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Socialist Realism and Socialist Modernism IC I ICOMOS COMOS O M OS

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Socialist Realism and Socialist Modernism IC I ICOMOS COMOS O M OS Sozialistischer Realismus und Sozialistische Moderne Welterbevorschläge aus Mittel- und Osteuropa Socialist Realism and Socialist Modernism World Heritage Proposals from Central and Eastern Europe Sozialistischer Realismus und Sozialistische Moderne SocialistSocialist Modernism Realism and III V L S EE T MI O ALK N O I T A N N E CH S UT E D S ICOMOS · HEFTE DES DEUTSCHEN NATIONALKOMITEES LVIII ICOMOS · JOURNALS OF THE GERMAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE LVIII ICOMOS · HEFTE DE ICOMOS ICOMOS · CAHIERS DU COMITÉ NATIONAL ALLEMAND LVIII Sozialistischer Realismus und Sozialistische Moderne Socialist Realism and Socialist Modernism I NTERNATIONAL COUNCIL on MONUMENTS and SITES CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL DES MONUMENTS ET DES SITES CONSEJO INTERNACIONAL DE MONUMENTOS Y SITIOS мЕждународный совЕт по вопросам памятников и достопримЕчатЕльных мЕст Sozialistischer Realismus und Sozialistische Moderne. Welterbevorschläge aus Mittel- und Osteuropa Dokumentation des europäischen Expertentreffens von ICOMOS über Möglichkeiten einer internationalen seriellen Nominierung von Denkmalen und Stätten des 20. Jahrhunderts in postsozialistischen Ländern für die Welterbeliste der UNESCO – Warschau, 14.–15. April 2013 – Socialist Realism and Socialist Modernism. World Heritage Proposals from Central and Eastern Europe Documentation of the European expert meeting of ICOMOS on the feasibility of an international serial nomination of 20th century monuments and sites in post-socialist countries for the UNESCO World Heritage List – Warsaw, 14th–15th of April 2013 – ICOMOS · H E F T E des D E U T S CHEN N AT I ONAL KO MI T E E S LVIII ICOMOS · JOURNALS OF THE GERMAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE LVIII ICOMOS · CAHIERS du COMITÉ NATIONAL ALLEMAND LVIII ICOMOS Hefte des Deutschen Nationalkomitees Herausgegeben vom Nationalkomitee der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Präsident: Prof. Dr. Jörg Haspel Vizepräsident: Dr. Christoph Machat Generalsekretärin: Prof. Dr. Sigrid Brandt Geschäftsstelle: Morassistr. 8, 80469 München · Postfach 100 517, 80079 München Fon: +49 (0)89.2422 37 84 · Fax: +49 (0)89.242 1985 3 E-Mail: [email protected] · Internet: www.icomos.de Gefördert von der Beauftragten der Bundesregierung für Kultur und Medien aufgrund eines Beschlusses des Deutschen Bundestages 1. Auflage 2013 © 2013 ICOMOS, Nationalkomitee der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und Landesdenkmalamt Berlin Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet unter http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Nachdruck, auch auszugsweise, sowie Verbreitung durch Film, Funk und Fernsehen, durch fotomecha- nische Wiedergabe, Tonträger und Datenverarbeitungssysteme jeglicher Art, nur mit schriftlicher Genehmigung des Verlages. 2013 Gesamtherstellung und Vertrieb: hendrik Bäßler verlag · berlin Fon: +49 (0)30.240 858 56 · Fax: +49 (0)30.24 926 53 · E-Mail: [email protected] · Internet: www.baesslerverlag.de ISBN 978-3-930388-90-5 Inhalt /Content EIngangsstatEmEnts / POLAND INTRODUCTORY STATEMENTS The Architectural and Urban Heritage of Socialist Realism in Warsaw – an Approach Editorial von ICOMOS Deutschland for Evaluation and Conservation Sigrid Brandt, Jörg Haspel, John Ziesemer . 7 Paulina Świątek . 42 Editorial of ICOMOS Germany POLAND Sigrid Brandt, Jörg Haspel, John Ziesemer . 10 Nowa Huta in Krakow Jerzy Zbiegień . 45 Greeting of the Hosting Warsaw Heritage Protection Office DEUTSCHLAND Piotr Brabander . 12 Zwei deutsche Architekturen: Konfrontation, Konkurrenz und Koevolution im geteilten Berlin Word of Welcome from ICOMOS Poland. Matthias Rudolph . 50 Heritage of Socialist Realism – Potentials for World Heritage? GERMANY Bogusław Szmygin . 14 Two German Architectures: Confrontation, Competition and Co-evolution in Divided Berlin Opening Remarks of the ICOMOS International Matthias Rudolph . 54 Scientific Committee onTwentieth Century Heritage (ISC 20C). 20th-Century Architecture – Under-represented DEUTSCHLAND Heritage on the World Heritage List Karl-Marx-Allee und „Interbau 1957“. Natalia Dushkina . 15 Berliner Nachkriegserbe zwischen Konfrontation und Koevolution Transnationale serielle Nominierungen Thomas Flierl . 58 für die UNESCO Welterbe-Liste Jörg Haspel . 17 GERMANY Karl-Marx-Allee and “Interbau 1957”. Transnational Serial Nominations Berlin Postwar Heritage between Confrontation for the UNESCO World Heritage List and Co-evolution Jörg Haspel . 21 Thomas Flierl . 62 Problems and Prospects of International Serial DEUTSCHLAND Nominations for an Accurate UNESCO World Die Lange Straße in Rostock (1953–58) – Heritage List Heimatschutzstil als eine Quelle Marko Stokin . 24 der frühen DDR-Architektur Jörg Kirchner . 66 FallstudIEn / CasE studIEs GERMANY The Lange Strasse in Rostock (1953–58) – POLEN “Heimatschutzstil ” a Source Das architektonische Erbe des Sozialistischen of Early GDR Architecture Realismus in Warschau Jörg Kirchner . 70 Maria Dydek . 32 ARMENIA POLAND Socialist Realism and Armenian Building The Architectural Heritage of Socialist Realism Tradition: Steps to Form a Unique Architectural in Warsaw Language Maria Dydek . 38 Nune Chilingaryan and Gagik Gurjyan . 73 6 Inhalt /Content BULGARIA anhang / DokumEntatIon The Best Examples of the Architectural Heritage appEndIx / DOcumEntatIon of Socialism in Bulgaria Emilia Kaleva . 80 Auszüge aus der Tentativliste sozialistischer und post- sozialistischer Staaten / Extracts from the Tentative List CROATIA of Socialist and Post-socialist States The “Uncomfortable” Significance of Socialist Heritage in Postwar Croatia: the Ambivalence of Socialist CUBA Aestheticism National Schools of Art, Havana-Cubanacán . 116 Sandra Uskokovic . .85 CZECH REPUBLIC LITHUANIA Mountain-top Hotel and “Socialist Realism”: Timeline in Lithuania Television Transmitter Ještěd . 120 Vaidas Petrulis . 90 BELARUS SLOVENIA Architectural Ensemble of Francysk Scaryna Avenue Slovenian Architecture in the Period of Socialism in Minsk (1940s –1950s). 123 Sonja Ifko . 95 Berliner Vorschlag für die deutsche Tentativliste . 127 ROMANIA Berlin Proposal for the German Tentative List . 139 The “Scânteia House” in Bucharest – a Proposal for Nomination to the World Heritage List Invitation to the ICOMOS National Committees Ruxandra Nemteanu . 101 of Europe to Participate in ISC 20 C Project for Conserving Socialist Heritage . 144 UKRAINE Foremost Examples of Urban Ensembles Authors /Autoren . 147 of Socialist Realism in the Ukraine Svitlana Smolenska . 106 Abbildungsnachweise /Credits . 149 Conclusions of the Warsaw Meeting in 2013 ICOMOS · Hefte des Deutschen Natalia Dushkina . 112 Nationalkomitees . 151 7 Editorial von ICOMOS Deutschland Mit der vorliegenden Veröffentlichung ziehen die Heraus- Vergangenheit, die grenzüberschreitend für Schlagzeilen geber die Zwischenbilanz für ein multinationales Koopera- sorgten. Auch zwanzig Jahre nach dem Fall des „Eiser- tions- und Publikationsprojekt, das das polnische und das nen Vorhangs“, der deutschen Vereinigung, der Erlangung deutsche Nationalkomitee des Weltdenkmalrats ICOMOS der Unabhängigkeit früherer sowjetischer und jugoslawi- im Jahr 2010 initiiert und seitdem koordiniert haben. Unter scher Teilrepubliken und dem hoffnungsvollen Demokra- dem Eindruck der anhaltenden Gefährdungen, denen sich tisierungsprozess in Mittelosteuropa entzünden sich immer das bauliche und gartenbauliche Erbe der Nachkriegsjahr- wieder gewaltsame Auseinandersetzungen an öffentlichen zehnte europaweit, ganz besonders aber Architekturdenk- Denkmalen des Sozialismus. In Tallinn wurde im April 2007 male und Denkmalensembles in den postsozialistischen der Bronze-Soldat, ein Denkmal der estnischen Künstler Ländern Mittel- und Osteuropas, ausgesetzt sehen, hatten Arnold Alas und Enn Roos, das 1947 zum dritten Jahrestag ICOMOS Polen und ICOMOS Deutschland die Vorbereitun- des Einmarsches der Roten Armee in Tallinn auf der Erhe- gen zur „denkmal – Europäische Messe für Denkmalpflege, bung Tõnismägi eingeweiht worden war, auf den Tallinner Restaurierung und Altbausanierung“ in Leipzig zum Anlass Kriegsgefallenenfriedhof versetzt. Auch die nahebei bestat- für einen internationalen Erfahrungsaustausch über Denk- teten Gefallenen der Roten Armee fanden zum zweiten Mal malschutzfragen für das architektonische Nachkriegserbe eine neue Ruhestätte. Die Spannungen zwischen der estni- genommen, wobei Architekturdenkmale des sogenannten schen Bevölkerung und der russischen Minderheit hatten „sozialistischen Realismus“ der 1940er und 1950er Jahre, in seit einiger Zeit an Schärfe zugenommen, die Umsetzung Deutschland häufig auch als „nationale Tradition“ apostro- des Denkmals wurde von Gewaltausbrüchen begleitet. phiert, im Zentrum der Beiträge stehen sollten. Anfang Dezember 2013 zerstörten Demonstranten in der Die Ankündigung fand ein starkes Echo, und der Kreis ukrainischen Hauptstadt Kiew eine bronzene Lenin-Statue, der Interessenten und Referenten erstreckte sich geogra- um ihren Protest gegen den prorussischen Kurs ihrer Re- phisch bald über das Staatsgebiet der früheren DDR und der gierung deutlich zu machen. Die Bilder vom Denkmalsturz heutigen Republik Polen mit den Hauptstädten Berlin und gingen innerhalb weniger Stunden um die Welt und verwei- Warschau hinaus auch auf die Nachbarregionen im frühe- sen auf die hohe Symbol- und Sprengkraft sozialistischer ren Ostblock. Zugleich weitete das erste Leipziger Treffen Denkmalskunst, gerade wenn es sich um Standbilder des den Blickwinkel inhaltlich und bezog das poststalinistische sozialistischen Realismus handelt,
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