Zur Entstehung Des Reichsfürstentums Liechtenstein
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Stamp Issue 14 June 2012
Markenbroschüre 2-12-e_Layout 1 04.04.12 14:04 Seite 25 STAMP ISSUE 14 JUNE 2012 300 YEARS OF THE LIECHTENSTEIN OBERLAND GERMANY – LIECHTENSTEIN JOINT STAMP LIECHTENSTEIN OLYMPIC SPORTS ASSOCIATION 2012 IN LONDON LIECHTENSTEIN PANORAMA – II GARDEN FLOWERS LIBA 2012 – POSTAL STATIONERY Markenbroschüre 2-12-e_Layout 1 04.04.12 14:03 Seite 2 3 300 Years of the Liechtenstein News from Philatelie Liechtenstein Oberland 6 Gemany – Liechtenstein Joint stamp Trade fairs 100 Years of Liechtenstein 10 Liechtenstein Olympic Sports Philatelie Liechtenstein will be repre- Stamps Association 2012 in London sented at the following stamp fair with Wednesday 9th May 2012 will see the 13 Liechtenstein Panoramas an information and sales stand: launch in the Vaduz Rathaussaal of the “Handbook of Liechtenstein Topical 16 Garden flowers 9–17 June 2012 Philately 1985-2011”, No. 35 in the 19 LIBA 2012 Salon du timbre 2012 Paris, France Swiss Topical Philately Association 21 Topical Philately Handbook publication series. This will be followed 22 Postmarks by a stroll through the Vaduz Städtle along the “100 Years of Liechtenstein 23 News from Liechtensteinische Stamps” Picture Walk to the National Post AG Museum. There the exhibition “The 24 LIBA 2012 ad-card and sticker Postage Stamp and its originals” will be officially opened and then viewed in a joint tour. Legal notice Publisher: © Liechtensteinische Post AG Editor: Philatelie Liechtenstein Text: Mathias Ospelt, Philatelie Liechtenstein Translation: Tradas Übersetzungsdienste, Schaan Design and typesetting: Gassner. Grafische Anstalt, Vaduz Printing: BVD Druck + Verlag AG, Schaan Photographs: Landesarchiv Liechtenstein 2 Markenbroschüre 2-12-e_Layout 1 04.04.12 14:03 Seite 3 300 Years of the Liechtenstein Oberland On 22nd February 2012 the Principality three, is far more abstract. -
Liechtenstein
© Lonely Planet Publications 716 717 Liechtenstein HIGHLIGHTS Vaduz Snap a picture of the royal castle with its stunning mountain backdrop in this tiny village masquerading as a capital ( p719 ) Malbun Just to say you did, write a postcard home from this ski resort. How many people really can say they were skiing in Liechtenstein? ( p721 ) Hiking trails Check out the country’s 400km of trails through stunning alpine scenery – this can be accomplished anywhere in the tiny principality ( p721 ) FAST FACTS Area 150 sq km (2½ Liechtensteins would fit into Andorra!) ATMS Found throughout Vaduz Budget Sfr50 to Sfr120 per day Capital Vaduz Famous for sending postcards home LIECHTENSTEIN stamped by the country’s postal service, dentures Head of State Prince Hans-Adam II Language German Population 32,860 Money Swiss franc (Sfr); A$1 = Sfr0.93; CA$1 = Sfr1.10; €1 = Sfr1.57; ¥100 = Telephone Codes country code %423; Sfr1.04; NZ$1 = Sfr0.80; UK£1 = Sfr2.34; international access code %00 US$1 = Sfr1.22 Time GMT/UTC + 1 Phrases guten tag (good day), danke Visas None required for citizens of the EU, (thanks), auf wiedersehen (goodbye), USA, Australia, Canada, New Zealand and sprechen sie Englisch? (do you speak Eng- South Africa lish?) TRAVEL HINTS The compact size of this principality means that you can stay outside Vaduz and still access all of the attractions. ROAMING LIECHTENSTEIN You can tour the entire country in a day if you want to, but better to spend a night in Vaduz and another in Malbun to really appreciate all it has to offer. -
Brochure of the Parliament Building.Pdf
Legal information Published by Liechtenstein Parliamentary Service, Josef Hilti, Secretary of Parliament · Concept / Graphic design Medienbuero AG Photos / Plans / Illustrations Paul Trummer, travel-lightart; Liechtenstein National Archives; Liechtenstein Parliamentary Service Printed by BVD Druck+Verlag AG · Print run 1200 copies · Published 2017 One has to work together with the right people, to respect and motivate them. Long-term success is possible only within the team. Klaus Steilmann 4 | Liechtenstein Parliament Contents FOREWORDS 7 President of Parliament Albert Frick Vice President of Parliament Gunilla Marxer-Kranz Parliamentary Secretary Josef Hilti THE STATE STRUCTURE 13 of the Principality of Liechtenstein PARLIAMENT 15 Duties and position within the structure of the state THE INSTITUTION OF PARLIAMENT 17 Commissions and delegations Members of Parliament 2017–2021 THE PARLIAMENTARY SERVICE 35 THE PARLIAMENTARY BUILDING 37 HISTORY 39 ASSEMBLY LOCATIONS 42 of the representative bodies of Liechtenstein THE PRESIDENTS OF PARLIAMENT 49 since 1862 Liechtenstein Parliament | 5 6 | Liechtenstein Parliament Parliamentary activities and international encounters In the general election of 5 February 2017 Liechten- stein chose continuity and stability. The balance of power between the various parties remained virtually unchanged, enabling the coalition government headed by the FBP to continue its work. While the difficult work of the past four years, which involved necessary cuts, was not universally well-received, it was however accepted in overall terms. Nevertheless, we safely pi- loted our ship of state through a challenging period, and this was recognised by voters when they confirmed the parliamentary majorities. The new legislative period will be marked by an im- portant anniversary. The Principality of Liechtenstein will be celebrating its 300th anniversary in 2019. -
The King and His Army: a New Perspective on the Military in 18Th Century Brandenburg-Prussia
international journal of military history and historiography 39 (2019) 34-62 IJMH brill.com/ijmh The King and His Army: A New Perspective on the Military in 18th Century Brandenburg-Prussia Carmen Winkel* Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [email protected] Abstract Brandenburg-Prussia has always occupied a special place in the German-speaking historiography. However, this has not resulted in a particularly differentiated state of research. Rather, the Prussian military of the 18th century is still characterized by at- tributes such as ‘monarchic’ and ‘absolutist, which unreflectively continues the narra- tives of 19th-century historiography. This article is explicitly challenging this image by assuming a differentiated concept of rulership as well as of the military in the 18th cen- tury. Using the aristocratic elites, it will examine how Frederick William I (1713–1740) and Frederick II (1740–1786) ruled the army, and ruled using the army. Keywords Brandenburg-Prussia – Absolutism – Frederick II – Nobility – Networking – Patronage – State Building 1 Introduction Prussia has in many respects been regarded as the archetype for the military in the Early Modern period, resulting in its developments being written large- ly for the early modern military in general. Brandenburg-Prussia has always * Dr Winkel earned her PhD from the University of Potsdam (Germany), researching the 18th century Prussian Army. University positions in Germany and China preceded her current post as Assistant Professor at Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University in Saudi Arabia. © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2019 | doi:10.1163/24683302-03901003Downloaded from Brill.com10/01/2021 06:17:56AM via free access <UN> The King and His Army 35 occupied a special place in the German-speaking historiography. -
Welcome to Liechtenstein!
Kontaktstelle fürFrauen Informations- und R FÜR EGI STENT ERU NG UM LIE CHT ENS TEIN Welcome to Liechtenstein Information for migrants english L W I n f o i r e m e a t c i l o c n h f o o r t m e m i g r n a n e t s s t t e o i n english Inhalt englisch 2009 RZ_Umbruch_Englisch 22.04.10 17:08 Seite II Credits Published by: infra (Informations- und Kontaktstelle für Frauen) Postfach, 9494 Schaan, tel 232 08 80 Stabsstelle für Chancengleichheit Äulestrasse 51, 9490 Vaduz, tel 236 60 60 Amt für Soziale Dienste Postplatz 2, 9494 Schaan, tel 236 72 72 Ausländer- und Passamt Städtle 38, 9490 Vaduz, tel 236 61 41 Editors: Gabi Jansen, Brigitte Rhiner, Claudia Heeb-Fleck, infra Design: beck grafikdesign, Planken Translation: futur2 gmbh, Buchs SG Printing: BVD Druc k+Verlag AG, Schaan Price: CHF 5.– 3rd edition, December 2009 This brochure is available in German, English, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish and Turkish. Inhaltenglisch2009RZ_Umbruch_Englisch29.04.1009:10Seite1 Contents 3 Preface 6 Geography and climate 9 Political system and economy 14 The most important aspects of day-to-day life 19 Religion 20 Entering the country 22 Right of residence/work permits/citizenship 28 Daily life/help with settling down 29 Schools/childcare 35 Insurance 41 Tax 42 Health 44 Social welfare 47 Vocational training, further education and other courses 50 Advice, information and support centres 52 Advice for women 54 Advice for men 55 Advice for couples 57 Senior citizens 58 Children and young people 60 The media 61 Sport and leisure 62 Museums and cultural -
Bakalářská Práce
Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze Fakulta managementu v Jindichov Hradci B a k a l á s k á p r á c e Tomáš Loudín 2008 Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze Fakulta managementu v Jindichov Hradci Comparison of the Economic Development of Five European Microstates in the Last 20 Years Vypracoval: Tomáš Loudín Vedoucí bakaláské práce: PhDr. Bohumil Kopiva J.Hradec, duben 2008 Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že bakaláskou práci na téma Comparison of the Economic Development of Five European Microstates in the Last 20 Years jsem vypracoval samostatn. Použitou literaturu a podkladové materiály uvádím v piloženém seznamu literatury. J.Hradec, duben 2008 podpis studenta Anotace Comparison of the Economic Development of Five European Microstates in the Last 20 Years Tato bakaláská práce podává základní informace o pti evropských mikrostátech (Andorra, Lichtenštejnsko, Malta, Monako, San Marino). V teoretické ásti práce popisuje geografický, demografický a historický pehled a politické a ekonomické podmínky. V praktické ásti práce porovnává vývoj jejich ekonomik za posledních 25 let pomocí nkolika indexu a ukazatel. Závr sumarizuje silné a slabé stránky jednotlivých ekonomik a dotýká se vztahu se zbytkem Evropy. duben 2008 Podkování Za cenné rady, námty a inspiraci bych chtl podkovat PhDr. Bohumilu Kopivovi, z Fakulty managementu VŠE v Jindichov Hradci. Table of contents 1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................1 2 Theoretical part - Five European Microstates ........................................................2 -
The German Concept of Citizenship Ulrich
First Draft (August 1998) The German Concept of Citizenship Ulrich Preuss I. Citizen and Burgher D Staatsbürger and Stadtbürger Whenever the German concept of citizenship is under study, the authors do not fail to hint to the etymological particularity that the German language lacks a term which manifests the roots of the concept in the city: etymologically the terms citizen, citoyen, cittadino and ciudades evidently point to some kind of belonging to the city. In the German language the analogous term is Staatsbürger. Kant, for instance, made it clear that when he spoke of the Bürger, he meant the "citoyen, d.i. Staatsbürger, nicht Stadtbürger, bourgeois". Equally Wieland, to whom the first usage of the German term Staatsbürger is frequently attributed, at least three different expressions: Staatsbürgerschaft, Staatsangehörigkeit, and Volksangehörigkeit express different elements of a status which, at least in the anglo-american tradition, is covered by the single word citizenship. If the political and juridical language uses certain distinctions it is safe to assume that they reflect significant material differences. The German triad Staatsbürgerschaft, Staatsangehörigkeit, and Volksangehörigkeit invokes the concepts of the 'state' and of the 'people' (Staat and Volk) and combines them with the term 'belonging' (Zugehörigkeit, Angehörigkeit), thus suggesting an affiliation of passive inclusion between the individual and the society rather than of active participation. Hence, when the German concept of citizenship is under scrutiny one should keep in mind that certain aspects of citizenship which are incorporated in a single concept in other countries may be disjoined in the German case and associated with separate terms and perhaps even different conceptions. -
Early and High Middle Ages
Federal Department of Foreign Affairs FDFA General Secretariat GS-FDFA Presence Switzerland Early and High Middle Ages Overview St Maurice’s Abbey, canton of Valais, founded in the 6th century and strategically positioned at a narrow section of the valley. © Marc- André Miserez/swissinfo The period which followed on from the Roman Empire and lasted from around 500 to 1000 AD is generally referred to as the Early Middle Ages. The area covered by present-day Switzerland underwent a similar development to that of the rest of Western Europe. The earliest centuries were marked by mass migration (Barbarian Invasions). Switzerland too saw the arrival of many different settlers, each bringing their own way of life and language. Christianity, which had already been introduced by the Romans, became widespread thanks partly to the work of missionaries. The Church, together with its dioceses and monasteries, became a major landowner and enjoyed all the attendant rights over the people who lived on and worked its lands. At the same time, noble families were expanding their power base through conquests, inheritance and marriage. For a brief period the King of the Franks, Charlemagne, controlled a large swathe of Western Europe. In 800 AD, he became the first medieval ruler to be crowned Emperor. Yet, the reign of Charlemagne did not establish any real idea of state. At each level of society, relations between the strong and weak were based on personal dependencies. The emperor ruled over a network of noble families, with kings, dukes and princes constantly jostling for greater power in a bid to preserve or add to the privileges they enjoyed. -
Peter H. Wilson Imperial Defence Integration Through Military
SHK-80.Buch : 06-Wilson 15 10-09-07 12:49:47 -po1- Benutzer fuer PageOne Integration Through Military Cooperation? 15 Peter H. Wilson Imperial Defence Integration Through Military Cooperation? The relationship between war, nationalism and state development is generally as- sumed to be a feature of modern history. Nations are regarded as having been forged in battle, either through wars of unification, liberation or secession. This is especially true for German history where nationalism is still widely interpreted as having been awakened by the Wars of Liberation against Napoleon, and subse- quently promoted by the process of mid-nineteenth century unification1. The as- sumptions underlying this approach need to be explored, before we can consider whether warfare may already have promoted identification with the early modern old Reich. This is largely unexplored historical territory. It is not yet possible to present definitive answers, and what follows is mainly intended to take stock of what is already known and to suggest a framework for possible future research. The standard approach relates nationalism to political centralisation and the development of large, permanent armies. Certain forms of political and military organisation are considered more likely to foster national awareness than others. War is identified as promoting nationalism primarily through the mechanism of resource mobilisation2. The need to raise soldiers and find the means to pay, feed and equip them forced states to transform their internal structures. Executive authority became centralised in the hands of powerful national governments, gen- erally organised as monarchies. Meanwhile, state infrastructure developed the ability to reach into the provinces, breaking down local particularism and inte- grating communities within a common administrative framework. -
Götz Von Berlichingen
GÖTZ VON BERLICHINGEN: SOLDIER, ENTREPRENEUR, RACONTEUR by Bradley M. Fansher A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in History Thesis Committee: Dr. Suzanne Sutherland, Chair Dr. Molly Taylor-Poleskey Middle Tennessee State University August 2020 ABSTRACT This thesis is a study of the life and times of Götz von Berlichingen (1480-1562), a German nobleman known for his iron fist and his legendary feuds. It argues that three identities defined Götz: a soldier, an entrepreneur, and a raconteur. The different layers of Götz’s identity emerged in response to the challenges in his life that sprang from the changes of the sixteenth century. These changes included the growth of the state, the decline of the nobility, the divisiveness of the Reformation, and the advent of a world view based on measurement. Despite some costly missteps, Götz responded well to new circumstances, so that by the end of his life he was more prosperous than many of his noble peers. Through a close reading of Götz’s autobiography, a social network analysis, and a comparative spatial study, the thesis elucidates the means of and the mentality behind Götz’s success. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1 Historiography ................................................................................................................. 5 Sources, Methods, Structure ........................................................................................ -
Organisation of the Education System in Liechtenstein 2009/2010
Organisation of the education system in Liechtenstein 2009/2010 LI European Commission EURYBASE LIECHTENSTEIN 1. Political, Social and Economic Background and Trends 6 1.1. Historical Overview 6 1.2. Main Executive and Legislative Bodies 8 1.3. Religions 10 1.4. Official and Minority Languages 10 1.5. Demographic Situation 10 1.6. Economic Situation 11 1.7. Statistics 12 2. General Organisation of the Education System and Administration of Education 14 2.1. Historical Overview 14 2.2. Ongoing Debates and future developments 16 2.3. Fundamental Principles and Basic Legislation 17 2.4. General Structure and Defining Moments in Educational Guidance 18 2.4.1. Kindergarten 18 2.4.2. Primary school 19 2.4.3. Secondary school (level I) 19 2.4.4. Secondary school (level II) 20 2.4.5. Vocational training 21 2.4.6. Tertiary Education 21 2.4.7. Adult education 22 2.5. Compulsory Education 23 2.6. General Administration 23 2.6.1. General Administration at National Level 24 2.6.2. General Administration at Regional Level 25 2.6.3. General Administration at Local Level 25 2.6.4. Educational Institutions, Administration, Management 25 2.7. Internal and External Consultation 26 2.7.1. Internal Consultation 26 2.7.2. External Consultation 26 2.8. Methods of Financing Education 26 2.9. Statistics 27 3. Pre-primary Education 28 3.1. Historical Overview 28 3.2. Ongoing Debates and future developments 29 3.3. Specific Legislative Framework 30 3.4. General Objectives 30 3.5. Geographical Accessibility 31 3.6. -
Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein 2016 Country Review http://www.countrywatch.com Table of Contents Chapter 1 1 Country Overview 1 Country Overview 2 Key Data 4 Liechtenstein 5 Europe 6 Chapter 2 8 Political Overview 8 History 9 Political Conditions 10 Political Risk Index 17 Political Stability 32 Freedom Rankings 47 Human Rights 59 Government Functions 61 Government Structure 63 Principal Government Officials 66 Leader Biography 69 Leader Biography 69 Foreign Relations 72 National Security 75 Defense Forces 76 Chapter 3 78 Economic Overview 78 Economic Overview 79 Nominal GDP and Components 85 Population and GDP Per Capita 87 Real GDP and Inflation 88 Government Spending and Taxation 89 Money Supply, Interest Rates and Unemployment 90 Foreign Trade and the Exchange Rate 91 Data in US Dollars 92 Energy Consumption and Production Standard Units 93 Energy Consumption and Production QUADS 94 World Energy Price Summary 95 CO2 Emissions 96 Agriculture Consumption and Production 97 World Agriculture Pricing Summary 99 Metals Consumption and Production 100 World Metals Pricing Summary 102 Economic Performance Index 103 Chapter 4 115 Investment Overview 115 Foreign Investment Climate 116 Foreign Investment Index 118 Corruption Perceptions Index 131 Competitiveness Ranking 143 Taxation 152 Stock Market 152 Partner Links 153 Chapter 5 154 Social Overview 154 People 155 Human Development Index 156 Life Satisfaction Index 159 Happy Planet Index 171 Status of Women 180 Global Gender Gap Index 182 Culture and Arts 192 Etiquette 193 Travel Information 194 Diseases/Health