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FCAS Overview The Future Combat System: An Overview A Second Line of Defense Overview on the Standup and Evolution 8/1/21 of the FCAS In this report, we have brought together our FCAS articles from both Second Line of Defense and Defense.info published since its standup in 2018 and covered through the Bundestag Budget Committee’s Green Light on funding for the program in June 2021. Report Authors: Robbin Laird, Murielle Delaporte and Pierre Tran The Future Combat System: An Overview The Future Combat System: An Overview A SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE OVERVIEW ON THE STANDUP AND EVOLUTION OF THE FCAS Preface ................................................................................................................................................... 3 The Future Combat Air System: The View from Paris ........................................................................... 4 France Leads FCAS Effort ................................................................................................................................. 4 The F-4 Upgrade .............................................................................................................................................. 4 A Team Approach to Air Combat Superiority .................................................................................................. 6 Companies and FCAS ...................................................................................................................................... 6 F-4 Technology as a FCAS Building Block ....................................................................................................... 7 Extending Combat Air Capabilities With Unmanned Systems: An Airbus Defence and Space Perspective from the International Fighter Conference 2018 ................................................................ 8 The French Shape an Evolutionary Approach to Their Future Combat Air System ............................. 10 MBDA and FCAS: The Brexit Challenge .............................................................................................. 13 Thales and the Future Combat Air System .......................................................................................... 15 Future Combat Air System: A Speed Race Between Data And Fighter ............................................... 17 The Challenge of Speed ................................................................................................................................. 18 An Update on the Future Combat Air Systems Program: February 2019 ........................................... 18 MBDA and FCAS: Building Weapons for the “Combat Cloud” ........................................................... 20 The Combat Cloud at the Heart of the Future Combat Air System ...................................................... 21 Building the FCAS Combat Cloud: Coming to Terms with the 2 Fives – Fifth Gen and 5G ................ 25 Fifth Generation C2/ISR Dynamics ................................................................................................................ 25 The 5G Challenge .......................................................................................................................................... 26 Reworking the Franco-German Arms Export Policies: A Crucial Challenge Facing FCAS .................. 27 Putting FCAS Into a Broader European Political Context ..................................................................... 29 France, Germany and New Defense Projects: Framing the Challenge ............................................... 30 An Update on the Future Combat Air System: International Fighter Conference 2019 ....................... 33 Thales and the Future Combat Air System .......................................................................................... 35 An Update on European Defense Industrial Generated Systems: January 2020 ................................ 37 Second Line of Defense Page 1 The Future Combat System: An Overview The Next Phase for FCAS: The French and German Governments Commit Development Funding .... 39 Dassault: Looking Forward to a European MALE UAV as FCAS Building Block ................................. 40 An FCAS Update: June 2020 ............................................................................................................... 42 FCAS Odyssey: July 2020 .................................................................................................................. 44 Program cost .................................................................................................................................................. 44 FCAS vs Tempest ........................................................................................................................................... 45 Stealth Assignment ........................................................................................................................................ 46 Cultural difficulties ......................................................................................................................................... 46 14 recommendations ..................................................................................................................................... 47 An Update on the Future Combat Air System: December 2020 .......................................................... 47 Seven Pillars of Wisdom ................................................................................................................................ 48 Ideas from the civil world .............................................................................................................................. 49 Next Gen Fighter: Franco-German Debates and Perspectives ............................................................ 50 Cultural Discord ............................................................................................................................................. 50 How Airbus Sees It ........................................................................................................................................ 51 And How Dassault Sees It ............................................................................................................................. 52 What the defense minister Says ..................................................................................................................... 53 Artificial Intelligence, the Future Combat Air System and Shaping a Way Ahead ............................. 53 Dassault and the Future Combat Air System: March 2021 Update ................................................................ 56 What price cooperation? ................................................................................................................................ 57 An Update on the Future Combat Air System: March 2021 ........................................................................... 57 FCAS Next Steps: May 2021 .......................................................................................................................... 59 The FCAS Industrial Package: The Saga Continues ............................................................................. 60 French, German and Spanish Air Chiefs Received FCAS Industry Briefings ....................................... 62 The Bundestag Budget Committee’s Green Light on FCAS .................................................................. 64 Page 2 The Future Combat System: An Overview PREFACE The Future Combat Air System (FCAS) is a core initiative of the Macron Administration for both defense modernization and building out defense cooperation with its core Airbus allies, Germany and Spain. The Administration is committed to the modernization of their core combat fighter aircraft, the Rafale, for the next thirty years. But FCAS is designed to deliver a next generation fighter aircraft. This project is designed to replace both the Rafale and the Eurofighter with a “combat cloud” ready aircraft, that is one designed to work interactively with other air assets in delivering the desired combat effects. It is a clear response to what the Macron Administration views as the F-35 challenge to European sovereignty. And indeed, European sovereignty is a key part of the Macron version of Gaullism, much like the General launched the independent nuclear deterrent. At its core, the goal is for Germany and France to work closely together in shaping this new collaborative venture. But the significant disconnect between defense inn Germany and France poses a core challenge to the project. And different approaches to arms exports also affects the program and its future. Even more significant is the pressure of time. Europe is being challenged by Putin significantly. Does Europe have time to wait for enhanced sovereignty in exchange for enhanced defense capabilities in the near to mid- term? The F-35 is already a significant player in European defense and will steadily enhance its role in the mutli- domain defense being shaped by NATO. The interoperability efforts of NATO are a key part of the Macron Administration’s approach to defense as well, so FCAS will be designed to work with core allies as the program evolves. But there is a major challenge facing networking in defense, as several initiatives are underway to shape secure communications for the combat force, and some of those clearly are designed to leverage new civilian technologies like 5G. In this report, we provide our assessments
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