Taxonomic Groups of Insects, Mites and Spiders

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Taxonomic Groups of Insects, Mites and Spiders List Supplemental Information Content Taxonomic Groups of Insects, Mites and Spiders Pests of trees and shrubs Class Arachnida, Spiders and mites elm bark beetle, smaller European Scolytus multistriatus Order Acari, Mites and ticks elm bark beetle, native Hylurgopinus rufipes pine bark engraver, Ips pini Family Eriophyidae, Leaf vagrant, gall, erinea, rust, or pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda eriophyid mites ash flower gall mite, Aceria fraxiniflora Order Hemiptera, True bugs, aphids, and scales elm eriophyid mite, Aceria parulmi Family Adelgidae, Pine and spruce aphids eriophyid mites, several species Cooley spruce gall adelgid, Adelges cooleyi hemlock rust mite, Nalepella tsugifoliae Eastern spruce gall adelgid, Adelges abietis maple spindlegall mite, Vasates aceriscrumena hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae maple velvet erineum gall, several species pine bark adelgid, Pineus strobi Family Tarsonemidae, Cyclamen and tarsonemid mites Family Aphididae, Aphids cyclamen mite, Phytonemus pallidus balsam twig aphid, Mindarus abietinus Family Tetranychidae, Freeranging, spider mites, honeysuckle witches’ broom aphid, tetranychid mites Hyadaphis tataricae boxwood spider mite, Eurytetranychus buxi white pine aphid, Cinara strobi clover mite, Bryobia praetiosa woolly alder aphid, Paraprociphilus tessellatus European red mite, Panonychus ulmi woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum honeylocust spider mite, Eotetranychus multidigituli Family Cercopidae, Froghoppers or spittlebugs spruce spider mite, Oligonychus ununguis spittlebugs, several species twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Family Cicadellidae, Leafhoppers leafhoppers, several species Class Insecta, Insects Family Coccidae, Soft, wax and tortoise scales Order Coleoptera, Beetles calico scale, Eulecanium cerasorum Family Buprestidae, Metallic woodboring beetles cottony maple scale, Pulvinaria innumerabilis bronze birch borer, Agrilus anxius European fruit lecanium scale, Parthenolecanium corni emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fletcher scale, Parthenolecanium fletcheri flatheaded appletree borer, Chrysobothris femorata pine tortoise scale, Toumeyella parvicornis twolined chestnut borer, Agrilus bilineatus smaller spruce bud scale, Physokermes hemicryphus Family Cerambycidae, Longhorned beetles tuliptree scale, Toumeyella liriodendri Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis Family Diaspididae, Armored scales elm borer, Saperda tridentata black pineleaf scale, Nuculaspis californica linden borer, Saperda vestita euonymus scale, Unaspis euonymi locust borer, Megacyllene robiniae gloomy scale, Melanaspis tenebricosa roundheaded appletree borer, Saperda candida juniper scale, Carulaspis juniperi twig girdler, Oncideres cingulata obscure scale, Melanaspis obscura twig pruner, Anelaphus villosus oystershell scale, Lepidosaphes ulmi whitespotted sawyer, Monochamus scutellatus pine needle scale, Chionaspis pinifoliae Family Chrysomelidae, Leaf beetles scurfy scale, Chionaspis furfura cottonwood leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta scurfy scale, elm, Chionaspis americana elm leaf beetle, Pyrrhalta luteola Family Eriococcidae, felt scales imported willow leaf beetle, Plagiodera versicolora European elm scale, Gossyparia spuria Family Curculionidae, Snout beetles or weevils Family Flattidae, planthoppers black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus planthoppers, several species Pales weevil, Hylobius pales Family Kermesidae, Gall-like scales pine root collar weevil, Hylobius radicis pin oak kermes, Allokermes galliformis poplar-and-willow borer, Cryptorhynchus lapathi pubescent leaf kermes, Nanokermes pubescens strawberry root weevil, Otiorhynchus ovatus Family Miridae, Plant bugs white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi ash plant bug, Tropidosteptes amoenus Family Scarabaeidae, Scarab beetles fourlined plant bug, Poecilocapsus lineatus Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica honeylocust plant bug, Diaphnocoris chlorionis Family Scolytidae, Bark or engraver beetles Family Membracidae, Treehoppers ambrosia bark beetle, Xylosandrus germanus treehoppers, several species Tactics and Tools for IPM 17 Supplemental Information Taxonomic Groups of Insects, Mites and Spiders (continued) Family Psyllidae, Jumping plantlice or psyllids Family Pyralidae, Pyralid moths hackberry nipple gall maker, Pachypsylla Zimmerman pine moth, Dioryctria zimmermani celtidismamma Family Sesiidae, Clear-winged moths Family Rhopalidae, Scentless plant bugs clearwing borers, several species boxelder bug, Boisea trivittatus Family Tortricidae, Tortricid moths Family Tingidae, Lace bugs Eastern pine shoot borer, Eucosma gloriola azalea lace bug, Stephanitis pyrioides European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana lace bugs, several species spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Order Hymenoptera, Sawflies, parasitic uglynest caterpillar, Archips cerasivorana hymenoptera, ants, wasps and bees Order Thysanoptera, Thrips Family Cynipidae, Gall wasps Family Phlaeothripidae, Phaleothripid moths oak cynipid galls, several species pine thrips, Gnophothrips species Family Diprionidae, Conifer sawflies European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer Insects feeding on turf introduced pine sawfly, Diprion similis redheaded pine sawfly, Neodiprion lecontei Class Insecta, Insects sawflies, several species Order Coleoptera, Beetles, weevils white pine sawfly, Neodiprion pinetum Family Curculionidae, Snout beetles or weevils Family Tenthredinidae, Common sawflies bluegrass billbug, Sphenophorus parvulus birch leafminer, Fenusa pusilla Family Scarabaeidae, Scarab beetles brownheaded ash sawfly, Tomostethus multicinctus Aphodius beetle, Aphodius granarius dogwood sawfly, Macremphytus tarsatus black turfgrass Ataenius, Ataenius spretulus dusky birch sawfly, Croesus latitarsus false Japanese beetle, Strigoderma arbicola mountainash sawfly, Pristiphora geniculata green June beetle, Cotinis nitida pear sawfly, Caliroa cerasi Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica yellowheaded spruce sawfly, Pikonema alaskensis May/June beetles, Phyllophaga species Order Lepidoptera, Butterflies and moths Northern masked chafer, Cyclocephala borealis Family Arctiidae, Tiger or footman moths Oriental beetle, Anomala orientalis fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea white grubs, several species Family Argyresthiidae, Ermine moths Order Hemiptera, True bugs, aphids, and scales arborvitae leafminer, Arbyresthia thuiella Family Aphididae, Aphids Family Coleophoridae, Casebearers greenbug, Schizaphis graminm elm casebearer, Coleophora ulmifoliella Family Cicadellidae, Leafhoppers Family Galacticidae, Webworms leafhoppers, several species mimosa webworm, Homadaula anisocentra Family Lygaeidae, Bigeyed bugs Family Geometridae, Measuring worms or geometers chinch bugs, Blissus species cankerworms, fall, Alsophila pometaria false chinch bug, Nysius raphanus cankerworms, spring, Paleacrita vernata Order Lepidoptera, Butterflies and moths Family Lasiocampidae, Tent caterpillars Family Noctuidae, Noctuid moths Eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria armyworm, fall, Spodoptera frugiperda Family Lymantriidae, Tussock and gypsy moths cutworm, black, Agrotis ipsilon gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar cutworm, bronzed, Nephelodes mimians whitemarked tussock moth, Orgyia leucostigma cutworm, variegated, Peridroma saucia Family Notodontidae, Prominents sod webworms, Crambus and Parapediasia species poplar tentmaker, Clostera inclusa redhumped caterpillar, Schizura concinna walnut caterpillar, Datana integerrima Beneficial insects, mites and spiders yellownecked caterpillar, Datana ministra Family Nymphalidae, Brush-footed butterflies Class Arachnida, Spiders and mites mourningcloak butterfly, Nymphalis antiopa Order Acari, Mites and ticks Family Psychidae, Bagworm moths Family Phytoseiidae, Predatory mites bagworm, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis phytoseiid mites, Phytoseiulus species Tactics18 and Tools for IPM Supplemental Information Content Taxonomic Groups of Insects, Mites and Spiders (continued) Order Araneae, Spiders Family Chalcididae, Chalcidid wasps or gall wasps Several families chalcidid wasp, several species spider, several species Family Encyrtidae, Encrytid wasps soft scale parasitoid, Encyrtus fuscus Class Insecta, Insects Family Ichneumonidae, Ichneumonid wasps Order Coleoptera, Beetles ichneumonid wasp, several species Family Cantharidae, Soldier beetles Family Scelionidae, Scelionid wasps soldier beetle, Chaliognathus pennsylvanicus scelionid wasp, several species Family Carabidae, Ground beetles Family Trichogrammatidae, Trichogrammid wasps caterpillar hunter, Calosoma sycophanta Family Vespidae, Wasps Family Cicindelidae, Tiger beetles paper wasp, Polistes species tiger beetle, several species potter wasp, several species Family Coccinellidae, Lady beetles yellow jacket, Vespula species convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens Order Neuroptera, Lacewings, mantids, and mealybug destroyer, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri others multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis Family Chrysopidae, Green or common lacewings pink, or twelve-spotted, lady beetle, common green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea Coleomegilla maculata Family Hemerobiidae, Brown lacewings spider mite destroyer, Stethorus punctum picipes brown lacewing, several species twicestabbed lady beetle, Chilocorus stigma Family Mantispidae, Mantidflies two-spotted lady beetle, Adalia bipunctata mantidfly, several species Order Diptera, Flies, gnats, midges, tachinids Order Thysanoptera, Thrips Family Asilidae, Robber flies
Recommended publications
  • Morphology and Adaptation of Immature Stages of Hemipteran Insects
    © 2019 JETIR January 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) Morphology and Adaptation of Immature Stages of Hemipteran Insects Devina Seram and Yendrembam K Devi Assistant Professor, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab Introduction Insect Adaptations An adaptation is an environmental change so an insect can better fit in and have a better chance of living. Insects are modified in many ways according to their environment. Insects can have adapted legs, mouthparts, body shapes, etc. which makes them easier to survive in the environment that they live in and these adaptations also help them get away from predators and other natural enemies. Here are some adaptations in the immature stages of important families of Hemiptera. Hemiptera are hemimetabolous exopterygotes with only egg and nymphal immature stages and are divided into two sub-orders, homoptera and heteroptera. The immature stages of homopteran families include Delphacidae, Fulgoridae, Cercopidae, Cicadidae, Membracidae, Cicadellidae, Psyllidae, Aleyrodidae, Aphididae, Phylloxeridae, Coccidae, Pseudococcidae, Diaspididae and heteropteran families Notonectidae, Corixidae, Belastomatidae, Nepidae, Hydrometridae, Gerridae, Veliidae, Cimicidae, Reduviidae, Pentatomidae, Lygaeidae, Coreidae, Tingitidae, Miridae will be discussed. Homopteran families 1. Delphacidae – Eg. plant hoppers They comprise the largest family of plant hoppers and are characterized by the presence of large, flattened spurs at the apex of their hind tibiae. Eggs are deposited inside plant tissues, elliptical in shape, colourless to whitish. Nymphs are similar in appearance to adults except for size, colour, under- developed wing pads and genitalia. 2. Fulgoridae – Eg. lantern bugs They can be recognized with their antennae inserted on the sides & beneath the eyes.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Aphid Parasitoids and Hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera) on Six Crops in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
    JHR 81: 9–21 (2021) doi: 10.3897/jhr.81.59784 RESEARCH ARTICLE https://jhr.pensoft.net A survey of aphid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera) on six crops in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq Srwa K. Bandyan1,2, Ralph S. Peters3, Nawzad B. Kadir2, Mar Ferrer-Suay4, Wolfgang H. Kirchner1 1 Ruhr University, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany 2 Salahaddin University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Karkuk street-Ronaki 235 n323, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq 3 Centre of Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research, Arthropoda Depart- ment, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Arthropoda Department, 53113, Bonn, Germany 4 Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Avda. Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain Corresponding author: Srwa K. Bandyan ([email protected]) Academic editor: J. Fernandez-Triana | Received 18 October 2020 | Accepted 27 January 2021 | Published 25 February 2021 http://zoobank.org/284290E0-6229-4F44-982B-4CC0E643B44A Citation: Bandyan SK, Peters RS, Kadir NB, Ferrer-Suay M, Kirchner WH (2021) A survey of aphid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera) on six crops in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 81: 9–21. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.81.59784 Abstract In this study, we surveyed aphids and associated parasitoid wasps from six important crop species (wheat, sweet pepper, eggplant, broad bean, watermelon and sorghum), collected at 12 locations in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. A total of eight species of aphids were recorded which were parasitised by eleven species of primary parasitoids belonging to the families Braconidae and Aphelinidae. In addition, four species of hyperparasitoids (in families Encyrtidae, Figitidae, Pteromalidae and Signiphoridae) were recorded.
    [Show full text]
  • Caterpillars – the Threat
    Caterpillars – The threat •Plant health •Site conditions •Abundance of pest •Client Concerns •Regulatory Concerns Pesticides for Caterpillars Biologicals Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) Spinosad (Conserve, Fertilome etc) Insect Growth Regulators Diflubenzuron = Dimilin Fenoxycarb = Precision Tebufenozide = Confirm Pyriproxifen = Distance Neem, Azadirachtin Pyrethroids- Rescue Treatments Bifenthrin (Talstar) Cyfluthrin (Decathalon) Deltamethrin (Deltagard) Fluvalinate (Mavrik) Lamda -Cyhalothrin (Scimitar, Battle) Permethrin (Astro, Spectracide) Oldies but goodies… Carbaryl (Sevin) Acephate (Orthene) Tips For Bagworms, Fall Webworms and other large caterpillars Most pesticides kill caterpillars that are <1” long Spinosad kills largest stages, Pyrethroids are second best Pyrethroids are contact insecticides and useful for killing FWW blown out of webs. Caterpillar Pests- How much injury do they inflict? •Types- Exposed, Concealed •Abundance – Solitary, or Gregarious? •Host Range – What do they eat? •Number of Generations /Year •Abundance of Natural Enemies Concealed Defoliators Mimosa webworm Fall webworm Eastern tent caterpillar Bagworm Leaf crumpler Mimosa Webworm Damage Close-up of webbed branch Webs and Frass of Mimosa Webworm Caterpillar Mimosa Webworm Caterpillar (Late Stage) Overwintering Stage (Pupa) Mimosa Webworm Adult Fall Webworm Fall webworm caterpillar Adult Fall Webworm Adult and Egg Mass of Fall Webworm Eastern Tent Caterpillar Webs on Trees Close-up of Eastern Tent Caterpillar Egg Mass of Eastern Tent
    [Show full text]
  • Methods and Work Profile
    REVIEW OF THE KNOWN AND POTENTIAL BIODIVERSITY IMPACTS OF PHYTOPHTHORA AND THE LIKELY IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES JANUARY 2011 Simon Conyers Kate Somerwill Carmel Ramwell John Hughes Ruth Laybourn Naomi Jones Food and Environment Research Agency Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ 2 CONTENTS Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 8 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 13 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................ 13 1.2 Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 15 2. Review of the potential impacts on species of higher trophic groups .................... 16 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 16 2.2 Methods ............................................................................................................................. 16 2.3 Results ............................................................................................................................... 17 2.4 Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 44 3. Review of the potential impacts on ecosystem services .......................................
    [Show full text]
  • <I>Tibraca Limbativentris</I> (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology Entomology, Department of 2018 Resistance in Rice to Tibraca limbativentris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Influenced yb Plant Silicon Content Lincoln Luis França University of Goias State, Unidade Universitária de Ipameri, [email protected] Cássio Antonio Dierings Federal Goiano Institute, Campus Urutaí, Rodovia, [email protected] André Cirilo de Sousa Almeida Federal Goiano Institute, Campus Urutaí, Rodovia, [email protected] Marcio da Silva Araújo University of Goias State, Unidade Universitária de Ipameri Elvis Arden Heinrichs University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyfacpub Part of the Agriculture Commons, and the Entomology Commons França, Lincoln Luis; Dierings, Cássio Antonio; de Sousa Almeida, André Cirilo; Araújo, Marcio da Silva; Heinrichs, Elvis Arden; da Silva, Anderson Rodrigo; Freitas Barrigossi, José Alexandre; and de Jesus, Flávio Gonçalves, "Resistance in Rice to Tibraca limbativentris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Influenced yb Plant Silicon Content" (2018). Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology. 900. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyfacpub/900 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications:
    [Show full text]
  • Gardening with Beneficial Insects
    3/30/2015 Program Overview A review of Beneficial Insects Beneficial roles of insects in a garden ecosystem A little about natural enemies: Predators & Parasitoids Some common & not-so-common beneficial insects Encouraging beneficial insects in the Susan Mahr home garden University of Wisconsin - Madison Most Insects are NOT Bad As Food for Wildlife Over 1 million species worldwide, with over 87,000 species in the U.S. and Canada Only about 1% of all species of insects are serious pests Butterflies Beneficial Activities of Insects Pollinate flowers Many people want to Help decompose dead encourage these insects to visit their plants and animals gardens Kill pest insects 1 3/30/2015 Pollinators Decomposers Bees Break down dead Wasps animals and plants Flies Recycle nutrients Others Natural Enemies Predators Beneficial insects or other organisms that Eat other insects destroy harmful insects Usually larger than their prey Predators eat other insects Parasitoids develop in other insects Consume many prey Pathogens cause diseases in insects Feed as adults and/or immatures Predators Parasitoids Generally fairly mobile Smaller than their host Most have fairly broad host Only the larval stage is range parasitic May be large, conspicuous Immatures develop in/on other insects A single host for development 2 3/30/2015 Parasitoids The Cast of Characters: Some beneficial insects Adults free-living, usually winged and mobile Tend to be host-specific Often small, inconspicuous Praying Mantids True Bugs Order Mantodea Order Hemiptera Generally large Sucking mouthparts Raptorial front legs Simple metamorphosis Many crop pests and some Generalist, opportunistic blood feeders, too Minute Pirate Bugs Big-eyed Bugs Family Anthocoridae Family Lygaeidae 1-2 mm Similar to plant bugs Black and white Feed on mites, small insects Feed on mites, insects eggs and small insects Geocoris spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera of North America 5
    Lepidoptera of North America 5. Contributions to the Knowledge of Southern West Virginia Lepidoptera Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Lepidoptera of North America 5. Contributions to the Knowledge of Southern West Virginia Lepidoptera by Valerio Albu, 1411 E. Sweetbriar Drive Fresno, CA 93720 and Eric Metzler, 1241 Kildale Square North Columbus, OH 43229 April 30, 2004 Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Cover illustration: Blueberry Sphinx (Paonias astylus (Drury)], an eastern endemic. Photo by Valeriu Albu. ISBN 1084-8819 This publication and others in the series may be ordered from the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 Abstract A list of 1531 species ofLepidoptera is presented, collected over 15 years (1988 to 2002), in eleven southern West Virginia counties. A variety of collecting methods was used, including netting, light attracting, light trapping and pheromone trapping. The specimens were identified by the currently available pictorial sources and determination keys. Many were also sent to specialists for confirmation or identification. The majority of the data was from Kanawha County, reflecting the area of more intensive sampling effort by the senior author. This imbalance of data between Kanawha County and other counties should even out with further sampling of the area. Key Words: Appalachian Mountains,
    [Show full text]
  • 1998 Forest Health Highlights
    The Resource Over 5 percent (2.1 million acres) of Iowa is covered by trees and forests. Our forests have significant impacts on our agricultural-based economy, protection of our drinking water supply, critical wildlife habitat and overall enjoyment of the place that we call Iowa. Wood industries employ over 7,000 Iowans, producing lumber and high quality wood products. Trees in our small and large communities, our “urban forests,” increase property values and conserve cooling and heating energy. Our forests are vital to our state’s future. Because our forest resources are valuable to the citizens of Iowa, the Forestry Division of the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (DNR) began monitoring forest and tree health conditions in the late 1970’s. This monitoring effort today is used to determine overall forest and tree health conditions, the status of natural and exotic insect and disease problems, and to provide up-to-date information for private and public managers to aid in the sustained management of Iowa’s forest resources. Monitoring Efforts for 1998 Estimates of serious forest and tree insects, diseases, and weather impacts, were determined by aerial surveys of over 141,832 acres of representative forested areas across the state conducted during the Summer of 1998. Visual surveys from DNR Foresters, municipal foresters, and trained volunteers were also evaluated, as well as aerial survey assistance from the USFS , in determining forest and tree health conditions and locations of pest problems. Potentially the greatest threat to our forests is from the famous “Gypsy Moth,” (not yet established in our state, but potentially serious) which required placement of 6,000 pheromone survey traps by the IDALS State Entomologist's Office and selected volunteers to determine infestation areas and sites in need of quick eradication efforts.
    [Show full text]
  • Pear Sawfly Caliroa Cerasi Order Hymenoptera, Family Tenthredinidae; Common Sawflies Introduced Pest
    Pests of Trees and Shrubs Pear sawfly Caliroa cerasi Order Hymenoptera, Family Tenthredinidae; common sawflies Introduced pest Host plants: Cherry, cotoneaster, hawthorn, mountain- ash, pear and plum Description: Adult sawflies are 5–8 mm long, black and yellow, and stout bodied. Larvae are slimy, slug-like, and shiny olive-green to blackish in color. They are 12 mm long when full grown. Life history: Adults emerge early in June and lay single eggs on leaf undersides. Larvae appear in June, feed for about a month, then drop to the soil to pupate. A second generation can begin in early August. Overwintering: Prepupae in the soil. Damage symptoms: Larvae feed on upper leaf surfaces, Scorched leaves caused by pear sawfly larva defoliation leaving only the leaf veins. Heavy defoliation gives the damage. (189) tree a scorched appearance, and leaves may drop prema- Photo: Jeff Hahn turely. Severe defoliation can adversely affect tree health. Monitoring: Look for black, slug-like larvae feeding on the upper surface of leaves in June and again in August, and look for their damage on the leaves. Physical control: Small populations of larvae can be removed by hand and destroyed. Chemical control: Horticultural oils and insecticidal soaps are very effective against larvae. Biological control: No reports of natural enemies Plant mortality risk: Low Biorational pesticides: azadirachtin, horticultural oil, insecticidal soap, pyrethrins, spinosad Conventional pesticides: acephate, bifenthrin, carbaryl, Leaf damage caused by pear sawfly larvae. (188) chlorpyrifos (nursery only), cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, Photo: Whitney Cranshaw fluvalinate, imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, malathion, permethrin Leaf damage caused by young, pear sawfly larvae.
    [Show full text]
  • Zimmerman Pine Moth Phil Pellitteri, UW Insect Diagnostic Lab
    XHT1164 Provided to you by: Zimmerman Pine Moth Phil Pellitteri, UW Insect Diagnostic Lab Zimmerman pine moth (Dioryctria zimmermani) was first detected in the US in 1879, and has subsequently been found and is established throughout the northern US east of the Rocky Mountains. Austrian and Scots pines are preferred hosts of Zimmerman pine moth. However Eastern white and mugo pines are also attacked. Symptoms of Zimmerman pine moth. Tunneling by larvae in branch whorls leads to formation of masses of pitch (left). Sap from feeding sites often runs down branches and trunks (right). Left photo courtesy of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Archive, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Bugwood.org Appearance: Adult Zimmerman pine moths are midsized with gray and red- brown wings, marked with zigzag lines. Larvae are generally dirty white to light grey and up to one inch long. They can only be found in pitch masses, under bark or in new shoots. Symptoms and Effects: Zimmerman pine moth larvae tunnel into new growth causing shoot dieback, or into whorl areas causing masses of pitch to form at the wound site. Repeated attacks by the larvae cause a weakening at the area of the infestation and make the branches and trunk susceptible to breakage. Life Cycle: Zimmerman pine moth has a one-year life cycle and spends the winter as a young caterpillar underneath bark scales of infested trees. In mid to late April, larvae become active and they migrate to the base of branches or shoots and burrow inside. Larvae continue to feed into July and then pupate within a chamber in a mass of pitch.
    [Show full text]
  • Development and Parasitism by Aphelinus Certus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a Parasitoid of Aphis Glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Author(S): Andrew J
    Development and Parasitism by Aphelinus certus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a Parasitoid of Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Author(s): Andrew J. Frewin, Yingen Xue, John A. Welsman, A. Bruce Broadbent, Arthur W. Schaafsma, and Rebecca H. Hallett Source: Environmental Entomology, 39(5):1570-1578. 2010. Published By: Entomological Society of America DOI: 10.1603/EN09312 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1603/EN09312 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is an electronic aggregator of bioscience research content, and the online home to over 160 journals and books published by not-for-profit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. BEHAVIOR Development and Parasitism by Aphelinus certus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a Parasitoid of Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) ANDREW J. FREWIN,1 YINGEN XUE,1 JOHN A. WELSMAN,2 A. BRUCE BROADBENT,3 2 1,4 ARTHUR W. SCHAAFSMA, AND REBECCA H. HALLETT Environ. Entomol. 39(5): 1570Ð1578 (2010); DOI: 10.1603/EN09312 ABSTRACT Since its introduction in 2000, the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) has been a serious pest of soybean in North America.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Release of the Gall Mite, Aceria Drabae
    United States Department of Field release of the gall mite, Agriculture Aceria drabae (Acari: Marketing and Regulatory Eriophyidae), for classical Programs biological control of hoary Animal and Plant Health Inspection cress (Lepidium draba L., Service Lepidium chalapense L., and Lepidium appelianum Al- Shehbaz) (Brassicaceae), in the contiguous United States. Environmental Assessment, January 2018 Field release of the gall mite, Aceria drabae (Acari: Eriophyidae), for classical biological control of hoary cress (Lepidium draba L., Lepidium chalapense L., and Lepidium appelianum Al-Shehbaz) (Brassicaceae), in the contiguous United States. Environmental Assessment, January 2018 Agency Contact: Colin D. Stewart, Assistant Director Pests, Pathogens, and Biocontrol Permits Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture 4700 River Rd., Unit 133 Riverdale, MD 20737 Non-Discrimination Policy The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the bases of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) To File an Employment Complaint If you wish to file an employment complaint, you must contact your agency's EEO Counselor (PDF) within 45 days of the date of the alleged discriminatory act, event, or in the case of a personnel action.
    [Show full text]