Philae : A made to measure battery Richard Hague ESTEC AIM Workshop 22/23 Feb 2016

Agenda

1 SAFT’s Space Heritage

2 Philae

3 ExoMars Rover

AIM Saft proprietary information – Confidential 2 presnetation

SAFT’S SPACE 1 HERITAGE

3 AIM 22/02 Saft proprietary information – Confidential Space Satellites

163 satellites in-orbit with Li-ion (GEO, MEO & Saft Satellite battery solutions LEO): 125 operational LEO/MEO & SMALL GEO GEO – More than 470 millions of cell.hours with no failure or deviation VES16 cell VES180 cell

– Total over 2.1 MWh in-orbit ‒ 12 years in orbit ‒ 18 years in orbit ‒ 60,000 cycles ‒ Up to 80% DOD – More than 316 batteries and 15,000 cells in-orbit ‒ Up to 30% DOD ‒ 140 Wh/kg ‒ 155 Wh/kg ‒ 4.5 Ah ‒ 45 Ah

110 GEO satellites launched today with VES technology ‒ 115 g ‒ 1.05 kg

– W3A launched close to 11 years ago : 14th March 2004 with VES140

– -D3 launched 21st Aug 2009 with VES180 , and currently 21 satellites with VES180

– Last launches: Express AMU1, Inmarsat 5, Mexat 2, ARSAT 2, GSAT16, APSTAR 9

5 MEO satellites flying with VES technology: 8S4P VES16 4P13S VES180 with – Giove-B flying since April 08 ISIS

– 4 Galileo IOV launched in Nov 2011 with VES180 48 LEO satellites are in-orbit with VES or MPS Li-ion technology

– 1 with VES16: Teleos-1

– 5 with VES technology: Calipso, Corot, Jason, SMOS, SRE1, Kompsat 3 (with ISIS electronic), Gokturc2

– 42 with MPS technology: Agile, SSETI, Proba-2, NanoSat-1B, Iridium constellation Airbus EUROSTAR CanX-2, NTS, OG2, Techdemosat

4 AIM 22/02 Saft proprietary information – Confidential Space Launchers

Onboard Ariane launcher since first launch in Saft launcher battery solutions 1979, with Ag-Zn and Ni-Cd technology ECA VEGA – Total of 227 launches since Ariane 1 without failure nor deviation (at battery level)

– Ariane 5 ECA equipped with Ag-Zn and Ni-Cd technology

Avionics - AgZn Avionics – Li-ion Onboard VEGA launcher with Li-ion technology – 4 launches

– Energy and Power li-ion batteries for Avionics, telemetry and TVC

– Ni-Cd for safeguard Cryogenic pumps - AgZn Telemetry – Li-ion

Onboard SOYUZ for Kourou launcher with Ni-Cd technology – 10 launches

– Ni-Cd for safeguard Safeguard - NiCd TVC – Li-ion Development of new generation of launcher batteries with Li-primary technologies

5 AIM 22/02 Saft proprietary information – Confidential PHILAE

2 A MADE TO MEASURE BATTERY

6 AIM 22/02 Saft proprietary information – Confidential An ambitious and complex mission

• 1st Challenge : To comply to the mass and dimensional requirements.

• 2nd Challenge : Withstand the mechanical and thermal conditions of the launch.

• 3rd Challenge : The 10 year cruise phase.

• 4th Challenge : The wake-up stage.

• 5th Challenge : The mission

7 AIM 22/02 Saft proprietary information – Confidential An off the shelf cell : LSH20

– A very energetic cell, designed for demanding applications and environments. 13Ah

– The selection for the flight involved a number of tests, defined and realised with the participation of CNES.

– The mechanical resistance of the cell was improved during this program.

– A number of cells and batteries were stored at SAFT in the same temperature conditions of the mission.

– Periodical discharges were done to give an idea of the batteries expected performance and anticipated utilisation.

8 AIM 22/02 Saft proprietary information – Confidential A made to measure battery

• Mass: 3.0kg • Volume (mm): W=110, L=150, H=215 • 8S4P configuration • Capacity: 28 Ah • Voltage: 26 V • Operating temperature: +10 to +30°C • Discharge : 3A, 7 hours • The battery should deliver 60 hours of autonomy for the mission on the comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko by generating the required energy for:

o The scientifique instruments o Communication transmissions Installation in Philae (July o Data transfer 2003)

9 AIM 22/02 Saft proprietary information – Confidential Two years of study, manufacturing and tests.

– In all, ten models were manufactured from the mechanical to flight model.

– Computer models were used to simulate the electrical, mechanical and thermal characteristics.

– The qualification of the flight model was validated by the number of tests defined and realised with the partnership of CNES .

– The concept of the battery was done to minimise the mass and to ensure the completion of the mission.

10 AIM 22/02 Saft proprietary information – Confidential 60 hours of hard work

– The 12 November 2014 Philae touches down on the comet.

– After three rebounds it finds itself under a cliff.

– The duration of the discharge of the flight battery was above the 60 hours predicted.

– The primary LSH20 battery allowed to do all of the planned experiments as per the initial plan (apart from the drilling due to the position of the probe).

Conclusion

11 AIM 22/02 Saft proprietary information – Confidential Going forward – Mascot - 1.

– Same philosophy as Philae – Same challenges as regards to the requirements – Building on the success of the Philae battery – 3S3P LSH20 configuration – FM Launched on Hayabusa 2 in December 2014 from Japan. – Battery wake-up in July 2018 when it arrives to asteroid 1999 JU3.

12 AIM 22/02 Saft proprietary information – Confidential

3 EXOMARS ROVER

13 AIM 22/02 Saft proprietary information – Confidential ExoMars - The mission

Stevenage, UK

The objective of the ExoMars Program is to search for evidence of current or extinct life on the red planet as part of a branch of science called exobiology.

14 AIM 22/02 Saft proprietary information – Confidential The same philosophy - off the shelf cell & made to measure battery

– The ExoMars Rover battery system is based on Saft’s MP 176065 Integration XTD cells. – A key advantage of these Li-ion cells is their compact, lightweight design that minimizes the overall battery mass, so that more of the mission payload can be utilized for scientific instrumentation. – Furthermore, the cells have been developed to deliver high performance in demanding operating conditions, even when subject to extreme fluctuations in temperature from -40 ˚C to +85 ˚C.

– Saft is scheduled to deliver the battery system before the end of 2016 to meet ESA’s launch plans for 2018…..

15 AIM 22/02 Saft proprietary information – Confidential The same philosophy - off the shelf cell & made to measure battery

Electrical characteristics MP 176065 xtd Nominal capacity at C/5, +25°C 5.6 Ah Nominal voltage 3.7 V Nominal energy 20.7 Wh Electrochemistry Specific Li-ion Physical characteristics Length 60.5 mm Width 18.6 mm Height 68.7 mm Charge conditions Charge method CC/CV End of charge voltage 4.2 V Charge temperature -40°C / +85°C Max continuous charge current 1C rate Discharge conditions Discharge cut-off voltage 2.7 V Discharge temperature -40°C / +85°C Max. continuous discharge rate 2C rate

16 AIM 22/02 Saft proprietary information – Confidential The same philosophy - off the shelf cell & made to measure battery

– Extremely Mass critical – late to the party – High temperature during AIT 50°C – & cruise phase 40°C with cycling (140) – Mission - Low temperature operation down to -20°C during the night. – Minimum 218 sols (cycles) – Planetary Protection requirements. – 7S8P configuration – Power (nominal) : 1142Wh

17 AIM 22/02 Saft proprietary information – Confidential Thank you for your attention

Any questions?

Click to edit the footnote

Presentation Saft proprietary information – Confidential 18 title