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Wild Plants of Tilden Regional Park Common Name Version

Wild Plants of Tilden Regional Park Common Name Version

Wild of Tilden Regional Park

Common Name Version

A Photographic Guide

Sorted by Form, Color and Family with Habitat Descriptions and Identification Notes

Photographs and text by Wilde Legard District Botanist, Regional Park District

New Revised and Expanded Edition - Includes the latest scientific names, habitat descriptions and identification notes Decimal Inches

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1 .5 2 .5 3 .5 4 .5 5 .5 6 .5 7 .5 8 .5 9

1/8 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1/2 2 1/2 3 1/2 4 1/2 5 1/2 6 1/2 7 1/2 8 1/2 9 English Inches

Notes:

A Photographic Guide to the Wild Plants of Tilden Regional Park

More than 2,000 of native and naturalized plants grow wild in the Area. Most are very difficult to identify without the help of good illustrations. This is designed to be a simple, color photo guide to help you identify some of these plants. This guide is published electronically in Adobe Acrobat® format so that it can easily be updated as additional photographs become available. You have permission to freely download, distribute and print this guide for individual use. Photographs are © 2014 Wilde Legard, all rights reserved.

In this guide, the included plants are sorted first by form ( & -like, Grasses & Grass-like, Herbaceous, Woody), then by most common flower color, and finally by similar looking flowers (grouped by within each family). Each photograph has the following information, separated by '-':

COMMON NAME According to The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of , Second Edition (JM2) and other references (not standardized). (Scientific Name) According to JM2 and eFlora (ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html). Origin & Longevity Native, Naturalized, or Waif (not reproducing without human care). Annual, Biennial, Perennial, or a combination. Family Name Common family name according to JM2, (Bloom date range) Period during the year when the blooms, according to JM2 and other sources. '-' if plant does not bloom (ie. Ferns). Habitat Habitat description according to JM2 and other sources. ID Characteristics Plant description with identification characteristics and other notes, based on multiple sources including: Annotated Checklist of the East Bay Flora, Second Edition (2013), JM2, Plants of the San Francisco Bay Region (Revised Edition), and Weeds of California and Other Western States. Additional notes Occasionally, an additional note may appear (ie. NOXIOUS weed, INVASIVE weed, Fed & Calif. ENDANGERED, etc.).

Revision: 3/2/2014 Fern-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Tilden Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 1

CALIFORNIA MAIDENHAIR (Adiantum jordanii) COFFEE FERN ( andromedifolia) Native GOLDENBACK FERN (Pentagramma triangularis WESTERN LADY FERN (Athyrium filix-femina Native Perennial - Brake Fern Family - - - Shaded Perennial - Brake Fern Family - - - Generally subsp. triangularis) Native Perennial - Brake Fern var. cyclosorum) Native Perennial - Cliff Fern hillsides, moist woodland - 8-28" long rocky or dry areas - Fronds 6-30" long, stem light Family - - - Gen shaded, sometimes rocky or Family - - - Woodland, along streams, seepage with many rounded symmetrical segments, each brown. segments blunt, 0.24-0.6" long, wooded areas - Leaves triangular, 1.2-4" long, area - Leaves gen 12-39" long, broadest near with < 4 irregular lobes. Cultivated. Sudden Oak 0.12-0.4" wide. undersides either granular green or powdery middle, 1-2 divided, ultimate divisions rounded. Death carrier. gold. Revision: 3/2/2014 Fern-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Tilden Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 2

COMMON HORSETAIL (Equisetum arvense) SMOOTH SCOURING RUSH (Equisetum POLYPODY FERN ( calirhiza) Native COASTAL WOOD FERN (Dryopteris arguta) Native Perennial - Horsetail Family - - - laevigatum) Native Perennial - Horsetail Family - Perennial - Polypody Family - - - On plants, rocky Native Perennial - Wood Fern Family - - - Locally Streambanks, wet meadows, springs, other wet, - - Moist, sandy or gravelly areas - Stems 1 kind cliffs or outcrops, roadcuts, often granitic or common. Open, wooded slopes, caves - Leaf shaded places - Sterile stems 4-24" tall, 6-14 only, 12-71" tall, unbranched. Sheath w/dark volcanic, rarely dunes - Leaf blades 4-8" long, 12-24” long,5-12” wide, divided 1-2 times. sheath teeth. Fertile stems 4-13" tall, 6-10 sheath band only at the top. often widest above base, deeply lobed. Segments generally with spine-tipped teeth. teeth.

WESTERN SWORD FERN (Polystichum COMMON ARROW-GRASS (Triglochin maritima) SOFT CHESS (Bromus hordeaceus) Naturalized RED BROME (Bromus madritensis subsp. munitum) Native Perennial - Wood Fern Family - Native Perennial - Arrow-grass Family - Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - Fields, rubens) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - - - Common. Wooded hillsides, shaded slopes, (Apr–Aug) - Coastal salt marshes, interior saline, disturbed areas - Plant 4-26” tall. Leaf hairy. (Mar–Jun) - Disturbed areas, roadsides - Plant rarely cliffs, outcrops - Fronds gen 20-48" long, brackish, alkaline marshes - Plant 16-43" tall, Flower cluster 1-5” long, dense, some stalks > 4-20". Flower cluster condensed, branches divided once. Segments usually separate, teeth dense-tufted. Leaves 4-32" long, 0.08-0.2" wide. spikelet. Spikelet 0.5-0.9”. Lemma 0.26-0.4”, awn obscure, < spikelets. Stem & sheathes hairy. point to tips, scaly rachis. Leaf ligule tip entire to notched. 0.16-0.4”. INVASIVE weed. INVASIVE weed. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Tilden Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 3

BIG SQUIRRELTAIL (Elymus multisetus) Native SLENDER WHEAT GRASS (Elymus BEARDLESS WILD RYE (Elymus triticoides) IDAHO FESCUE (Festuca idahoensis) Native Perennial - Grass Family - (May–Jul) - Open, trachycaulus subsp. trachycaulus) Native Native Perennial - Grass Family - ( Jun–Jul) - Dry Perennial - Grass Family - (Jul–Sep) - Dry, open sandy to rocky areas - Tufted. Stem 6-24" tall. Perennial - Grass Family - (Jun–Aug) - Dry to to moist, often saline, meadows - Plant 18-50” or shady places - Stem 12-40" tall, gen densely Leaf 0.06-0.2" wide. Spikelet 0.4-0.6" long. moist, open areas, forest, woodland - Tufted. tall, from . Flower cluster 2-8” long. clumped. Leaf sheath at least half open, smooth, Glume divisions needle-shaped, lemma awn 1-4" Stem 1-5' tall. Spikelet 0.4-0.8" long, 1 per node. Spikelets generally 2/node. Lemmas 3-7, 0.2-0.5” persistent. Spikelet 0.3-0.7" long, florets 3-9, awn long. Lemma awn < 0.3" long. long, awn to 0.12” long. 0.04-0.24" long.

COMMON VELVET GRASS (Holcus lanatus) CALIFORNIA MELIC (Melica californica) Native TORREY'S MELIC (Melica torreyana) Native ONE-SIDED BLUE GRASS (Poa secunda subsp. Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - (Jun–Aug) Perennial - Grass Family - (Apr–May) - Open or Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar–Jun) - , secunda) Native Perennial - Grass Family - - Moist sites, roadbanks, cult fields, meadows - rocky hillsides, oak woodland, conifer forest - conifer forest - Stem 12-40" tall. Leaf blade (Mar–Aug) - Common. Dry slopes to Plant 8-39" tall, very hairy. Glumes 0.12-0.24", Stem 16-55". Leaf 0.06-0.2" wide. Spiklet 0.2-0.6" 0.04-0.1" wide. Spikelet 0.14-0.28" long w/1-2 saline/alkaline meadows to alpine - Plant 6-40” purple; florets 0.12-0.16" w/hooked awn. long, w/3-7 fertile florets; sterile tip widest above florets; sterile tip widest above middle to 0.06", tall, densely tufted. Flower clusters congested. INVASIVE weed. middle, tip squared. short-hairy lemmas. Spikelets gen 0.3-0.4” long. Lemmas 0.16-0.2” long, backs rounded. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Tilden Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 4

TOAD RUSH (Juncus bufonius var. bufonius) SPREADING RUSH (Juncus patens) Native TALL NUTSEDGE (Cyperus eragrostis) Native GRAND HOUND'S TONGUE (Cynoglossum Native Annual - Rush Family - (May–Sep) - Damp Perennial - Rush Family - (Jun–Oct) - Marshy Perennial - Sedge Family - (May–Nov) - Vernal grande) Native Perennial - Borage Family - sunny ground, gen disturbed - Stem gen 1-4" tall, places, creeks, seeps - Plant 12-41" tall, densely pools, streambanks - Leaves basal. Flower (Feb–May) - Chaparral, woodland - Stem 1-3'. gen brached from base, ~0.04" wide. Flower tufted. Stems blue-gray-green & distinctly cluster bracts 4-8. Spikelets 0.2-0.8" long, Leaf stalk 3-6". Leaf blade 3-6" cm long, broadly cluster open. Flowers 0.16-0.3" long. grooved when fresh. 6. oblong, in heads to 1.6" wide. Seeds oval. Flowers bright blue w/inner white teeth. short-stalked.

BROADLEAVED FORGET-ME-NOT (Myosotis BABY BLUE-EYES ( menziesii var. CALIFORNIA PHACELIA (Phacelia californica) ITHURIEL'S SPEAR (Triteleia laxa) Native latifolia) Naturalized Perennial - Borage Family - menziesii) Native Annual - Borage Family - Native Perennial - Borage Family - (Mar–Sep) - Perennial - Brodiaea Family - (Apr–Jun) - (Feb–Jul) - Moist, disturbed, shady places - Stem (Feb–May) - Meadows, grassland, chaparral, Bluffs, open slopes, road cuts, chaparral, Common. Open forest, conifer or foothill < 28" long, base woody. Leaves to 0.8" wide. woodland, slopes - Plant 4-12". Lower leaves woodland - Plant tufted, stiff-hairy. Leaves gen woodland, grassland on clay soil - Flower stem Flowers light blue, 0.2-0.4" wide. INVASIVE w/6-13 lobes. Flowers bright blue w/white center, pinnate w/big terminal leaflet. Flowers 0.16-0.28" 4-28". Leaves 8-16", 0.16-1" wide. Flowers blue, weed. 0.2-1.6" wide. long, lavender. blue-purple or white, 0.7-1.9" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Tilden Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 5

PURPLE OWL'S-CLOVER (Castilleja exserta DWARF OWL'S CLOVER (Triphysaria pusilla) GIANT (Trillium chloropetalum) Native COAST LARKSPUR (Delphinium decorum subsp. exserta) Native Annual - Broom-rape Native Annual - Broom-rape Family - (Apr–Jun) - Perennial - Bunchflower Family - (Apr–May) - subsp. decorum) Native Perennial - Buttercup Family - (Mar–May) - Open fields, grassland - Grassland - Plant 2-8" tall, yellow-brown or Edges of redwood forest, chaparral, gen moist Family - (Mar–May) - Open coastal grassland, Plant sticky, short-hairy. Flower cluster tipped purple, hairy. Leaves 0.2-1.2" long, 3-9-lobed. slopes, canyon banks in alluvial soils - Flowers chaparral - Stems 3-14" tall. Leaves short-hairy white, pale yellow or rose. Flower upper lip Flowers purple (yellow), 0.16-0.28" long, in leaf dark purple to white, sessile. 2.6-4" long, under, with few-toothed lobes. Flowers few, dark hooked, fuzzy. axils. odor rose-like or spicy. blue-purple.

GREATER PERIWINKLE (Vinca major) RUBY CHALICE CLARKIA (Clarkia rubicunda) PANICLED / WEEDY WILLOWHERB (Epilobium HAIRY DOVE'S FOOT GERANIUM (Geranium Naturalized Perennial - Dogbane Family - Native Annual - Evening Primrose Family - brachycarpum) Native Annual - Evening Primrose molle) Naturalized Annual - Geranium Family - (Mar–Jun(Jan)) - Coastal bluffs, sheltered places, (May–Aug) - Openings in woodland, forest, Family - (Jun–Sep) - Common. Dry open or (Feb–Aug) - Open to shaded sites, disturbed esp along stream beds - Plant sprawling. Leaf chaparral near coast - Stem < 5' long. Buds erect. disturbed woodland, grassland, roadsides - Plant ground - Stem 4-17" tall. Petals red-purple, blade ~ 2.8" long, oval. Flower purple-blue, 1.2-2" Petals 0.4-1.2", rose w/red base. united. 8-79" tall, diffuse. Petals 2-15 mm long, white to 0.1-0.4" long, notched. Sepals awnless. Fruit wide at top. INVASIVE weed. Stigma > anthers. rose-purple. smooth, wrinkled. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Tilden Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 6

HERB ROBERT (Geranium robertianum) DOUGLAS IRIS (Iris douglasiana) Native COMMON CHECKERBLOOM (Sidalcea RED MAIDS (Calandrinia ciliata) Native Annual - Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Geranium Family - Perennial - Iris Family - (May–Jul) - Common. malviflora subsp. malviflora) Native Perennial - Miner's Lettuce Family - (Feb–May) - Common. (Apr–Sep) - Open to shaded sites - Stem 4-20" Grassy places, esp near coast - Stem 6-20" tall. Mallow Family - (Mar–Jul) - Coastal prairie, Sandy to loamy soil, grassy areas, cult fields - long. Leaflets in 3s, deeply lobed. Petals pink to Leaves 0.4-0.9" wide. Perianth tube 0.04-0.12" scrub, open forest - Plant 6-24" tall. Middle Petals 0.2-0.6" long, bright pink to red, red-purple, 0.4-0.55" long. long, petals 0.6-1.2" wide, stigmas triangular. leaves not linear-lobed. Petals 0.4-1" long, pink to round-tipped. Fruit < 0.1" longer than bracts. NOXIOUS weed. rose, gen white veined.

COYOTE-MINT (Monardella villosa subsp. THYMELEAF BEARDSTYLE (Pogogyne STARFLOWER (Trientalis latifolia) Native PACIFIC PEA (Lathyrus vestitus var. vestitus) villosa) Native Perennial - Mint Family - serpylloides) Native Annual - Mint Family - Perennial - Myrsine Family - (Apr–Jul) - Shaded Native Perennial - Pea Family - (Feb–Jul) - North: (May–Aug) - Dry rocky slopes, oak woods, (Mar–Jun) - Grassy, brushy areas - Plant places, esp woodland - Stem 2-12". Leaves Conifer forest. South: chaparral & oak woodland - chaparral - Plant < 20" tall. Leaves ovate, inconspicuous. Stem 1-8" long, low-growing. 1-3.5" long, 0.4-2" wide, egg-shaped; stem Stem wings to 0.02" wide. Leaves gen elliptic. 0.4-0.9" mm long. Flower head 0.4-1.2" wide. Flowers 0.1-0.2" long, lavender, in dense leaves in 1 whorl near stem tip. Flower gen pink Flowers 0.5-0.7" long, pale lavender to purple. Flowers pink to purple. clusters. to rose, 0.3-0.6" wide. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Tilden Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 7

SUMMER LUPINE (Lupinus formosus var. TOMCAT CLOVER (Trifolium willdenovii) Native NARROW-LEAVED VETCH (Vicia sativa subsp. SPARSELY HAIRY VETCH (Vicia villosa subsp. formosus) Native Perennial - Pea Family - Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. nigra) Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - varia) Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Pea Family - (Apr–Sep) - Dry clay soils, grassland, open areas Disturbed, gen spring-moist, heavy soils, occas (Mar–Jun) - Roadsides, disturbed areas, (Mar–Jun) - Grassland, roadside, disturbed areas under pines, gen in valleys - Plant 8-32", low serpentine - Head bract wheel-shaped, grassland, open areas in oak and riparian - Stems w/few hairs. Flowers 10-20, blue-purple growing. Leaves hairy. Flowers purple, hairless, sharp-lobed. Leaf narrow. Flowers purple w/white woodlands - Flowers 1-2 at leaf bases, to white, 0.4-0.55" long. Lower bract lobes summer/fall blooming. tip, 0.3-0.6" long. pink-purple to white, 0.4-0.7" long. Leaflets 0.04-0.1" long. 0.2-0.3" wide.

PURPLESPOT GILIA (Gilia clivorum) Native SKUNKWEED (Navarretia squarrosa) Native RED SAND-SPURRY (Spergularia rubra) CHINESE-HOUSES (Collinsia heterophylla var. Annual - Phlox Family - (Feb–Jun) - Common. Annual - Phlox Family - (Jun–Aug) - Common. Naturalized Annual-Perennial - Pink Family - heterophylla) Native Annual - Plantain Family - Open, grassy areas - Stem 2-12" tall, hairy, Open, wet, gravelly flats, slopes - Plant 4-24" tall, (Spring–fall) - Forest, meadows, mud flats, (Mar–Jun) - Shady places in chaparral, open branched. Leaves narrowly linear-lobed. Flowers sticky, with skunk-like odor. Flowers 0.35-0.47" disturbed - Plant 1.6-10". Leaf non-fleshy, whorls mixed woodland, oak woodland - Plant 4-20" tall. 0.25-0.3" long, tube yellow, purple-spotted. long, dark blue; lobes 0.08" long. w/large white bracts. Petals pink. Stamens 6-10. Flowers 0.6-0.8" long, upper lip whitish. Flowering stem sticky. Sepals < 0.16". Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Tilden Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 8

CALIFORNIA ACAENA (Acaena pinnatifida var. CHICORY (Cichorium intybus) Naturalized ARTICHOKE THISTLE (Cynara cardunculus COMMON CALIFORNIA WILD ASTER californica) Native Perennial - Rose Family - Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Oct) - subsp. flavescens) Naturalized Perennial - (Symphyotrichum chilense) Native Perennial - (Mar–May) - Coastal grassland, open, rocky Common. Roadsides, disturbed places - Plants Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jul) - Disturbed places - Sunflower Family - (Jun–Oct) - Grassland, salt slopes - Stem 4-24" long. Flowers with no petals 16-78" tall. Stems leafless. Leaves Plant 1.6-8' tall. Artichoke head 1.6-6" diam, marshes, disturbed places - Plant 16-39", partly and purple-black stamens. Leaves finely divided. dandelion-like. Flowers pale blue, 0.8-1.6" wide. spine-tipped. Flowers blue or purple, 1.2-2" long. hairy. Leaf 1.6-6", 0.2-1.2" wide. Rays violet, Roots roasted as coffee substitute. NOXIOUS weed. 0.3-0.5" long.

PURPLE SALSIFY ( porrifolius) FULLER'S TEASEL (Dipsacus sativus) ROBUST VERVAIN (Verbena lasiostachys var. FIDDLE DOCK (Rumex pulcher) Naturalized Naturalized Biennial-Perennial - Sunflower Family Naturalized Biennial - Teasel Family - (May–Jul) - scabrida) Native Perennial - Vervain Family - Perennial - Buckwheat Family - (May–Sep) - - (Mar–Nov) - Common. Disturbed places - Plant Disturbed areas, fields, vacant lots, pastures - (May–Sep) - Open, dry to wet places - Plant Disturbed places, meadows, moist or dry habitats 16-39" tall, milky sap. Leaves 0.8-1.6" long, very Plant gen < 6' tall. Leaf pairs fused around stem. 14-32" tall. Leaves green, narrow, 3-lobed, - Stem 8-24" long, branches widely spreading. narrow, waxy blue. Flowers purple. Flower cluster lavender, 5-10 cm long, bracts stiff-haired above. Flowers blue to purple on long Leaf blades 1.6-4" long, 1.2-2" wide. Valves spreading. INVASIVE weed. stalk. w/2-5 teeth. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Tilden Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 9

WOOLLY FRUITED DESERTPARSLEY CHECKER LILY (Fritillaria affinis) Native PYGMY WEED (Crassula connata) Native MUGWORT (Artemisia douglasiana) Native ( dasycarpum subsp. dasycarpum) Perennial - Lily Family - (Mar–Jun) - Common. Annual - Stonecrop Family - (Feb–May) - Open Perennial - Sunflower Family - (May–Nov) - Native Perennial - Family - (Mar–Jun) - Oak or pine scrub, grassland - Stem 4-47" tall. areas - Plants 0.8-2.4"+ tall, red in age. Flowers < Common. Open to shady areas, often in Rocky (gen serpentine), chaparral, woodland - Leaves 1.6-6.3" long, whorled below. Petals 0.1" long, 2 per node; Sepals 4, pointed end. drainages - Plant 20-60" tall. Leaves gen 0.4-4" Plant 4-20", short-hairy. Flowers greenish-white, mottled brown-purple and yellow-green, 0.4-1.6" Petals generally < sepals. long, densely hairy below, some 3-5 lobed. petals and fruit hairy. long. Flower bracts hairy.

SPINY COCKLEBUR (Xanthium spinosum) COMMON INDIAN PAINTBRUSH (Castilleja CRIMSON COLUMBINE (Aquilegia formosa) CALIFORNIA (Epilobium canum Native Annual - Sunflower Family - (Jul–Oct) - affinis subsp. affinis) Native Perennial - Native Perennial - Buttercup Family - (Apr–Sep) - subsp. canum) Native Perennial - Evening Disturbed, seasonally wet, often alkaline sites, in Broom-rape Family - (Mar–Jun) - Chaparral, Streambanks, seeps, moist places, chaparral, Primrose Family - (Jun–Dec) - Dry slopes, ridges grassland, marshes, watercourses - Plant 4-24". coastal scrub - Plants 6-24" tall, gen bristly, oak woodland, mixed-evergreen or conifer forests - Plant hairy, gen sticky with a woody base. Leaf Stem node spines 0.6-1.2" long, golden, gen non-sticky. Leaves 1-3", lance-shaped, 0-5 lobes. - Flowers about 2" long, yellow with red sepals & 0.3-2.8" long, gray to green. Flowers red-orange, 3-lobed. Bur 0.4-0.5" long. Flower cluster open, red to orange-red. spurs. floral tube 0.8-1.2" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Red/Orange Wild Plants of Tilden Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 10

SCARLET PIMPERNEL (Anagallis arvensis) VENUS THISTLE (Cirsium occidentale var. SEASIDE HELIOTROPE (Heliotropium VARIABLE-LEAF NEMOPHILA (Nemophila Naturalized Annual - Myrsine Family - (Mar–May) venustum) Native Biennial - Sunflower Family - curassavicum var. oculatum) Native Perennial - heterophylla) Native Annual - Borage Family - - Common. Disturbed places, ocean beaches - (May–Jul) - Disturbed areas, grassland, Borage Family - (Feb–Oct) - Moist to dry, saline (Feb–Jun) - Common. Forest, chaparral, Plants 2-16" tall. Flowers 0.2-0.3" long, salmon or woodland - Plant 1.6-9.8' tall. Head bract cluster to alkaline soils, gen near water - Plant fleshy. roadsides, streambanks - Flower 0.1-0.4" long, occasionally blue. Leaves TOXIC, can cause 0.6-2" tall, 0.6-3" diam. Flowers gen bright Leaf 0.4-2.4 cm long. Flowers white w/ yellow unspotted, bract appendages < 0.04" long in fruit. dermititis. red-pink to red, 0.9-1.4" long. center, 0.12-0.2" long.

ROCK PHACELIA (Phacelia imbricata subsp. RUSTY POPCORNFLOWER (Plagiobothrys EAR-SHAPED WILD BUCKWHEAT (Eriogonum KNOTWEED (Polygonum aviculare subsp. imbricata) Native Perennial - Borage Family - nothofulvus) Native Annual - Borage Family - nudum var. auriculatum) Native Perennial - depressum) Naturalized Annual - Buckwheat (Apr–Jul) - Slopes, roadsides, flats, canyons, (Mar–May) - Common; open woodland, grassland Buckwheat Family - (May–Oct) - Common. Sand Family - (May–Nov) - Disturbed places - Stem chaparral, woodland - Plant 8-47", tufted. Leaf - Plant 8-28" tall, red-purple sap. Flower or gravel - Plant 5-15 dm. Leaves on stem, 4-20", mat-forming. Flowers 2-8/leaf axil, ~0.1" segments 7-15. Flowers 0.2-0.3", white. Flower 0.16-0.35" wide, white. Seed often only 1, curled. Inflor smooth. Flowers white to pink, long, fused 1/2 length, w/white or pink margins. bracts often sticky. horizontal. smooth. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Tilden Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 11

COMMON STAR LILY (Toxicoscordion fremontii) STARRY FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL WATER (Oenanthe sarmentosa) SWEET- () Native Native Perennial - Bunchflower Family - ( stellatum) Native Perennial - Native Perennial - Carrot Family - (Jun–Oct) - Perennial - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jul) - Conifer (Feb–Jun) - Grassy or wooded slopes, outcrops - Butcher's Broom Family - (Apr–Jun) - Moist Streams, marshes, ponds, gen aquatic - Plant forest, woodland, disturbed areas - Plant 12-47". Stem 16-35" tall. Flower cluster branched or woodland, streambanks, open slopes - Stem 20-60" tall. Young shoots curled, tendril-like. Leaflets in 3s, serrate to irreg lobed. Flower unbranched. Petals 6, white to yellowish, 0.2-0.6" 12-28" long. Leaf 2-7" long. Flowers 5-15/cluster. Leaves twice-pinnate, leaflets alike, broad, white. Fruit 0.5-1", upward pointing barbs, long, > stamens. Petals white, 0.16-0.28" long. serrate to lobed. Flowers white. splitting apart below.

VENUS' NEEDLE (Scandix pecten-veneris) WAVYLEAF SOAP PLANT (Chlorogalum COAST MAN-ROOT (Marah oregana) Native OAKLAND STAR-TULIP (Calochortus Naturalized Annual - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jun) - pomeridianum var. pomeridianum) Native Perennial - Gourd Family - (Mar–May) - Shrubby umbellatus) Native Perennial - Lily Family - Grassy slopes, roadsides - Plant 6-20" tall. Leaf Perennial - Century Plant Family - (May–Aug) - or open areas, forest edges - 3-20' long. (Mar–May) - Open chaparral or woodland, gen on segments finely divided, linear. Flowers white, Common. Open grassland, chaparral, woodland - Leaves deeply lobed. Flowers white, deep serpentine - Stem 3-10". Petals white or pink, outer petals larger. Fruit 0.2-1" long with a beak Plant 1-8' tall, flowers at night. Bulb juices lather cup-shaped, > 0.3" wide. Fruit smooth at end. 0.5-0.7" long, square tip, purple-spotted base. 0.8-2.8" long. in water. CNPS: FAIRLY ENDANGERED. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Tilden Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 12

GOOSE GRASS (Galium aparine) Native Annual COMMON HOREHOUND (Marrubium vulgare) SHEPHERD'S PURSE (Capsella bursa-pastoris) MILK MAIDS (Cardamine californica) Native - Madder Family - (Apr–Jun) - Grassy, ± shady Naturalized Perennial - Mint Family - (Mar–Nov) - Naturalized Annual - Mustard Family - (Jan–Oct) Perennial - Mustard Family - (Jan–May) - Gen places - Stem 12-35" long, weak, brittle. Leaves Disturbed sites, gen overgrazed pastures - Stem - Disturbed areas - Stem 4-20" long. Basal leaves shaded sites, canyons, woodland. One of first 0.5-1.6" long, in whorls of 6-8. Flowers white, 4-24" long. Leaf blades 0.6-2.2" long. Flower 1.2-2.4" long, dandelion-like. Petals white, spring flowers - Stem 10-24" long. Leaves lobed 4-lobed. Fruits covered w/short, hooked hairs. bract w/10 hook-tipped teeth. Flowers white, 0.08-0.16" long. Fruits 0.16-0.35" long, flat, to compound w/sharp teeth. Petals white or pale ~0.2" long. INVASIVE. heart-shaped. rose, 0.3-0.5" long.

WESTERN BITTER-CRESS (Cardamine THREE CORNERED LEEK (Allium triquetrum) CALIFORNIA TEA (Rupertia physodes) Native WHITE CLOVER (Trifolium repens) Naturalized oligosperma) Native Annual - Mustard Family - Naturalized Perennial - Onion or Garlic Family - Perennial - Pea Family - (May–Sep) - Woodland - Perennial - Pea Family - (Feb–Dec) - Disturbed (Mar–Jul) - Wet meadows, shady banks, damp (Mar–Apr) - Locally common. Shady ± disturbed Stem ~1.6'. Leaflets 3, triangular to areas - Stem creeping. Leaflets 0.2-1" long, oval, areas - Plants < 16". Leaves divided into 5-9 places - Stem 4-16", sharply 3-angled. Flowers lance-shaped, 1.4-2.8" long, sticky. Flower bracts wider at tip end. Flower cluster 0.4-1" wide. leaflets. Flowers white, 0.1-0.2" long. Fruit < 0.1" white, 3-15, 0.4-0.7" long, nodding. Escaped not hairy, lobes =. Flowers white or yellow, Flowers white, 0.28-0.43" long, becoming wide. ornamentals. banner 0.4-0.55" long. reflexed. No head bract. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Tilden Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 13

COMMON CHICKWEED (Stellaria media) CREAM CUPS (Platystemon californicus) Native SMALL-FLOWER ALUMROOT (Heuchera WOODLAND STAR (Lithophragma affine) Native Naturalized Annual - Pink Family - (Feb–Sep) - Annual - Poppy Family - (Mar–May) - Open micrantha) Native Perennial - Saxifrage Family - Perennial - Saxifrage Family - (Mar–Apr) - Open, Oak woodland, meadows, disturbed areas - Plant grassland, sandy soil, burns - Plant 1.2-12" tall, (Apr–Jul) - Moist, rocky banks and cliffs - Plant grassy slopes - Plant 4-24" tall. Leaves w/3-5 2.8-20" tall. Stem w/line of hairs on 1 side. Sepals shaggy-hairy. Leaves 0.4-3.5" long, narrow. 4-40" tall. Leaf blade 0.8-4.7" long, 5-7 lobed, sharp-toothed shallow lobes, stem leaves 0.12-0.18" long. Petals white, 2-lobed, 0.7-0.9x Flowers solitary. Stamens > 12. Petals 6, gen generally hairy. Petals white, ~ 0.1" long. alternate. Petals 0.2-0.5" long, white. Hypanthium sepals. cream with yellow base. funnel-shaped.

CALIFORNIA SAXIFRAGE (Micranthes FRINGE CUPS (Tellima grandiflora) Native ENGLISH DAISY (Bellis perennis) Naturalized HAYFIELD TARWEED ( californica) Native Perennial - Saxifrage Family - Perennial - Saxifrage Family - (Apr–Jul) - Moist Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Dec–Sep) - subsp. luzulifolia) Native Perennial - Sunflower (Feb–May(Jun)) - Moist, shady places - Plant slopes - Plan 16-39" tall, hairy. Flower cluster Damp, grassy areas - Herbaceous lawn weed. Family - (Mar–Dec) - Disturbed, open, or grassy 6-14" tall. Leaves 1.6-4" long, at base, unbranched. Petals green-white to rose or red, Leaves 0.8-4" long, spoon-shaped. Ray flowers sites, often clayey soils, serpentine - Plant 2-32" egg-shaped, >= 0.08" wide, toothed. Petals 0.12-0.28" long, falling early. Stamens 10. white, 0.3-0.4" long, narrow. Disk flowers yellow, tall. Flowers white, rays 0.2-0.5" long; head bract white, 0.1-0.18" long. Hypanthium bell-shaped. ~ 0.1" long. tips < body. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Tilden Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 14

SCENTED WHITE EVERLASTING CALIFORNIA EVERLASTING FOOTHILL MEADOW-RUE (Thalictrum fendleri (Foeniculum vulgare) Naturalized (Pseudognaphalium beneolens) Native Biennial - (Pseudognaphalium californicum) Native Biennial var. polycarpum) Native Perennial - Buttercup Perennial - Carrot Family - (May–Sep) - Sunflower Family - (Jun–Oct) - Dry, open slopes, - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jul) - Sandy canyons, Family - (Mar–Jun) - Moist, open to shaded Roadsides, disturbed sites - Plants 3-6.5' tall, disturbed sites - Leaves narrow, woolly. Heads dry hills, coastal chaparral - Stem 8-51" tall. places, woodland, forest - Plant 2-6'+ tall, male or -scented. Stems waxy-blue, canelike. white, 0.2-0.24" long. Leaves green + glandular on both sides. Heads female. Leaf 1-4x divided, 3-18" long, segments Flowers yellow. Leaf segments thread-like, edible white, spheric, 0.2-0.24" long. 0.3-0.8" long. No petals. when young. INVASIVE weed.

PACIFIC WOODLAND SANICLE (Sanicula CLIMBING BEDSTRAW (Galium porrigens var. ERECT-POD WINTER CRESS (Barbarea SHORTPOD MUSTARD (Hirschfeldia incana) crassicaulis) Native Perennial - Carrot Family - porrigens) Native Perennial - Madder Family - orthoceras) Native Perennial - Mustard Family - Naturalized Biennial-Perennial - Mustard Family - (Mar–May) - Open slopes, ravines, woodland - (May–Aug) - Among in chaparral, forest - (Mar–Jul) - Meadows, streambanks, moist (Apr–Oct) - Disturbed areas - Stem 16-60". Plants stout, 9-47". Leaves 1-5" across with 3-5 Stem 4-59" long. Leaves 0.1-0.7" long, oval to woodland, grassland - Stem 8-24". Lower leaves Longest leaves 1.6-4" long, dense-hairy. Petals deep, palmate lobes and serrate edges. Flowers egg-shaped, in whorls of 4. Flowers yellow to red, w/large terminal lobe, upper clasping stem. pale yellow, ~0.2" long. Fruit appressed. yellow. 4-lobed. Petals bright yellow, 0.2-0.3" long. Fall-blooming. INVASIVE. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Tilden Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 15

HEDGE MUSTARD (Sisymbrium officinale) COLCHITA (Acmispon brachycarpus) Native CALIFORNIA LOTUS (Acmispon wrangelianus) SOURCLOVER (Melilotus indicus) Naturalized Naturalized Annual - Mustard Family - (Apr–Sep) Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. Native Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Annual-Biennial - Pea Family - (Apr–Oct) - Open, - Disturbed areas, fields, pastures - Stem 10-22" Grassland, oak and pine woodland, desert flats Abundant. Coastal bluffs, chaparral, disturbed disturbed areas - Stem 4-24" long. Leaflets 3, tall, thin, wiry. Petals 0.1-0.16" long, pale yellow. and mtns, roadsides - Soft, densely hairy, < 16" areas - Low growing. Flowers yellow aging red, 0.4-1" long. Flowers yellow, ~0.1" long. Fruit 0.4-0.55" long, awl-shaped, appressed. tall. Flower yellow, almost stemless, bract lobes 0.2-0.4" long, almost stemless. Bract lobes same 1-2x flower tube. length as flower tube.

BROADLEAF STONECROP (Sedum BLOW WIVES (Achyrachaena mollis) Native SEASIDE DANDELION (Agoseris apargioides YELLOW STAR-THISTLE (Centaurea solstitialis) spathulifolium) Native Perennial - Stonecrop Annual - Sunflower Family - (Mar–Jun) - var. apargioides) Native Perennial - Sunflower Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - Family - (Apr–Aug) - Outcrops, often in shade - Common. Grassy sites, often clay soils - Plant Family - (Apr–May) - Coastal dunes, sand hills - (May–Oct) - Invasive, roadsides, disturbed Plant mat-forming. Basal leaves spoon-shaped, 2-24" tall, soft-hairy. Flowers yellow turning red, Plant 4-18". Leaf blades narrow, deeply lobed. grassland or woodland - Plant 4-39" tall. Leaves forming persistent rosettes. Petals ~0.3" long, 0.1-0.5" wide, extend < 0.1" beyond green Flowers extend well beyond bracts, seed beak < woolly, extend down the stem. Flower bract yellow. bracts. Showy, flat scales attached to seeds. 2x body length. spines 0.4-1" long. NOXIOUS weed. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Tilden Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 16

GERMAN IVY (Delairea odorata) Naturalized GREAT VALLEY GUMPLANT (Grindelia DIABLO HELIANTHELLA () BOLANDER GOLDENASTER (Heterotheca Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Nov–Mar) - camporum) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jun) - sessiliflora subsp. bolanderi) Native Perennial - Shady, ± disturbed places, riparian woodland, (May–Nov) - Sandy or saline bottomland, Open, grassy sites - Stem 4-20" tall. Leaves w/ 1 Sunflower Family - (Jun–Sep) - Dunes, coastal scrub - Vine stem 3-20' long. Heads ~ 20 roadsides - Stem non-woody, 2-8' tall, whitish. pair of veins more distinct. Outer head bracts headlands, grassy coastal slopes - Plant gen per cluster. Disk flowers bright yellow. NOXIOUS Leaves gen resinous. Head to 1.2" wide, bracts leaf-like, curl around head. CNPS: FAIRLY 8-28", unbranched. Leaves wide, soft-hairy. weed. bend downward. ENDANGERED. Heads clustered, rays 0.3-0.6".

PRICKLY LETTUCE (Lactuca serriola) COAST TARWEED ( sativa) Native Annual CALIFORNIA GOLDENROD (Solidago velutina COMMON DANDELION (Taraxacum officinale) Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - - Sunflower Family - (May–Oct) - Grassy, open, subsp. californica) Native Perennial - Sunflower Naturalized Biennial-Perennial - Sunflower Family (May–Oct) - Abundant. Disturbed places - Stem or disturbed sites - Plant 3.5-10 dm, hairy, all Family - (May–Nov) - Woodland margins, - (All year) - Abundant. Esp disturbed areas - 1.6-10' tall, prickly-bristly. Leaves deeply-lobed, glandular. Leaf 0.8-7.1" long, 0.1-0.7" wide. Rays grassland, disturbed soils - Stem 8-60" tall. Gen Stem hollow. Leaves bright green with sharp midvein and edges prickly-bristly. Flowers pale green-yellow, 8-13, 0.06-0.16" long. Head bracts densely short-soft-hairy. Flower cluster height down-pointing lobes. Outer head bracts reflexed. yellow, 0.16-0.2" wide. 0.24-0.6" tall. 2-4x width. Fruit ~ brown. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Tilden Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 17

FALSE HAWKBIT ( picroides) NARROW-LEAVED MULE'S EARS (Wyethia GRAY MULE'S EARS (Wyethia helenioides) RED-FLOWERING CURRANT ( Naturalized Annual-Perennial - Sunflower Family angustifolia) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - sanguineum var. glutinosum) Native Perennial - - (Apr–Jul) - Uncommon. Disturbed places - Stem - (Apr–Aug) - Grassland - Plant 4-35" tall, (Mar–May(Aug)) - Open grassland, woodland, Gooseberry Family - (Feb–Apr) - Many habitats - 4-16"+ tall, long-hairy. Leaves clasping the stem. rough-hairy. Leaves narrow, veins all similar, scrub - Plant 8-28" tall, densely woolly, often < 13' tall, no prickles. Sepals pink to white. Flowers yellow. Style base swollen as thick as base blades 4-20" long. Ray flowers 0.6-1.8" becoming smooth. Some woolly hairs remain on Petals white to red, ~0.1" long. Styles smooth. the seed. long. leaf stalks and floral bracts.

HAIRY VINE HONEYSUCKLE (Lonicera SNOWBERRY (Symphoricarpos albus var. CREEPING SNOWBERRY (Symphoricarpos BLACK SAGE (Salvia mellifera) Native Perennial hispidula) Native Perennial - Honeysuckle Family laevigatus) Native Perennial - Honeysuckle mollis) Native Perennial - Honeysuckle Family - - Mint Family - (Mar–Jun) - Coastal-sage scrub, - (May–Jun) - Canyons, streamsides, woodland - Family - (May–Jul) - Shady woodland, (Apr–May) - Ridges, slopes, open places in lower chaparral - Shrub 3.3-6' tall. Leaf 1-2.8" Shrub sprawling-climbing, 6-10' long, short-hairy. streambanks, N. slopes - Shrub 20-71" tall. woodland - Shrub 6-24" tall, sprawling. Flowers < long, toothed, hairy underneath. Flowers blue, Flower cluster densely sticky. Flowers pink, Flowers > 8/cluster, pink, 0.16-0.24" long, 8/cluster, pink + often red outside, 0.16" long, white or lavender, tube 0.2-0.4" long, in clusters 0.5-0.6" long, sticky-hairy. bell-shaped, swollen on 1 side. bell-shaped, symetrical. 0.6-1.6" wide. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Tilden Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 18

BLUE WITCH (Solanum umbelliferum) Native BUSH LUPINE (Lupinus albifrons var. albifrons) CALIFORNIA ROSE (Rosa californica) Native WOOD ROSE (Rosa gymnocarpa var. Perennial - Nightshade Family - (All year) - Native Perennial - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Perennial - Rose Family - (Feb–Nov) - Gen ± gymnocarpa) Native Perennial - Rose Family - Shrubland, mixed-evergreen forest, woodland - Common. Chaparral, foothill woodland - Shrub moist areas in sun, esp streambanks - Shrub ((Feb)Apr–Jul) - Common. Gen in shade of Plant gen < 39", upper stem hairs branched, 2-16' tall, gen distinct trunk, green to silvery. 2.6-8.2' tall w/thick curved spines, forming forest, scrub - Shrub w/straight thorns. Flowers dense. Flowers 0.6-1" wide, purple, with green Flowers 0.35-0.6" long, purple, banner back thickets. Petals pink, 0.6-1" long; sepals unlobed. gen solitary, stalks sticky, fruit smooth, sepals spots at the base. hairy, keel top ciliate mid to tip. deciduous.

WHITE ALDER (Alnus rhombifolia) Native CALIFORNIA HAZELNUT (Corylus cornuta CALIFORNIA COFFEE (Frangula MONTEREY PINE (Pinus radiata) Native Perennial - Birch Family - (Apr–Jun) - Along subsp. californica) Native Perennial - Birch californica subsp. californica) Native Perennial - Perennial - Pine Family - - - Closed-cone-pine permanent streams - Tree. Leaves flat, not rusty Family - (Jan–Mar) - Common. Many habitats, Buckthorn Family - (May–Jul) - Coastal-sage forest, oak woodland - Tree < 125' tall. Mature underneath, margins serrate, not rolled under. esp moist, shady places - Shrub, small tree < 13' scrub, chaparral, forest, woodland - Shrub < 16' bark black, deep-grooved. Needles 3 per bundle, Female flowers cone-like. Wood used for tall. Leaf velvetry-hairy. Fruits 0.8-1.2" long in tall. Flowers greenish. Leaves smooth beneath. 2.4-5.9" long. Seed cone 2.4-6" long, asymmetric, furniture and for smoking meats. papery bracts, 1-2/group. opening 2nd year. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Tilden Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 19

BIG-LEAF MAPLE (Acer macrophyllum) Native BOX ELDER (Acer negundo) Native Perennial - CALIFORNIA SAGEBRUSH (Artemisia N. CALIFORNIA BLACK WALNUT (Juglans Perennial - Soapberry Family - (Mar–Jun) - Soapberry Family - (Mar–Apr) - Streamsides, californica) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - hindsii) Native Perennial - Walnut Family - Common. Streambanks, canyons - Tree < 100'. bottomland. - Tree < 66' tall. Leaflets in 3s. Group (Aug–Nov) - Coastal scrub, chaparral, open (Apr–May) - Along streams, disturbed slopes - Leaves 5-lobed, 3-6" long, 4-10" wide. Group of of 10-250 hanging flowers appear with leaves. woodland - Shrub 2-8.5' tall, rounded. Leaves Tree 20-75'. Leaflets 13-21, 3-5". Fruit 1.4-2" 20-90 hanging flowers appear after leaves. Winged fruits. Widely planted ornamental. 0.4-4", hairy, thread-like, lt green to gray. Flower wide. CNPS: SERIOUSLY ENDANGERED Winged seeds. heads < 5 mm wide. Sage-scented. (unplanted).

FUCHSIA-FLOWERED GOOSEBERRY (Ribes CHAPARRAL (Clematis lasiantha) WESTERN AMERICAN DOGWOOD (Cornus HILLSIDE GOOSEBERRY (Ribes californicum speciosum) Native Perennial - Gooseberry Native Perennial - Buttercup Family - (Jan–Jun) - sericea subsp. occidentalis) Native Perennial - var. californicum) Native Perennial - Gooseberry Family - (Jan–May) - Coastal-sage scrub, Hillsides, chaparral, open woodland - Woody Dogwood Family - (May–Jul) - Generally moist Family - (Feb–Mar) - Forest openings, woodland - chaparral - Shrub < 26.6' tall. Stem bristly with 3 vine. Leaflets 3-5, +-3-lobed. Flowers gen 1, in places - Shrub 5-13' tall. Leaf blades gen 2-4" Shrub < 5' tall. Leaf blades 0.4-1.2" long, not spines/node. Flowers 4-5 mm long, red with 4 spring; sepals white to cream, 0.4-0.8" long. long, rough-hairy below, veins in 4-7 pairs. Petals sticky. Sepals greenish, petals 0.12" long, white. erect sepals. white, 0.1-0.2" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - White Wild Plants of Tilden Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 20

STRAGGLE GOOSEBERRY (Ribes divaricatum CANYON GOOSEBERRY (Ribes menziesii var. PACIFIC MADRONE (Arbutus menziesii) Native BRITTLE-LEAF MANZANITA (Arctostaphylos var. pubiflorum) Native Perennial - Gooseberry menziesii) Native Perennial - Gooseberry Family Perennial - Heath Family - (Mar–May) - Conifer, crustacea subsp. crustacea) Native Perennial - Family - (Mar–May) - Uncommon. Coastal bluffs, - (Feb–Apr) - Common. Forest openings, oak forests - Tree < 130' tall, evergreen, peeling Heath Family - (Feb–Apr) - Chaparral, conifer forest edges - Shrub < 10' tall. Petals 0.04-0.08" chaparral - Shrub < 10', prickly. Leaves sticky red bark. Leaf blades < 5" long. Flowers forest - Twigs bristly, leaf stalk 0.1-0.2", upper long, white. Styles 0.2-0.3" long, hairy at base. below. Styles glabrous, anthers exserted, sepals yellow-white or pink, < 3.1" long. Berries red, < leaf surface shiny. Bracts purplish. purplish. 0.5" diam, round.

PALLID MANZANITA (Arctostaphylos pallida) BLUE ELDERBERRY (Sambucus nigra subsp. RED ELDERBERRY (Sambucus racemosa var. SILVERLEAF COTONEASTER (Cotoneaster Native Perennial - Heath Family - (Jan–Mar) - caerulea) Native Perennial - Muskroot Family - racemosa) Native Perennial - Muskroot Family - pannosus) Naturalized Perennial - Rose Family - Siliceous shales, slopes, ridges, chaparral - (Mar–Sep) - Common. Streambanks, open (May-Jul) - Moist places - Shrub/tree 3-20' tall. (May–Jul) - Disturbed places, mixed-evergreen Leaves clasping, smooth. Flower stalk and fruit places in forest - Shrub 7-26' tall. Flower cluster Leaflets 5-7, 1.6-6.3" long. Flower cluster forest - Leaves 0.8-1.4" long, pointed tip, smooth w/sticky hairs. Fed: THREATENED, Calif: flat-topped, 1.6-13" diam, petals spreading. Fruits dome-shaped, gen 6-12 cm diam, petals often above. Petals white, spreading. Fruit red. ENDANGERED. waxy blue-black. reflexed. Fruits red. INVASIVE weed. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - White Wild Plants of Tilden Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 21

CHRISTMAS BERRY / TOYON (Heteromeles OCEANSPRAY (Holodiscus discolor var. OSO BERRY (Oemleria cerasiformis) Native HIMALAYAN BLACKBERRY (Rubus arbutifolia) Native Perennial - Rose Family - discolor) Native Perennial - Rose Family - Perennial - Rose Family - (Feb–Apr) - Chaparral, armeniacus) Naturalized Perennial - Rose Family ((May)Jun–Aug) - Chaparral, oak woodland, (May–Aug) - Moist woodland edges, rocky slopes canyons, streambanks, lowland wet to dry open - (Mar–Jun) - Common. Disturbed areas, mixed-evergreen forest - Shrub-tree < 33' tall, - Shrub 5-20' tall. Leaf blade 0.6-3.1" long, woodland, coast to shaded conifer forest - Shrub roadsides - Shrub w/thorny 5-angled stem. evergreen. Leaf 2-4" long. Petals white, < 0.16" toothed at end. Flower cluster 0.8-10" long. 3-20'. Leaf 2-5" long. Flower cluster 1.2-4". Petals Leaflets 3-5, white-hairy beneath. Blackberry-type long. Fruit bright red. Petals white, ~0.07" long. white, 0.12-0.24". fruit. INVASIVE.

THIMBLEBERRY (Rubus parviflorus) Native COAST SILK TASSEL (Garrya elliptica) Native CALIFORNIA BUCKEYE (Aesculus californica) SHINYLEAF -GRAPE (Berberis pinnata Perennial - Rose Family - (Mar–Aug) - Common; Perennial - Silk Tassel Family - (Jan–Mar) - Native Perennial - Soapberry Family - (May–Jun) subsp. pinnata) Native Perennial - Barberry moist semi-shaded areas, esp edges of Seacliffs, sand dunes, chaparral, foothill-pine - Dry slopes, canyons, borders of streams - Large Family - (Feb–May) - Rocky slopes, conifer woodland - Shrub 0.5-2 m tall, not prickly. Petals woodland - Shrub or small tree, < 26' tall. Leaves shrub or tree 13-39' tall. 5-7 leaflets. Flowers forest, oak woodland, chaparral - Shrub gen < 7'. 0.5-0.9" long, white. Leaves simple, 3-5 lobed. wavy-margined, underside hairs felt-like, white to pale rose. Large seeds toxic but edible Leaflets w/15-23 spiny teeth, spines < 0.1" long. Raspberry-type fruit. interwoven. Fruit hairy. after leaching out saponins. Flowers yellow. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - Yellow Wild Plants of Tilden Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 22

HOLLYLEAF REDBERRY (Rhamnus ilicifolia) WESTERN LEATHERWOOD (Dirca occidentalis) SCOTCH BROOM (Cytisus scoparius) FRENCH BROOM (Genista monspessulana) Native Perennial - Buckthorn Family - (Mar–Jun) - Native Perennial - Daphne Family - (Nov–Mar) - Naturalized Perennial - Pea Family - (Apr–Jul) - Naturalized Perennial - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Chaparral, montane forest - Shrub < 13' tall, Gen n facing slopes, mixed-evergreen forest to Common. Disturbed places - Shrub 6.6-8' tall, Common. Disturbed places. - Shrub < 10' tall, evergreen w/stiff branches. Leaf blades 0.8-1.6" chaparral, gen fog belt - Shrub 3-10'. Flowers deciduous. Stems sharply 5-angled, new twigs evergreen. Stems 8-10 ridged, leafy. Flowers long, toothed. Fruits 0.2-0.3" wide, red. yellow, 1-4 per group, open before/with leaves. hairy. Flowers yellow, 1-2 at leaf bases, 0.6-0.8" yellow, 4-10 at branch tips, banner 0.4-0.6" long. CNPS: Fairly ENDANGERED. long. NOXIOUS. NOXIOUS.

BIRCH-LEAF MOUNTAIN-MAHOGANY GOLDEN-YARROW (Eriophyllum confertiflorum (Cercocarpus betuloides var. betuloides) Native var. confertiflorum) Native Perennial - Sunflower Perennial - Rose Family - (Mar–May) - Dry, rocky Family - (Apr–Aug) - Many dry habitats - slopes, chaparral - Shrub 3-10'. Leaf 0.4-1" long, Shrubby, 8-28" tall. Leaves 0.4-2" long, deeply end toothed. Flower 0.16-0.3" wide. Hairy fruit 3-5 lobed. Flowers yellow; rays 4-6, 0.08-0.2" styles 2-3.5" long. long; head bracts 4-7. Notes:

Decimal Inches

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1 .5 2 .5 3 .5 4 .5 5 .5 6 .5 7 .5 8 .5 9

1/8 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1/2 2 1/2 3 1/2 4 1/2 5 1/2 6 1/2 7 1/2 8 1/2 9 English Inches

Notes:

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