DOCSLIB.ORG

Boisea Rubrolineata (Barber) (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Boisea Rubrolineata (Barber) (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) THE CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF HOST FORAGING, AGGREGATION, AND PROPHYLACTIC MICROBIAL DEFENSE IN THE WESTERN BOXELDER BUG, BOISEA RUBROLINEATA (BARBER) (HETEROPTERA: RHOPALIDAE) by Joseph J. Schwarz B.A. (BioI. Major/Chern. Minor), Kean University, 2002 THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILLNIENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Department ofBiological Sciences © Joseph J. Schwarz SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2008 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission ofthe author. Library and Archives Bibliothèque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l’édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-58614-3 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-58614-3 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- L’auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l’Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non- support microforme, papier, électronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L’auteur conserve la propriété du droit d’auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protège cette thèse. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author’s permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformément à la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privée, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont été enlevés de thesis. cette thèse. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n’y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. APPROVAL Name: Joseph Schwarz Degree: Master of Science Title of Thesis: The chemical ecology of host foraging, aggregation, and prophylactic microbial defense in the western boxelder bug, Boisea rubrolineata (Barber) (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. S. Bisgrove, Assistant Professor Dr. G. Gries, Professor, Senior Supervisor Department of Biological Sciences, S.F. U. Dr. B. Roitberg, Professor Department of Biological Sciences, S.F. U. Dr. A. Carroll, Research Scientist Pacific Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada Public Examiner 12 August 2008 Date Approved 11 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Declaration of Partial Copyright Licence The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. The author has further granted permission to Simon Fraser University to keep or make a digital copy for use in its circulating collection (currently available to the public at the "Institutional Repository" link of the SFU Library website <www.lib.sfu.ca> at: <http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/112>) and, without changing the content, to translate the thesis/project or extended essays, if technically possible, to any medium or format for the purpose of preservation of the digital work. The author has further agreed that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by either the author or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without the author's written permission. Permission for public performance, or limited permission for private scholarly use, of any multimedia materials forming part of this work, may have been granted by the author. This information may be found on the separately catalogued multimedia material and in the signed Partial Copyright Licence. While licensing SFU to permit the above uses, the author retains copyright in the thesis, project or extended essays, includill9 the right to change the work for subsequent purposes, including editing and publishing the work in whole or in part, and licensing other parties, as the author may desire. The original Partial Copyright Licence attesting to these terms, and signed by this author, may be found in the original bound copy of this work, retained in the Simon Fraser University Archive. Simon Fraser University Library Burnaby, BC, Canada Revised: Fall 2007 ABSTRACT The boxelder bug (BEB), Boisea rubrolineata (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae), is a specialist herbivore ofboxelder trees, Acer negundo. BEBs form spectacular aggregations on (i) pistillate A. negundo when seeds are maturing, (ii) in and around shelters in fall and winter, and (iii) in response to warm sunlight. When sunbathing, BEBs release from their posterior dorsal abdominal gland an odorous blend ofmonoterpenes with heretofore unknown biological function. We reveal that (1) BEBs exploit semiochemicals (phenylacetonitrile, 2-phenethyl acetate) from host trees to locate them during foraging and colonization, (2) aggregation and sexual communication ofBEBs are mediated by a complex pheromone system, and (3) BEBs in warm sunlight, but not in shade, exude and spread copious amounts ofmonoterpenes onto their cuticle. These monoterpenes do not serve as a pheromone, but rather a means ofsanitation that interferes with spore germination and growth ofthe pathogenic fungus Beauvaria bassiana. Keywords: Boxelder bugs, Boisea rubrolineata, Heteroptera, Rhopalidae, Serinethinae, boxelder trees, Acer negundo, semiochemicals, phenylacetonitrile, host foraging, plant defense, seed predation, aposematism, feces, aggregation pheromone, ventral abdominal gland, sex-pheromone, 2-phenylethanol, posterior dorsal abdominal gland, monoterpenes, microbial defense, fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana, sunbathing, secretion-grooming iii DEDICATIONS PJ::'tJf!/ molil/ji~, tf/iI,(J I(/Ilffill me lopllotf/ 11;(/ ilea!}'/; (//I/rllo '}'ea(/~~ tJ~!/ r!re(/l/Jl6. .. JIoIJ~!I,(JII'. PJ::'tJ!fyf7Ii1-ey, llJiI,(J6e #11/rl~niJlff;lO(,1I6erlme 01// Ih,e hI/Pillute work! (l'II(/llll}'e,.Jl//iI/~!lme Wilhl (/' 6e1l6e !!,I6i!(/I//rltf/ollrle~. iv 6t6wIottc!ed11' tk endw/7l~beatIfY r/tIw iiMJzinent daum/, J O'Inbmee lIJid 6an1f! tk dta!Ien~tItat cuttait t!l~ nett? cia;; - Joseph J. Schwarz v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I sincerely thank Ian Wilson (Urban Forest manager, Kelowna, BC, Canada) and homeowners in Kelowna, Westbank, and Princeton, BC, Canada, for access to their property for insect and host-plant collections; Geoffrey G.B. Scudder for confirming taxonomic identity ofthe boxelder bug, Boisea rubrolineata (Barber); Zamir Punja, Neil Vickers, Kirk Hillier, and Mark Goettel for use of lab space and equipment, field assistance; and valuable intellectual discussions; Bob Birch for graphical illustrations, Bruce Harwood for glasswork, and Ian Bercovitz and Carl Schwarz for ·statistical consultation. I especially thank my supervisor, Gerhard Gries, for his warm-heartedness, enthusiasm, guidance, and support throughout my research. Gerhard, you surely kept the color ofmy words within the lines. I thank supervisory committee member Bernhard Roitberg for support and insightful and constructive comments; Allan L. Carroll for accepting the position of Public Examiner; Regine Gries for much technical support and assistance, and delightful conversations-you are a great inspiration; Grigori Khaskin for chemical syntheses, friendship and conversations; Eberhard Kiehlmann for proofreading of manuscripts; fellow students in the Gries-lab, Roitberg-Iab, Punja-Iab, Plettner-Iab, Plant-lab, and Nicholson-lab for their friendship, discussions and encouragement. This research was supported by SFU Graduate Fellowships and by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council ofCanada (NSERC) - Industrial Research vi Chair to Gerhard Gries with Pherotech International Inc., SC Johnson Canada, and Global Forest Science (GF-18-2007-226; GF-18-2007-227) as industrial sponsors. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Approval ii Abstract iii Dedications iv Quotation v Acknowledgements vi Table of Contents viii List of Figures x List of Tables xiv I Introduction 1 1.1 Hemiptera 1 1.2 Scentless plant bugs '" 2 1.3 Distribution and morphology ofB. rubrolineata .4 1.4 Exocrine system ofB. rubrolineata 6 1.5 Life history ofB. rubrolineata 7 1.6 Characteristics ofboxelder maple, Acer negundo 7 1.7 Research opportunities and objectives 9 1.8 References 11 2 Phenology of semiochemical-mediated host foraging by the western boxelder bug, Boisea rubrolineata, an aposematic seed predator 16 2.1 Abstract. 16 2.2 Introduction 17 2.3 Methods and Materials 21 2.3.1 Collection and Maintenance ofExperimental Insects 21 2.3.2 Collection ofA. negundo volatiles
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Insects That Feed on Trees and Shrubs
    INSECTS THAT FEED ON COLORADO TREES AND SHRUBS1 Whitney Cranshaw David Leatherman Boris Kondratieff Bulletin 506A TABLE OF CONTENTS DEFOLIATORS .................................................... 8 Leaf Feeding Caterpillars .............................................. 8 Cecropia Moth ................................................ 8 Polyphemus Moth ............................................. 9 Nevada Buck Moth ............................................. 9 Pandora Moth ............................................... 10 Io Moth .................................................... 10 Fall Webworm ............................................... 11 Tiger Moth ................................................. 12 American Dagger Moth ......................................... 13 Redhumped Caterpillar ......................................... 13 Achemon Sphinx ............................................. 14 Table 1. Common sphinx moths of Colorado .......................... 14 Douglas-fir Tussock Moth ....................................... 15 1. Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University Cooperative Extension etnomologist and associate professor, entomology; David Leatherman, entomologist, Colorado State Forest Service; Boris Kondratieff, associate professor, entomology. 8/93. ©Colorado State University Cooperative Extension. 1994. For more information, contact your county Cooperative Extension office. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture,
    [Show full text]
  • Boxelder Bug
    BOXELDER BUG Integrated Pest Management for Home Gardeners and Landscape Professionals The western boxelder bug (Boisea rubrolineata) is often a nuisance pest around and in homes. Boxelder bugs usually feed on the leaves, flowers, and seedpods of the female or seedbearing box elder tree (Acer negundo), although they may also subsist on male box elder trees and occasionally occur on maple and ash trees. They may feed on the fruits of almond, apple, cherry, peach, Figure 1. Boxelder bug adult and nymphs. Figure 2. Young nymph of western box- pear, and plum trees, and on grapes, (J. K. Clark) elder bug, Boisea rubrolineata. where their feeding punctures cause (J. K. Clark) the fruit to become deformed. Large numbers of the bug usually occur only on female box elder trees. IDENTIFICATION When full grown, the boxelder bug is about 1/2 inch long and one-third as wide. Adults are mostly black and have three red lines on the pronotum of the thorax (one down the middle and on each margin) and several fine Figure 3. Boxelder bug eggs on leaf. Figure 4. Adult squash bug. red lines on each wing (Figure 1). The (J. K. Clark) (J. K. Clark) wings lie flat on the bug’s back when it is at rest. The abdomen is red. The young nymphs are bright red (Figure 2) and when approaching adulthood, become marked with black and begin to develop black wing pads. Eggs are yellow when first laid but become red as nymphs develop inside (Figure 3). Boxelder bugs are true bugs (Order: Hemiptera) in the family Rhopalidae.
    [Show full text]
  • File Copy 161
    FILE COPY 161 Overwintering Aggregation of Boisea rubrolineatus (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) in Western Oregon T. D. SCHOWALTER Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 Environ. Entomol. 15: 1055-1056 (1986) ABSTRACT Overwintering behavior of Boisea rubrolineatus (Barber) was studied during 1984-85. Large numbers of this insect aggregated on a single, large Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, tree, with deep bark fissures, at the edge of a stand ca. 1 km from a grove of maples, Acer macrophyllum Pursh, the feeding host. Other trees near the over- wintering site were smaller and lacked deep bark fissures, or were shaded by trees along the edge of the stand. Density measurement was used to estimate number of overwintering insects at ca. 8,000. These results demonstrate the degree of aggregative behavior in this insect and suggest that aspects of stand structure influence the availability of suitable over- wintering sites. KEY WORDS Boisea rubrolineatus, population dynamics, forest structure, resource uti- lization, overwintering site selection THE SURVIVAL OF overwintering adults of several pies, Acer macrophyllum Pursh, ca. 1 km N of the forest insect species may be critical to population overwintering site. These maples are the major trends and economic impacts (Furniss Carolin feeding host of this insect (Furniss Carolin 1977) 1977, Schowalter et al. 1986). Behavioral attributes and supported large populations of B. rubrolinea- of overwintering insects can influence the survival tus during spring and summer (personal observa- of such species (Tinker 1952, Pettinger Johnson tion). These trees were exposed to solar radiation 1962), but little information exists on overwinter- but lacked deep (>1 cm) bark crevices.
    [Show full text]
  • Boxelder Bug Nuisance Management for Homeowners
    CIS 1155 Boxelder Bug Nuisance Management for Homeowners by Danielle Gunn and Edward John Bechinski Boxelder bugs are a common nuisance pest in Figure 1. Idaho homes and yards. Although not particu- Comparative larly harmful, these insects can be aggravating life-size boxelder when they are searching for places to spend the bug 1st-stage winter. nymph (left) and adult (right). This publication will help you understand both the seasonal biology of boxelder bugs in Idaho, and landscape features that increase pest prob- lems. We discuss the relative importance of these insects as pests. Practical steps you can take to reduce nuisance problems include alternatives to insecticides and safe, effective insecticide use. Identification Boxelder bugs develop through three life stages: eggs, nymphs, and adults. Figure 1 shows the actual body sizes of a newly hatched nymph and a mature adult. Adults are the most commonly encountered life Figure 2. Adult boxelder bugs, Boisea trivittata, are stage. Adult boxelder bugs are flattened, elon- distinctively marked with red lines on a slate-gray back- gate insects approximately one-half-inch long ground. (not including antennae). Overall upper body color is slate gray to black. Reddish orange lines appear behind the head and along the sides of the body (Figure 2). The rest of the body under the wings is red with two rows of black spots. Legs and antennae are black. Eggs. Small red eggs occur in clusters on box- elder and maple trees. Elongate eggs one-six- teenth-inch long are laid in groups of about ten on the bark and leaves of host trees and sur- rounding areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Groups of Insects, Mites and Spiders
    List Supplemental Information Content Taxonomic Groups of Insects, Mites and Spiders Pests of trees and shrubs Class Arachnida, Spiders and mites elm bark beetle, smaller European Scolytus multistriatus Order Acari, Mites and ticks elm bark beetle, native Hylurgopinus rufipes pine bark engraver, Ips pini Family Eriophyidae, Leaf vagrant, gall, erinea, rust, or pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda eriophyid mites ash flower gall mite, Aceria fraxiniflora Order Hemiptera, True bugs, aphids, and scales elm eriophyid mite, Aceria parulmi Family Adelgidae, Pine and spruce aphids eriophyid mites, several species Cooley spruce gall adelgid, Adelges cooleyi hemlock rust mite, Nalepella tsugifoliae Eastern spruce gall adelgid, Adelges abietis maple spindlegall mite, Vasates aceriscrumena hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae maple velvet erineum gall, several species pine bark adelgid, Pineus strobi Family Tarsonemidae, Cyclamen and tarsonemid mites Family Aphididae, Aphids cyclamen mite, Phytonemus pallidus balsam twig aphid, Mindarus abietinus Family Tetranychidae, Freeranging, spider mites, honeysuckle witches’ broom aphid, tetranychid mites Hyadaphis tataricae boxwood spider mite, Eurytetranychus buxi white pine aphid, Cinara strobi clover mite, Bryobia praetiosa woolly alder aphid, Paraprociphilus tessellatus European red mite, Panonychus ulmi woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum honeylocust spider mite, Eotetranychus multidigituli Family Cercopidae, Froghoppers or spittlebugs spruce spider mite, Oligonychus ununguis spittlebugs, several
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to Arthropods Bandelier National Monument
    A Guide to Arthropods Bandelier National Monument Top left: Melanoplus akinus Top right: Vanessa cardui Bottom left: Elodes sp. Bottom right: Wolf Spider (Family Lycosidae) by David Lightfoot Compiled by Theresa Murphy Nov 2012 In collaboration with Collin Haffey, Craig Allen, David Lightfoot, Sandra Brantley and Kay Beeley WHAT ARE ARTHROPODS? And why are they important? What’s the difference between Arthropods and Insects? Most of this guide is comprised of insects. These are animals that have three body segments- head, thorax, and abdomen, three pairs of legs, and usually have wings, although there are several wingless forms of insects. Insects are of the Class Insecta and they make up the largest class of the phylum called Arthropoda (arthropods). However, the phylum Arthopoda includes other groups as well including Crustacea (crabs, lobsters, shrimps, barnacles, etc.), Myriapoda (millipedes, centipedes, etc.) and Arachnida (scorpions, king crabs, spiders, mites, ticks, etc.). Arthropods including insects and all other animals in this phylum are characterized as animals with a tough outer exoskeleton or body-shell and flexible jointed limbs that allow the animal to move. Although this guide is comprised mostly of insects, some members of the Myriapoda and Arachnida can also be found here. Remember they are all arthropods but only some of them are true ‘insects’. Entomologist - A scientist who focuses on the study of insects! What’s bugging entomologists? Although we tend to call all insects ‘bugs’ according to entomology a ‘true bug’ must be of the Order Hemiptera. So what exactly makes an insect a bug? Insects in the order Hemiptera have sucking, beak-like mouthparts, which are tucked under their “chin” when Metallic Green Bee (Agapostemon sp.) not in use.
    [Show full text]
  • Boxelder Bug Boisea Trivittata (Say); Family: Rhopalidae
    IDL INSECT DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY Cornell University, Dept. of Entomology, 2144 Comstock Hall, Ithaca NY 14853-2601 Boxelder Bug Boisea trivittata (Say); Family: Rhopalidae Boxelder bug (adult); actual size about 1/2 inch long. Photo © 2012 by Jason J. Dombroskie. Injury The boxelder bug may be a pest of outdoor trees as well as a household nuisance. It is the latter that is of most concern to homeowners. The bugs overwinter as adults and nymphs in protected dry places, often in wall voids or attics of houses and buildings. During warm days in the fall and again in the spring, the bugs become active and invade homes, creating a nuisance. They do not feed while indoors. Description The adult boxelder bug is about 1/2 inch in length, and brownish-black in color, with red stripes on the thorax and wing margins. The body is also bright red. Eggs are straw-yellow to rusty-red in color and are not often seen, as they are deposited on boxelder trees (Acer negundo) or other maples, or near the trees. The nymphs, which are found on the trees, are bright red in color with the front half darker. Nymphs resemble adults but do not have fully developed wings and are not able to reproduce. The change from nymph to adult is a gradual one. Life History The boxelder bugs pass the winter in the adult and sometimes nymphal stages in dry, sheltered places where they have accumulated in gregarious masses. They often choose buildings or houses as a protected place to overwinter. When weather warms up in the spring, the bugs leave their places of hibernation to fly to boxelder trees, where they deposit their eggs.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Boxelder Bug, Boisea Trivittata (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae) Confirmation in Arkansas S
    Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 69 Article 24 2015 Eastern Boxelder Bug, Boisea trivittata (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae) Confirmation in Arkansas S. W. Chordas III Ohio State University C. T. McAllister Eastern Oklahoma State College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Chordas, S. W. III and McAllister, C. T. (2015) "Eastern Boxelder Bug, Boisea trivittata (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae) Confirmation in Arkansas," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 69 , Article 24. Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol69/iss1/24 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This General Note is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 69 [2015], Art. 24 The Eastern Boxelder Bug, Boisea trivittata (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae): Confirmation in Arkansas S.W. Chordas III1 and C.T. McAllister2* 1Center for Life Sciences Education, The Ohio State University, 260 Jennings Hall, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 2Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, OK 74745 *Correspondence: [email protected] Running Title: The Eastern Boxelder Bug in Arkansas The documented hemipteran fauna of Arkansas has grown tremendously since taxa listed in Henry and Froeschner (1988).
    [Show full text]
  • Research Progress Reports for Pierce's Disease and Other
    2019 Research Progress Reports Research Progress Reports Pierce’s Disease and Other Designated Pests and Diseases of Winegrapes - December 2019 - Compiled by: Pierce’s Disease Control Program California Department of Food and Agriculture Sacramento, CA 95814 2019 Research Progress Reports Editor: Thomas Esser, CDFA Cover Design: Sean Veling, CDFA Cover Photograph: Photo by David Köhler on Unsplash Cite as: Research Progress Reports: Pierce’s Disease and Other Designated Pests and Diseases of Winegrapes. December 2019. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, CA. Available on the Internet at: https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/pdcp/Research.html Acknowledgements: Many thanks to the scientists and cooperators conducting research on Pierce’s disease and other pests and diseases of winegrapes for submitting reports for inclusion in this document. Note to Readers: The reports in this document have not been peer reviewed. 2019 Research Progress Reports TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1: Xylella fastidiosa and Pierce’s Disease REPORTS • Addressing Knowledge Gaps in Pierce’s Disease Epidemiology: Underappreciated Vectors, Genotypes, and Patterns of Spread Rodrigo P.P. Almeida, Monica L. Cooper, Matt Daugherty, and Rhonda Smith ......................2 • Testing of Grapevines Designed to Block Vector Transmission of Xylella fastidiosa Rodrigo P.P. Almeida ..............................................................................................................11 • Field-Testing Transgenic Grapevine Rootstocks Expressing Chimeric Antimicrobial
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of the Heteroptera of Illinois
    The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 22 Number 4 - Winter 1989 Number 4 - Winter Article 1 1989 December 1989 An Overview of the Heteroptera of Illinois J. E. McPherson Southern Illinois University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation McPherson, J. E. 1989. "An Overview of the Heteroptera of Illinois," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 22 (4) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol22/iss4/1 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. McPherson: An Overview of the Heteroptera of Illinois 1989 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 177 AN OVERVIEW OF THE HETEROPTERA OF ILLINOIS l J. E. McPherson ,2 ABSTRACT A key to adults of all heteropteran families known to occur in Illinois is presented together with general information on the biologies of these families. Also included are general references on Heteroptera and on individual families, particularly if those references involve studies of fauna that were conducted in Illinois, adjacent states, or nearby parts of Canada. The Heteroptera (true bugs) is a large insect order that occurs worldwide and is represented in America north of Mexico by about 45 families. Of these, 36 are known to occur in Illinois. The order is a well defined group characterized by (1) a segmented beak that arises from the front of the head and (2) wings that, when present and well developed, lie flat on the abdomen with the first pair usually leathery basally and membranous distally.
    [Show full text]
  • Host-Specificity of Monoxenous Trypanosomatids: Statistical
    Protist, Vol. 166, 551–568, November 2015 http://www.elsevier.de/protis Published online date xxx ORIGINAL PAPER Host-specificity of Monoxenous Trypanosomatids: Statistical Analysis of the Distribution and Transmission Patterns of the Parasites from Neotropical Heteroptera a b b c,1 Eugene Kozminsky , Natalya Kraeva , Aygul Ishemgulova , Eva Dobáková , c,d,e f b,d Julius Lukesˇ , Petr Kment , Vyacheslav Yurchenko , d,g h,2 Jan Votypka´ , and Dmitri A. Maslov a Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg, 199034, Russia b Life Science Research Centre, University of Ostrava, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic c ˇ Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 Ceské Budejoviceˇ (Budweis), Czech Republic d ˇ Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 Ceské Budejoviceˇ (Budweis), Czech Republic e Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada f Department of Entomology, National Museum, 19300 Prague, Czech Republic g Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic h Department of Biology, University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA 91521, USA Submitted May 28, 2015; Accepted August 18, 2015 Monitoring Editor: Michael Melkonian Host-parasite relationships and parasite biodiversity have been the center of attention for many years; however the primary data obtained from large-scale studies remain scarce. Our long term investigations of trypanosomatid (Euglenozoa: Kinetoplastea) biodiversity from Neotropical Heteroptera have yielded almost one hundred typing units (TU) of trypanosomatids from one hundred twenty host species. Half of the parasites’ TUs were documented in a single host species only but the rest were found parasitizing two to nine species of hosts, with logarithmic distribution best describing the observed distribution of parasites among hosts.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Neotropics
    Chapter 1 Introduction to True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Neotropics Antônio R. Panizzi and Jocêlia Grazia Abstract True bugs (Heteroptera) are a diverse and complex group of insects, particularly in the neotropics. The fauna ofthese bugs has been investigated through time, but our knowledge of the species living in the Neotropical Region is lirnited. ln this introductory chapter, we give a general view on true bugs c1assification and biogeography, with concise comments on their general characteristics and bioecology of each major taxon that comprise each of the seven infraorders of Heteroptera. 1.1 Introduction The true bugs (Heteroptera) constitute a very interesting widely distributed group of insects, which is greatly diversified in tropical zones. Considered the largest group of insects with incomplete metamorphosis, heteropterans have been studied on both basic and applied aspects worldwide. Along the years, several books have been published on Heteroptera, the majority on specific aspects, such as certain groups (taxa) of particular areas, and others on more general comprehensive issues. Of more broad interest, two books about the latter were published relatively recently. The first was dedicated to the c1assification and natural history of true bugs in particular, with insights on the history of the study of Heteroptera, how to collect and preserve true bugs, historical biogeogra- A.R. Panizzi (~) Laboratório de Entomologia, Embrapa Trigo, Caixa Postal 3081, Passo Fundo, RS 99001-970, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] J. Grazia Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, prédio 43435, Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015 3 A.R.
    [Show full text]