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The Pugwash Newsletter and the Change NEWSLETTER issued by the Council of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs Nobel Peace Prize 1995 Pugwash 50th Anniversary, Thinker’s Lodge, Pugwash, Nova Scotia, July 2007 Volume 44 ½ Number 1 ½ July 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS TO THE PUGWASH COMMUNITY : . 1 SPECIAL SECTION Pugwash Meeting no. 326 “Revitalizing Nuclear Disarmament,” The 50th Anniversary of the Pugwash Conferences Co-sponsored by the Pugwash Conferences and the Middle Powers Initiative, Pugwash, Nova Scotia, Canada, 5 –7 July 2007 Communique from the Pugwash 50th Anniversary Workshop . 3 Greetings from Prime Minister Stephen Harper and Nova Scotia Premier Rodney MacDonald . 5 Program for the Pugwash 50th Anniversary Events . 7 Welcoming Remarks: Paolo Cotta-Ramusino, Douglas Roche, Raymond Szabo . 8 Workshop Report . 12 Speech by Hiroshima Mayor Tadatoshi Akiba . 18 Participant List . 23 Media Coverage, International Herald Tribune . 24 REPORTS ON RECENT PUGWASH WORKSHOPS Pugwash meeting no. 324 . 25 26th Workshop of the Pugwash Study Group on the Implementation of the Chemical and Biological Weapons Conventions: 10 Years of the OPCW: Taking Stock and Looking Forward Pu gwash Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 17-18 March 2007 Volume 44 ½ Number 1 Pugwash Meeting no. 325 . 35 July 2007 Pugwash Workshop on Iraq Erbil, Kurdistan, Iraq, 11-13 May 2007 Editor: NATIONAL PUGWASH GROUPS: . 41 Jeffrey Boutwell Canadian Pugwash Celebrates the 50th Anniversary of Pugwash Research Assistant: INTERNATIONAL STUDENT/YOUNG PUGWASH: . 44 Erin Blankenship International Student Young Pugwash & M S Swaminathan Research Foundation Consultation on “Food Security: A Great Threat to Human Security” Design and Layout: Chennai, India, 31 January—1 February 2007 Anne Read OBITUARIES: . 49 Printing: Dame Anne McLaren, Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, Nikolay Platé, Jack Boag, Hans Cardinal Press Tolhoek, Nguyen Van Dao, Vladimir Fedosov Fredericksburg, Virginia Members of the Pugwash Council . 54 Cover photo: Calendar of Future Meetings . Inside back cover Glen Canning To the Pugwash Community Fifty Years of the Pugwash Conferences of them on hair-trigger alert—are poised to bring Celebrations in honor of the 50 th anniversary of the monumental destruction if they are ever used. Nuclear Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs are weapons have spread to more countries, and the inter - occurring around the world in 2007. National groups national non-proliferation regime is perilously close to from Denmark to Russia, Sri Lanka to the United States, collapse. Poorly guarded stockpiles of highly enriched and Spain to Japan, are organizing events to commemo - uranium and plutonium around the world could fall rate the very first meeting, held in July 1957 at the home into the hands of terrorists who would think nothing of Cyrus Eaton in Pugwash, Nova Scotia, and to remind of exploding a nuclear device in a major city. the world of the ever-present threat posed by nuclear Momentum is growing in the international commu - weapons. nity, however, from many different political quarters, The highlight of the 50th anniversary celebrations took to re-energize the campaign to declare nuclear place in early July 2007 when some two dozen interna - weapons illegal and immoral, and to reduce and elimi - tional experts on nuclear weapons issues convened in nate them. But the time is now for decisive leadership Pugwash for the workshop on Revitalizing Nuclear Disar - and action to mount a global political campaign to mament , co-sponsored by the Pugwash Conferences and eliminate these weapons of mass destruction, before it the Middle Powers Initiative. During their two-day is too late. meeting, workshop participants discussed ways of acceler - ating progress on both nuclear disarmament and nuclear Great changes in history—the end of slavery, the fall non-proliferation, as summarized in the special commu - of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Cold War—have niqué released at the end of the meeting (see page 3). come about through concerted political action, often In addition to the workshop, the Pugwash Peace suddenly and with little warning. The international Exchange, the Canadian Pugwash Group, and the community has the opportunity to achieve yet another Pugwash Parks Commission hosted a number of public epochal event: ending the reliance on nuclear weapons events that featured such speakers as Pugwash President, and the total elimination of these genocidal weapons. Prof. M.S. Swaminathan, Hiroshima Mayor Tadatoshi We ask all governments, nuclear and non-nuclear Akiba, Canadian Foreign Minister Peter MacKay, Nova alike, a simple question. What are you doing to fulfill Scotia Premier Rodney MacDonald, Canadian Senator the basic obligation of every government—the and retired Gen. Roméo Dallaire, former UN Under Secre - ‘responsibility to protect’ the lives and human rights tary for Disarmament, Jayantha Dhanapala, and former of its citizens that would be obliterated by nuclear New Zealand Minister of Disarmament and Arms devastation? Control, Marian Hobbs. The Pugwash 50th Anniversary Communiqué, released As Pugwash moves forward , all of us in the Pugwash to governments and media around the world, symbolizes community need to redouble our efforts to ensure that the credo of Pugwash that was first enunciated in the 1955 these horrific weapons of mass destruction are never used, Russell-Einstein Manifesto, the catalyst that led to the first and are eliminated entirely as soon as possible. Pugwash meeting in July 1957: 57th Pugwash Conference on As long as nuclear weapons exist, they will one day Science and World Affairs be used. In October 2007, Pugwash will continue its commemora - tion of its 50th anniversary with the 57th Pugwash This sober, inescapable truth continues to haunt the Conference , Prospects for Disarmament, Dialogue and international community. Every minute of every day, Cooperation in the Mediterranean Region , taking place in more than 26,000 nuclear weapons—many thousands Pugwash Newsletter, July 2007 1 Bari, Italy . The 57th Pugwash Conference will inaugurate Finally, we also express our profound sadness at the the 11th Quinquennium of Pugwash, from 2007 to 2012, death of Anne McLaren, who died in an automobile acci - with new members of the Pugwash Council and a new dent in July 2007. In many ways, Anne was the conscience President of Pugwash taking office. of the Pugwash Council these past five years, always Appropriately, the entire Pugwash community takes asking probing questions and raising difficult issues this opportunity to express its deep gratitude to Prof. M.S. concerning the role of science in public policy. She always Swaminathan of India for his service these past five years did so with a fundamental belief in the goodness of as the President of Pugwash. Following in a tradition of humanity and the need for the scientific community to previous Presidents such as Dorothy Hodgkin and follow the credo of the Russell-Einstein Manifesto - that Michael Atiyah, Prof. Swaminathan helped bring the scientists do all in their power to ensure the beneficial mission of Pugwash to the attention of policymakers, applications of their work. scientists, and the public around the world, on issues Acknowledgments including not only nuclear weapons, but other globally challenging issues such as food security and climate For continued support of the Pugwash Newsletter and the change . We are indebted for his service to Pugwash. Pugwash Conferences, we are grateful to the German Pugwash also thanks those members of Council whose Research Society, the Russian Academy of Sciences, the service will end this year, including Fernando de Souza John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation , the Barros (Brazil), Pierre Canonne (France), Chen Jifeng Carnegie Corporation of New York, and the Ploughshares (China), Hitoshi Ohnishi (Japan), and Douglas Roche Fund . (Canada). Jeffrey Boutwell, Editor Reception at Fox Harb’r Resort, Jayantha Dhanapala, Paolo Cotta-Ramusino, Tadatoshi Akiba, M.S. Swaminathan, Douglas Roche, host Ron Joyce, Roméo Dallaire. 2 Pugwash Newsletter, July 2007 SPECIAL SECTION Revitalizing Nuclear Disarmament: Policy Recommendations of the Pugwash 50th Anniversary Workshop Co-Sponsored by the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs and the Middle Powers Initiative Pugwash, Nova Scotia, 5 –7 July 2007 s long as nuclear weapons exist, they will one day Given political leadership and political will, implemen - be used. This sober, inescapable truth continues to tation of the following steps could greatly reduce the risk Ahaunt the international community. Every minute of nuclear weapons use: of every day, more than 26 ,000 nuclear weapons—many • Immediate de-alerting of the thousands of nuclear thousands of them on hair-trigger alert—are poised to weapons, on quick reaction alert, that could be launched bring monumental destruction if they are ever used. by accident, miscalculation, or unauthorized computer Nuclear weapons have spread to more countries, and the hacking of command and control systems; international non-proliferation regime is perilously close • Official declarations by all nuclear weapons-states of a to collapse. Poorly guarded stockpiles of highly enriched No First Use policy, and adoption of Negative Security uranium and plutonium around the world could fall into Assurances that nuclear weapons will never be used the hands of terrorists who would think nothing of against countries who have legally bound themselves not exploding a nuclear device
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