A Companion to Contemporary Political Philosophy
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Mill and Pettit on Freedom, Domination, and Freedom-As-Domination
Prolegomena 18 (1) 2019: 27–50 doi: 10 .26362/20190102 Mill and Pettit on Freedom, Domination, and Freedom-as-Domination Tim Beaumont School of Foreign Languages, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, P .R . China beaumonttim@hotmail .com ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE – RECEIVED: 29/11/18 ACCEPTED: 11/04/19 abstract: Pettit endorses a ‘republican’ conception of social freedom of the person as consisting of a state of non-domination, and takes this to refute Mill’s ‘liberal’ claim that non-domineering but coercive interference can compromise social freedom of choice . This paper argues that Pettit’s interpretation is true to the extent that Mill believes that the legitimate, non-arbitrary and just coercion of would-be dominators, for the sake of preventing them from dominating others, can render them unfree to choose to do so without rendering them socially unfree (qua dominated) persons in their own right . However, contra Pettit, Mill is correct to reject the ‘republican’ view for at least two reasons . Firstly, it enables him to avoid commitment to the implausi- ble implication that would-be dominators who sincerely deny any interest in a shared system of basic liberties are automatically rendered unfree persons by the coercion necessary to uphold such a system . Secondly, it enables him to avoid begging the question against ‘immoralists’ like Nietzsche, whose opposition to systems of recip- rocal non-domination is at least partly motivated by the losses of social freedom of choice they entail for those they deem to be worthy of dominating others . key words: Domination, freedom, liberalism, liberty, John Stuart Mill, Friedrich Nietzsche, Philip Pettit, republicanism . -
Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia Peter Vallentyne, University
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Missouri: MOspace Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia Peter Vallentyne, University of Missouri-Columbia in The Twentieth Century: Quine and After (Vol. 5, of Central Works of Philosophy ) edited by John Shand (Acumen Publishing, 2006), pp. 86-103 Robert Nozick’s Anarchy, State, and Utopia (1974), along with John Rawls’s A Theory of Justice (1971), radically changed the landscape in analytic political philosophy. For much of the preceding half-century, under the influence of logical positivism’s heavy emphasis on empirical verifiability, much of moral philosophy was taken up with meta-ethics (e.g., the semantics of moral discourse)—with little attention given to normative moral theories. Moreover, to the extent that normative theories were considered, utilitarianism was the center of attention. This all changed with the publication of Rawls’s articulation and defense of liberal egalitarianism and Nozick’s libertarian challenge to the legitimacy of anything more than the night-watchman state. At the core of Nozick’s book are two arguments. One is that a night-watchman state (which protects only against violence, theft, fraud, and breach of contract) could be legitimate, even without the consent of all those to be governed. The other is that nothing more extensive than the night-watchman state is legitimate, except with the consent of all. The argument is complex, and Nozick often inserts long—and very interesting—digressions. Below I shall focus only on his core argument. I shall thus not address his discussions of Rawls’ theory of justice (Ch. -
1 Republicanism Across Cultures Philip Pettit Introduction Every
1 Republicanism Across Cultures Philip Pettit Introduction Every philosophy of the good society starts with an account of the central complaint that the state should help to put right: the evil that the society should drive out by means of political organization and initiative. If the philosophy is to be persuasive, then the complaint should attract widespread sympathy and support, being recognized as something that everyone will want to have remedied. And, of course, it should be a complaint that the state has the ability in principle to rectify, reducing or even eradicating the ill indicted. Republican philosophy identifies a complaint that is meant to be at once popularly motivating and politically implementable. It indicts the evil of subjection to another’s will — particularly in important areas of personal choice — as an ill that we all recognize and recoil from and at the same time as an ill that the state is well placed to deal with. Such subjection can be effectively corralled and reduced, if not wholly eliminated, by means of political initiative. And yet it takes only a little imagination to realize just how repellent it can be. Think, by way of exercising such imagination, of how you would feel as a student if you depended for not failing a course on the whim of an instructor. Or as a wife if you had to rely on the mood of your husband for whether you could enjoy an unmolested day. Or as a worker if you hung on the favor of a manager for whether you retained your job. -
Philosophers' Brief
CAPITAL CASE No. 18-6135 In the Supreme Court of the United States ________________ JAMES K. KAHLER, Petitioner, v. STATE OF KANSAS, Respondent. ________________ On Writ of Certiorari to the Supreme Court of Kansas ________________ Brief of Philosophy Professors as Amici Curiae in Support of Petitioner ________________ EUGENE R. FIDELL (Counsel of Record) Feldesman Tucker Leifer Fidell LLP 1129 20th St., N.W., 4th Fl. Washington, DC 20036 (202) 256-8675 [email protected] Counsel for Amici Curiae QUESTION PRESENTED Do the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments per- mit a State to abolish the insanity defense? i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Interest of the Amici ................................................. 1 Summary of Argument ............................................. 1 Argument .................................................................. 2 I. THE MENTAL STATE ELEMENTS OF CRIMES ARE INSUFFICIENT FOR RESPONSIBILITY .............................. 2 II. SANITY IS NECESSARY FOR RESPONS- IBILITY AND SO ESSENTIAL TO BOTH THE DETERRENT AND RETRIBUTIVE AIMS OF CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT ........ 6 III.PRINCIPLES OF TOLERATION DO NOT SUPPORT DEFERENCE TO STATES THAT CHOOSE TO PUNISH THE MENTALLY ILL ......................................... 12 Conclusion ............................................................... 14 Appendix (List of Amici Curiae) ............................. 1a iii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Cases: Durham v. United States, 214 F.2d 862 (D.C. Cir. 1954) .................................................... 14 Ford v. Wainwright, -
PETER VALLENTYNE (January 4, 2021)
PETER VALLENTYNE (January 4, 2021) Department of Philosophy Vallentynep at missouri dot edu University of Missouri Philosophy Dept.: (573) 882-2871 Columbia, MO 65211-4160 Fax: (573) 884-8949 PERSONAL Dual citizen of Canada and U.S.A. General proficiency in French, limited working proficiency in Italian and Spanish, elementary proficiency in modern Greek. EDUCATION Ph.D.: University of Pittsburgh, 1984. MA: University of Pittsburgh, 1981. BA: McGill University, 1978. Fellow of the Society of Actuaries (completion of professional exams), 1976. INSTRUCTIONAL POSITIONS Florence G. Kline Professor of Philosophy, University of Missouri: 2003- Visiting Professor, Xiamen University, China, summer school (2017) Visiting Professor, “Justice: Theory and Applications”, Summer University, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary (2011, 2013). Full Professor, Virginia Commonwealth University: 2000-2003 Associate Professor, Virginia Commonwealth University: 1990-2000. Assistant Professor, Virginia Commonwealth University: 1988-1990. Assistant Professor, University of Western Ontario: 1984-1988. ADMINISTRATIVE POSITIONS AND EXPERIENCE Director of Graduate Studies in Philosophy, U. Missouri (Fall 2018, Spring 2012, 2005- 2010) Director of Undergraduate Studies in Philosophy, U. Missouri (2012-14) Director, Philosophy, Virginia Commonwealth University: 1999-2000. Chair, Philosophy and Religious Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University: 1988-1999. Harvard Management Development Program (3 weeks): 1994. Administrative Associate to the President, Virginia Commonwealth University: Fall 1992 Actuarial Supervisor, Financial Forecasting Department, Great West Life Assurance Company: 1973-75. AWARDS AND GRANTS Faculty Award, University of Missouri-Columbia, Mizzou Alumni Association, 2019. Graduate Faculty Mentor Award, University of Missouri-Columbia, 2012-13. Liberty Fund contract ($44,500) for colloquium on liberty, self-ownership, and the right to property, 2002. Schalkenbach Foundation publication grant ($10,000 for research leave), 1999. -
Libertarianism Karl Widerquist, Georgetown University-Qatar
Georgetown University From the SelectedWorks of Karl Widerquist 2008 Libertarianism Karl Widerquist, Georgetown University-Qatar Available at: https://works.bepress.com/widerquist/8/ Libertarianism distinct ideologies using the same label. Yet, they have a few commonalities. [233] [V1b-Edit] [Karl Widerquist] [] [w6728] Libertarian socialism: Libertarian socialists The word “libertarian” in the sense of the believe that all authority (government or combination of the word “liberty” and the private, dictatorial or democratic) is suffix “-ian” literally means “of or about inherently dangerous and possibly tyrannical. freedom.” It is an antonym of “authoritarian,” Some endorse the motto: where there is and the simplest dictionary definition is one authority, there is no freedom. who advocates liberty (Simpson and Weiner Libertarian socialism is also known as 1989). But the name “libertarianism” has “anarchism,” “libertarian communism,” and been adopted by several very different “anarchist communism,” It has a variety of political movements. Property rights offshoots including “anarcho-syndicalism,” advocates have popularized the association of which stresses worker control of enterprises the term with their ideology in the United and was very influential in Latin American States and to a lesser extent in other English- and in Spain in the 1930s (Rocker 1989 speaking countries. But they only began [1938]; Woodcock 1962); “feminist using the term in 1955 (Russell 1955). Before anarchism,” which stresses person freedoms that, and in most of the rest of the world (Brown 1993); and “eco-anarchism” today, the term has been associated almost (Bookchin 1997), which stresses community exclusively with leftists groups advocating control of the local economy and gives egalitarian property rights or even the libertarian socialism connection with Green abolition of private property, such as and environmental movements. -
Some Worries About the Coherence of Left-Libertarianism Mathias Risse
John F. Kennedy School of Government Harvard University Faculty Research Working Papers Series Can There be “Libertarianism without Inequality”? Some Worries About the Coherence of Left-Libertarianism Mathias Risse Nov 2003 RWP03-044 The views expressed in the KSG Faculty Research Working Paper Series are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the John F. Kennedy School of Government or Harvard University. All works posted here are owned and copyrighted by the author(s). Papers may be downloaded for personal use only. Can There be “Libertarianism without Inequality”? Some Worries About the Coherence of Left-Libertarianism1 Mathias Risse John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University October 25, 2003 1. Left-libertarianism is not a new star on the sky of political philosophy, but it was through the recent publication of Peter Vallentyne and Hillel Steiner’s anthologies that it became clearly visible as a contemporary movement with distinct historical roots. “Left- libertarian theories of justice,” says Vallentyne, “hold that agents are full self-owners and that natural resources are owned in some egalitarian manner. Unlike most versions of egalitarianism, left-libertarianism endorses full self-ownership, and thus places specific limits on what others may do to one’s person without one’s permission. Unlike right- libertarianism, it holds that natural resources may be privately appropriated only with the permission of, or with a significant payment to, the members of society. Like right- libertarianism, left-libertarianism holds that the basic rights of individuals are ownership rights. Left-libertarianism is promising because it coherently underwrites both some demands of material equality and some limits on the permissible means of promoting this equality” (Vallentyne and Steiner (2000a), p 1; emphasis added). -
Amatonormativity, Non-Monogamy & Relationship Anarchy CJ & Sarah
Amatonormativity, Non-monogamy & Relationship Anarchy CJ & Sarah *with ASL interpretation* • Aro-friendly session on amatonormativity, non-monogamy, relationship anarchy • This workshop defines and discusses more in-depth concepts of amatonormativity (e.g., social privileging of romantic relationships), non-monogamy and relationship anarchy from an aro-friendly perspective. It also explores non-normative ways of doing relationships, such as relationships that are sometimes called “queerplatonic”/”quirkyplatonic” --------------- Outline: 1. Question: What are social expectations of relationships (5 mins?) 2. Collaboratively define terms: (10 mins) • Heteronormativity • Amatonormativity • Compulsory sexuality • Homonormativity • Monogamy • Asexualisation and complexity of intersectionality 3. Question: What are some ways people here are challenging societal relationship norms? • What kind of struggles or resistance do people face colliding with these relationship norms? 4. Collaboratively define terms: • Non-monogamy & polyamory • Polynormativity • Relationship anarchy • Issues with relationship anarchy • QPRs 5. Question: • How do you relate to any of these ideas? • Positive or negative experiences with non-monogamy, RA, QPR’s? • How has amatonormativity affected how you do significant relationships? • What do you want in your significant relationships? What makes a relationship “significant”? Notes: 1. Question: What are social expectations of relationships (5 mins?) 2. Collaboratively define terms: (10 mins) Heteronormativity • Large structural system of power structuring society around heterosexuality and heterosexual marriage as the basis for the nuclear family, which is the basic “consumer unit” in a capitalist society • In this social context marriage is supposed to be based on romantic-sexual love • Participation is “compulsory” and children are trained and conscripted into heterosexuality from very young; and “regulated” through the violence of homophobia & heterosexism • Creates a system of exactly 2 opposing genders-- man-woman; mav vs. -
Download Thesis
This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Women Dancing on the Edge of Time Reframing female (a)sexualities through Zorbitality Sadlier, Aoife Claire Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 07. Oct. 2021 1 Women Dancing on the Edge of Time: Reframing female (a)sexualities through Zorbitality Aoife Sadlier A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, the Department of Culture, Media and Creative Industries, King’s College London 2 Declaration I, Aoife Sadlier, declare that this thesis is my own work. -
Relationship Anarchy
Relationship Anarchy - Discussion Group June 2, 2018 Metro Detroit Polyamory - http://detroitpoly.org ● Session 33: Solo Polyamory Welcome ● Introductory info about this discussion group, MDP Meetup, format today is participatory, etc. ● We’re here to learn and explore together; be respectful & stay on topic; Step Up/Step Back ● Sustainability, $, Volunteering - today (notes, trash, what else?) and in the big picture for MDP ● Community building, community agreements - please let us know at the start if you cannot agree: ○ speak about your own personal experience ○ confidentiality: leave out the identifiable info; get consent before sharing another’s story ○ be responsible for your needs (bathroom, water, to leave early, support) ○ you can choose not to share, to pass, etc. (and note how that feels) ○ think about resources for emotional support (counselors, positive friends, self-care, etc.) ○ other short-term community norms/agreements to help get our needs met (or feel safer)? Icebreaker - What is your experience with solo polyamory, if any? Solo polyamory, in a nutshell, is an open, non-monogamous relationship structure that removes all hierarchy within sexual and romantic relationships, and emphasizes individuality and autonomy in relationship structures and interactions. Solo polyamorists usually eschew the relationship escalator, in favor of building relationships conscientiously but organically. Solo polyamorists tend to prefer to present themselves to the world as individuals, instead of as a couple or other group. Unless you know the details of their relationships, they often can appear to be single, even if they have one or more close relationships. It is important to them to be treated as an individual and not just part of a unit. -
Two-Dimensional Democracy and the International Domain Philip Pettit
Draft for conference presentation, NYU Law School, 4 Oct, 02. Two-dimensional Democracy and the International Domain Philip Pettit Drawing on a background in republican thought, I have argued elsewhere that democracy should be two-dimensional in character, allowing for an electoral and a contestatory aspect.1 I argued in a normative spirit that the two- dimensional ideal is more defensible and more commanding than the more common, purely electoral alternative. This usage of the word ‘democracy’ also picks up some aspects of common talk. Few of us would happily apply the word to regimes, no matter how electorally unimpeachable, that failed to provide for certain forms of contestation, say through the presence of a viable opposition or an independent judiciary. My aim in this paper is to recast the two-dimensional way of thinking about democracy, with the aim of preparing the ground for a consideration of what democracy should require in the international domain: in the context of international organizations and, more generally, cooperation among national governments. In section 1 I look at the two-dimensional ideal from an abstract perspective; in section 2 I consider how it might be implemented in a national context; and in section 3 I consider how far the ideal can be approximated in the international domain. I should emphasise that I am no expert on the institutions of the international domain. My hope is, at best, to sketch a line that those who have a professional knowledge of the domain may find useful in considering the common complaint that international institutions inevitably erode democracy. -
Geoffrey Brennan | Mershon Center for International Security Studies | the Ohio State University
The Ohio State www.osu.edu Help Campus map Find people Webmail University home > events > feb 2011 > geoffrey brennan September Seminar Series on Ideas, Identities and Decisional Processes that Affect Security October November Geoffrey Brennan December "Causal Responsibility and Voting" Geoffrey Brennan January Professor of Economics Australian National February Friday, February 18, 2011 University 3:30 p.m. Distinguished Research March Mershon Center for International Security Studies Professor Duke University and April 1501 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43201 University of North May Carolina - Chapel Hill To see the streaming video of this event, click here Events Archive Geoffrey Brennan is distinguished research professor of philosophy at the University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill. In addition to his position at UNC-Chapel Hill, he is a professor of economics in the Research School of Social Sciences at Australian National University and research professor in the Department of Political Science at Duke University. He is co-director of the UNC-Duke joint program in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics. Brennan works actively on issues at the intersection of economics, rationality, and political philosophy. He is currently editor of the journal Economics and Philosophy and has recently, with Hartmut Kliemt and Robert Tollison, edited the Collected Works of James Buchanan (Liberty Press, 1999-2000) in 20 volumes. Brennan is author of nine books including the collaborations Democracy and Decision: The Pure Theory of Electoral Preference (Cambridge University Press, 1993; Oxford University Press, 2002), with Loren Lomasky; Democratic Devices and Desires (Cambridge University Press, 2000), with Alan Hamlin; and The Economy of Esteem (Oxford University Press, 2004), with Philip Pettit.