DOCSLIB.ORG

Brazil's Fighter Choice Will Not Be an Easy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Brazil's Fighter Choice Will Not Be an Easy jdw.janes.com s JDW s 31 March 2010 s 23 ANALYSIS had teamed with Embraer and promoted the Mirage 2000BR. The programme was cancelled Brazil’s fighter choice by the Lula administration in February 2005 and the funds were reportedly allocated to social development projects. The FAB was instructed to find an interim will not be an easy one solution to replace its ageing Mirages. Upgraded second hand options were offered by Israel, South Africa, Russia and the Netherlands, but France’s Brazil’s president has said that political, economic offer of a dozen Mirage 2000s armed with new generation air-to-air munitions for EUR100 mil- and social factors will be a major consideration in lion (USD135 million) was the winner. If we include the transfer of the Foch aircraft the selection of the FX-2 next-generation fighter carrier to the Brazilian Navy in 2000, it is clear from this point on that France was looking to aircraft. Iñigo Guevara reports strengthen its defence relationship with Brazil in anticipation of future contracts. A French defence official told this author in 2007: “We wouldn’t he selection of a new generation fighter was taken up in 1974 and it formed the have sold our [aircraft] carrier to just anyone.” fighter to satisfy a Brazilian Air Force backbone of Brazil’s fighter assets, complement- The Brazilian MoD published its new (FAB) requirement has become one ing the Mirages. National Defence Strategy in December 2008, of the most delayed and controversial From this point on, the FAB’s combat assets which was followed by the most ambitious programmes of the decade. were distributed into three tiers of fighters: the long-term defence procurement plan in Latin TMinister of Defence Nelson Jobim said on air defence F-103 Mirage, the tactical F-5 Tiger America. France has so far been awarded three 19 March that a political decision would be and the armed reconnaissance AT-26 Xavante: a programmes worth well over USD10 billion. announced on 5 April. The decision will be based licence copy of the Italian MB326 armed jet. Selection of the Super Hornet, Rafale or on political, economic and social factors, as well By the mid 1980s the Brazilian defence indus- Gripen NG will disrupt Brazil’s three-tier as the type’s defence capabilities, according to try had flourished and was supplying regimes structure, replacing it with a two-tier force President Luiz Inácio ‘Lula’ da Silva. throughout the Middle East, North Africa and comprised of the FX and the turbo-prop ALX The decision between the Boeing F/A-18E/F Latin America. Co-operation with Italy con- (Super Tucano). Using a fighter the size of Super Hornet, Dassault Rafale or Saab Gripen tinued and led to the development of the AMX Rafale to replace the F-5 and AMX fleets rep- NG is not an easy one. Three governments are attack-fighter, which reached Brazilian squad- resents a complete overkill of defence needs. heavily pushing their country’s option and Lula rons in 1989, replacing some Xavantes, and Also, even with Brazil’s booming economy, it is under intense international pressure: US Secre- expanding the ‘tactical” tier. The Brazilian is doubtful that it will be able to fund procure- tary of State Hillary Clinton was in Brazil in early version differed slightly from its Italian coun- ment and maintenance for a fleet of 120 Rafales. March promoting the Super Hornet among other terpart as Brazil was not cleared to receive the The same applies to the Super Hornet, which issues; French President Nicolas Sarkozy is back- M61 Vulcan cannon. Again, France stepped in is additionally hampered by US export con- ing Brazil’s ambitions to have a permanent seat and offered the DEFA 30 mm cannon. Plans to trols. Furthermore, a market for Brazilian-built at the UN Security Council as a bid to strengthen replace the entire Xavante fleet with 144 AMXs Rafales or Super Hornets in the region is simply the Franco-Brazilian strategic alliance; and the soon faded due to lack of funding and production non-existent. King of Sweden visited Brazil on March 22 to was limited to 56 examples. Replacement of the Press leaks appear to indicate that the FAB promote the Gripen NG. remainder of the Xavante fleet started in the late favours Gripen NG. Its lower cost, high technol- The FX-2 requirement was published in Octo- 1990s, with the selection of the Super Tucano for ogy, easier maintenance and export feasibility ber 2008 along with a shortlist of contenders a requirement known as ALX. make it the most appealing replacement for the including the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, Rafale While the F-5 fleet was subjected to a major F-5 and AMX. However, selecting Gripen may F3 and Gripen NG. The initial phase comprises upgrade programme during the early 2000s, the not be sufficient for Brazil’s strategic ambitions the acquisition of 20 to 36 fighters to be followed air defence Mirages were running out of flight as Sweden’s political weight in the international by licence production of the selected type to time. In 2001 the FAB launched a programme arena cannot compare to that of the US or France. replace its entire jet fighter fleet. to select a replacement known as FX. FX had an Making a “political” decision may prove harder Rafale has been acknowledged as the lead- initial budget of USD700 million and sought to than it sounds. ing contender because of France’s political and acquire 12 multirole fourth-generation fighters. The best option for Brazil if it were to select defence proximity with Brazil. Lula and Jobim Candidates included the F-16C, JAS-39 Gripen, Rafale or Super Hornet would be to use technol- have expressed it as their personal favourites. Su-35 Super Flanker and Mirage 2000. Dassault ogy transfers to develop its own lightweight/ When Brazil first sought to acquire an air low-to-medium-cost fighter, which could be defence fighter in the late 1960s it initially used to replicate the market success so far expe- selected the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom Selection of the rienced by the Tucano/Super Tucano series. II. However, it had to revert to further study The phrase “full technology transfer” trans- when it became clear that the US would not clear lates into Brazilian independence in fighter it for export to the Junta-run South American Super Hornet, design, production and marketing. The outcome nation. France stepped in and offered the Mirage will depend on the country’s immediate defence III in 1970. Rafale or Gripen NG needs and long-term vision. From 1972 Dassault’s Mirage became the Iñigo Guevara is author of ‘Latin American country’s main air defence fighter, forming a Fighters’, a history of fighter jets in service with squadron-sized group out of the central Annapo- will disrupt Brazil’s Latin American countries since 1947. Guevara lis airbase, some 90 miles from the capital. A US is a fellow at Georgetown University’s Security offer for the less expensive Northrop F-5 tactical three-tier structure Studies Program and a JDW Correspondent.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rafale Fighter Jet the Dassault Rafale Jet Is a Multirole Fighter Jet Designed and Built by Dassault Aviation, a French Aircraft Manufacturer
    Rafale Fighter Jet The Dassault Rafale Jet is a multirole fighter jet designed and built by Dassault Aviation, a French aircraft manufacturer. The name Rafale means ‘gust of wind’ or ‘burst of fire’ in a military sense. This article will give details about the Rafale fighter jet within the context of the IAS Exam. Origins of the Rafale Fighter Jet Towards the closing decades of the Cold War in the 1970s, the French military was looking to replace their current fleets of aircraft. To mitigate development coasts ad earn a hefty profit, France signed deals with the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy to produce a multirole fighter jet, the Eurofighter Typhoon. However, multiple disagreements over intellectual property rights, workshare and difference in requirements led France to back out of the deal and pursue its own aircraft development programme. The French government released a tender where they invited major defence contractors to demonstrate their technology. The tender was awarded to Dassault in July 1986 as a part of an eight-year-flight-test programme, laying the groundwork of the Rafale fighter jet project. The Rafale is unique in the sense that it is the only aircraft of its time to be solely built by France, that involved major French defence contractors, such as Dassault and Thales. Acquisition by the Indian Airforce In order to boost its air superiority parameters, the Indian Force placed orders for Rafale jets in April 2011, following a technology demonstration during that year. Following multiple rounds of negotiations between the French and the Indian governments, an agreement was reached on 23 September 2016 between Indian Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar and his French counterpart Jean-Yves Le Drian.
    [Show full text]
  • The Economic Case for Investing in Europe’S Defence Industry
    Error! No text of specified style in document. The Economic Case for Investing in Europe’s Defence Industry September 2013 - 1 - Europe Economics is registered in England No. 3477100. Registered offices at Chancery House, 53-64 Chancery Lane, London WC2A 1QU. Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information/material contained in this report, Europe Economics assumes no responsibility for and gives no guarantees, undertakings or warranties concerning the accuracy, completeness or up to date nature of the information/analysis provided in the report and does not accept any liability whatsoever arising from any errors or omissions © Europe Economics. Contents 1 Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Broad macroeconomic impacts of defence investment ...................................................................... 1 1.2 Unpacking the mechanisms by which defence spending affects the broader economy .............. 5 2 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 8 3 Macroeconomic Impacts................................................................................................................................... 10 3.1 GDP..............................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Rising to Iran's Challenge
    RISING TO IRAN’S CHALLENGE GCC Military Capability and U.S. Security Cooperation Michael Knights Policy Focus 127 | June 2013 THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY RISING TO IRAN’S CHALLENGE GCC Military Capability and U.S. Security Cooperation Michael Knights Policy Focus 127 | June 2013 All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. © 2013 by The Washington Institute for Near East Policy Published in 2013 in the United States of America by The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1828 L Street NW, Suite 1050, Washington, DC 20036. Cover photo: UAE, Italian, Bahraini, and U.S. armed forces sight in on a mock target while performing a Visit, Board, Search, and Seizure demonstration at the Port of Zayed area in Abu Dhabi, UAE, as part of Exercise Leading Edge 13, January 2013. Leading Edge 13 military-to-military engagements are intended to sharpen capabilities among nations in an effort to foster relationships and build regional security. (USMC photo/MSgt. Salvatore Cardella) CONTENTS The Author v Acknowledgments vii Executive Summary ix 1 | Introduction 1 2 | SWOT Analysis of the Gulf Militaries 7 3 | Key Missions for GCC Allies 23 4 | Implications for U.S. Security Cooperation 37 THE AUTHOR MICHAEL KNIGHTS is a Lafer fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, specializing in the military and security affairs of Iraq, Iran, Libya, Yemen, and the Gulf states.
    [Show full text]
  • Essais En Vol Peter Collins
    Essai en vol : le Rafale de Dassault, le combattant par excellence par Peter Collins La plupart des forces aériennes alliées disposent aujourd’hui de flottes d’avions de combat dits de 4e génération, définis par divers attributs tels que les commandes de vol électriques, l’instabilité naturelle du vol, une agilité extrême, des capacités réseau-centrées, la multiplicité des systèmes d’armes et le caractère multirôle. Plusieurs types d’avions occidentaux répondent à cette définition – le Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, le Dassault Rafale, l’Eurofighter Typhoon et le Saab Gripen NG. Le Boeing F-15E et le Lockheed Martin F-16, de conception plus ancienne, ont toutefois bénéficié d’une modernisation qui leur confèrent des capacités multirôle à peu près similaires en termes de mission. Sur ces différents avions, seuls le Super Hornet et le Rafale M peuvent être mis en œuvre à partir d’un porte-avions. Avec l’arrivée à maturité des capacités qu’offrent ces avions de 4e génération, en termes de systèmes d’armes, de capteurs et de capacités réseau-centrées, les perspectives de commandes à l’export pour ces appareils éprouvés en opération deviennent beaucoup plus réalistes. Un accès exclusif Pour le compte de Flight International, je suis devenu le premier pilote d’essai britannique à évaluer le Rafale, au standard F3, qui s’applique à la fois aux unités de l’armée de l’Air française, et aux flottilles d’attaque de la Marine. Légende photo : Les Rafale de l’armée de l’Air française ont déjà été mis en œuvre en Afghanistan.
    [Show full text]
  • FCAS Overview
    The Future Combat System: An Overview A Second Line of Defense Overview on the Standup and Evolution 8/1/21 of the FCAS In this report, we have brought together our FCAS articles from both Second Line of Defense and Defense.info published since its standup in 2018 and covered through the Bundestag Budget Committee’s Green Light on funding for the program in June 2021. Report Authors: Robbin Laird, Murielle Delaporte and Pierre Tran The Future Combat System: An Overview The Future Combat System: An Overview A SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE OVERVIEW ON THE STANDUP AND EVOLUTION OF THE FCAS Preface ................................................................................................................................................... 3 The Future Combat Air System: The View from Paris ........................................................................... 4 France Leads FCAS Effort ................................................................................................................................. 4 The F-4 Upgrade .............................................................................................................................................. 4 A Team Approach to Air Combat Superiority .................................................................................................. 6 Companies and FCAS ...................................................................................................................................... 6 F-4 Technology as a FCAS Building Block ......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Future of the Air Forces and Air Defence Units of Poland’S Armed Forces
    The future of the Air Forces and air defence units of Poland’s Armed Forces ISBN 978-83-61663-05-8 The future of the Air Forces and air defence units of Poland’s Armed Forces Pulaski for Defence of Poland Warsaw 2016 Authors: Rafał Ciastoń, Col. (Ret.) Jerzy Gruszczyński, Rafał Lipka, Col. (Ret.) dr hab. Adam Radomyski, Tomasz Smura Edition: Tomasz Smura, Rafał Lipka Consultations: Col. (Ret.) Krystian Zięć Proofreading: Reuben F. Johnson Desktop Publishing: Kamil Wiśniewski The future of the Air Forces and air defence units of Poland’s Armed Forces Copyright © Casimir Pulaski Foundation ISBN 978-83-61663-05-8 Publisher: Casimir Pulaski Foundation ul. Oleandrów 6, 00-629 Warsaw, Poland www.pulaski.pl Table of content Introduction 7 Chapter I 8 1. Security Environment of the Republic of Poland 8 Challenges faced by the Air Defence 2. Threat scenarios and missions 13 System of Poland’s Armed Forces of Air Force and Air Defense Rafał Ciastoń, Rafał Lipka, 2.1 An Armed attack on the territory of Poland and 13 Col. (Ret.) dr hab. Adam Radomyski, Tomasz Smura collective defense measures within the Article 5 context 2.2 Low-intensity conflict, including actions 26 below the threshold of war 2.3 Airspace infringement and the Renegade 30 procedure 2.4 Protection of critical 35 infrastructure and airspace while facing the threat of aviation terrorism 2.5 Out-of-area operations 43 alongside Poland’s allies Chapter II 47 1. Main challenges for the 47 development of air force capabilities in the 21st century What are the development options 2.
    [Show full text]
  • INDIA'scontemporary Security Challenges
    Contemporary Security INDIA’S Challenges Edited by Michael Kugelman INDIa’s Contemporary SECURITY CHALLENGES Essays by: Bethany Danyluk Michael Kugelman Dinshaw Mistry Arun Prakash P.V. Ramana Siddharth Srivastava Nandini Sundar Andrew C. Winner Edited by: Michael Kugelman ©2011 Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C. www.wilsoncenter.org Available from : Asia Program Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars One Woodrow Wilson Plaza 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20004-3027 www.wilsoncenter.org ISBN 1-933549-79-3 The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, es- tablished by Congress in 1968 and headquartered in Washington, D.C., is a living national memorial to President Wilson. The Center’s mis- sion is to commemorate the ideals and concerns of Woodrow Wilson by providing a link between the worlds of ideas and policy, while fostering research, study, discussion, and collaboration among a broad spectrum of individuals concerned with policy and scholarship in national and international affairs. Supported by public and private funds, the Center is a nonpartisan institution engaged in the study of national and world affairs. It establishes and maintains a neutral forum for free, open, and informed dialogue. Conclusions or opinions expressed in Center publi- cations and programs are those of the authors and speakers and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Center staff, fellows, trustees, advi- sory groups, or any individuals or organizations that provide financial support to the Center. The Center is the publisher of The Wilson Quarterly and home of Woodrow Wilson Center Press, dialogue radio and television, and the monthly news-letter “Centerpoint.” For more information about the Center’s activities and publications, please visit us on the web at www.wilsoncenter.org.
    [Show full text]
  • Rafale Deal: Modi in the Dock Fy-Away Condition)
    manufacture 108 Rafale fghters in India. (18 fghters were to be bought in a Rafale Deal: Modi in the Dock fy-away condition). Te Rafale deal has ripped open the veil that covered the corruption and crony However, when Prime Minister Modi went to Paris in April 2015, the initial capitalism within the Modi government. Not only that, the unfolding of the contract for 126 aircraf was abandoned and a new contract signed with Dassault events which led to the scrapping of the earlier contract for 126 Rafale fghter for delivery of 36 Rafale aircraf in a fy-away condition. Along with that, to planes and the replacement of that with an order for 36 planes in a fy-away meet the 50 per cent ofset clause, Anil Ambani’s Reliance Defence was chosen condition has revealed the direct role of the Prime Minister in this latest defence as the main partner for contracts worth nearly Rs. 20,000 crore. scandal. Te reason for scrapping the original contract, which had gone through a AFP Report quotes Hollande: Te recent statements made to lengthy process of bidding and evaluation by the Indian Air Force, has never “The name of Reliance group had the media by the former French been satisfactorily explained. Tat India required 126 fghter planes was not in appeared as part of a ‘new formula’ President, Francois Hollande, have dispute as the Indian air force was seriously short of the required number of 42 in negotiations over the Rafale deal, exposed the lies and the cover-up squadrons. decided by the Modi government” attempt of the Modi government.
    [Show full text]
  • Présentation Powerpoint
    Version: July, 2019 ® NATIONAL STOCK PLY SPEED RATING MAIN AIRCRAFT POSITION SIZE TECHNOLOGY PART NUMBER MAIN MARKET NUMBER RATING (MPH) A-10 MLG 36X11 BIAS 008-742-4 2620-01-129-7607 22 174 Military A-10 MLG 36X11 BIAS 008-742-4 2620-01-129-7607 22 250 Military A-37, U-1, O-2, HH-60H, SH- NLG / MLG / 6.00-6 BIAS 001-317-0 2620-00-060-7013 8 120 Military 60 TLG A-4, F-4, V-22 NLG 18X5.7-8 BIAS 008-649-1 2620-00-946-1108 14 200 Military Aérospatiale Alouette III SA NLG / MLG 355X150-4 BIAS 065-543-0 2620-14-514-6183 4 160 Military 316, SA 319 AH-64 MLG 8.50-10 BIAS 001-350-2 2620-01-168-0164 10 120 Military AV-8B MLG 26X7.75R13 X - NYLON M16101 2620-01-252-2753 10 230 Military AV-8B NLG 26X8.75R11 X - NYLON M16601 2620-99-783-3900 16 230 Military B-1B NLG 35X11.5-16 BIAS 008-842-0 2620-01-208-2894 22 256 Military B-1B MLG B46X16.0-23.5 BIAS 008-887-1 2620-01-207-5302 30 276 Military B-52 MLG 56X16 BIAS 008-794-1 2620-00-575-8886 38 225 Military B-52 MLG 56X16 BIAS 008-794-1 2620-00-575-8886 38 239 Military B-52 WTG 32X8.8 BIAS 041-712-0 2620-00-900-1191 16 160 Military C-130 NLG 12.50-16 BIAS 008-369-0 2620-00-834-6673 12 139 Military C-130 NLG 12.50-16 BIAS 008-369-0 2620-00-834-6673 12 150 Military C-130 MLG 20.00-20 BIAS 008-413-2 2620-00-142-5161 26 174 Military C-130 MLG 20.00-20 BIAS 008-413-2 2620-00-142-5161 26 174 Military C-17 MLG 50X21.0-20 BIAS 004-877-1 2620-01-494-0888 30 225 Military C-17 MLG 50X21.0-20 BIAS 004-877-1 2620-01-494-0888 30 225 Military C-17 NLG 40X16.0-14 BIAS 008-846-0 2620-01-409-1814 26 225 Military C-17
    [Show full text]
  • Lucht-En Ruimtevaartindustrie
    LUCHT-EN RUIMTEVAARTINDUSTRIE IN FRANKRIJK FLANDERS INVESTMENT & TRADE MARKTSTUDIE Lucht- en ruimtevaartindustrie in Frankrijk Oktober 2016 Flanders Investment & Trade Bordeaux 12, Cours Xavier Arnozan F-33000 BORDEAUX T: +33 (0)5 56 44 70 01 [email protected] www.flandersinvestmentandtrade.com FIT, Ambassade… Straat + nr Postcode + Stad (Land) Emailadres kantoor (verplicht) 2 Inhoudstabel Inhoudstabel ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................... 5 Franse markt ............................................................................................................................................ 6 1. Omvang ............................................................................................................................................ 6 2. Geografische spreiding van de bedrijven ......................................................................................... 7 3. Competenties................................................................................................................................... 8 4. Belangrijke Franse opdrachtgevers en toeleveranciers ................................................................... 9 Vooruitzichten – Groei van het luchtverkeer ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Fighters Far and Wide
    Left, the Dassault Rafale, a French- built fighter. Below, the Eurofighter Typhoon at an air show. World air forces are on pace to buy more than 3,000 fighters over the next decade. By Marina Malenic Dassault photo he world’s military air arms, intent on preserving and strength- ening their fighter forces, have touched off what could prove to Tbe a decade-long global aircraft sales Fighters Far upsurge. Wealthy and developing nations alike are turning their attention to fighter re- capitalization. Their efforts might well send thousands of new and advanced and Wide units into global fighter forces. At stake: scores of billions of dollars in sales. Experts maintain that the newest US fighter, Lockheed Martin’s F-35, is poised to dominate sales in the latter years of this “growth decade” of roughly 2010-19. However, the initial years will see fierce competition among many manufacturers. Fueling the demand are pressures created by deferrals of modernization and the desire for emerging technolo- gies. It is a combination felt by many nations—from Britain to India, from Japan to Israel, not to mention the United States. What will this boom look like? Opinions vary, but reputable industry watchers Forecast International and the Teal Group consultancy of Fair- fax, Va., reported that sales may rise as much as 35 percent, and be worth a whopping $164 billion, during the period 2008-17. In their analyses, FI and the Teal Group projected sales of between 2,909 and 3,345 fighters. The average per-fighter cost works out to about $52 million.
    [Show full text]
  • Fox Three Dassault Aviation - Snecma - Thales N°9
    The Spectra: a Fox digital revolution odern air warfare places a severe protection against threats likely to appear and Matra Bae Dynamics. The system, N° 1 M requirement on aircraft self- in the future. which offers a dramatic increase in defence capabilities, and only the most The Spectra - Self-Protection Equipment survivability against modern and Three Countering Threats of Rafale Aircraft - emerging threats, is entirely mounted modern fighters will survive any major conflict. Dassault Aviation Mirage 2000-5 state-of-the-art self-defence system internally in an effort to keep weapon and Rafale combat aircraft are equipped mounted on the Rafale is a complete and stations free, a big improvement over Rafale keeps with highly-automated systems which totally integrated electronic warfare suite older designs such as Jaguars, Mirage F1s provide an unprecedented level of designed and produced jointly by Thales and Super Etendards which all needed external jammers and chaff/ on moving ahead flare dispensers. It ensures efficient electromagnetic detection, laser warning, Rafale M: IR detection for missile warning, jamming light testing of the Rafale has been gaining momentum in flight test center who deal with them everyday on a routine basis : and chaff/flare dispensing, even in the FIstres in the last months with entry into service on the the Direct Voice Input in the cockpit, the production RBE2 radar First two accepted into service. most demanding multi-threats environ- Charles-de-Gaulle carrier slated for mid-2001. Significant test with its electronically steered array - it has been flying on the ment. Spectra is divided into different In a ceremony held in December 2000 at Landivisiau Naval Air Station, the hurdles have been cleared as the LRIP programme unfolds and Rafale since late 1997 - and the sensor fusion which blends target modules and sensors strategically French Navy has accepted into service its first two Rafale M combat aircraft.
    [Show full text]