Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park Common Name Version A Photographic Guide Sorted by Form, Color and Family with Habitat Descriptions and Identification Notes Photographs and text by Wilde Legard District Botanist, East Bay Regional Park District New Revised and Expanded Edition - Includes the latest scientific names, habitat descriptions and identification notes Decimal Inches .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1 .5 2 .5 3 .5 4 .5 5 .5 6 .5 7 .5 8 .5 9 1/8 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1/2 2 1/2 3 1/2 4 1/2 5 1/2 6 1/2 7 1/2 8 1/2 9 English Inches Notes: A Photographic Guide to the Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park More than 2,000 species of native and naturalized plants grow wild in the San Francisco Bay Area. Most are very difficult to identify without the help of good illustrations. This is designed to be a simple, color photo guide to help you identify some of these plants. This guide is published electronically in Adobe Acrobat® format so that it can easily be updated as additional photographs become available. You have permission to freely download, distribute and print this guide for individual use. Photographs are © 2014 Wilde Legard, all rights reserved. In this guide, the included plants are sorted first by form (Ferns & Fern-like, Grasses & Grass-like, Herbaceous, Woody), then by most common flower color, and finally by similar looking flowers (grouped by genus within each family). Each photograph has the following information, separated by '-': COMMON NAME According to The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California, Second Edition (JM2) and other references (not standardized). (Scientific Name) According to JM2 and eFlora (ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html). Origin & Longevity Native, Naturalized, or Waif (not reproducing without human care). Annual, Biennial, Perennial, or a combination. Family Name Common family name according to JM2, (Bloom date range) Period during the year when the plant blooms, according to JM2 and other sources. '-' if plant does not bloom (ie. Ferns). Habitat Habitat description according to JM2 and other sources. ID Characteristics Plant description with identification characteristics and other notes, based on multiple sources including: Annotated Checklist of the East Bay Flora, Second Edition (2013), JM2, Plants of the San Francisco Bay Region (Revised Edition), and Weeds of California and Other Western States. Additional notes Occasionally, an additional note may appear (ie. NOXIOUS weed, INVASIVE weed, Fed & Calif. ENDANGERED, etc.). Revision: 3/2/2014 Fern-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 1 BRACKEN FERN (Pteridium aquilinum var. CALIFORNIA MAIDENHAIR (Adiantum jordanii) COFFEE FERN (Pellaea andromedifolia) Native GOLDENBACK FERN (Pentagramma triangularis pubescens) Native Perennial - Bracken Family - - Native Perennial - Brake Fern Family - - - Shaded Perennial - Brake Fern Family - - - Generally subsp. triangularis) Native Perennial - Brake Fern - Pastures, woodland, meadows, hillsides, partial hillsides, moist woodland - Leaves 8-28" long rocky or dry areas - Fronds 6-30" long, stem light Family - - - Gen shaded, sometimes rocky or to full sun - Leaf blades widely-triangular, gen with many rounded symmetrical segments, each brown. Leaf segments blunt, 0.24-0.6" long, wooded areas - Leaves triangular, 1.2-4" long, 0.5-5' long, gen 3x divided, hairy underneath. with < 4 irregular lobes. Cultivated. Sudden Oak 0.12-0.4" wide. undersides either granular green or powdery Death carrier. gold. Revision: 3/2/2014 Fern-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 2 WESTERN LADY FERN (Athyrium filix-femina COMMON HORSETAIL (Equisetum arvense) POLYPODY FERN (Polypodium calirhiza) Native COASTAL WOOD FERN (Dryopteris arguta) var. cyclosorum) Native Perennial - Cliff Fern Native Perennial - Horsetail Family - - - Perennial - Polypody Family - - - On plants, rocky Native Perennial - Wood Fern Family - - - Locally Family - - - Woodland, along streams, seepage Streambanks, wet meadows, springs, other wet, cliffs or outcrops, roadcuts, often granitic or common. Open, wooded slopes, caves - Leaf area - Leaves gen 12-39" long, broadest near shaded places - Sterile stems 4-24" tall, 6-14 volcanic, rarely dunes - Leaf blades 4-8" long, 12-24” long,5-12” wide, divided 1-2 times. middle, 1-2 divided, ultimate divisions rounded. sheath teeth. Fertile stems 4-13" tall, 6-10 sheath often widest above base, deeply lobed. Segments generally with spine-tipped teeth. teeth. WESTERN SWORD FERN (Polystichum BROAD-LEAVED CATTAIL (Typha latifolia) DUNE BENT GRASS (Agrostis pallens) Native SILVER HAIR GRASS (Aira caryophyllea) munitum) Native Perennial - Wood Fern Family - Native Perennial - Cattail Family - (Jun–Jul) - Perennial - Grass Family - (Jun–Aug) - Common. Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - - - Common. Wooded hillsides, shaded slopes, Unpolluted to nutrient-rich freshwater (brackish) Open meadows, woodland, forest, subalpine - Sandy soils, open or disturbed sites - Flower rarely cliffs, outcrops - Fronds gen 20-48" long, marshes - Plant 4.9-9.8' tall. Widest leaves Lower leaf blades <= 0.2" wide, flat to inrolled. cluster > 0.6" wide, diffuse with long slender divided once. Segments usually separate, teeth 0.4-1.1" wide. Flower cluster with no gap Flower cluster 2-8" long, < 0.8" wide; narrow and branches. Spikelets about 0.1" long with 2 point to tips, scaly rachis. between flower types. arching when young. extended awns. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 3 SLENDER WILD OAT (Avena barbata) WILD OAT (Avena fatua) Naturalized Annual - RATTLESNAKE GRASS (Briza maxima) LITTLE QUAKING GRASS (Briza minor) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Mar–Jun) - Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - Disturbed sites - Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - Disturbed sites - Plants gen 24-32". Spikelets Plants 1-5' tall. Spikelets 0.7-1.3" long. Low awn Shaded sites, roadsides, pastures, weedy on Shaded or moist, open sites - Stem 3-20” tall. 0.8-1.2" long. Awns 0.8-1.8" long. Lemma tip 1-1.6" long. Lemma tip bristles < 0.04" long. coastal dunes - Stem 8-35" tall. Spikelets Spikelets 0.1-0.2” long, resemble tiny rattlesnake bristles >= 0.1" long. Seeds EDIBLE whole or Seeds EDIBLE whole or ground for flour. 0.4-0.75" long, resemble rattlesnake rattles. rattles. ground for flour. INVASIVE weed. INVASIVE weed. INVASIVE weed. CALIFORNIA BROME (Bromus carinatus var. RESCUE GRASS (Bromus catharticus var. RIPGUT GRASS (Bromus diandrus) Naturalized SOFT CHESS (Bromus hordeaceus) Naturalized carinatus) Native Perennial - Grass Family - catharticus) Naturalized Annual-Perennial - Grass Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - Open, gen Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - Fields, (Apr–Aug) - Coastal prairies, openings in Family - (Apr–Nov) - Open, disturbed places - disturbed areas - Plant 6-40" tall. Spikelet 1-2.8" disturbed areas - Plant 4-26” tall. Leaf hairy. chaparral, plains, open oak and pine woodland Plant 8-48” tall. Flower cluster 3-12” long, ~ open. long. Lemma body 0.8-1.2" long, awn > 1.2" long. Flower cluster 1-5” long, dense, some stalks > -Plant 20-40” tall. Flower cluster 6-16” long. Spikelet flattened, 0.6-1.2” long. Lemma 0.4-0.7” Barbed seeds can stick in flesh of animals. spikelet. Spikelet 0.5-0.9”. Lemma 0.26-0.4”, awn Spikelet 0.8-1.6” long. Lemma 0.5-0.8” long, long, awn < 0.2” long. INVASIVE weed. 0.16-0.4”. INVASIVE weed. hairy, awn 0.3-0.6” long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 4 FOXTAIL CHESS (Bromus madritensis subsp. RED BROME (Bromus madritensis subsp. HAIRY PAMPAS GRASS (Cortaderia jubata) SMOOTH PAMPAS GRASS (Cortaderia madritensis) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - rubens) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - (Sep–Feb) selloana) Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - (Apr–Jan) - Disturbed areas, roadsides - Plants (Mar–Jun) - Disturbed areas, roadsides - Plant - Disturbed sites, many habitats, esp coastal - (Sep–Mar) - Disturbed sites - Plant 6-13' tall. Leaf 4-20" tall. Stem and sheathes smooth. Flower 4-20". Flower cluster condensed, branches Plant 6-23' tall. Leaf blades 0.1-0.5" wide, blades 0.1-0.5" wide, sheathes smooth. Cultivar, cluster branches visible, lower spikelets erect, > obscure, < spikelets. Stem & sheathes hairy. sheathes hairy. NOXIOUS weed. rarely escaped. INVASIVE weed. stalk. INVASIVE weed. BRISTLY DOGTAIL GRASS (Cynosurus ORCHARD GRASS (Dactylis glomerata) CALIFORNIA OAT GRASS (Danthonia ANNUAL HAIR GRASS (Deschampsia echinatus) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - californica) Native Perennial - Grass Family - danthonioides) Native Annual - Grass Family - (May–Jul) - Open, disturbed sites - Tufted. Stem (May–Aug) - Disturbed, often moist sites - Stems (Apr–Aug) - Gen moist meadows, open woodland (Mar–Aug) - Moist to drying, open sites, 4-28” long. Leaf blade 0.1-0.6” wide. Flower 2-5, 12-79”+ tall. Leaf blade 0.12-0.24” wide. - Stem 12-52” tall. Flower cluster 0.8-2.4” long. meadows, streambanks, vernal pools, occ alkali cluster 0.4-1.6” long, 1-sided. Fertile and sterile Flower cluster 1.6-8” long. Spikelets crowded on Spikelets 3-6, 0.5-1” long, awn 0.16-0.5” long. soil - Stem 4.5-24” long. Lemmas 2, ~0.1”, awns spikelets. INVASIVE weed. 1 side. Lemmas short-awned at tip. INVASIVE from below middle 0.1-0.4” & bent. weed. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Redwood Regional Park - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 5 SLENDER HAIR GRASS (Deschampsia WESTERN WILD-RYE (Elymus glaucus subsp. BIG SQUIRRELTAIL (Elymus multisetus) Native SLENDER WHEAT GRASS (Elymus elongata) Native Perennial - Grass Family - glaucus) Native Perennial - Grass Family - Perennial - Grass Family - (May–Jul) - Open, trachycaulus subsp. trachycaulus) Native (May–Sep) - Wet sites, meadows, lakeshores, (Jun–Aug) - Open areas, chaparral, woodland, sandy to rocky areas - Tufted.