Presidents versus Federalism in the National Legislative Process The Argentine Senate in Comparative Perspective Hirokazu Kikuchi IDE-JETRO Series Te Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization (IDE-JETRO) series explores the economic issues faced in developing regions globally, providing new research and analysis of these economies, with the aim of creating a more comprehensive understanding of the issues and conditions they are experiencing. With a wide range of volumes cover- ing key economic issues in developing economies, as well as examining the challenges faced as East Asia continues to integrate, the titles in this series are essential companions for academics and policymakers interested in cut- ting-edge research and analysis of developing economies. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14861 Hirokazu Kikuchi Presidents versus Federalism in the National Legislative Process The Argentine Senate in Comparative Perspective Hirokazu Kikuchi Institute of Developing Economies Japan External Trade Organization Chiba, Japan IDE-JETRO Series ISBN 978-3-319-90112-1 ISBN 978-3-319-90113-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90113-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018942211 © Te Editor(s) (if applicable) and Te Author(s) 2018, corrected publication 2018 Tis work is subject to copyright. 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Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Te publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional afliations. Cover illustration: GettyImages/Nikada Tis Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG Te registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Te original version of the book was revised: For detailed information please see Erratum. Te erratum to the book is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90113-8_7 v Acknowledgements Tis book relies heavily on my doctoral dissertation, which I submit- ted to the University of Pittsburgh in 2012. My dissertation defense was at risk of being postponed due to Hurricane Sandy, but fortunately, everyone was able to assemble at the university on November 2nd. After my dissertation defense, the chair, Aníbal Pérez-Liñán, suggested that I should publish my dissertation as a book—I assume because my defense went smoothly. I would, therefore, frst like to thank the four members of the dis- sertation committee: Aníbal Pérez-Liñán, Scott Morgenstern, Jennifer Nicoll Victor, and Ernesto Calvo. I received tremendous support from Aníbal. He provided very detailed and helpful comments on ear- lier versions of this work to make sure that every line made sense. He also helped me fnd contacts and fnancial resources for feld research in Argentina. (I took full advantage of being his student.) Many of the comments and suggestions I received from Scott and Jen helped me avoid serious “Argentine bias” in my arguments and to situate the case of the Argentine Senate in a comparative context. Several of my con- versations with Ernesto was so critical that I decided to study senatorial vii viii Acknowledgements behavior in committees as well as on the foor simultaneously, which makes this book very original. So I am pleased to fnally be able to show this book to these fantastic committee members. I had opportunities to give presentations on some of the fndings of this book at the meetings of American Political Science Association, Midwest Political Science Association, Latin American Studies Association, Latin American Association of Political Science (ALACIP), Standing Group on Legislative Studies (GEL) of the ALACIP, Japanese Association for Comparative Politics, and Latin American Politics Research Group of Japan. I would like to express my appreciation for those who listened to my presentations, including David Altman, Régis Dandoy, Taeko Hiroi, Marisa Kellam, Shunta Matsumoto, Juan Pablo Micozzi, Kazuo Ogushi, Isamu Okada, Nils Ringe, Yutaka Shinada, and Yuriko Takahashi, for their critical comments. Special thanks go to Naoya Izuoka, who introduced me to the world of Latin American pol- itics when I was an undergraduate student at Keio University, Japan. Of course, all remaining errors are my own. Many people supported me during my feld trips to Argentina. I would like to thank María Matilde Ollier (Universidad Nacional de San Martín), Pablo Forni (Universidad del Salvador), and Germán Lodola (Universidad Torcuato Di Tella) for allowing me to stay at their universities as a visiting scholar. Regarding data collection, I owe a lot to Ana María Borges Diniz, José Corbetta, Miguel De Luca, Matías Dewey, Martín Dinatale, Alberto Di Peco, Guillermo Fernández Pego, Facundo Galván, Carlos Gervasoni, Lucas González, Marcelo Leiras, Mariana Llanos, Germán Lodola, Jorge Mangonnet, Diego Martínez, Juan Massini, Susana Menéndez, Ana María Mustapic, Juan Javier Negri Malbrán, Fernando Righini, Pablo Salinas, Beatriz Torres, and Armando Vidal. I would also like to acknowledge that the following institutions partially fnanced my feld research: the Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Pittsburgh, University Center for International Studies at the University of Pittsburgh, Department of Political Science at the University of Pittsburgh, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS, KAKENHI Grant numbers: JP26885124 and JP16K17064), and Institute of Developing Economies (IDE- JETRO). Acknowledgements ix I have always been fortunate to have hardworking and fun colleagues at the University of Pittsburgh, the University of Tsukuba, and the IDE-JETRO. Tey have always been professionally and personally supportive. It is impossible to list everyone’s name, but I especially would like to thank the Latin Americanists/Latin Americans at Pitt (María José Álvarez Rivadulla, Ronald Alfaro-Redondo, Barry Ames, Ignacio Arana Araya, Douglas Block, Miguel Carreras, María Andrea Castagnola, Néstor Castañeda Angarita, Miguel García Sánchez, Ana Carolina Garriga, Bruno Hoepers, Yasemin Irepoglu, Maricarmen León, Germán Lodola, Alexander Martín, Marilia Mochel, Daniel Moreno, Patricia Otero Felipe, John Polga-Hecimovich, Rosario Queirolo, Lucio Rennó, Juan Carlos Rodríguez Raga, Juan Antonio Rodríguez Zepeda, Reynaldo Rojo Mendoza, Sebastián Saiegh, Cassilde Schwartz, Amy Erica Smith, Yen-Pin Su, Alejandro Trelles, Javier Vázquez D’Elía, Sofía Vera, Laura Wills Otero, and Yu Xiao), my non-Latin Americanist cohort at Pitt (Stacy Bondanella Taninchev, Heather Elko McKibben, Myoung-Shik Mason Kim, Daniel London, Melissa Parker, Jung-Won Yang, and Basak Yavcan), the core members of Tsujinaka laboratory at the University of Tsukuba (Joji Kijima, Yohei Kobashi, Yoshiaki Kubo, Hiroyuki Tagawa, and Yutaka Tsujianaka), and the Latin Americanists and my cohort at the IDE-JETRO (Kaori Baba, Fang-Ting Cheng, Taeko Hoshino, Byeongwoo Kang, Koichi Kitano, Ryohei Konta, Lei Lei, Aki Sakaguchi, Tatsuya Shimizu, Naokatsu Uetani, Koichi Usami, Kanako Yamaoka, and Akio Yonemura) for their kindness. Finally, I would like to thank my parents, Toshinori Kikuchi and Sayoko Kikuchi, for their support and encouragement. Tis book is dedicated to them. Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Political Careers and the Legislative Process under Federalism 19 3 Committees, Floor, and the Four Types of Senators 89 4 Te Drawer of Committees 145 5 Bosses at the Frontline 191 6 Conclusion 249 Erratum to: Presidents versus Federalism in the National Legislative Process E1 Index 279 xi Abbreviations Party Names Argentina AC Acción Chaqueña (Action of Chaco) ARI Afrmación para una República Igualitaria (Support for an Egalitarian Republic) CC Coalición Cívica (Civic Coalition) CR Cruzada Renovadora (Renewal Crusade) FPV Frente para la Victoria (Front for Victory) FR Fuerza Republicana (Republican Force) FREPASO Frente País Solidario (Front for a Country in Solidarity) MPF Movimiento Popular Fueguino (Fuego People’s Movement) MPN Movimiento Popular Neuquino (Neuquén People’s Movement) PA Partido Autonomista (Autonomist Party) PAIS Política Abierta para la Integridad Social (Open Politics for Social Integrity) PB Partido Bloquista (Bloc Party) PD Partido Demócrata (Democrat Party) PJ Partido Justicialista (Justicialist Party) xiii xiv Abbreviations PL Partido Liberal (Liberal Party) PRO Propuesta Republicana (Republican Proposal) PS Partido Socialista (Socialist Party) RS Renovador de Salta (Salta Renewal) UCR Unión Cívica Radical (Radical Civic Union)