V·Index of Linguistic Items
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Arabic Handwriting Synthesis
© Yousef S. I. Elarian 2014 iii Dedication dهل لوالدي ثم لكل محب To Allah Then, to my parents, and to all who helped, cared, or loved. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks again to my Lord, and to my Parents. Thanks to King Abdul Aziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) for granting and supporting this work (Project # GSP-18-112). Thanks to Dr. Sabri Mahmoud and to Dr. Muhammad Al-Mulhem. Deep Personal Thanks to Dr. Zidouri, Dr. Al-Khatib, and the committee members. Thanks to my colleagues: Sameh, Tanvir, Misbahuddin, Irfan, Anas, and to all who helped that this dissertation is completed Thanks from the heart. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................... V TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... VI LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... IX LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................ XI LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................... XIV ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ XVII XIX .................................................................................................................... ملخص الرسالة CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. -
A Collection of Mildly Interesting Facts About the Little Symbols We Communicate With
Ty p o g raph i c Factettes A collection of mildly interesting facts about the little symbols we communicate with. Helvetica The horizontal bars of a letter are almost always thinner than the vertical bars. Minion The font size is approximately the measurement from the lowest appearance of any letter to the highest. Most of the time. Seventy-two points equals one inch. Fridge256 point Cochin most of 50the point Zaphino time Letters with rounded bottoms don’t sit on the baseline, but slightly below it. Visually, they would appear too high if they rested on the same base as the squared letters. liceAdobe Caslon Bold UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES LOLITA LOLITA In Ancient Rome, scribes would abbreviate et (the latin word for and) into one letter. We still use that abbreviation, called the ampersand. The et is still very visible in some italic ampersands. The word ampersand comes from and-per-se-and. Strange. Adobe Garamond Regular Adobe Garamond Italic Trump Mediaval Italic Helvetica Light hat two letters ss w it cam gue e f can rom u . I Yo t h d. as n b ha e rt en ho a s ro n u e n t d it r fo w r s h a u n w ) d r e e m d a s n o r f e y t e t a e r b s , a b s u d t e d e e n m t i a ( n l d o b s o m a y r S e - d t w A i e t h h t t , h d e n a a s d r v e e p n t m a o f e e h m t e a k i i l . -
Super Duper Semaphore Or, As We Like to Call It
Super Duper Semaphore Or, as we like to call it ... Flag Texting! Hello Lieutenants ... You can have a whole lot of fun with just a couple of hand flags. Even if you don’t have actual flags, you can make your own using items found around your home, like tea towels, or even two smelly old socks tied to some sticks! As long as you’re having fun ... be inventive. What’s it all about? Well, believe it or not, a great way for ships near (in range of) each other or ships wanting to communicate to the land is to use ‘Flag Semaphore’. It’s a bit like sending a text message ... but with your arms. It has been used for hundreds of years on both land and sea (from the sea, red and yellow flags are used). The word semaphore is Greek for ‘Sign-bearer’ Here’s how it works… Each letter of the alphabet has its own arm position (plus a few extras that we will cover in later ranks). Once you can remember these, you can send loads of hidden messages to your friends and family. Check these out ... ABCDEFG HIJKLM NOPQR STUVWX YZ How cool is that? To send a message the ‘sender’ gets the attention of the ‘receiver’ by waving their arms (and flags) by their side in an up and down motion (imagine flapping your arms like a bird). Don’t worry if you make mistakes or the receiver translates your signals into silly words - we’ve had lots of fun practicing this, and it will take time to become a Super Signaller! Are you ready to send your message? One letter at a time? Remember to pause between each letter and a bit longer between words to accurately get your message through. -
New Cambridge History of the English Language
New Cambridge History of the English Language Volume III: Change, transmission and ideology Editor: Joan Beal (Sheffield) I The transmission of English 1. Dictionaries in the history of English (John Considine) 2. Writing grammars for English (Ingrid Tieken) 3. Speech representation in the history of English (Peter Grund) 4. The history of English in the digital age (Caroline Tagg and Melanie Evans) 5. Teaching the history of English (Mary Hayes) 6. Internet resources for the history of English (Ayumi Miura) II Tracing change in the history of English 7. The history of English style (Nuria Yáñez Bouza / Javier Perez Guerra) 8. The system of verbal complementation (Hendrik de Smet) 9. Tense and aspect in the history of English (Teresa Fanego) 10. Development of the passive (Peter Petré) 11. Adverbs in the history of English (Ursula Lenker) 12. The story of English negation (Gabriella Mazzon) 13. Case variation in the history of English (Anette Rosenbach) 14. The noun phrase the history of English (Wim van der Wurff) 15. Relativisation (Cristina Suárez Gómez) 16. The development of pragmatic markers (Laurel Brinton) 17. Recent syntactic change in English (Jill Bowie and Bas Aarts) 18. Semantic change (Justyna Robinson) 19. Phonological change (Gjertrud Stenbrenden) 20. The history of R in English (Patrick Honeybone) 21. Reconstructing pronunciation (David Crystal) 22. Spelling practices and emergent standard writing (Juan Camilo Conde Silvestre and Juan Manuel Hernández Campoy) NewCHEL Vol. 3: Change, transmission and ideology Page 2 of 62 III Ideology, society and the history of English 23. The ideology of standard English (Lesley Milroy) 24. English dictionaries in the 18th and 19th centuries (Charlotte Brewer) 25. -
Eie312 Communications Principles
EIE312 COMMUNICATIONS PRINCIPLES Outline: Principles of communications: 1. An elementary account of the types of transmission (Analogue signal transmission and digital signal transmission). Block diagram of a communication system. 2. Brief Historical development on communications: a. Telegraph b. Telephony c. Radio d. Satellite e. Data f. Optical and mobile communications g. Facsimile 3. The frequency Spectrum 4. Signals and vectors, orthogonal functions. 5. Fourier series, Fourier integral, signal spectrum, convolution, power and energy correlation. 6. Modulation, reasons for modulation, types of modulation. 7. Amplitude modulation systems: a. Comparison of amplitude modulation systems. b. Methods of generating and detecting AM, DBS and SSB signals. c. Vestigial sideband d. Frequency mixing and multiplexing, frequency division multiplexing e. Applications of AM systems. 8. Frequency modulation systems: 1 a. Instantaneous frequency, frequency deviation, modulation index, Bessel coefficients, significant sideband criteria b. Bandwidth of a sinusoidally modulated FM signal, power of an FM signal, direct and indirect FM generation, c. Various methods of FM demodulation, discriminator, phase-lock loop, limiter, pre- emphasis and de-emphasis, Stereophonic FM broadcasting 9. Noise waveforms and characteristics. Thermal noise, shot noise, noise figure and noise temperature. Cascade network, experimental determination of noise figure. Effects of noise on AM and FM systems. 10. Block diagram of a superheterodyne AM radio receiver, AM broadcast mixer, local oscillator design, intermodulation interference, adjacent channel interference, ganging, tracking error, intermediate frequency, automatic gain control (AGC), delay AGC, diode detector, volume control. 11. FM broadcast band and specification, Image frequency, block diagram of a FM radio receiver, limiter and ratio detectors, automatic frequency control, squelch circuit, FM mono and FM stereo receivers. -
Chloé Quenum + Adrian Dan: Minimally Invasive 26.02 --- 26.3.2015
Chloé Quenum + Adrian Dan: Minimally Invasive 26.02 --- 26.3.2015 opening / february 26, 2015 / 19:00h Galeria Nicodim Bucharest Cantacuzino Palace Nr. 141, Victoria Street 010 071 Bucharest, Sector 1 Romania The drudgery of creative professionalism. A mix---up in the wash. Your best black shirt now looks like the skin of an old bronze statue, weepy with corrosion. There’s that jacket that makes you look interesting. Some tchotchkes on the desk. The obsolete deftness with which you made emoticons, now quaint as shorthand, or flag semaphore. Hopping from capital---to---capital, the same sleek wooden angles backed by a different iconic skyline at the best hotel in . Thumbing through pictures of an old crush on your phone, some old notes from a previous “project” tucked away until they are of use again. Maybe it’s time for a new shelf, one that angles just so.... Of all the shelves being built in the world, surely there is one that is just right. Surely someone has thought of you. There’s always time to rearrange the furniture; the fettered sticks that make up letters and words; the rows of images that don’t make a story. Adrian Dan (born 1985 in Constanta, Romania) works and lives in Paris. Adrian graduated as MA (honors) in 2011 at Ecole Nationale Superieure des Beaux Arts (ENSBA) in Paris. He had solo exhibitions in Paris and Bucharest, participated in group exhibitions in Brussels, Bucharest and Paris and is currently one of six researchers in residence at Marfa, Texas. Chloe Quenum (born 1983 in Paris, France) works and lives in Paris. -
Flags and Banners
Flags and Banners A Wikipedia Compilation by Michael A. Linton Contents 1 Flag 1 1.1 History ................................................. 2 1.2 National flags ............................................. 4 1.2.1 Civil flags ........................................... 8 1.2.2 War flags ........................................... 8 1.2.3 International flags ....................................... 8 1.3 At sea ................................................. 8 1.4 Shapes and designs .......................................... 9 1.4.1 Vertical flags ......................................... 12 1.5 Religious flags ............................................. 13 1.6 Linguistic flags ............................................. 13 1.7 In sports ................................................ 16 1.8 Diplomatic flags ............................................ 18 1.9 In politics ............................................... 18 1.10 Vehicle flags .............................................. 18 1.11 Swimming flags ............................................ 19 1.12 Railway flags .............................................. 20 1.13 Flagpoles ............................................... 21 1.13.1 Record heights ........................................ 21 1.13.2 Design ............................................. 21 1.14 Hoisting the flag ............................................ 21 1.15 Flags and communication ....................................... 21 1.16 Flapping ................................................ 23 1.17 See also ............................................... -
Index of Linguistic Items
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42359-5 — The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language 3rd Edition David Crystal Index More Information VI INDEX OF LINGUISTIC ITEMS A auto 322, 330, 493 classist 189 -eau(x) 213 auto- 138 c’mon 79 -ectomy 210 a indefinite article 234–5, 350 aye 346 co- 138 -ed form 208, 210, 216, 223, 224, 237, short vs long 327, 345, 371 cockroach 149 346, 350 verb particle 367 B colour 179 -ed vs t (verb ending) 216, 331, 493 a- 138, 335 contra- 138 -ee 210, 220 -a noun singular 212 /b-/, /-b/ (sound symbolism) 263 could 224 -een 358 noun plural 212 B/b 271, 280 counter- 138 -eer 210, 220 -a- (linking vowel) 139 babbling 483 cowboy 148 eh 319 A/a 271, 280 back of 331 crime 176 eh? 230, 362 AA (abbreviations) 131 bad 211 curate’s egg 437 elder/eldest 211 -able 210, 223 barely 230 cyber- 452 elfstedentocht 383 ableism 189 bastard 263 Elizabeth 158 -acea 210 be 224, 233, 237, 243, 367 D -elle 160 a crapella 498 inflected 21, 363 ’em 287 -ae (plural) 213 regional variation 342 /d-/, /-d/ (sound symbolism) 263 en- 138 after (aspectual) 358, 363 be- 138 D/d 271, 280–1 encyclop(a)edia 497 -age 210, 220 be about to 236 da 367 encyclopediathon 143 ageist 189 been 367 danfo 495 -ene 160 agri- 139 be going to 96, 236 dare 224 -en form 21, 210, 212, -aholic 139 Berks 97 data 213 346, 461 -aid 143, 191 best 211 daviely 352 Englexit 124 ain’t 319, 498 be to 236 De- 160 -er adjective base ending 211 aitch 359 better 211 de- 138 familiarity marker 141, 210 -al 210, 220, 223 between you and I 206, 215 demi- 138 noun ending -
Using Action-Level Metrics to Report the Performance of Multi-Step Keyboards
Using Action-Level Metrics to Report the Performance of Multi-Step Keyboards Gulnar Rakhmetulla* Ahmed Sabbir Arif† Steven J. Castellucci‡ Human-Computer Interaction Group Human-Computer Interaction Group Independent Researcher University of California, Merced University of California, Merced Toronto I. Scott MacKenzie§ Caitlyn E. Seim¶ Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Mechanical Engineering York University Stanford University Table 1: Conventional error rate (ER) and action-level unit error rate ABSTRACT (UnitER) for a constructive method (Morse code). This table illustrates Computer users commonly use multi-step text entry methods on the phenomenon of using Morse code to enter “quickly” with one handheld devices and as alternative input methods for accessibility. character error (“l”) in each attempt. ER is 14.28% for each attempt. These methods are also commonly used to enter text in languages One of our proposed action-level metrics, UnitER, gives a deeper with large alphabets or complex writing systems. These methods insight by accounting for the entered input sequence. It yields an error require performing multiple actions simultaneously (chorded) or rate of 7.14% for the first attempt (with two erroneous dashes), and in a specific sequence (constructive) to produce input. However, an improved error rate of 3.57% for the second attempt (with only evaluating these methods is difficult since traditional performance one erroneous dash). The action-level metric shows that learning has metrics were designed explicitly for non-ambiguous, uni-step meth- occurred with a minor improvement in error rate, but this phenomenon ods (e.g., QWERTY). They fail to capture the actual performance of is omitted in the ER metric, which is the same for both attempts. -
VMD134 Calligraphy
VMD134 Calligraphy Grendl Löfkvist • Instructor CCSF CALLIGRAPHY [VMD134] O COURSE WEBSITE grph151.wordpress.com YAHOO GROUP [email protected] CLASS MEETINGS Ocean Campus, VART Room 142 Mondays, August 21 – October 23, 2017 6:00 p.m. – 8:50 p.m. INSTRUCTOR Grendl Löfkvist [email protected] OFFICE HOURS Mondays, 5:30 p.m. – 5:50 p.m. COURSE REQUIREMENTS COURSE This class is a fun and exciting hands-on introduction to various techniques and styles of DESCRIPTION handlettering and calligraphy. At the end of this course, you should have an appreciation for the written letterform and its history, an understanding of how it relates to type design, and the resources to further pursue the study and practice of scripts and letterforms. CLASS This class meets for 8 class sessions from 6:00 – 8:50 p.m. Class time will include hands- MEETINGS on practice as well as demonstrations, critiques, and discussions. If you need to miss more than one class/homework deadline in a row, please contact me in advance to avoid being dropped from the class. LEARNING Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify and discuss historical and OUTCOMES contemporary styles of calligraphy, prepare a surface and work environment for calligraphy practice, demonstrate various styles of calligraphy such as Rustic Roman, Uncials, and Copperplate, use an iterative process to create a calligraphic layout, and demonstrate the use of various calligraphic tools and materials. TEXTBOOKS AND REQUIRED COURSE READER AND SYLLABUS assembled by Grendl Löfkvist (bring to class!) READINGS SUPPLEMENTARY (OPTIONAL) READINGS: supplementary handouts and specimen sheets available on the course website, and a bibliography of recommended readings is provided along with the course reader. -
Problems to Be Completed in 90 Minutes
ACM International Collegiate Contest 2014 East Central Regional PRACTICE Contest Grand Valley State University University of Cincinnati University of Windsor Youngstown State University November 7, 2014 Sponsored by IBM Rules: 1. There are three problems to be completed in 90 minutes. 2. All questions require you to read the test data from standard input and write results to standard output. You cannot use files for input or output. Additional input and output specifications can be found in the General Information Sheet. 3. When displaying results, follow the format in the Sample Output for each problem. Unless other- wise stated, all whitespace in the Sample Output consists of exactly one blank character. 4. The allowed programming languages are C, C++ and Java. 5. All programs will be re-compiled prior to testing with the judges' data. 6. Non-standard libraries cannot be used in your solutions. The Standard Template Library (STL) and C++ string libraries are allowed. The standard Java API is available, except for those packages that are deemed dangerous by contestant officials (e.g., that might generate a security violation). 7. The input to all problems will consist of multiple test cases. 8. Programming style is not considered in this contest. You are free to code in whatever style you prefer. Documentation is not required. 9. All communication with the judges will be handled by the PC2 environment. 10. Judges' decisions are to be considered final. No cheating will be tolerated. 2014 East Central Regional PRACTICE Contest 1 Problem A: The Cost of Moving You've been put in charge of reorganizing the inventory at Amalgamated, Inc. -
Havrankova-Thesis Archive.Pdf
Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of English and American Studies English Language and Literature Anna Havránková The Role of Stereotypes in Phonaesthetic Perception: Celtic Accents of English Bachelor's Diploma Thesis Supervisor: PhDr. Kateřina Tomková, Ph.D. 2017 5 / declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. Author's signature 6 Acknowledgements: First, and most of all, I would like to thank my supervisor PhDr. Kateřina Tomková, Ph.D. for offering her expertise and valuable insight, aiding greatly throughout the whole process. I would also like to thank everyone who took their time to participate in the research, as well as those who helped to spread the word amongst other potential respondents, for without them the research would not have been successful. 7 Table of Contents List of figures 10 List of tables H Introduction 12 1. Phonology of Celtic accents 15 1.1 Accent versus dialect 15 1.2 Received pronunciation (RP) 16 1.2.1 Vowels 17 1.2.2 Consonants 18 1.2.3 Prosodic features 20 1.3 Standard Scottish English (SScE) 21 1.3.1 Vowels 21 1.3.2 Consonants 24 1.3.3 Prosodic features 25 lAIrish English (IrE) 25 1.4.1 Vowels 26 1.4.2 Consonants 28 1.4.3. Prosodic features 29 1.5 Phonaestethics 30 2. Sociolinguistics and accent 31 8 2.1 Accent and prestige 32 2.2 Media stereotypes 35 3. Practical section 38 3.1 Research methods and goals 38 3.2 Preliminary expectations 40 3.3 Results from group A - "watchers " 40 3.3.1 SScE 41 3.3.2 IrE 45 3.4.