassland, subalpine forest - Plant 12-32", hairy, - Moist sites, roadbanks, cult fields, meadows - Perennial - Grass Family - (May–Aug) - 20-40" tall. Spikelet 0.2-0.9" long, > glume, clumped, w/closed sheath. Generally with Plant 8-39" tall, very hairy. Glumes 0.12-0.24", Meadows, pastures, streambanks - Stem 1-3' tall, awned or awnless. Sterile shoots at base. rhizomes. Spikelets 0.4-0.5", florets 3-10, awns < purple; florets 0.12-0.16" w/hooked awn. gen robust. Leaf sheaths gen smooth, blade < INVASIVE weed. 0.16" long. INVASIVE weed. 7.5" long. Lemma awn < 0.25".

CALIFORNIA BARLEY (Hordeum MEDITERRANEAN BARLEY (Hordeum marinum HARE BARLEY (Hordeum murinum subsp. JUNE GRASS (Koeleria macrantha) Native brachyantherum subsp. californicum) Native subsp. gussoneanum) Naturalized Annual - leporinum) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - Perennial - Grass Family - (May–Jul) - Dry, open Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar–Jul) - Meadows, Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - Dry to moist, (Feb–May) - Moist, gen disturbed sites. Common sites, clay to rocky soils, shrubland, woodland, pastures, streambanks - Stem 8-37" tall, gen disturbed sites - Stem 4-20". Leaf blades to 32" - Stem 12-43" tall. Central spikelet stalk ~0.06" conifer forest - Stem 8-32" long. Flower cluster slender. Leaf sheaths gen densly hairy, blade <= long, auricles < 0.08". Central lemma awn long. Central floret << lateral florets. INVASIVE condensed, shiny, branches short-hairy. Spikelet 4.5" long. Lemma awn < 0.3" long. 0.25-0.7" long. INVASIVE weed. weed. ~0.2" long, no awns. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 7

CALIFORNIA MELIC ( californica) Native TORREY'S MELIC (Melica torreyana) Native HARDING GRASS (Phalaris aquatica) ANNUAL BLUE GRASS (Poa annua) Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - (Apr–May) - Open or Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar–Jun) - Chaparral, Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - (Apr–Aug) Annual - Grass Family - (Feb–Sep) - Abundant. rocky hillsides, oak woodland, conifer forest - conifer forest - Stem 12-40" tall. Leaf blade - Disturbed areas, roadsides - Plant 16-79" tall, Disturbed moist ground - Plant 1-8” tall. Leaf Stem 16-55". Leaf 0.06-0.2" wide. Spiklet 0.2-0.6" 0.04-0.1" wide. Spikelet 0.14-0.28" long w/1-2 tufted. Flower cluster 0.6-6" long, unbranched. blade 0.04-0.12” wide, soft. Flower cluster 0.4-4” long, w/3-7 fertile florets; sterile tip widest above florets; sterile tip widest above middle to 0.06", Lower florets 1 or or unequal. Glume wing long, triangular. Lemmas 0.1-0.16” long. middle, tip squared. short-hairy lemmas. untoothed. INVASIVE weed.

ONE-SIDED BLUE GRASS (Poa secunda subsp. DITCH BEARD GRASS (Polypogon interruptus) RABBITFOOT GRASS (Polypogon NODDING NEEDLE GRASS (Stipa cernua) secunda) Native Perennial - Grass Family - Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - monspeliensis) Naturalized Annual - Grass Native Perennial - Grass Family - (Feb–Jul) - (Mar–Aug) - Common. Dry slopes to (May–Aug) - Common. Streambanks - Stem Family - (Apr–Aug) - Moist places, along streams Grassland, chaparral, juniper woodland - Stem saline/alkaline meadows to alpine - Plant 6-40” 20-35" tall, clumped. Leaf 0.2-7.7" long, - Stem 8-39". Leaf 0.4-8" long, 0.16-0.24" wide. 12-39". Glumes: lower 0.47-0.87" long, upper tall, densely tufted. Flower clusters congested. 0.12-0.24" wide. Flower cluster 0.6-7" long. Flower cluster 0.4-6.7" long, plume-like. Glume ~0.14" shorter. Awns 2-4" long, wavy last Spikelets gen 0.3-0.4” long. Lemmas 0.16-0.2” Glume < 0.1" long, awn < 0.12" long. awn > 0.14". Lemma awn gen < 0.1". INVASIVE. segment. long, backs rounded. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 8

FOOTHILL NEEDLE GRASS (Stipa lepida) PURPLE NEEDLE GRASS (Stipa pulchra) Native BALTIC RUSH (Juncus balticus subsp. ater) TOAD RUSH (Juncus bufonius var. bufonius) Native Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar–Jun) - Dry Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar–Jun) - Oak Native Perennial - Rush Family - (Jul–Nov) - Native Annual - Rush Family - (May–Sep) - Damp slopes, chaparral, grassland, savanna, coastal woodland, chaparral, grassland - Stem 14-39" Moist to ± dry sites - Stem 14-43" tall, round, not sunny ground, gen disturbed - Stem gen 1-4" tall, scrub - Stem 14-39" tall. Leaf blade 4.7-9.1" long, long. Leaf blade 4-8" long. Glumes 0.5-0.8" long, twisted. No leaf blade. Flowers generally 0.1-0.2" gen brached from base, ~0.04" wide. Flower narrow. Glumes 0.2-0.6" long. Awn 0.8-2" long. ~equal. Awn 1.6-4" long, last segment straight. long. cluster open. Flowers 0.16-0.3" long.

WESTERN RUSH (Juncus occidentalis) Native SPREADING RUSH (Juncus patens) Native IRIS-LEAVED RUSH (Juncus xiphioides) Native SANTA BARBARA SEDGE (Carex barbarae) - Perennial - Rush Family - (May–Sep) - Moist gen Perennial - Rush Family - (Jun–Oct) - Marshy Perennial - Rush Family - (Jul–Oct) - Wet places Native Perennial - Sedge Family - (May–Aug) - sunny areas - Plant 1-2' tall, tufted, stiff. Flower places, creeks, seeps - Plant 12-41" tall, densely - Plant 16-32" tall. Leaf blades 0.2-0.5" wide, flat, Seasonally wet places - Stem 6-36” tall, base cluster gen tightly clustered. Leaves basal, < 1/2 tufted. Stems blue-gray-green & distinctly Iris-like. Heads many, few-flowered. Anthers 6, < brown to purple. Lowest flower cluster “leaves” < stem length, 'petals' > 0.16". grooved when fresh. 6. filaments, flowers self-pollinating. 4” long. Spikelets brown, 1-3” long, 0.2-0.3” wide. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 9

FOOTHILL SEDGE (Carex tumulicola) Native TALL NUTSEDGE (Cyperus eragrostis) Native GRAND HOUND'S TONGUE (Cynoglossum BROADLEAVED FORGET-ME-NOT (Myosotis Perennial - Sedge Family - (Apr–Jul) - Meadows, Perennial - Sedge Family - (May–Nov) - Vernal grande) Native Perennial - Borage Family - latifolia) Naturalized Perennial - Borage Family - open woodland - Loosely tufted. Leaf blade pools, streambanks - Leaves basal. Flower (Feb–May) - Chaparral, woodland - Stem 1-3'. (Feb–Jul) - Moist, disturbed, shady places - Stem 0.04-0.1” wide. Flower cluster open, 1-2” long, cluster bracts 4-8. Spikelets 0.2-0.8" long, Leaf stalk 3-6". Leaf blade 3-6" cm long, broadly < 28" long, base woody. Leaves to 0.8" wide. 0.25-0.35” wide. light brown to green, ~0.1” oblong, in heads to 1.6" wide. Seeds oval. Flowers bright blue w/inner white teeth. Flowers light blue, 0.2-0.4" wide. INVASIVE long. short-stalked. weed.

CALIFORNIA PHACELIA (Phacelia californica) BLUE DICKS (Dichelostemma capitatum subsp. FORK-TOOTHED OOKOW (Dichelostemma ITHURIEL'S SPEAR ( laxa) Native Native Perennial - Borage Family - (Mar–Sep) - capitatum) Native Perennial - Brodiaea Family - congestum) Native Perennial - Brodiaea Family - Perennial - Brodiaea Family - (Apr–Jun) - Bluffs, open slopes, road cuts, chaparral, (Mar–Jun) - Open woodland, scrub, desert, (Apr–Jun) - Open woodland, grassland - Plant Common. Open forest, conifer or foothill woodland - Plant tufted, stiff-hairy. Leaves gen grassland - Plant 2-28" tall. Flowers blue-purple, 12-35" tall. Flowers blue-purple, narrowed above woodland, grassland on clay soil - Flower stem pinnate w/big terminal leaflet. Flowers 0.16-0.28" not narrowed in the middle. Stamens 6. Early ovary. Stamens 3. Late spring bloomer. 4-28". Leaves 8-16", 0.16-1" wide. Flowers blue, long, lavender. spring bloomer. blue-purple or white, 0.7-1.9" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 10

MEDITERRANEAN LINSEED (Bellardia trixago) COMMON OWL'S-CLOVER (Castilleja densiflora DWARF OWL'S CLOVER (Triphysaria pusilla) TIBURON BUCKWHEAT (Eriogonum luteolum Naturalized Annual - Broom-rape Family - subsp. densiflora) Native Annual - Broom-rape Native Annual - Broom-rape Family - (Apr–Jun) - var. caninum) Native Annual - Buckwheat Family (Apr–Jun) - Disturbed grassland. - Plant Family - (Mar–May) - Grassland - Plant 4-16" tall. Grassland - Plant 2-8" tall, yellow-brown or - (May–Oct) - Serpentine - Plant 2-12" tall. Leaf sticky-hairy. Stem 6-32" tall. Leaves Leaves 0.8-3.1" long, narrow-lobed. Flower purple, hairy. Leaves 0.2-1.2" long, 3-9-lobed. blades wide. Flowers <= 0.1" long, reddish, lance-shaped, toothed. Flowers 0.8-1" long, cluster gen rose-purple. Flower upper lip straight. Flowers purple (yellow), 0.16-0.28" long, in leaf mostly terminal. CNPS: FAIRLY ENDANGERED. 2-lipped: upper lip pink, lower lip white. axils. INVASIVE.

GIANT (Trillium chloropetalum) Native COAST LARKSPUR (Delphinium decorum PURPLE SANICLE (Sanicula bipinnatifida) NARROW-LEAF MILKWEED (Asclepias Perennial - Bunchflower Family - (Apr–May) - subsp. decorum) Native Perennial - Buttercup Native Perennial - Carrot Family - (Mar–May) - fascicularis) Native Perennial - Dogbane Family - Edges of redwood forest, chaparral, gen moist Family - (Mar–May) - Open coastal grassland, Open grassland, gen on serpentine, or pine/oak (May–Oct) - Dry ground, valleys, foothills - Plant slopes, canyon banks in alluvial soils - Flowers chaparral - Stems 3-14" tall. Leaves short-hairy woodland - Plant 5-24" tall. Leaves 1.6-7.5" long, gen hairless. Stem leaves narrow, 3-5 in whorls. dark purple to white, sessile. Petals 2.6-4" long, under, with few-toothed lobes. Flowers few, dark 1-2x divided on a winged central axis. Flowers Flowers green-white to purple-tinged, ~0.25" odor rose-like or spicy. blue-purple. dark purple. prickly. long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 11

GREATER PERIWINKLE (Vinca major) PRESIDIO CLARKIA (Clarkia franciscana) Native FOUR-SPOT (Clarkia purpurea subsp. RUBY CHALICE CLARKIA (Clarkia rubicunda) Naturalized Perennial - Dogbane Family - Annual - Evening Primrose Family - (May–Jun) - quadrivulnera) Native Annual - Evening Primrose Native Annual - Evening Primrose Family - (Mar–Jun(Jan)) - Coastal bluffs, sheltered places, Serpentine soil - Plant < 16". Buds erect. Petals Family - (Apr–Aug) - Common. Open, grassy or (May–Aug) - Openings in woodland, forest, esp along stream beds - Plant sprawling. Leaf 0.2-0.5", pink w/red base. Stigma = anthers. shrubby places - Buds erect. Petals < 0.6", chaparral near coast - Stem < 5' long. Buds erect. blade ~ 2.8" long, oval. Flower purple-blue, 1.2-2" Ovary 4-grooved. Sepals united. Fed & Calif: lavender to dark red. Ovary 8-grooved. Sepals Petals 0.4-1.2", rose w/red base. Sepals united. wide at top. INVASIVE weed. ENDANGERED. 1's or 2's. Stigma > anthers.

PANICLED / WEEDY WILLOWHERB (Epilobium COMMON WILLOWHERB (Epilobium ciliatum CHAPARRAL WILLOWHERB (Epilobium MONTEREY CENTAURY (Zeltnera brachycarpum) Native Annual - Evening Primrose subsp. ciliatum) Native Perennial - Evening minutum) Native Annual - Evening Primrose muehlenbergii) Native Annual-Biennial - Gentian Family - (Jun–Sep) - Common. Dry open or Primrose Family - (Jun–Oct) - Common. Family - (Apr–Sep) - Dry, open, disturbed areas, Family - (Jun–Aug) - Moist coastal bluffs, forest disturbed woodland, grassland, roadsides - Plant Disturbed places, moist meadows, streambanks, vernal pools, often after fire - Plant < 16" tall. openings - Plant 1.2-12" tall. Leaf 0.6-1" long. 8-79" tall, diffuse. Petals 2-15 mm long, white to roadsides - Plant 20-48" tall, smooth or Flower cluster open. Petals 0.1-0.2" long, white Flowers pink, 0.5-0.75" mm long, lobes rose-purple. short-hairy. Petals 2-6 mm, white to pink. or pink. Leaves flat, not clustered. 0.08-0.28" long; flower stalk < 0.0" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 12

LONG-BEAKED FILAREE (Erodium botrys) REDSTEM FILAREE (Erodium cicutarium) GREENSTEM FILAREE (Erodium moschatum) CUT-LEAVED GERANIUM (Geranium Naturalized Annual - Geranium Family - Naturalized Annual - Geranium Family - Naturalized Annual - Geranium Family - dissectum) Naturalized Annual - Geranium (Mar–Jul) - Dry, open or disturbed sites - Stem (Feb–Sep) - Open, disturbed sites, grassland, (Feb–Sep) - Open, disturbed sites - Stem 4-24", Family - (Mar–Jul) - Open, disturbed sites - Stem 4-35" tall, coarse-hairy. Leaves lobed. Petals scrub - Stem 4-20". Leaves compound, leaflets short-hairy. Leaves compound, leaflets toothed. 3-28" tall, rough-hairy. Leaf blades deeply pink, 0.3-0.5" long. Sepals w/reddish tip. Fruit dissected. Sepal tip bristly. Petal pink to purple. Sepal tip glabrous. Petals 0.4-0.6" long, pink. divided. Petals violet-red, 0.1-0.25" long beak 2-4.7" long. Fruit beak 0.8-2". INVASIVE. Fruit beak 0.8-1.6" long. w/notched tips. Flower stalk sticky. INVASIVE.

HAIRY DOVE'S FOOT GERANIUM (Geranium HERB ROBERT (Geranium robertianum) DOUGLAS IRIS (Iris douglasiana) Native WESTERN BLUE-EYED-GRASS (Sisyrinchium molle) Naturalized Annual - Geranium Family - Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Geranium Family - Perennial - Iris Family - (May–Jul) - Common. bellum) Native Perennial - Iris Family - (Feb–Aug) - Open to shaded sites, disturbed (Apr–Sep) - Open to shaded sites - Stem 4-20" Grassy places, esp near coast - Stem 6-20" tall. (Mar–May) - Common. Open, gen moist, grassy ground - Stem 4-17" tall. Petals red-purple, long. Leaflets in 3s, deeply lobed. Petals pink to Leaves 0.4-0.9" wide. Perianth tube 0.04-0.12" areas, woodland - Stem < 25" tall. Leaves 0.1-0.4" long, notched. Sepals awnless. Fruit red-purple, 0.4-0.55" long. long, petals 0.6-1.2" wide, stigmas triangular. iris-like. Petals 6, blue-purple with dark veins, smooth, wrinkled. NOXIOUS weed. 0.4-0.7" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 13

GRASS-POLY (Lythrum hyssopifolia) Naturalized FIELD MADDER (Sherardia arvensis) GERANIUM-LEAVED CHECKERBLOOM RED MAIDS (Calandrinia ciliata) Native Annual - Annual-Perennial - Loosestrife Family - (Apr–Oct) Naturalized Annual - Madder Family - (Mar–Jul) - (Sidalcea malviflora subsp. laciniata) Native Miner's Lettuce Family - (Feb–May) - Common. - Marshes, drying pond margins, disturbed Pastures, disturbed areas, grassland, dry Perennial - Mallow Family - (Mar–Jun) - Sandy to loamy soil, grassy areas, cult fields - ground - Stem 4-24". Leaves 0.2-1.2" long, ~ meadows, oak woodland - Stem 2.8-6.3" long. Grassland, open woodland - Plant 6-39" tall. Petals 0.2-0.6" long, bright pink to red, elliptical. Petals pink, 0.1-0.2" long. 2 awl-like Leaves in whorls of 5-6, 0.2-0.5" long. Flowers Middle leaves linear-lobed. Petals 0.4-0.8" long, round-tipped. Fruit < 0.1" longer than bracts. appendages. INVASIVE weed. pink or lavender, the 4 lobes < tube. pink-lavender, gen white veined.

COYOTE-MINT (Monardella villosa subsp. THYMELEAF BEARDSTYLE (Pogogyne MONEY PLANT (Lunaria annua) Naturalized RADISH (Raphanus sativus) Naturalized Annual - villosa) Native Perennial - Mint Family - serpylloides) Native Annual - Mint Family - Annual - Mustard Family - (Apr–Jun) - Disturbed Mustard Family - (May–Jul) - Disturbed areas, (May–Aug) - Dry rocky slopes, oak woods, (Mar–Jun) - Grassy, brushy areas - Plant areas - Stem 16-39" tall. Leaves heart-shaped. fields - Stem 16-51" long. Petals 0.6-1" long, chaparral - Plant < 20" tall. Leaves ovate, inconspicuous. Stem 1-8" long, low-growing. Petals 0.7-1" long, purple to lavender (white). white to purple. Fruit a fat cylinder w/constrictions 0.4-0.9" mm long. Flower head 0.4-1.2" wide. Flowers 0.1-0.2" long, lavender, in dense Fruits oblong-round, 1.2-2" long. Escaped between seeds. INVASIVE weed. Flowers pink to purple. clusters. cultivar. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 14

STARFLOWER (Trientalis latifolia) Native SICKLE LEAF ONION (Allium falcifolium) Native SPANISH CLOVER (Acmispon americanus var. SMALL-FLOWER LOTUS (Acmispon parviflorus) Perennial - Myrsine Family - (Apr–Jul) - Shaded Perennial - Onion or Garlic Family - (Apr–Jun) - americanus) Native Annual - Pea Family - Native Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–May) - places, esp woodland - Stem 2-12". Leaves Common. Heavy clays including serpentine - (May–Oct) - Coast, chaparral, waterways, Abundant. Coastal bluffs to oak/pine or fir 1-3.5" long, 0.4-2" wide, egg-shaped; stem Leaves 2, flat, curved. Stem flat, winged. Flowers roadsides, disturbed areas - Plant 2-24", hairy. woodland, open or disturbed areas - Flowers leaves in 1 whorl near stem tip. Flower gen pink rose-purple or dingy white, 10-30, 0.4-0.6" long. Flowers white to pink, solitary, bract lobes >> pinkish, solitary, 0.2" long, on stalk with bracts. to rose, 0.3-0.6" wide. flower tube. Not hairy.

PACIFIC PEA (Lathyrus vestitus var. vestitus) MINIATURE LUPINE (Lupinus bicolor) Native SUMMER LUPINE (Lupinus formosus var. CHICK LUPINE (Lupinus microcarpus var. Native Perennial - Pea Family - (Feb–Jul) - North: Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. formosus) Native Perennial - Pea Family - microcarpus) Native Annual - Pea Family - Conifer forest. South: chaparral & oak woodland - Open or disturbed areas - Plant 4-16", hairy. (Apr–Sep) - Dry clay soils, grassland, open areas (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. Open or disturbed areas, Stem wings to 0.02" wide. Leaves gen elliptic. Flower 0.16-0.4" long, banner longer than wide, under pines, gen in valleys - Plant 8-32", low occ seeded on roadbanks - Plant 4-32", hairy. Flowers 0.5-0.7" long, pale lavender to purple. upper keel ciliate near tip, < 0.12". Fruit growing. Leaves hairy. Flowers purple, hairless, Leaves smooth above. Flowers gen pink to 0.12-0.24" wide. summer/fall blooming. purple. Flower bracts shaggy. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 15

SKY LUPINE (Lupinus nanus) Native Annual - ARROYO LUPINE (Lupinus succulentus) Native DECEIVING CLOVER (Trifolium bifidum var. FOOTHILL CLOVER (Trifolium ciliolatum) Native Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. Open or Annual - Pea Family - (Feb–May) - Abundant. decipiens) Native Annual - Pea Family - Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Locally disturbed areas - Plant 4-24" tall, hairy. Flowers Open or disturbed areas, often seeded on (Apr–Jun) - Open, grassy areas, forest - Leaflet common. Grassland, chaparral, disturbed areas - blue to pink to white, 0.2-0.6" long; banner as roadbanks - Plant 8-40" tall, fleshy, sparsely tip square/notched. Flower small, yellow to Flower head 0.3-0.8" wide w/vestigial bract. wide as long. Flower stalk gen > 0.12" long. hairy. Flowers 0.5-0.7" long, whorled, gen pink-purple, soon reflex. Flower stalk top sparsely Flowers pink to purple, soon reflexed, bracts blue-purple, petal claws short-hairy. hairy. w/short, flat bristles.

PINPOINT CLOVER (Trifolium gracilentum) ROSE CLOVER (Trifolium hirtum) Naturalized TOMCAT CLOVER (Trifolium willdenovii) Native NARROW-LEAVED VETCH (Vicia sativa subsp. Native Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Open, Annual - Pea Family - (Apr–May) - Disturbed Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. nigra) Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - disturbed places, occas serpentine - Leaflet tips areas, roadsides - Head with 1-2 bract-like leaves Disturbed, gen spring-moist, heavy soils, occas (Mar–Jun) - Roadsides, disturbed areas, not deep-notched. Reflexed pink-purple flowers immed below. Flowers pink, 0.4-0.6" long, serpentine - Head bract wheel-shaped, grassland, open areas in oak and riparian w/point. Flower bracts completely smooth. densely-bristly in fruit. INVASIVE weed. sharp-lobed. Leaf narrow. Flowers purple w/white woodlands - Flowers 1-2 at leaf bases, tip, 0.3-0.6" long. pink-purple to white, 0.4-0.7" long. Leaflets 0.2-0.3" wide. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 16

SPRING VETCH (Vicia sativa subsp. sativa) SPARSELY HAIRY VETCH (Vicia villosa subsp. CALIFORNIA GILIA (Gilia achilleifolia subsp. MANY-STEM CALIFORNIA GILIA (Gilia Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - varia) Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Pea Family - achilleifolia) Native Annual - Phlox Family - achilleifolia subsp. multicaulis) Native Annual - Roadsides, disturbed areas, grassland, open (Mar–Jun) - Grassland, roadside, disturbed areas (Mar–Jun) - Open or shaded, gen grassy places, Phlox Family - (Feb–Jun) - Open or shaded, gen areas in oak and riparian woodlands - Flowers - Stems w/few hairs. Flowers 10-20, blue-purple sandy or rocky soil - Leaves linear-lobed. Flowers grassy places, sandy or rocky soil - Leaves 1-2 at leaf bases, pink-purple to white, 0.7-1.2" to white, 0.4-0.55" long. Lower bract lobes lavender, 0.4-0.8" long, throat > tube, 8-25 in linear-lobed. Flowers white to lavender, 0.2-0.4" long. Leaflets 0.16-0.4" wide. 0.04-0.1" long. hemispheric head. long, not in heads.

PINKLOBE LEPTOSIPHON (Leptosiphon SLENDER ANNUAL PHLOX (Microsteris gracilis) SKUNKWEED (Navarretia squarrosa) Native RED SAND-SPURRY (Spergularia rubra) androsaceus) Native Annual - Phlox Family - Native Annual - Phlox Family - (Mar–Aug) - Dry to Annual - Phlox Family - (Jun–Aug) - Common. Naturalized Annual-Perennial - Pink Family - (Apr–Jun) - Open or shaded areas in woodland, moist areas - Plant < 8" tall, glandualr-hairy. Open, wet, gravelly flats, slopes - Plant 4-24" tall, (Spring–fall) - Forest, meadows, mud flats, chaparral - Plant 2-18", hairy. Flowers pink, Leaves 0.4-1.2" long. Flowers 0.3-0.5" long, sticky, with skunk-like odor. Flowers 0.35-0.47" disturbed - Plant 1.6-10". Leaf non-fleshy, whorls bracted group, tube 0.4-1.3" long, lobes gen > tubes yellow, lobes bright pink to white. long, dark blue; petal lobes 0.08" long. w/large white bracts. Petals pink. Stamens 6-10. 0.3" long. Sepals < 0.16". Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 17

PACIFIC BLEEDING HEART (Dicentra formosa) MOSQUITOBILLS SHOOTING STAR CALIFORNIA ACAENA (Acaena pinnatifida var. ITALIAN THISTLE (Carduus pycnocephalus Native Perennial - Poppy Family - (Mar–Jul) - (Dodecatheon hendersonii) Native Perennial - californica) Native Perennial - Rose Family - subsp. pycnocephalus) Naturalized Annual - Damp, shaded areas - Plant 8-18" tall. Leaves Primrose Family - (Mar–Jul) - Gen in shady sites (Mar–May) - Coastal grassland, open, rocky Sunflower Family - (Mar–Jul) - Roadsides, dissected, 8-20" long. Flowers heart-shaped, - Leaf blade length generally <2x width. Flower slopes - Stem 4-24" long. Flowers with no petals pastures, disturbed areas - Stems 8-79", narrow rose-pink, nodding, 2-30 per cluster, 0.5-1.2" parts 4s or 5s. Filament tube solid black. and purple-black stamens. Leaves finely divided. spiny-wings. Lower leaves 4-10 lobed, heads 2-5, long. flower bracts woolly. NOXIOUS.

BULL THISTLE (Cirsium vulgare) Naturalized ARTICHOKE THISTLE (Cynara cardunculus MILK THISTLE (Silybum marianum) Naturalized TWIGGY WREATH PLANT (Stephanomeria Biennial - Sunflower Family - (May–Oct) - subsp. flavescens) Naturalized Perennial - Annual-Biennial - Sunflower Family - (Feb–Jun) - virgata subsp. pleurocarpa) Native Annual - Common. Disturbed areas - Plant 12-79" tall. Top Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jul) - Disturbed places - Roadsides, pastures, disturbed areas - Stem Sunflower Family - (Jun–Nov) - Chaparral of leaves bristly; leaf base forming decurrent Plant 1.6-8' tall. Artichoke head 1.6-6" diam, 1-10', stout. Leaves spiny, shiny green w/white openings, grassland - Plant 20-79". Stem leaves wings on stem. Flowers purple, gen 1-2" wide. spine-tipped. Flowers blue or purple, 1.2-2" long. veins and spots. Flowers red-purple. INVASIVE oblong, bract-like. Flower bracts not spreading. NOXIOUS weed. NOXIOUS weed. weed. Flowers 5-6, white to dark pink. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 18

COMMON CALIFORNIA WILD ASTER PURPLE SALSIFY (Tragopogon porrifolius) FULLER'S TEASEL (Dipsacus sativus) RED VALERIAN (Centranthus ruber) Naturalized (Symphyotrichum chilense) Native Perennial - Naturalized Biennial-Perennial - Sunflower Family Naturalized Biennial - Teasel Family - (May–Jul) - Perennial - Valerian Family - (Apr–Jul) - Sunflower Family - (Jun–Oct) - Grassland, salt - (Mar–Nov) - Common. Disturbed places - Plant Disturbed areas, fields, vacant lots, pastures - Disturbed places, rock or wall crevices, roadsides marshes, disturbed places - Plant 16-39", partly 16-39" tall, milky sap. Leaves 0.8-1.6" long, very Plant gen < 6' tall. Leaf pairs fused around stem. - Stem 1-3' long, hollow, gen woody base. hairy. Leaf 1.6-6", 0.2-1.2" wide. Rays violet, narrow, waxy blue. Flowers purple. Flower cluster lavender, 5-10 cm long, bracts Leaves 2-3" long. Flowers purple-red or white, 0.3-0.5" long. spreading. INVASIVE weed. 0.5-0.7" long. Cultivar.

ROBUST VERVAIN (Verbena lasiostachys var. LOW AMARANTH (Amaranthus deflexus) GREEN DOCK (Rumex conglomeratus) CURLY DOCK (Rumex crispus) Naturalized scabrida) Native Perennial - Vervain Family - Naturalized Annual - Amaranth Family - Naturalized Perennial - Buckwheat Family - Perennial - Buckwheat Family - (All year) - (May–Sep) - Open, dry to wet places - Plant (May–Nov) - Railroad right-of-ways, disturbed (May–Aug) - Common. Moist places - Stem Abundant. Disturbed places - Stem 16-39" tall. 14-32" tall. Leaves green, narrow, 3-lobed, areas - Stems low, 4-20", mostly lying on ground. 12-32" tall, unbranched below. Flower cluster Flower cluster dense, valves 0.2-0.24", winged stiff-haired above. Flowers blue to purple on long Dense flower clusters at stem sides and ends, open. Fruit valves ~0.1" long, scarcely winged around tubercles, smooth edged. 1 tubercle stalk. 1-3" long, green or brown. around the 3 tubercles, smooth edged. enlarged. INVASIVE. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 19

FIDDLE DOCK (Rumex pulcher) Naturalized WOOLLY FRUITED DESERTPARSLEY CANARY ISLANDS IVY (Hedera canariensis) CHECKER LILY (Fritillaria affinis) Native Perennial - Buckwheat Family - (May–Sep) - (Lomatium dasycarpum subsp. dasycarpum) Naturalized Perennial - Ginseng Family - Perennial - Lily Family - (Mar–Jun) - Common. Disturbed places, meadows, moist or dry habitats Native Perennial - Carrot Family - (Mar–Jun) - (Aug-Nov) - Woodland, chaparral, disturbed Oak or pine scrub, grassland - Stem 4-47" tall. - Stem 8-24" long, branches widely spreading. Rocky (gen serpentine), chaparral, woodland - areas - Woody vine. Leaves gen 3-pointed, > Leaves 1.6-6.3" long, whorled below. Petals Leaf blades 1.6-4" long, 1.2-2" wide. Valves Plant 4-20", short-hairy. Flowers greenish-white, English Ivy. Flowers white to green. Fruit black, mottled brown-purple and yellow-green, 0.4-1.6" w/2-5 teeth. petals and fruit hairy. ~0.2" wide. INVASIVE weed. long.

PHLOX-LEAF SERPENTINE BEDSTRAW HOARY NETTLE (Urtica dioica subsp. DWARF NETTLE (Urtica urens) Naturalized LADY'S MANTLE (Aphanes occidentalis) Native (Galium andrewsii subsp. gatense) Native holosericea) Native Perennial - Nettle Family - Annual - Nettle Family - (Jan–Jun) - Disturbed Annual - Rose Family - (Mar–May) - Seasonally Perennial - Madder Family - (Apr–Jun) - Dry, (Jun–Sep) - Meadows, seeps, springs, margins of areas, stream banks, shaded areas in grassland, moist grassland, chaparral, woodland - Plant rocky places in serpentine soil, chaparral or open marshes, streams, lakes, moist areas in oak woodland, chaparral, coastal-sage scrub, inconspicuous, soft hairy, < 4" tall. Leaves oak/pine woodland - Plant open. Stem 2-9". Leaf chaparral, coastal scrub - Plant 3.3-9.8' tall, riparian woodland - Leaf teeth sharp. Petals 2 0.1-0.5" long, deeply lobed. Flowers gen flat, > internode. Phlox-like. grayish, covered with stinging hairs. large, 2 small, free to base. yellow-green, < 0.1" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 20

PETTY SPURGE (Euphorbia peplus) Naturalized PYGMY WEED (Crassula connata) Native MUGWORT (Artemisia douglasiana) Native DAGGERLEAF COTTONROSE (Logfia gallica) Annual - Spurge Family - (Feb–Aug) - Common. Annual - Stonecrop Family - (Feb–May) - Open Perennial - Sunflower Family - (May–Nov) - Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - Disturbed areas - Stem 4-18" cm tall, smooth. areas - Plants 0.8-2.4"+ tall, red in age. Flowers < Common. Open to shady areas, often in (Mar–Jul) - Bare or grassy openings, burns - Leaves 0.4-1.4" long, entire. Gland 0.1" long, 2 per node; Sepals 4, pointed end. drainages - Plant 20-60" tall. Leaves gen 0.4-4" Plant 1-20" tall, gen cobwebby. Leaves crescent-shaped. Seeds dotted. Fruit 2-keeled on Petals generally < sepals. long, densely hairy below, some 3-5 lobed. awl-shaped, stiff, > flower heads. Flowers brown angles. Flower bracts hairy. to yellow.

SLENDER WOOLLY-MARBLES (Psilocarphus COMMON FIDDLENECK (Amsinckia intermedia) COMMON INDIAN PAINTBRUSH (Castilleja WOOLLY PAINTBRUSH (Castilleja foliolosa) tenellus) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - Native Annual - Borage Family - (Mar–Jun) - affinis subsp. affinis) Native Perennial - Native Perennial - Broom-rape Family - (Mar–Jul) - Common. Dry, seasonally moist Abundant. Open, generally disturbed places - Broom-rape Family - (Mar–Jun) - Chaparral, (Mar–Jun) - Dry, open, rocky slopes, edges of slopes, flats, burns, trails, rarely vernal pools - Plant 0.5-3' tall. Flowers orange with 5 red spots, coastal scrub - Plants 6-24" tall, gen bristly, chaparral - Plant 1-2' tall, base slightly woody, Plant hairy. Leaves spoon-shaped. Disk flowers 0.3-0.4" long, 0.2-0.4" wide, tube straight. non-sticky. Leaves 1-3", lance-shaped, 0-5 lobes. much branched, woolly. Flower cluster 4-lobed. Flower cluster open, red to orange-red. orange-red (occas. yellow-green). Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Red/Orange Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 21

WARRIOR'S PLUME (Pedicularis densiflora) SHEEP SORREL (Rumex acetosella) Naturalized CRIMSON COLUMBINE (Aquilegia formosa) CALIFORNIA FUCHSIA (Epilobium canum Native Perennial - Broom-rape Family - Perennial - Buckwheat Family - (Apr–Jul) - ± Native Perennial - Buttercup Family - (Apr–Sep) - subsp. canum) Native Perennial - Evening (Mar–May) - Dry chaparral, oak/pine forest - Disturbed, often acidic places - Stem < 16". Leaf Streambanks, seeps, moist places, chaparral, Primrose Family - (Jun–Dec) - Dry slopes, ridges Hairy. Stem 2.4-22". Basal leaves 5-28 cm long, gen basal, blade 0.8-2.4" long, lower oak woodland, mixed-evergreen or conifer forests - Plant hairy, gen sticky with a woody base. Leaf 13-41 segments. Flowers deep-red to red-purple, arrowhead-shaped w/2 lobes. Flowers yellowish, - Flowers about 2" long, yellow with red sepals & 0.3-2.8" long, gray to green. Flowers red-orange, 0.9-1.4" long, lower lip 1/8th upper. turn reddish. INVASIVE. spurs. floral tube 0.8-1.2" long.

SCARLET PIMPERNEL (Anagallis arvensis) FLATPOD PEAVINE (Lathyrus cicera) CRIMSON CLOVER (Trifolium incarnatum) CALIFORNIA PINK (Silene laciniata subsp. Naturalized Annual - Myrsine Family - (Mar–May) Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - (Apr–Jun) - Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - (May–Aug) - californica) Native Perennial - Pink Family - - Common. Disturbed places, ocean beaches - Uncommon. Disturbed areas - Stem narrowly Uncommon. Disturbed areas - Hairy. Leaflets (Spring–summer) - Chaparral, oak woodland, Plants 2-16" tall. Flowers 0.2-0.3" long, salmon or winged. Leaflets 2, 1.2-2.4" long, very narrow. 0.6-0.8" long, wedge-shaped. Flower cluster conifer forest, serpentine or not - Plant 8-28" tall. occasionally blue. Leaves TOXIC, can cause Tendril branched and coiled. Flowers red-purple, 0.8-2.4" long, cylindrical. Flowers crimson or Petals 0.5-1" long, bright red. dermititis. solitary, 0.4-0.6" long. white, 0.4-0.6" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Red/Orange Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 22

CALIFORNIA POPPY (Eschscholzia californica) CALIFORNIA FIGWORT (Scrophularia VARIABLE-LEAF NEMOPHILA (Nemophila COMMON PHACELIA (Phacelia distans) Native Native Perennial - Poppy Family - (Feb–Sep) - californica) Native Perennial - Snapdragon Family heterophylla) Native Annual - Borage Family - Annual - Borage Family - (Mar–May) - Common. Grassy, open areas - Plant 2-24" tall. Flower - (Mar–Jul) - Common; damp places, chaparral, (Feb–Jun) - Common. Forest, chaparral, Clay to rocky soils, slopes - Plant 6-32" tall. w/spreading rim <= 0.2". Petals 0.8-2.4" long, roadsides - Stem 2.6-4' tall, square x-section. roadsides, streambanks - Flower 0.1-0.4" long, Leaves divided. Flowers 0.24-0.35" long, dirty early spring = large and orange, fall = smaller and Leaves opposite, to 7" long, triangular, toothed. unspotted, bract appendages < 0.04" long in fruit. white. Seeds 2-4. yellow. Flowers 0.3-0.5" long, upper lips red to maroon, lower paler or yellowish.

ROCK PHACELIA (Phacelia imbricata subsp. BRISTLY PHACELIA (Phacelia nemoralis subsp. RUSTY POPCORNFLOWER (Plagiobothrys FOOL'S ONION (Triteleia hyacinthina) Native imbricata) Native Perennial - Borage Family - nemoralis) Native Biennial-Perennial - Borage nothofulvus) Native Annual - Borage Family - Perennial - Brodiaea Family - (Mar–Jul) - (Apr–Jul) - Slopes, roadsides, flats, canyons, Family - (Apr–Jul) - Moist slopes, streambanks, (Mar–May) - Common; open woodland, grassland Grassland, vernally wet meadows, occ drier chaparral, woodland - Plant 8-47", tufted. Leaf mixed-evergreen forest - Short-lived. Upper - Plant 8-28" tall, red-purple sap. Flower slopes - Flowering stem 1-2' tall. Leaves 4-16", segments 7-15. Flowers 0.2-0.3", white. Flower leaves egg-shaped, lower divided. Flowers 0.16-0.35" wide, white. Seed often only 1, 0.16-0.9" wide. Flower stalks 0.2-0.6" long. bracts often sticky. green-white, 0.16-0.2". horizontal. Flowers white, 0.35-0.6" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 23

EAR-SHAPED WILD BUCKWHEAT (Eriogonum KNOTWEED (Polygonum aviculare subsp. COMMON STAR LILY (Toxicoscordion fremontii) STARRY FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL nudum var. auriculatum) Native Perennial - depressum) Naturalized Annual - Buckwheat Native Perennial - Bunchflower Family - (Maianthemum stellatum) Native Perennial - Buckwheat Family - (May–Oct) - Common. Sand Family - (May–Nov) - Disturbed places - Stem (Feb–Jun) - Grassy or wooded slopes, outcrops - Butcher's Broom Family - (Apr–Jun) - Moist or gravel - Plant 5-15 dm. Leaves on stem, 4-20", mat-forming. Flowers 2-8/leaf axil, ~0.1" Stem 16-35" tall. Flower cluster branched or woodland, streambanks, open slopes - Stem curled. Inflor smooth. Flowers white to pink, long, fused 1/2 length, w/white or pink margins. unbranched. Petals 6, white to yellowish, 0.2-0.6" 12-28" long. Leaf 2-7" long. Flowers 5-15/cluster. smooth. long, > stamens. Petals white, 0.16-0.28" long.

BANEBERRY (Actaea rubra) Native Perennial - BUR-CHERVIL (Anthriscus caucalis) Naturalized POISON HEMLOCK (Conium maculatum) RATTLESNAKE WEED (Daucus pusillus) Native Buttercup Family - (May–Sep) - Deep soils, Annual - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jun) - Generally Naturalized Biennial - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jul) - Annual - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jun) - Rocky or moist, open to shaded sites, mixed-evergreen or shady places - Plant 18-40" tall. Flowers white; Common. Moist, esp disturbed places - Plants sandy places - Plant 1-35" tall, usually < 20". conifer forests - Plant 8-40" tall. Flowers white. flower stalk >= fruit length. Fruits 0.1-0.2" long 2-10' tall. Stems purple-spotted. Leaves fern-like, Flower clusters with < 13 flowers, all white. Fruits shiny red or white, 0.2-0.4" long. All plant with curved "velcro" bristles. Leaves fern-like, gen 2x divided. Flowers white. TOXIC. INVASIVE Young roots edible. Sap TOXIC to some people, parts TOXIC to humans. triangular outline. weed. causing dermititis. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 24

BUTTON CELERY (Eryngium jepsonii) Native COW PARSNIP (Heracleum maximum) Native SWEET-CICELY (Osmorhiza berteroi) Native VENUS' NEEDLE (Scandix pecten-veneris) Perennial - Carrot Family - (Apr–Aug) - Moist clay Perennial - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jul) - Moist Perennial - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jul) - Conifer Naturalized Annual - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jun) - soil, vernal pools, lake shores, drying lakes, wet places, wooded or open - Plants 1-3 m tall, forest, woodland, disturbed areas - Plant 12-47". Grassy slopes, roadsides - Plant 6-20" tall. Leaf depressions - Leaf blade toothed-irreg lobed. woolly-hairy. Leaflets 3, maple-lobed, 4-16" wide. Leaflets in 3s, serrate to irreg lobed. Flower segments finely divided, linear. Flowers white, Sepals 0.1", smooth-edged. Flowers white to blue Petals white, outermost longest. Juice causes white. Fruit 0.5-1", upward pointing barbs, outer petals larger. Fruit 0.2-1" long with a beak or purple. dermatitis. splitting apart below. 0.8-2.8" long.

TALL SOCK-DESTROYER (Torilis arvensis) SHORT SOCK-DESTROYER (Torilis nodosa) WAVYLEAF SOAP PLANT (Chlorogalum CALIFORNIA MAN-ROOT (Marah fabacea) Naturalized Annual - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jul) - Naturalized Annual - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jun) - pomeridianum var. pomeridianum) Native Native Perennial - Gourd Family - (Feb–Apr) - Disturbed places - Plant erect, 12-40". Flower Disturbed places - Plant spreading, 4-20" tall. Perennial - Century Plant Family - (May–Aug) - Streamsides, washes, shrubby open areas - Vine clusters open, > leaf. Fruits 0.1-0.2" long, Flowers white to red, clusters dense, < leaf. Fruit Common. Open grassland, chaparral, woodland - 6-20' long. Leaves moderately lobed. Flowers covered with uncurved bristles. Flowers white or ~ 0.1" long, uncurved bristles on outer surface, Plant 1-8' tall, flowers at night. Bulb juices lather cream or white, < 0.3" wide. Fruit spiny all over. pinkish. INVASIVE weed. bumps inside. in water. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 25

COAST MAN-ROOT (Marah oregana) Native WHITE GLOBE LILY (Calochortus albus) Native OAKLAND STAR-TULIP (Calochortus HOOKER FAIRY BELLS (Prosartes hookeri) Perennial - Gourd Family - (Mar–May) - Shrubby Perennial - Lily Family - (Apr–Jun) - Common. umbellatus) Native Perennial - Lily Family - Native Perennial - Lily Family - (Mar–Jun) - or open areas, forest edges - Vine 3-20' long. Shady to open woodland, scrub - Stem 2-8 dm. (Mar–May) - Open chaparral or woodland, gen on Montane conifer, mixed-evergreen forest, Leaves deeply lobed. Flowers white, deep Leaves grasslike. Flowers 2-many, hanging, serpentine - Stem 3-10". Petals white or pink, exposed roadside - Stem 12-32" tall. Leaf 1.2-6" cup-shaped, > 0.3" wide. Fruit smooth at end. closed at tip. Sepals 10-15 mm. Petals white to 0.5-0.7" long, square tip, purple-spotted base. long. Flower 0.3-0.6" long, white, hanging below pink, 20-25 mm long. CNPS: FAIRLY ENDANGERED. the leaves, stamens > petals.

GOOSE GRASS (Galium aparine) Native Annual COMMON MINER'S LETTUCE (Claytonia YERBA BUENA (Clinopodium douglasii) Native COMMON HOREHOUND (Marrubium vulgare) - Madder Family - (Apr–Jun) - Grassy, ± shady perfoliata subsp. perfoliata) Native Annual - Perennial - Mint Family - (Apr–Sep) - Shady Naturalized Perennial - Mint Family - (Mar–Nov) - places - Stem 12-35" long, weak, brittle. Leaves Miner's Lettuce Family - (Jan–May) - Vernally places, chaparral, woodland - Stem trailing, gen Disturbed sites, gen overgrazed pastures - Stem 0.5-1.6" long, in whorls of 6-8. Flowers white, moist, often shady or disturbed sites - Basal leaf woody, forming mats. Leaves 0.4-1.4" long, oval. 4-24" long. Leaf blades 0.6-2.2" long. Flower 4-lobed. Fruits covered w/short, hooked hairs. length <3x width. Stem leaf gen not angled. Petals white to lavender, 3-8 mm long. Aromatic. bract w/10 hook-tipped teeth. Flowers white, Seeds shiny w/large appendage. ~0.2" long. INVASIVE. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 26

CLIMBING MORNING-GLORY (Calystegia SHORTSTEM MORNING-GLORY (Calystegia BINDWEED (Convolvulus arvensis) Naturalized SHEPHERD'S PURSE (Capsella bursa-pastoris) purpurata subsp. purpurata) Native Perennial - subacaulis subsp. subacaulis) Native Perennial - Perennial - Morning-glory Family - (Mar–Oct) - Naturalized Annual - Mustard Family - (Jan–Oct) Morning-glory Family - (May–Jun) - Chaparral, Morning-glory Family - (Apr–Jun) - Dry, open Roadsides, open areas in many pl communities - - Disturbed areas - Stem 4-20" long. Basal leaves coastal scrub - Stem strongly climbing. Leaf scrub or woodland - Stem gen ~0.8" long. Trailing. Leaf 0.8-1.2" long, w/round tip, pointed 1.2-2.4" long, dandelion-like. Petals white, triangular, lobes strongly angled. Bractlets Flowers 1.3-2.4" long, white or cream. Bractlets lobes. Flowers white to pink, 0.8-1" long. 0.08-0.16" long. Fruits 0.16-0.35" long, flat, smooth, small, distant. concealing flower bracts. NOXIOUS. heart-shaped.

MILK MAIDS (Cardamine californica) Native WESTERN BITTER-CRESS (Cardamine THREADLEAF PEPPERGRASS (Lepidium PROSTRATE PEPPERGRASS (Lepidium Perennial - Mustard Family - (Jan–May) - Gen oligosperma) Native Annual - Mustard Family - nitidum) Native Annual - Mustard Family - strictum) Naturalized Annual - Mustard Family - shaded sites, canyons, woodland. One of first (Mar–Jul) - Wet meadows, shady banks, damp (Feb–Mar) - Alkaline soils, pastures, dry vernal (Apr–Jun) - Uncommon. Disturbed areas, spring flowers - Stem 10-24" long. Leaves lobed areas - Plants < 16". Leaves divided into 5-9 pools, fields, beaches - Fruit stalk flat. Fruit woodland, slopes - Stem 2.8-6.7", gen crawling. to compound w/sharp teeth. Petals white or pale leaflets. Flowers white, 0.1-0.2" long. Fruit < 0.1" smooth, 0.14-0.24" long, cupped, winged. Leaves pinnately lobed. Flower cluster crowded, rose, 0.3-0.5" long. wide. stallk < fruit, sepals stay. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 27

WATER CRESS (Nasturtium officinale) Native HAIRY FRINGEPOD (Thysanocarpus curvipes) SMALL-FLOWERED NIGHTSHADE (Solanum THREE CORNERED LEEK (Allium triquetrum) Perennial - Mustard Family - (Mar–Nov) - Native Annual - Mustard Family - (Feb–Jun) - americanum) Native Annual-Perennial - Naturalized Perennial - Onion or Garlic Family - Streams, springs, marshes, lake margins, Common. Slopes, washes, moist meadows, Nightshade Family - (Apr–Nov) - Open, often (Mar–Apr) - Locally common. Shady ± disturbed swamps - Stem 4-43" long. Leaflets 3-9, 0.3-1" woodland, streambanks - Stem 4-24". Leaf disturbed places - Flower 0.12-0.24" wide w/3mm places - Stem 4-16", sharply 3-angled. Flowers wide. Petals white, 0.12-0.18" long. EDIBLE clasping w/'ears'. Fruit 0.12-0.24" wide, hanging, lobes, white, anthers ~0.07". Seeds ~0.05". white, 3-15, 0.4-0.7" long, nodding. Escaped leaves. often hairy w/perforated edge. Bracts 0.04-0.08", curled back in fruit. ornamentals.

SPOTTED CORALROOT (Corallorhiza maculata GAMBEL MILKVETCH (Astragalus gambelianus) CALIFORNIA TEA (Rupertia physodes) Native THIMBLE CLOVER (Trifolium microdon) Native var. maculata) Native Perennial - Orchid Family - Native Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jul) - Open, Perennial - Pea Family - (May–Sep) - Woodland - Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Common (May–Aug) - Shaded mixed-evergreen or conifer grassy areas, scrub - Plant 8-12" tall, slender. Stem ~1.6'. Leaflets 3, triangular to locally. Open, moist or dry, gen disturbed areas - forest, in decomposing lf litter - Flower lip white, Leaflets square-tipped. Flowers 4-15/cluster, lance-shaped, 1.4-2.8" long, sticky. Flower bracts Short-hairy. Head bract w/flat base. Flowers not widest at tip, w/2 rounded side lobes. white w/purple-tinge, ~0.1" long. Fruits ~0.15" not hairy, lobes =. Flowers white or yellow, white to pink. Calyx lobes < 1/2 flower tube long, reflexed. banner 0.4-0.55" long. length, < flowers. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 28

BICOLOR LEPTOSIPHON (Leptosiphon bicolor) STICKY MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED (Cerastium DOUGLAS' STITCHWORT (Minuartia douglasii) SMALL-FLOWER CATCHFLY (Silene gallica) Native Annual - Phlox Family - (Mar–Jun) - glomeratum) Naturalized Annual - Pink Family - Native Annual - Pink Family - (Spring–early Naturalized Annual - Pink Family - (Spring–early Common. Open, grassy areas, chaparral, (Spring) - Dry hillsides, grassland, chaparral, summer) - Dry, rocky, slopes, flats in chaparral, summer) - Fields, disturbed areas - Plant 4-16". woodland - Plant 0.8-8.3" tall, hairy. Flower lobes disturbed areas - Flowers 0.1-02" long, white, oak and pine woodland, often serpentine - Plant Leaves < 1.4" long. Flower cluster short-hairy, ~0.1" long, pink or white; tube red; stigma sticky-hairy. Flower bract hairs extend beyond tip; 1.6-12", sticky-hairy. Leaves 0.2-1.6". Petals bracts sticky-hairy, petal blade 0.2-0.5" long, <=0.02" long. bracts herbaceous. white, 0.12-0.24" long. smooth to notched, white to pink.

STICKWORT (Spergula arvensis) Naturalized COMMON CHICKWEED (Stellaria media) CALIFORNIA DWARF PLANTAIN (Plantago ENGLISH PLANTAIN (Plantago lanceolata) Annual - Pink Family - (Spring–early summer) - Naturalized Annual - Pink Family - (Feb–Sep) - erecta) Native Annual - Plantain Family - Naturalized Annual - Plantain Family - (Apr–Aug) Open slopes, pine woodland, sand dunes, fields, Oak woodland, meadows, disturbed areas - Plant (Mar–May) - Sandy, clay, serpentine soil; grassy - Common. Disturbed areas - Leaves basal, disturbed areas - Stem 4-16"+. Leaves 0.4-2" 2.8-20" tall. Stem w/line of hairs on 1 side. Sepals slopes, flats, open woodland - Leaf 1.2-5" long, hairy, 2-10" long, <= 1" wide. Flowers + stem long, linear, in whorls. 0.12-0.18" long. Petals white, 2-lobed, 0.7-0.9x linear, hairy. Flowers + stem 1.2-12" tall, cluster 8-31" tall, flower cluster 0.8-3" long. INVASIVE, sepals. 0.2-1.2" long. lawn weed. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 29

CREAM CUPS (Platystemon californicus) Native STICKY CINQUEFOIL (Drymocallis glandulosa WOOD STRAWBERRY (Fragaria vesca) Native SMALL-FLOWER ALUMROOT (Heuchera Annual - Poppy Family - (Mar–May) - Open var. wrangelliana) Native Perennial - Rose Family Perennial - Rose Family - (Jan–Jul) - Gen partial micrantha) Native Perennial - Saxifrage Family - grassland, sandy soil, burns - Plant 1.2-12" tall, - (May–Jul) - Gen ± shady or moist areas - Stem shade in forest - Stem gen 1.2-6" long. Leaflets 3, (Apr–Jul) - Moist, rocky banks and cliffs - Plant shaggy-hairy. Leaves 0.4-3.5" long, narrow. 8-28". Flower 0.2-0.25" long, pale yellow to thin. Central leaflet gen w/12-21 teeth. Flower 4-40" tall. Leaf blade 0.8-4.7" long, 5-7 lobed, Flowers solitary. Stamens > 12. Petals 6, gen cream. Terminal leaflet distinct, unlobed. white, gen 0.6" wide, often above leaves. Fruit a generally hairy. Petals white, ~ 0.1" long. cream with yellow base. strawberry.

WOODLAND STAR (Lithophragma affine) Native CALIFORNIA SAXIFRAGE (Micranthes FRINGE CUPS (Tellima grandiflora) Native YARROW (Achillea millefolium) Native Perennial Perennial - Saxifrage Family - (Mar–Apr) - Open, californica) Native Perennial - Saxifrage Family - Perennial - Saxifrage Family - (Apr–Jul) - Moist - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Sep) - Many habitats - grassy slopes - Plant 4-24" tall. Leaves w/3-5 (Feb–May(Jun)) - Moist, shady places - Plant slopes - Plan 16-39" tall, hairy. Flower cluster Plant 4"-7' tall. Stem white-hairy. Leaves finely sharp-toothed shallow lobes, stem leaves 6-14" tall. Leaves 1.6-4" long, at base, unbranched. Petals green-white to rose or red, dissected. Flower cluster flat-topped. Flowers alternate. Petals 0.2-0.5" long, white. Hypanthium egg-shaped, >= 0.08" wide, toothed. Petals 0.12-0.28" long, falling early. Stamens 10. white to pink. Widely used in folk medicine. funnel-shaped. white, 0.1-0.18" long. Hypanthium bell-shaped. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 30

MAYWEED (Anthemis cotula) Naturalized Annual MARSH BACCHARIS (Baccharis glutinosa) ENGLISH DAISY (Bellis perennis) Naturalized STICKY ROSINWEED (Calycadenia - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Aug) - Common. Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Jul–Oct) - Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Dec–Sep) - multiglandulosa) Native Annual - Sunflower Disturbed areas, fields, coastal dunes, chaparral, Coastal freshwater and saltwater marshes, Damp, grassy areas - Herbaceous lawn weed. Family - (May–Oct) - Common. Gen dry, open oak woodland - Leaves finely divided into streambanks - Plant herbaceous, sticky, 3-6' tall. Leaves 0.8-4" long, spoon-shaped. Ray flowers valleys, hillsides, rocky ridges - Stem hairy, thread-like lobes. Flowers > 0.6" wide, many on Leaf blades lance-shaped, < 5" long, 0.5-1.2" white, 0.3-0.4" long, narrow. Disk flowers yellow, sticky, 4-28" tall. Leaves 1.2-3.1" long. Flowers top of a well-branched stem. wide. ~ 0.1" long. white or cream to rose or yellow.

HAYFIELD TARWEED (Hemizonia congesta WHITE HAWKWEED (Hieracium albiflorum) CALIFORNIA EVERLASTING PINCUSHION FLOWER (Scabiosa atropurpurea) subsp. luzulifolia) Native Perennial - Sunflower Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - (May–Sep) (Pseudognaphalium californicum) Native Biennial Naturalized Annual - Teasel Family - (Mar-Nov) - Family - (Mar–Dec) - Disturbed, open, or grassy - Forest - Stem 8-47" tall, densely long-hairy. - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jul) - Sandy canyons, Disturbed areas - Stem < 2' tall. Leaves opposite, sites, often clayey soils, serpentine - Plant 2-32" Leaves mostly at base, 3-6" long, not lobed. dry hills, coastal chaparral - Stem 8-51" tall. pinnately dissected. Flower clusters < 1.2" wide, tall. Flowers white, rays 0.2-0.5" long; head bract Flower cluster widely branched, heads Leaves green + glandular on both sides. Heads flowers gen blue, pink, purple or white. tips < body. few-haired. Rays white. Milky sap. white, spheric, 0.2-0.24" long. Ornamental. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 31

LONGHORN PLECTRITIS (Plectritis macrocera) SEASIDE / COASTAL PAINTBRUSH (Castilleja CALIFORNIA BUTTERCUP (Ranunculus PRICKLESEED BUTTERCUP (Ranunculus Native Annual - Valerian Family - (Mar–Jun) - wightii) Native Perennial - Broom-rape Family - californicus var. californicus) Native Perennial - muricatus) Naturalized Annual - Buttercup Family Common. Open, partly shaded slopes - Plant (Mar–Aug) - Coastal scrub - Plant 12-32" tall, Buttercup Family - (Mar–Aug) - Grassland, open - (Apr–Jun) - Stream-banks, drainages, low 24-32" tall. Leaves to 1.8" long. Flowers sticky, short-hairy. Leaves crowded, 0.8-2.4" woodland - Petals 9-17, 0.28-0.55" long, often > meadows - Plant 6-20". Leaves gen 3-lobed. 0.08-0.15" long w/tapering spur, white to pale long. Flower cluster yellowish (bright red to 2x width. Fruit body 0.07-0.13" long, 0.05-0.09" Petals yellow, 5, 0.16-0.3" long. Fruits 0.2" long pink. Fruit grooved. yellow). wide, smooth. with curved bristles.

FOOTHILL MEADOW-RUE (Thalictrum fendleri FENNEL (Foeniculum vulgare) Naturalized BLADDER PARSNIP (Lomatium utriculatum) POISON SANICLE (Sanicula bipinnata) Native var. polycarpum) Native Perennial - Buttercup Perennial - Carrot Family - (May–Sep) - Native Perennial - Carrot Family - (Feb–May) - Perennial - Carrot Family - (Apr–May) - Open Family - (Mar–Jun) - Moist, open to shaded Roadsides, disturbed sites - Plants 3-6.5' tall, Open grassy slopes, meadows, woodland - Plant grassland or pine/oak woodland - Plants 5-24" places, woodland, forest - Plant 2-6'+ tall, male or anise-scented. Stems waxy-blue, canelike. 4-20" tall, leafy stem. Leaf lobes linear, bases tall. Leaves 2x pinnate. Flowers yellow, male female. Leaf 1-4x divided, 3-18" long, segments Flowers yellow. Leaf segments thread-like, edible broad. Flowers bright yellow above unfused, flower stalk < fruit. Reported to be slightly TOXIC. 0.3-0.8" long. No petals. when young. INVASIVE weed. round bractlets. Fruit winged. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 32

PACIFIC WOODLAND SANICLE (Sanicula TURKEY PEA SANICLE (Sanicula tuberosa) GOLDEN EGGS SUNCUP (Taraxia ovata) Native YELLOW MARIPOSA LILY (Calochortus luteus) crassicaulis) Native Perennial - Carrot Family - Native Perennial - Carrot Family - (Mar–Jul) - Perennial - Evening Primrose Family - (Mar–Jun) Native Perennial - Lily Family - (Apr–Jun) - Heavy (Mar–May) - Open slopes, ravines, woodland - Open gravelly meadows, chaparral, woodland, - Grassy fields, gen clay soil - Stemless. Leaf soils in grassland, woodland, mixed-evergreen Plants stout, 9-47". Leaves 1-5" across with 3-5 pine forest - Plant 2-32" tall, slender. Leaves blade oval, 1.2-6" long w/long stalks. Flower forest - Stem 8-20" long. Flowers bell-shaped, deep, palmate lobes and serrate edges. Flowers finely dissected. Flowers bright yellow, male stalks leafless. Petals yellow, 0.3-0.9" long. deep yellow, 0.8-1.6" long, gen w/inner central yellow. flower stalks > bumpy fruit. Ovary hidden. red-brown spot.

GOLDEN MONKEYFLOWER (Mimulus guttatus) CLIMBING BEDSTRAW (Galium porrigens var. ERECT-POD WINTER CRESS (Barbarea BLACK MUSTARD (Brassica nigra) Naturalized Native Perennial - Lopseed Family - (Mar–Aug) - porrigens) Native Perennial - Madder Family - orthoceras) Native Perennial - Mustard Family - Annual - Mustard Family - (Apr–Sep) - Common. Common. Wet places, gen terrestrial, occ (May–Aug) - Among shrubs in chaparral, forest - (Mar–Jul) - Meadows, streambanks, moist Disturbed areas, fields - Plant 1-6' tall. Petals emergent or floating in mats - Plant 0.8-60". Stem 4-59" long. Leaves 0.1-0.7" long, oval to woodland, grassland - Stem 8-24". Lower leaves bright yellow, 0.3-0.4" long. Fruit upright, pressed Flower yellow, gen > 0.8" long; mature bracts egg-shaped, in whorls of 4. Flowers yellow to red, w/large terminal lobe, upper clasping stem. against stem. INVASIVE weed. flattened sideways, inflated in fruit. 4-lobed. Petals bright yellow, 0.2-0.3" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 33

TURNIP (Brassica rapa) Naturalized Annual - SHORTPOD MUSTARD (Hirschfeldia incana) HEDGE MUSTARD (Sisymbrium officinale) CREEPING WOOD SORREL (Oxalis corniculata) Mustard Family - (Jan–May) - Disturbed areas - Naturalized Biennial-Perennial - Mustard Family - Naturalized Annual - Mustard Family - (Apr–Sep) Naturalized Perennial - Oxalis Family - (Most of Stem 8-40" tall. Leaves clasping, upper (Apr–Oct) - Disturbed areas - Stem 16-60". - Disturbed areas, fields, pastures - Stem 10-22" Year) - Disturbed areas - Plant < 20" tall, rooting smooth-edged & waxy. Petals yellow, 0.2-0.4" Longest leaves 1.6-4" long, dense-hairy. Petals tall, thin, wiry. Petals 0.1-0.16" long, pale yellow. at nodes. Leaflets < 0.8" long, in 3s. Petals long, stalk 0.3-1"; fruit beak > 0.4". INVASIVE pale yellow, ~0.2" long. Fruit appressed. Fruit 0.4-0.55" long, awl-shaped, appressed. yellow, < 8 mm long. Fruit 0.24-1" long. Possibly weed. Fall-blooming. INVASIVE. TOXIC to sheep.

BERMUDA BUTTERCUP (Oxalis pes-caprae) COLCHITA (Acmispon brachycarpus) Native DEERWEED (Acmispon glaber var. glaber) CALIFORNIA LOTUS (Acmispon wrangelianus) Naturalized Perennial - Oxalis Family - Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. Native Perennial - Pea Family - (Mar–Aug) - Native Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - (Jan–May) - Disturbed areas, roadsides, Grassland, oak and pine woodland, desert flats Chaparral, roadsides, coastal sands; common - Abundant. Coastal bluffs, chaparral, disturbed grassland, dunes - Flowering stem < 12" tall. and mtns, roadsides - Soft, densely hairy, < 16" Often shrubby, leaflets 3-6, many clusters of 3-7 areas - Low growing. Flowers yellow aging red, Leaflets in 3s, < 1.4" long. Petals yellow, < 1" tall. Flower yellow, almost stemless, bract lobes stemless flowers, yellow fading to orange-red, 0.2-0.4" long, almost stemless. Bract lobes same long. Ornamental. INVASIVE weed. 1-2x flower tube. 0.3-0.5" long. length as flower tube. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 34

BIRD'S-FOOT TREFOIL (Lotus corniculatus) CALIFORNIA BURCLOVER (Medicago SOURCLOVER (Melilotus indicus) Naturalized LITTLE HOP CLOVER (Trifolium dubium) Naturalized Perennial - Pea Family - (Jun–Sep) - polymorpha) Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - Annual-Biennial - Pea Family - (Apr–Oct) - Open, Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - (Spring) - Open, disturbed areas - Leaflets 5, 0.16-0.9" (Mar–Jul) - Common. Chaparral, oak woodland, disturbed areas - Stem 4-24" long. Leaflets 3, Agricultural, disturbed areas, lawns - Heads long. Flower cluster 3-7 flowered on0.6-4.7" stalk. streambanks, roadsides, disturbed areas - Stem 0.4-1" long. Flowers yellow, ~0.1" long. 0.16-0.3" wide. Flowers bright yellow, age brown, Flowers bright yellow, 0.4-0.55" long, banner 4-20". Flower yellow, 0.14-0.24" long. Spiny spiral quickly reflex, smooth. often reddish. fruits. INVASIVE.

BLOW WIVES (Achyrachaena mollis) Native GIANT NATIVE DANDELION (Agoseris TOCALOTE (Centaurea melitensis) Naturalized YELLOW STAR-THISTLE (Centaurea solstitialis) Annual - Sunflower Family - (Mar–Jun) - grandiflora var. grandiflora) Native Perennial - Annual - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jul) - Disturbed Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - Common. Grassy sites, often clay soils - Plant Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jul) - Grassland, scrub, fields, open woodland - Plant 4-39", gray-hairy, (May–Oct) - Invasive, roadsides, disturbed 2-24" tall, soft-hairy. Flowers yellow turning red, woodland - Plant 10-40". Leaf lobes point up. resinous. Leaves 0.8-6" long. Flowers yellow, grassland or woodland - Plant 4-39" tall. Leaves 0.1-0.5" wide, extend < 0.1" beyond green Flower rosy-purple, variable-sized bracts. Seed 0.4-0.8" long, bracts tipped w/purple spines. woolly, extend down the stem. Flower bract bracts. Showy, flat scales attached to seeds. tapers to beak > 2x body length. Leaf lobes point NOXIOUS weed. spines 0.4-1" long. NOXIOUS weed. upward. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 35

BRASS-BUTTONS (Cotula coronopifolia) GERMAN IVY (Delairea odorata) Naturalized GREAT VALLEY GUMPLANT (Grindelia ROSILLA (Helenium puberulum) Native Biennial - Naturalized Perennial - Sunflower Family - Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Nov–Mar) - camporum) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - Sunflower Family - (Jun–Aug) - Streambanks, (Mar–Dec) - Common. Saline and freshwater Shady, ± disturbed places, riparian woodland, (May–Nov) - Sandy or saline bottomland, seepage areas, lake margins - Plant 20-63". marshes, mud flats - Plant 2-16"+ tall, smooth, ± coastal scrub - Vine stem 3-20' long. Heads ~ 20 roadsides - Stem non-woody, 2-8' tall, whitish. Flower head spherical, disk flowers ~0.1" long, fleshy. Leaves linear to lance-shaped w/linear per cluster. Disk flowers bright yellow. NOXIOUS Leaves gen resinous. Head to 1.2" wide, bracts yellow on sides, brown-purple on top; rays teeth or lobes. INVASIVE. weed. bend downward. 0.15-0.4" long, point down.

BRISTLY OX-TONGUE (Helminthotheca BOLANDER GOLDENASTER (Heterotheca BRISTLY GOLDENASTER (Heterotheca HEERMANN TARPLANT (Holocarpha echioides) Naturalized Annual-Biennial - sessiliflora subsp. bolanderi) Native Perennial - sessiliflora subsp. echioides) Native Perennial - heermannii) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - Sunflower Family - (All year) - Common. Sunflower Family - (Jun–Sep) - Dunes, Sunflower Family - (Jul–Oct) - Grassland, scrub, (May–Nov) - Grassland - Plant 0.2-1.2 m tall, Disturbed areas - Stem 1-6.5' tall, bristly. Leaf headlands, grassy coastal slopes - Plant gen woodland, open forest, disturbed sites - Plant 2-7 densely very-short-hairy, glandular. Ray flowers 2-8" long, covered with prickly bumps. Flower 8-28", unbranched. Leaves wide, soft-hairy. dm, bristly. Leaves flat, to 5 cm long, upper 3-13, yellow. Disk flowers yellow to brown. Yellow heads 0.8-1.6" wide. INVASIVE weed. Heads clustered, rays 0.3-0.6". reduced. Head bracts not leafy. anthers. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 36

SMOOTH CAT'S-EAR (Hypochaeris glabra) ROUGH CAT'S-EAR (Hypochaeris radicata) WILLOW LETTUCE (Lactuca saligna) PRICKLY LETTUCE (Lactuca serriola) Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - Naturalized Perennial - Sunflower Family - Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - (Mar–Jun) - Common. Disturbed areas, (Apr–Jul) - Disturbed areas, grassland, open (Jul–Nov) - Roadsides, grassland - Stem 12-39" (May–Oct) - Abundant. Disturbed places - Stem grassland, open woodland - Plant 4-24" tall, woodland - Plant 4-32" tall, rough-hairy. Rays tall. Leaf lobes entire or few-toothed, no prickles 1.6-10' tall, prickly-bristly. Leaves deeply-lobed, smooth. Rays 0.2-0.3" long, barely > head bracts. 0.4-0.6" long, well exceeding head bracts. Fruits underneath. Flowers 5-12, pale yellow, open in midvein and edges prickly-bristly. Flowers pale Only inner fruit beaked. INVASIVE. all beaked. INVASIVE weed. morning. yellow, 0.16-0.2" wide.

COMMON HARE-LEAF (Lagophylla CALIFORNIA GOLDFIELDS (Lasthenia GUMWEED (Madia gracilis) Native Annual - COAST TARWEED (Madia sativa) Native Annual ramosissima) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - californica subsp. californica) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Aug) - Open, - Sunflower Family - (May–Oct) - Grassy, open, (Apr–Oct) - Grassland, openings in scrub, Sunflower Family - (Feb–Jun) - Many habitats - semi-shaded or disturbed sites, many habitats, or disturbed sites - Plant 3.5-10 dm, hairy, all woodland, forest - Plant 4-40" tall. Leaves hairy, Stem < 16" tall, hairy. Leaves 0.3-2.8" long, incl serpentine - Plant 2.4-40" tall, hairy, upper glandular. Leaf 0.8-7.1" long, 0.1-0.7" wide. Rays often sticky, to 4.7" long. Rays yellow, 0.12-0.24" <0.25" wide, smooth edged. Head bracts 4-13, half sticky. Leaf 0.4-4" long. Rays yellow, 3-10, green-yellow, 8-13, 0.06-0.16" long. Head bracts long. not joined. Rays 0.2-0.7" long. 0.06-0.3" long. Bracts 6-10 mm tall. 0.24-0.6" tall. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 37

PINEAPPLE WEED (Matricaria discoidea) SIERRA FOOTHILL SILVERPUFFS (Microseris DOUGLAS SILVERPUFFS (Microseris douglasii COTTON-BATTING PLANT (Pseudognaphalium Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - acuminata) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - subsp. douglasii) Native Annual - Sunflower stramineum) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - (Feb–Aug) - Abundant. Disturbed sites, (Apr–Jun) - Grassy, open rocky or clay soil - Family - (Mar–Jun) - Grassland, near vernal (Mar–Aug) - Many habitats, dunes, chaparral riverbanks - Plant 4-12" tall, sweet-scented. Plant 2-14". Leaves 1-8" long, basal, linear-lobed. pools or serpentine - Plant 2-24". Leaf 1.2-10". slopes, roadsides - Heads 0.16-0.2" long, female Heads pineapple-shaped, ~ 0.4" wide; head stalk Rays 5-50, yellow. Pappus scale > 0.2" long, no Pappus scales <= 5, 0.04-0.24" long. Fruit widest flowers > 0.08" long, pappus bristles free. to 0.6" long. notch. at tip.

COMMON GROUNDSEL (Senecio vulgaris) CALIFORNIA GOLDENROD (Solidago velutina PRICKLY SOW THISTLE (Sonchus asper subsp. COMMON SOW THISTLE (Sonchus oleraceus) Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - subsp. californica) Native Perennial - Sunflower asper) Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - (All year) (Feb–Jul) - Common. Disturbed areas - Plant Family - (May–Nov) - Woodland margins, (All year) - Common. Slightly moist disturbed - Abundant. Disturbed places - Plant 4-55" tall. 4-24" tall, not hairy, w/1-10+ stems. Flower head grassland, disturbed soils - Stem 8-60" tall. Gen sites, along streams - Plant 4-48". Leaf teeth Leaf teeth soft to touch. Basal lobes of upper bracts with black-tips. Milky sap. densely short-soft-hairy. Flower cluster height prickly. Basal lobes of upper leaves rounded, leaves sharply pointed, straight to curving 2-4x width. curving downward. upward. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 38

COMMON DANDELION (Taraxacum officinale) SILVERPUFFS (Uropappus lindleyi) Native NARROW-LEAVED MULE'S EARS (Wyethia SMOOTH MULE'S EARS (Wyethia glabra) Naturalized Biennial-Perennial - Sunflower Family Annual - Sunflower Family - (Mar–May) - angustifolia) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Mar–Jun) - - (All year) - Abundant. Esp disturbed areas - Common. Open grassland, woodland, chaparral, - (Apr–Aug) - Grassland - Plant 4-35" tall, Gen shady sites - Plant 4-16" tall, shiny green, no Stem hollow. Leaves bright green with sharp deserts, gen in loose soils - Heads pale yellow, rough-hairy. Leaves narrow, veins all similar, woolly hairs. Leaf basal blades 10-18" long, down-pointing lobes. Outer head bracts reflexed. never nod. Outer head bracts always > 1/4 inner base blades 4-20" long. Ray flowers 0.6-1.8" lance-shaped to oval, shiny. Ray flowers 1-2" Fruit ~ brown. length. Pappus scale notched. long. long.

GRAY MULE'S EARS (Wyethia helenioides) JOHNNY-JUMP-UP (Viola pedunculata) Native JIM BRUSH (Ceanothus oliganthus var. BLUE BLOSSOM (Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - Perennial - Violet Family - (Feb–Apr) - Open, sorediatus) Native Perennial - Buckthorn Family - thyrsiflorus) Native Perennial - Buckthorn Family - (Mar–May(Aug)) - Open grassland, woodland, grassy slopes, hillsides, chaparral, oak woodland, (Jan–May) - Slopes, ridges, chaparral, conifer (Mar–Jun) - Bluffs, slopes, canyons, chaparral, scrub - Plant 8-28" tall, densely woolly, often gen full sun - Plant 2-15" tall. No basal leaves. forest - Shrub/tree < 11.5' tall. Twigs red-brown. coastal scrub, closed-cone-pine forest - Leaves becoming smooth. Some woolly hairs remain on Petals gold-yellow, lower 3 brown-veined, upper Leaves alternate, 3 main veins. Flowers blue, alternate, 3 main veins. Twigs angled, ridged leaf stalks and floral bracts. 2 red-brown on back. purple-blue or whitish. lengthwise. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 39

RED-FLOWERING CURRANT (Ribes CALIFORNIA HUCKLEBERRY (Vaccinium HAIRY VINE HONEYSUCKLE (Lonicera SNOWBERRY (Symphoricarpos albus var. sanguineum var. glutinosum) Native Perennial - ovatum) Native Perennial - Heath Family - hispidula) Native Perennial - Honeysuckle Family laevigatus) Native Perennial - Honeysuckle Gooseberry Family - (Feb–Apr) - Many habitats - (Mar–May) - Edges, clearings in conifer forest - - (May–Jun) - Canyons, streamsides, woodland - Family - (May–Jul) - Shady woodland, Shrub < 13' tall, no prickles. Sepals pink to white. Shrub 1.6-10' tall. Leaf 1-2" long, evergreen. Shrub sprawling-climbing, 6-10' long, short-hairy. streambanks, N. slopes - Shrub 20-71" tall. Petals white to red, ~0.1" long. Styles smooth. Flowers pink, < 0.3" long, 3-10/group. Fruit black, Flower cluster densely sticky. Flowers pink, Flowers > 8/cluster, pink, 0.16-0.24" long, 0.24-0.35" diam. 0.5-0.6" long, sticky-hairy. bell-shaped, swollen on 1 side.

CREEPING SNOWBERRY (Symphoricarpos BLUE WITCH (Solanum umbelliferum) Native BUSH LUPINE (Lupinus albifrons var. albifrons) CALIFORNIA ROSE (Rosa californica) Native mollis) Native Perennial - Honeysuckle Family - Perennial - Nightshade Family - (All year) - Native Perennial - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Perennial - Rose Family - (Feb–Nov) - Gen ± (Apr–May) - Ridges, slopes, open places in Shrubland, mixed-evergreen forest, woodland - Common. Chaparral, foothill woodland - Shrub moist areas in sun, esp streambanks - Shrub woodland - Shrub 6-24" tall, sprawling. Flowers < Plant gen < 39", upper stem hairs branched, 2-16' tall, gen distinct trunk, green to silvery. 2.6-8.2' tall w/thick curved spines, forming 8/cluster, pink + often red outside, 0.16" long, dense. Flowers 0.6-1" wide, purple, with green Flowers 0.35-0.6" long, purple, banner back thickets. Petals pink, 0.6-1" long; sepals unlobed. bell-shaped, symetrical. spots at the base. hairy, keel top ciliate mid to tip. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 40

WOOD ROSE (Rosa gymnocarpa var. WHITE ALDER (Alnus rhombifolia) Native CALIFORNIA HAZELNUT (Corylus cornuta CALIFORNIA COFFEE BERRY (Frangula gymnocarpa) Native Perennial - Rose Family - Perennial - Birch Family - (Apr–Jun) - Along subsp. californica) Native Perennial - Birch californica subsp. californica) Native Perennial - ((Feb)Apr–Jul) - Common. Gen in shade of permanent streams - Tree. Leaves flat, not rusty Family - (Jan–Mar) - Common. Many habitats, Buckthorn Family - (May–Jul) - Coastal-sage forest, scrub - Shrub w/straight thorns. Flowers underneath, margins serrate, not rolled under. esp moist, shady places - Shrub, small tree < 13' scrub, chaparral, forest, woodland - Shrub < 16' gen solitary, stalks sticky, fruit smooth, sepals Female flowers cone-like. Wood used for tall. Leaf velvetry-hairy. Fruits 0.8-1.2" long in tall. Flowers greenish. Leaves smooth beneath. deciduous. furniture and for smoking meats. papery bracts, 1-2/group.

REDWOOD (Sequoia sempervirens) Native COAST LIVE OAK (Quercus agrifolia var. BLUE OAK (Quercus douglasii) Native Perennial VALLEY OAK (Quercus lobata) Native Perennial Perennial - Cypress Family - - - Redwood forest - agrifolia) Native Perennial - Oak Family - - Oak Family - (Apr–May) - Dry slopes, interior - Oak Family - (Mar–Apr) - Slopes, valleys, Tree to 380' tall, evergreen. Leaves alternate: on (Mar–Apr) - Valleys, slopes, mixed-evergreen foothills, woodland - Tree 20-66', deciduous. Bark savanna - Tree < 115' tall, deciduous. Leaves rapidly growing stems awl-like, < 0.3" long; others forest, woodland - Tree 30-80'. Leaves convex, checkered into scales. Leaves 1.2-2.4" long, 2-5" long, not leathery, deeply lobed, lobes flat, 0.2-1" long. Seed cone 0.5-1.4" diam, woody. hair-tuft below in vein axils. Acorns on 1st year bluish green, unlobed to shallowly lobed, lacking without bristles. Acorns 1.2-2" long, slender, cup twigs, shell glabrous inside. bristles. 0.4-1.2" deep. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 41

INTERIOR LIVE OAK (Quercus wislizeni var. MONTEREY PINE (Pinus radiata) Native BIG-LEAF MAPLE (Acer macrophyllum) Native BOX ELDER (Acer negundo) Native Perennial - wislizeni) Native Perennial - Oak Family - Perennial - Pine Family - - - Closed-cone-pine Perennial - Soapberry Family - (Mar–Jun) - Soapberry Family - (Mar–Apr) - Streamsides, (Mar–May) - Interior canyons, slopes, pine/oak forest, oak woodland - Tree < 125' tall. Mature Common. Streambanks, canyons - Tree < 100'. bottomland. - Tree < 66' tall. Leaflets in 3s. Group woodland - Tree < 75'. Leaf blades 0.8-2" long, bark black, deep-grooved. Needles 3 per bundle, Leaves 5-lobed, 3-6" long, 4-10" wide. Group of of 10-250 hanging flowers appear with leaves. hairless, flat. Acorns on 2nd year twigs, shell 2.4-5.9" long. Seed cone 2.4-6" long, asymmetric, 20-90 hanging flowers appear after leaves. Winged fruits. Widely planted ornamental. woolly inside. opening 2nd year. Winged seeds.

WESTERN POISON OAK (Toxicodendron CALIFORNIA SAGEBRUSH (Artemisia N. CALIFORNIA BLACK WALNUT (Juglans FREMONT COTTONWOOD (Populus fremontii diversilobum) Native Perennial - Sumac Family - californica) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - hindsii) Native Perennial - Walnut Family - subsp. fremontii) Native Perennial - Willow Family (Apr–Jun) - Canyons, slopes, chaparral, coastal (Aug–Nov) - Coastal scrub, chaparral, open (Apr–May) - Along streams, disturbed slopes - - (Mar–Apr) - Scattered. Alluvial bottomland, scrub, oak woodland - Shrub or vine. Leaflets 3, woodland - Shrub 2-8.5' tall, rounded. Leaves Tree 20-75'. Leaflets 13-21, 3-5". Fruit 1.4-2" streamsides - Tree < 66' tall. Leaves red in fall, mid leaflet stalked. Flowers green. 0.4-4", hairy, thread-like, lt green to gray. Flower wide. CNPS: SERIOUSLY ENDANGERED heart-shaped to triangular, coarsely scalloped, Fruits white. TOXIC. heads < 5 mm wide. Sage-scented. (unplanted). blade 1.2-2.8" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 42

BLACK COTTONWOOD (Populus trichocarpa) WESTERN SYCAMORE (Platanus racemosa) CHAPARRAL CLEMATIS (Clematis lasiantha) WESTERN VIRGIN'S BOWER (Clematis Native Perennial - Willow Family - (Feb–Apr) - Native Perennial - Sycamore Family - (Feb–Apr) - Native Perennial - Buttercup Family - (Jan–Jun) - ligusticifolia) Native Perennial - Buttercup Family Alluvial bottomland, streamsides - Tree < 100' Common. Streamsides, canyons, arroyos - Tree Hillsides, chaparral, open woodland - Woody - (Jun–Sep) - Along streams, wet places - tall. Leaves egg-shaped, finely-scalloped edge, 33-115' tall. Bark peeling pale. Leaf blades 4-10" vine. Leaflets 3-5, +-3-lobed. Flowers gen 1, in Leaflets 5-15, irregularly lobed. Flowers many, in blade 1.2-2.8" long. long, palmately lobed, smooth to hairy above, spring; sepals white to cream, 0.4-0.8" long. fall. Sepals white to cream, 0.2-0.24" long. short-woolly under.

WESTERN AMERICAN DOGWOOD (Cornus HILLSIDE GOOSEBERRY (Ribes californicum STRAGGLE GOOSEBERRY (Ribes divaricatum CANYON GOOSEBERRY (Ribes menziesii var. sericea subsp. occidentalis) Native Perennial - var. californicum) Native Perennial - Gooseberry var. pubiflorum) Native Perennial - Gooseberry menziesii) Native Perennial - Gooseberry Family Dogwood Family - (May–Jul) - Generally moist Family - (Feb–Mar) - Forest openings, woodland - Family - (Mar–May) - Uncommon. Coastal bluffs, - (Feb–Apr) - Common. Forest openings, places - Shrub 5-13' tall. Leaf blades gen 2-4" Shrub < 5' tall. Leaf blades 0.4-1.2" long, not forest edges - Shrub < 10' tall. Petals 0.04-0.08" chaparral - Shrub < 10', prickly. Leaves sticky long, rough-hairy below, veins in 4-7 pairs. Petals sticky. Sepals greenish, petals 0.12" long, white. long, white. Styles 0.2-0.3" long, hairy at base. below. Styles glabrous, anthers exserted, sepals white, 0.1-0.2" long. Bracts purplish. purplish. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - White Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 43

PACIFIC MADRONE (Arbutus menziesii) Native BRITTLE-LEAF MANZANITA (Arctostaphylos EASTWOOD MANZANITA (Arctostaphylos PALLID MANZANITA (Arctostaphylos pallida) Perennial - Heath Family - (Mar–May) - Conifer, crustacea subsp. crustacea) Native Perennial - glandulosa subsp. glandulosa) Native Perennial - Native Perennial - Heath Family - (Jan–Mar) - oak forests - Tree < 130' tall, evergreen, peeling Heath Family - (Feb–Apr) - Chaparral, conifer Heath Family - (Jan–Apr) - Chaparral, conifer Siliceous shales, slopes, ridges, chaparral - red bark. Leaf blades < 5" long. Flowers forest - Twigs bristly, leaf stalk 0.1-0.2", upper forest - Shrub 3-13' tall. Twigs w/gland-tipped Leaves clasping, smooth. Flower stalk and fruit yellow-white or pink, < 3.1" long. Berries red, < leaf surface shiny. hairs, leafy bracts, 0.1-0.2" leaf stalk, burl. Upper w/sticky hairs. Fed: THREATENED, Calif: 0.5" diam, round. leaf surface not shiny. ENDANGERED.

ENGLISH HOLLY (Ilex aquifolium) Naturalized BLUE ELDERBERRY (Sambucus nigra subsp. RED ELDERBERRY (Sambucus racemosa var. RIVER RED GUM (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) Perennial - Holly Family - (May-Jun) - Cool, caerulea) Native Perennial - Muskroot Family - racemosa) Native Perennial - Muskroot Family - Naturalized Perennial - Myrtle Family - (Apr–Jul) - wooded areas - Shrub or tree < 66' tall. Leaves (Mar–Sep) - Common. Streambanks, open (May-Jul) - Moist places - Shrub/tree 3-20' tall. Common. Disturbed areas - Tree to 80' tall. 1-2.4" long, edges smooth or w/spine-like teeth. places in forest - Shrub 7-26' tall. Flower cluster Leaflets 5-7, 1.6-6.3" long. Flower cluster Leaves 2-8" long, 0.6-1" wide. Flowers 5-10 in Flower petals ~0.1" long, dull white. Fruits red, flat-topped, 1.6-13" diam, petals spreading. Fruits dome-shaped, gen 6-12 cm diam, petals often simple , small, white; bud cap <0.25". ~0.3" wide, smooth. waxy blue-black. reflexed. Fruits red. INVASIVE. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - White Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 44

BLUE GUM (Eucalyptus globulus) Naturalized CHAMISE (Adenostoma fasciculatum var. SILVERLEAF COTONEASTER (Cotoneaster Perennial - Myrtle Family - (Oct–Jan) - Common. fasciculatum) Native Perennial - Rose Family - pannosus) Naturalized Perennial - Rose Family - Disturbed areas - Tree < 200' tall. Flowers single, (May–Jun) - Dry slopes, ridges, chaparral - Shrub (May–Jul) - Disturbed places, mixed-evergreen large, gen stemless. Leaves 4-12" long, 1-1.6" or small tree < 13' tall. Flowers cream to white. forest - Leaves 0.8-1.4" long, pointed tip, smooth wide; used medicinally by Aboriginals. INVASIVE Leaves narrow, shiny with flammable oils in warm above. Petals white, spreading. Fruit red. weed. weather. INVASIVE weed.

CHRISTMAS BERRY / TOYON (Heteromeles OCEANSPRAY (Holodiscus discolor var. OSO BERRY (Oemleria cerasiformis) Native PACIFIC NINEBARK (Physocarpus capitatus) arbutifolia) Native Perennial - Rose Family - discolor) Native Perennial - Rose Family - Perennial - Rose Family - (Feb–Apr) - Chaparral, Native Perennial - Rose Family - (May–Jul) - ((May)Jun–Aug) - Chaparral, oak woodland, (May–Aug) - Moist woodland edges, rocky slopes canyons, streambanks, lowland wet to dry open Moist banks, n-facing slopes, mixed-conifer forest mixed-evergreen forest - Shrub-tree < 33' tall, - Shrub 5-20' tall. Leaf blade 0.6-3.1" long, woodland, coast to shaded conifer forest - Shrub - Shrub 3.3-8'. Leaf blades gen < 4" wide, 3-5 evergreen. Leaf 2-4" long. Petals white, < 0.16" toothed at end. Flower cluster 0.8-10" long. 3-20'. Leaf 2-5" long. Flower cluster 1.2-4". Petals lobed. Petals white, ~0.1" long. Fruits reddish, long. Fruit bright red. Petals white, ~0.07" long. white, 0.12-0.24". 0.3-0.4" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - White Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 45

BITTER CHERRY (Prunus emarginata) Native SIERRA PLUM (Prunus subcordata) Native WOOLLY FIRETHORN (Pyracantha angustifolia) HIMALAYAN BLACKBERRY (Rubus Perennial - Rose Family - (Apr–Jun) - Rocky Perennial - Rose Family - (Mar–May) - Naturalized Perennial - Rose Family - (Feb–Jun) armeniacus) Naturalized Perennial - Rose Family slopes, canyons, chaparral, mixed-evergreen, Mixed-evergreen or conifer forest - Shrub < 10'. - Disturbed areas, fencerows, abandoned fields, - (Mar–Jun) - Common. Disturbed areas, conifer forest - Shrub/tree < 50'. Leaf: stem Leaf: stem 0.16-0.6", blade 1-2", elliptic to wide roadsides - Plant < 13', gray-hairy. Leaves roadsides - Shrub w/thorny 5-angled stem. 0.1-0.5", blade 0.6-2.4" long. Petals white, egg-shaped, base round heart-shaped, tip round. narrow, entire. Calyx and below leaves often Leaflets 3-5, white-hairy beneath. Blackberry-type 0.12-0.3" long. Fruit red to purple. Petals 0.2-0.4" long, white. woolly. INVASIVE. fruit. INVASIVE.

THIMBLEBERRY (Rubus parviflorus) Native CALIFORNIA BLACKBERRY (Rubus ursinus) COAST SILK TASSEL (Garrya elliptica) Native CALIFORNIA BUCKEYE (Aesculus californica) Perennial - Rose Family - (Mar–Aug) - Common; Native Perennial - Rose Family - (Mar–Jul) - Perennial - Silk Tassel Family - (Jan–Mar) - Native Perennial - Soapberry Family - (May–Jun) moist semi-shaded areas, esp edges of Open, disturbed areas - Stem round, Seacliffs, sand dunes, chaparral, foothill-pine - Dry slopes, canyons, borders of streams - Large woodland - Shrub 0.5-2 m tall, not prickly. Petals bristly/prickly. Leaves simple to 3 leaflets, woodland - Shrub or small tree, < 26' tall. Leaves shrub or tree 13-39' tall. 5-7 leaflets. Flowers 0.5-0.9" long, white. Leaves simple, 3-5 lobed. underside green. Plants unisexual. Petals wavy-margined, underside hairs felt-like, white to pale rose. Large seeds toxic but edible Raspberry-type fruit. 0.24-0.6" long, white. Blackberry-type fruit. interwoven. Fruit hairy. after leaching out saponins. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - White Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 46

COYOTE BRUSH (Baccharis pilularis subsp. SHINYLEAF OREGON-GRAPE (Berberis pinnata HOLLYLEAF REDBERRY (Rhamnus ilicifolia) WESTERN LEATHERWOOD (Dirca occidentalis) consanguinea) Native Perennial - Sunflower subsp. pinnata) Native Perennial - Barberry Native Perennial - Buckthorn Family - (Mar–Jun) - Native Perennial - Daphne Family - (Nov–Mar) - Family - (Jul–Dec) - Coastal bluffs, woodland, Family - (Feb–May) - Rocky slopes, conifer Chaparral, montane forest - Shrub < 13' tall, Gen n facing slopes, mixed-evergreen forest to grassland, disturbed sites, occ on serpentine - forest, oak woodland, chaparral - Shrub gen < 7'. evergreen w/stiff branches. Leaf blades 0.8-1.6" chaparral, gen fog belt - Shrub 3-10'. Flowers Shrub < 15' tall, brittle, common. Leaves gen Leaflets w/15-23 spiny teeth, spines < 0.1" long. long, toothed. Fruits 0.2-0.3" wide, red. yellow, 1-4 per group, open before/with leaves. 0.6-1.6" long. Flowers yellow. CNPS: Fairly ENDANGERED.

CALIFORNIA WILD GRAPE (Vitis californica) CALIFORNIA BAY (Umbellularia californica) BUSH MONKEYFLOWER (Mimulus aurantiacus BLACKWOOD ACACIA (Acacia melanoxylon) Native Perennial - Grape Family - (May–Jun) - Native Perennial - Laurel Family - (Nov–May) - var. aurantiacus) Native Perennial - Lopseed Naturalized Perennial - Pea Family - (Feb-Mar) - Streamsides, springs, canyons - Woody vine to Common. Canyons, valleys, chaparral - Tree < Family - (Mar–Jun) - Disturbed areas, coastal Uncommon. Disturbed areas - Tree < 100' tall. 33'+long. Leaves deciduous, heart-shaped to 150' tall. Leaf 1.2-4", 0.6-1.2" wide, aromatic. cliffs, canyon sides - Shrub 4-60". Flowers yellow, Leaves simple, 0.2-1.2" wide, 3-5 main veins. kidney-shaped. Fruit purple when mature, gen > Cluster of 5-10 small, yellow or yellow-green orange or red; 1-2.3" long; bract tube glabrous. Flowers pale yellow, 2-8 per head. INVASIVE 0.3" wide. flowers. Fruit 0.8-1" diam. weed. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - Yellow Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 47

FRENCH BROOM (Genista monspessulana) SPANISH BROOM (Spartium junceum) GOLDEN-YARROW (Eriophyllum confertiflorum MARSH GUMPLANT (Grindelia stricta var. Naturalized Perennial - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Naturalized Perennial - Pea Family - (Apr–Jun) - var. confertiflorum) Native Perennial - Sunflower angustifolia) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family Common. Disturbed places. - Shrub < 10' tall, Disturbed areas - Shrub, < 10' tall, gen leafless. Family - (Apr–Aug) - Many dry habitats - - (May–Dec) - Tidal wetlands - Plant 3.3-6.6' tall, evergreen. Stems 8-10 ridged, leafy. Flowers Leaves simple, very sparse. Flowers yellow, Shrubby, 8-28" tall. Leaves 0.4-2" long, deeply woody base, evergreen. Leaves 0.4-6" long, yellow, 4-10 at branch tips, banner 0.4-0.6" long. several at stem tips, 0.8-1.2" long. Fruits 2-4" 3-5 lobed. Flowers yellow; rays 4-6, 0.08-0.2" fleshy, not resinous. Flower rays yellow, 16-56, NOXIOUS. long. INVASIVE weed. long; head bracts 4-7. 0.5-0.7" long.

CALIFORNIA MATCHWEED (Gutierrezia ARROYO WILLOW (Salix lasiolepis) Native californica) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - Perennial - Willow Family - (Jan–Jun) - Common. (Jul–Nov) - Grassland, arid woodland and Shores, marshes, meadows, etc - Shrub-tree, shrubland, serpentine - Stem 8-40" long, woody bark smooth. Leaf-like stipules. Leaf egg-shaped, base. Leaf narrow, flat, <= 2" long. Ray flowers waxy below. Fruit smooth, bract persistent, dark, 4-13, 0.1-0.3" long. stamens 2. Decimal Inches

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1 .5 2 .5 3 .5 4 .5 5 .5 6 .5 7 .5 8 .5 9

1/8 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1/2 2 1/2 3 1/2 4 1/2 5 1/2 6 1/2 7 1/2 8 1/2 9 English Inches

Notes: