Tribes and Traditions Abenaki, 81 Achumawi, 84 Adena, 85 Ahtna, 88 Ais, 89 Alabama, 90 Aleut, 91 Algonquin, 94 Alsea, 96 Anadarko, 97 Anasazi, 97 Apache, 101 Apache Tribe of Oklahoma, 108 Apalachee, 111 Apalachicola, 112 Arapaho, 112 Archaic, 118 Arikara, 119 Assiniboine, 121 Atakapa, 123 Atsina, 124 Atsugewi, 125 Aztec, 126 Bannock, 131 Bayogoula, 132 Basketmaker, 132 Beaver, 135 Bella Bella, 136 Bella Coola, 137 Beothuk, 138 Biloxi, 139 Blackfoot and Blackfeet Confederacy, 140 Caddo tribal group, 146 Cahuilla, 153 Calusa, 155 CapeFear, 156 Carib, 156 Carrier, 158 Catawba, 159 Cayuga, 160 Cayuse, 161 Chasta Costa, 163 Chehalis, 164 Chemakum, 165 Cheraw, 165 Cherokee, 166 Cheyenne, 175 Chiaha, 180 Chichimec, 181 Chickasaw, 182 Chilcotin, 185 Chinook, 186 Chipewyan, 187 Chitimacha, 188 Choctaw, 190 Chumash, 193 Clallam, 194 Clatskanie, 195 Clovis, 195 CoastYuki, 196 Cocopa, 197 Coeurd'Alene, 198 Columbia, 200 Colville, 201 Comanche, 201 Comox, 206 Coos, 206 Copalis, 208 Costanoan, 208 Coushatta, 209 Cowichan, 210 Cowlitz, 211 Cree, 212 Creek, 216 Crow, 222 Cupeño, 230 Desert culture, 230 Diegueño, 231 Dogrib, 233 Dorset, 234 Duwamish, 235 Erie, 236 Esselen, 236 Fernandeño, 238 Flathead, 239 Folsom, 242 Fox, 243 Fremont, 251 Gabrielino, 252 Gitksan, 253 Gosiute, 254 Guale, 255 Haisla, 256 Han, 256 Hare, 257 Havasupai, 258 Hidatsa, 259 Hitchiti, 261 Hohokam, 262 Hopewell, 263 Huchnom, 265 Hupa, 266 Huron, 267 Illinois, 268 Ingalik, 269 Inuit, 270 Iowa, 275 Iroquois Confederacy, 276 Juaneño, 282 Kalapuya, 282 Kalispel, 283 Kamia, 285 Kansa, 286 Karankawa, 288 Karok, 290 Kaska, 291 Kawaiisu, 292 Kichai, 292 Kickapoo, 293 Kiowa, 295 Klamath, 297 Klikitat, 299 Koyukon, 300 Kutchin, 301 Kutenai, 302 Kwakiutl, 303 Lake, 305 Lenni Lenape, 305 Lillooet, 310 Luiseño, 311 Lumbee, 312 Lummi, 313 Mahican, 314 Maidu, 316 Makah, 317 Maliseet, 319 Manahoac, 320 Mandan, 320 Massachusett, 322 Mattaponi, 323 Mattole, 324 Maya, 325 Menominee, 331 Methow, 335 Miami, 336 Micmac, 338 Mimbres, 339 Mississippian, 340 Missouri, 342

Contents-Volume 2

Miwok, 343 Mixtec, 344 Mobile, 345 Modoc, 346 Mogollon, 348 Mohawk, 349 Mohegan, 351 Mojave, 352 Molala, 354 Moneton, 354 Montagnais, 355 Montauk Confederacy, 356 Mountain, 357 Muckleshoot, 358 Multnomah, 359 Nabedache, 359 Nanticoke, 360 Narragansett, 361 Naskapi, 363 Natchez, 363 Nauset, 364 Navajo, 365 Neutral, 374 NezPerce, 374 Niantic, 378 Nipissing, 379 Nipmuck, 380 Nisqually, 380 Nooksack, 381 Nootka, 381 Nottaway, 383 Ocaneechi, 384 Ofo, 384 Ojibwa, 385 Okanagan, 388 Old Copper culture, 389 Olmec, 391 Omaha, 392 Oneida, 394 Oneota, 396 Onondaga, 397 Osage, 398 Oto, 402 Ottawa, 403 Paiute, Northern, 406 Paiute, Southern, 408 Paleo-Indian, 412 Palouse, 413 Pamlico, 415 Passamaquoddy, 415 Patayan, 416 Patwin, 418 Pawnee, 419 Pennacook, 421 Penobscot, 422 Pequot, 423 Petun, 425 Pima, 426 Plano, 427 Pomo, 429 Ponca, 431 Poospatuck, 433 Potawatomi, 433 Powhatan Confederacy, 435 Pueblotribes, Eastern, 438 Pueblotribes, Western, 446 Puyallup, 453 Quapaw, 454 Quechan, 455 Quileute, 456 Quinault, 457 Salinan, 459 Salish, 460 Samish, 462 Sanpoil-Nespelemtribes, 462 Sarsi, 464 Sauk, 465 Sekani, 466 Semiahmoo, 467 Seminole, 468 Seneca, 471 Seri, 473 Serrano, 473 Shasta, 474 Shawnee, 475 Shinnecock, 477 Shoshone, 478 Shuswap, 480 Siletz, 481 Sinagua, 482 Sioux tribal group, 484 Siuslaw, 492 Skagit, 493 Slave, 494 Snohomish, 495 Snoqualmie, 496 Sooke, 497 Spokane, 497 Squamish, 499 Suquamish, 500 Susquehannock, 500 Swallah, 502 Tahltan, 503 Tanaina, 504 Tanana, 505 Tenino, 506 Thompson, 507 Thule, 508 Tillamook, 509 Timucua, 510 Tiou, 511 Tlingit, 512 Tohome, 514 Tohono O'odham, 515 Tolowa, 516 Toltec, 517 Tonkawa, 518 Tsetsaut, 519 Tsimshian, 519 Tubatulabal, 521 Tunica, 522 Tuscarora, 522 Tuskegee, 523 Tutchone, 524 Tutelo, 525 Tututni, 526 Twana, 526 Tyigh, 527 Umatilla, 527 Umpqua, 529 Ute, 530 Veracruz, 533 Waccamaw, 535 Waco, 535 Walapai, 536 WallaWalla, 537 Wampanoag, 538 Wanapam, 540 Wappinger, 540 Wappo, 541 Wasco, 542 Washoe, 542 Wenatchi, 544 Wichita tribal group, 545 Winnebago, 546 Wintun, 550 Wishram, 551 Wiyot, 552 Woodland, 552 Yahi, 554 Yakima, 555 Yamasee, 557 Yana, 558 Yaqui, 559 Yaquina, 560 Yavapai, 561 Yazoo, 562 Yellow knife, 563 Yokuts, 564 Yuchi, 565 Yuki, 566 Yurok, 566 Zapotec, 568

Appendixes Festivals and Pow-wows, 573 Museums, Archives, and Libraries, 577 Organizations, Agencies, and Societies, 592 Populations of US Reservations, 597 Reservations: United States, 601 Reserves and Bands: Canada, 607 TimeLine, 615 Mediagraphy, 624 Bibliography, 647 Index, 675