Organisation of the Education System in Liechtenstein 2009/2010
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Organisation of the education system in Liechtenstein 2009/2010 LI European Commission EURYBASE LIECHTENSTEIN 1. Political, Social and Economic Background and Trends 6 1.1. Historical Overview 6 1.2. Main Executive and Legislative Bodies 8 1.3. Religions 10 1.4. Official and Minority Languages 10 1.5. Demographic Situation 10 1.6. Economic Situation 11 1.7. Statistics 12 2. General Organisation of the Education System and Administration of Education 14 2.1. Historical Overview 14 2.2. Ongoing Debates and future developments 16 2.3. Fundamental Principles and Basic Legislation 17 2.4. General Structure and Defining Moments in Educational Guidance 18 2.4.1. Kindergarten 18 2.4.2. Primary school 19 2.4.3. Secondary school (level I) 19 2.4.4. Secondary school (level II) 20 2.4.5. Vocational training 21 2.4.6. Tertiary Education 21 2.4.7. Adult education 22 2.5. Compulsory Education 23 2.6. General Administration 23 2.6.1. General Administration at National Level 24 2.6.2. General Administration at Regional Level 25 2.6.3. General Administration at Local Level 25 2.6.4. Educational Institutions, Administration, Management 25 2.7. Internal and External Consultation 26 2.7.1. Internal Consultation 26 2.7.2. External Consultation 26 2.8. Methods of Financing Education 26 2.9. Statistics 27 3. Pre-primary Education 28 3.1. Historical Overview 28 3.2. Ongoing Debates and future developments 29 3.3. Specific Legislative Framework 30 3.4. General Objectives 30 3.5. Geographical Accessibility 31 3.6. Admission Requirements and Choice of Institution/Centre 31 3.7. Financial Support for Pupils’ Families 31 3.8. Age Levels and Grouping of Children 31 3.9. Organisation of Time 32 3.9.1. Organisation of the Year 32 3.9.2. Weekly and Daily Timetable 32 3.10. Curriculum, Types of Activity, Number of Hours 32 3.11. Teaching Methods and Materials 33 3.12. Evaluation of Children 33 3.13. Support Facilities 33 3.14. Private Sector Provision 34 3.15. Organisational Variations and Alternative Structures 34 3.16. Statistics 34 4. Primary Education 35 4.1. Historical Overview 35 4.2. Ongoing Debates and future developments 38 4.3. Specific Legislative Framework 38 1 EURYBASE LIECHTENSTEIN 4.4. General Objectives 40 4.5. Geographical Accessibility 40 4.6. Admission Requirements and Choice of School 40 4.7. Financial Support for Pupils’ Families 41 4.8. Age Levels and Grouping of Pupils 42 4.9. Organisation of School Time 42 4.9.1. Organisation of the School Year 42 4.9.2. Weekly and Daily Timetable 43 4.10. Curriculum, Subjects, Number of Hours 44 4.11. Teaching Methods and Materials 45 4.12. Pupil Assessment 46 4.13. Progression of Pupils 46 4.14. Certification 47 4.15. Educational Guidance 47 4.16. Private Education 47 4.16.1. Formatio Bilingual Private School 48 4.16.2. The Liechtenstein Waldorfschule 48 4.16.3. Heilpädagogisches Zentrum 48 4.17. Organisational Variations and Alternative Structures 48 4.17.1. Schools abroad 48 4.17.2. Music school and School of Arts Liechtenstein 49 4.18. Statistics 49 5. Secondary and Post-Secondary Non-Tertiary Education 50 5.1. Historical Overview 51 5.1.1. General Education 51 5.1.2. Vocational Education 52 5.2. Ongoing Debates and future developments 54 5.3. Specific Legislative Framework 55 5.4. General Objectives 56 5.4.1. Lower Secondary Education 56 5.4.2. Upper Secondary Education 57 5.5. Types of Institution 58 5.6. Geographical Accessibility 59 5.7. Admission Requirements and Choice of School 60 5.8. Registration and/or Tuition Fees 60 5.9. Financial Support for Pupils 61 5.10. Age Levels and Grouping of Pupils 61 5.11. Specialisation of Studies 62 5.12. Organisation of School Time 62 5.12.1. Organisation of the School Year 62 5.12.2. Weekly and Daily Timetable 62 5.13. Curriculum, Subjects, Number of Hours 63 5.13.1. Time-table "Oberschule" (Lower Secondary Level) 65 5.13.2. Timbe-table "Realschule" (Lower Secondary Level) 66 5.13.3. Time-table lower level Gymnasium (Lower Secondary Level) 67 5.13.4. Time-table uppel level "Gymnasium" (Upper Secondary Level II) 67 5.13.5. Time-table "Vocation Middle School (Berufsmittelschule)" ("Upper Secondary Level II - Sekundarstufe II") 71 5.14. Teaching Methods and Materials 72 5.15. Pupil Assessment 73 5.16. Progression of Pupils 74 5.16.1. Lower secondary education ("Sekundarstufe I") 74 5.16.2. Upper secondary education ("Sekundarstufe II") 76 5.16.3. Vocational upper secondary education 76 5.17. Certification 76 5.17.1. Lower secondary education ("Sekundarstufe I"): 76 5.17.2. Upper secondary education ("Sekundarstufe II") 77 2 EURYBASE LIECHTENSTEIN 5.17.3. Vocational upper secondary education 77 5.18. Educational/Vocational Guidance, Education/Employment Links 78 5.18.1. Lower secondary education ("Sekundarstufe I"): 78 5.18.2. Upper general secondary education ("Sekundarstufe II"): 79 5.18.3. Vocational upper secondary education 79 5.19. Private Education 79 5.20. Organisational Variations and Alternative Structures 79 5.20.1. Schools abroad: 79 5.20.2. School of Arts Liechtenstein: 80 5.21. Statistics 80 6. Tertiary Education 81 6.1. Historical Overview 81 6.2. Ongoing Debates and future developments 82 6.3. Specific legal framework 83 6.4. General Objectives 83 6.5. Types of Institution 84 6.6. Admission Requirements 84 6.7. Registration and/or Tuition Fees 84 6.8. Financial Support for Students 84 6.9. organisation of the Academic Year 86 6.10. Branches of Study, Specialisation 86 6.11. Curriculum 87 6.12. Teaching Methods 87 6.13. Student Assessment 87 6.14. Progression of Students 87 6.15. Certification 88 6.16. Educational/Vocational Guidance, Education/Employment Links 89 6.17. Private Education 89 6.18. Organisational Variations, Alternative Structures 90 6.19. Statistics 91 7. Continuing Education and Training for Young School Leavers and Adults 92 7.1. Historical Overview 92 7.2. Ongoing Debates and future developments 93 7.3. Specific Legislative Framework 94 7.4. General Objectives 94 7.5. Types of Institution 95 7.5.1. Formal adult education 95 7.5.2. Non formal adult education 96 7.6. Geographical Accessibility 96 7.7. Admission Requirements 96 7.7.1. Formal adult education 96 7.7.2. Non formal adult education 97 7.8. Registration and/or Tuition Fees 98 7.8.1. Formal adult education 98 7.8.2. Non formal adult education 98 7.9. Financial Support for Learners 98 7.10. Main Areas of Specialisation 99 7.11. Teaching Methods 99 7.11.1. Formal adult education 99 7.11.2. Non formal adult education 99 7.12. Trainers 99 7.12.1. Formal adult education 99 7.12.2. Non formal adult education 100 7.13. Learner Assessment/ Progression 100 7.13.1. Formal adult education 100 7.13.2. Non formal adult education 100 3 EURYBASE LIECHTENSTEIN 7.14. Certification 101 7.14.1. Formal adult education 101 7.14.2. Non formal adult education 101 7.15. Education/Employment Links 101 7.16. Private Education 101 7.17. Statistics 102 8. Teachers and Other Education Staff 103 8.1. Initial Training of Teachers 103 8.1.1. Historical Overview 104 8.1.2. Ongoing Debates and future development 105 8.1.3. Specific Legislative Framework 105 8.1.4. Institutions, Level and Models of Training 106 8.1.5. Admission Requirements 107 8.1.6. Curriculum, Special Skills, Specialisation 107 8.1.7. Evaluation, Certificates 107 8.1.8. Alternative Training Pathways 107 8.2. Conditions of Service of Teachers 107 8.2.1. Historical Overview 108 8.2.2. Ongoing Debates and future developments 109 8.2.3. Specific Legislative Framework 109 8.2.4. Planning Policy 110 8.2.5. Entry to the Profession 110 8.2.6. Professional Status 112 8.2.7. Replacement Measures 113 8.2.8. Supporting Measures for Teachers 113 8.2.9. Evaluation of Teachers 113 8.2.10. In-service Training 113 8.2.11. Salaries 114 8.2.12. Working Time and Holidays 116 8.2.13. Promotion, Advancement 118 8.2.14. Transfers 118 8.2.15. Dismissal 118 8.2.16. Retirement and Pensions 119 8.3. School Administrative and/or Management Staff 119 8.3.1. Requirements for Appointment as a School Head 120 8.3.2. Working conditions 120 8.4. Staff involved in Monitoring Educational Quality 120 8.4.1. Requirements for Appointment as an Inspector 120 8.4.2. Conditions of Service 120 8.5. Educational Staff responsible for Support and Guidance 121 8.6. Other Educational Staff or Staff working with Schools 122 8.7. Statistics 123 9. Evaluation of Educational Institutions and the Education System 124 9.1. Historical Overview 124 9.2. Ongoing Debates and Future Developments 125 9.3. Administrative and Legislative Framework 125 9.4. Evaluation of Schools/Institutions 126 9.4.1. Internal Evaluation 126 9.4.2. External Evaluation 127 9.5. Evaluation of the Education System 127 9.6. Research into Education linked to evaluation of the Education System 128 9.7. Statistics 128 10. Special Educational Support 129 10.1. Historical Overview 130 10.2. Ongoing Debates and Future Developments 132 4 EURYBASE LIECHTENSTEIN 10.3. Definition and Diagnosis of the Target Group(s) 132 10.4. Financial Support for Pupils’ Families 133 10.5. Special Provision within Mainstream Education 133 10.5.1. Specific Legislative Framework 135 10.5.2.