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Home , Acanthosomatidae, Banasa (bug), Banasa dimidiata, Boisea, Boisea rubrolineata, Boxelder bug

DEPARTMENT INTRODUCTION BODY PARTS LIFE CYCLE PREDATORS OF AGRICULTURE GUIDES Stink bugs are in the order , known When the weather warms in the spring and the days get to entomologists as the “true bugs.” True bugs are longer, adult stink bugs come out of hibernation to feed, Apoecilus bracteatus P. maculiventris, Adult Adult Podisus brevispinus, characterized by having sucking mouthparts that mate, and lay eggs. These adults will die a few weeks Size: 13 – 17 mm Podisus maculiventris they use to suck juices from or prey. More later, but their offspring will hatch and develop through Description: Pale , pink, or tan Spined soldier bugs specifically, stink bugs are in the family , the summer. Stink bug egg clusters can have seven to as with solid red antennae. Abdomen Size: 8.5 – 13 mm and are distinguished from other hemipterans by many as fifty eggs, varying by . After hatching, the with alternating dark bands along having five antennal segments penta( = five,tomo young insects, called nymphs, go through five “instars”, or the edge. Apoecilus is univoltine Description: Adults are mottled light brown to tan dorsally, but can = part); other hemipterans have four or less. When immature stages, before molting into a winged adult. The and overwinters in the egg stage. The defensive fluid smells putrid. appear to be slightly red or pink disturbed, stink bugs emit defensive liquids from first instars generally remain on the egg cluster but later It has been reported that nymphs and adults are generally or on the hemelytra. Pronotum their scent glands that can have a strong odor and instars can be very mobile. The different stages can be solitary but will aggregate to molt. often with pointed “spines” P. brevispinus, Adult a bad taste to discourage predators. Although most distinguished by their relative size to one another and the on the hind angles, but these Hosts: Predacious on larvae, including fall can also be rounded. Wing are herbivorous on a wide variety of plants, a few are development of the wing pads on the later instars. There webworm, and some leaf larvae and sawfly larvae. membranes often have a central predacious on other insects. Over 50 known stink is variation between species and some stages can be Nymphs and adults have been found on golden rod and black stripe. Antennae are solid bug species have been found in Oregon. This guide difficult to discern. Stink bug nymphs will always complete alfalfa. tan colored. Podisus brevispinus can be distinguished from features some of the common species, and some five instars before molting into adults. Range: Have been collected in Oregon from western, south P. maculiventris by and central regions. Occurs in the northern United States, close relatives, that growers and others might find on the presence of a Eggs 2nd instar 5th instar and in the western states, south to and their farms, in their gardens, or in their homes. For small spine that . species with common names, they are provided under extends forward the scientific name, but not all species possess a from the abdomen bioculatus between the base common name. In Oregon, a few species of stink bug Two-spotted stinkbug of the hind legs on P. maculiventris, which is not present can be nuisance or agricultural pests, but most are not or does not reach the hind legs on P. brevispinus. considered pests and none are dangerous to people. Size: 8.5 – 11 mm Hosts: Podisus species are predators on many pest This guide is intended to aid you with identifying stink Description: Mostly black with bright species, and are important in many integrated bugs that you find around the state to help with pest red or orange markings. Pronotum pest management systems. They primarily feed on red with two black marks. Head management decisions or to satisfy your curiosity. Adult Lepidoptera larvae, but because they are opportunistic black with solid black antennae. will feed on many other types of insects. Edge of scutellum with red marks. Color can be variable, from red to Range: Both species are found across the United States ATTRACTIVE PLANTS orange to very pale orange. Color 5th instar and have been collected statewide in Oregon. Stink Bugs These plants are attractive to many species of stink on hemelytra can be present or bugs throughout the spring and summer: not, but there are always two black caerulea marks in a field of color on the • Antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata) pronotum. Nymphs have black or Blue shieldbug At the end of the summer, as days get cooler and of Oregon • English () metallic blue wingpads and bright Size: 4.5 – 9 mm shorter, adults will begin to move into hibernation areas abdomens. • Hawthorn ( spp.) and settle down for the winter. Most adult stink bugs Description: Distinctive dark blue Hosts: nymphs to black metallic color both • Himalayan blackberry (Rubus armeniacus) spend the winter in leaf litter or under tree bark, but A guide to members of the family are voracious predators of the dorsally and ventrally. Legs and and other Rubus sp. some, like the brown marmorated stink bug, will gather (Leptinotarsa decimlineata). Nymphs and adults will feed on antennae are black. Adult Pentatomidae and their relatives the beetle eggs and larvae. • Oregon ( aquifolium) in structures. Some stink bugs are univoltine, or have a Photo by Thomas Shahan commonly found in Oregon Hosts: Predacious on beetle • Red alder (Alnus rubra) single generation per year, but others are multivoltine, Range: Occurs statewide across Oregon, and across the larvae, particularly leaf , and Lepidoptera larvae completing two or three depending on summer United States. (according to literature outside of North America). In • Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) conditions. (Image adapted from illustrations in The Britain, said to occur on low vegetation habitats such as • Wild carrot (Daucus carota) Developmental Stages of Some Species of the Japanese heathland, damp grassland, and low woodlands. They are solitary and overwinter as an adult. • Wild and weedy grasses (Hemiptera), Kobayashi 1967). Range: Found across the United States and has been collected statewide in Oregon.

STINK BUGS For more dimidiata hilaris ligata Chlorochroa rossiana custator Adult Adult Adult Conchuela bug Red-shouldered stink bug information Size: 7 – 10 mm Size: 10 – 15 mm 13 – 19 mm 13 – 20 mm 10 – 11 mm Description: Distinctive bi-colored Size: Size: Description: Bright green oval shape Size: pronotum; green towards the head Description: One of the largest stink Description: Ranges from bright to dark with yellow edges along abdomen. Description: Pale to light green, Oregon Department of Agriculture and red towards the abdomen. bugs in Oregon. Uniform bright green (almost black in some regions) Small depression running along often with a distinctive red stripe Body usually glossy with small dark green color, abdomen has distinctive with a bright band along the edge the middle of the scutellum. Juga across the pronotum, but are also Insect Pest Prevention & Adult punctures. Scutellum often green Adult black marks or notches along the of pronotum and abdomen ranging extend just past the tylus. If small often light brown or tan with no Management Program with light spot on the tip. Hemelytra outer edge. Antennae dark with from red to yellow. Antennae are spots are present on the base of the stripes or distinctive markings. 635 Capitol St. NE green or red. Antenna tan to green light bands. Edges of body may solid black. Many have a lighter scutellum, they are weak and indistinct, otherwise they are Wing membranes with scattered with dark tips. Head is reddish be tinged with yellow. Nymphs are colored spot at the tip of the 5th instar not present. Wing membrane is clear or colorless. Antennae dark spots. Nymphs are dark Salem, OR 97301 with dark punctures. Color of this brightly colored with black wingpads scutellum. Nymphs tend to be are dark, except for the first segment which is green. brown to black. Early nymphs Adult www.oregon.gov/ODA species is highly variable. Often and white and green striped mostly black except for the margins Literature on this species is scarce. have two distinctive pale spots on referred to as B. dimiata in literature. abdomens. Very young nymphs of their abdomen and pronotum, opposite sides of their abdomens Hosts: Found on Oregon grape, spectacle pod (Dithyrea (503) 986-4621 Nymphs have a dark thorax with a have an orange pronotum. Older which is white to yellow. In other maritma), groudsel (Senecio vulgaris), clover (Trifolium and appear hairy compared tan abdomen and are often more nymphs have orange patches on regions of the country, the color is spp.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and cocklebur (Xanthium to other stink bug nymphs. Photos and illustrations by Chris Hedstrom, unless oval than round when compared the edge of the pronotum, which highly variable. Wings reportedly strumarium). is very closely otherwise noted. Information written and compiled to other stink bug nymphs. Banasa 5th instar nymphs of other species in Oregon 5th instar with purple flecks on specimens related to T. pallidovirens and by Chris Hedstrom using various published tumidifrons and B. rolstoni are do not have. Often referred to as outside of Oregon and . Range: Specimens in Oregon collected from Central and SE they are morphologically other species that are also reported hilare in literature. Defensive liquid smells sour and Oregon, but entire range is unknown. indistinguishable, but there is sources. Please inquire for references. 2nd instar 3rd instar from Oregon. These differ in size, candy-like. chromosomal evidence that Hosts: Wide range of hosts including 4th instar This material was made possible, in part, by a rostrum length, and the coloration of Adult they are separate species. This English holly, hawthorns, red alder, Hosts: Wide range of hosts including Cooperative Agreement from the United States punctures on the head. also species contains some and Himalayan blackberry. Prefer Oregon grape, on which it is very Size: 12 – 16 mm Department of Agriculture’s Health subspecies. Hosts: Wide range of hosts, but woody and trees. Can be common, English holly, winegrapes, and Inspection Service (APHIS) and it may not Description: Oval shape overall, pale commonly found in Oregon on a pest on corn, cotton, tree fruits, Himalayan blackberry, hawthorn, Hosts: T. custator is a generalist necessarily express APHIS’ views. This guide is green with abdomen edged in mountain-ash (Sorbus spp.), tobacco, and other crops in some and arborvitae (Thuja spp.). C. ligata yellow, without black markings. feeder and is reported to be a part the brown marmorated stink bug biological English holly, lilac (), 4th instar states. is considered a pest of apples in Antennae almost entirely black, first minor pest on a variety of crops control project in Oregon, which was funded by arborvitae (Thuja spp.), and cane and of cotton in New including beans, corn, , Range: Common in the Willamette segment green. Three distinctive berries (Rubus spp.). In the Columbia Mexico. and . The closely related USDA. Additional support was provided from the 2nd instar Valley and elsewhere in Oregon. Can 1st instar 2nd instar light spots on the base of the River Basin, species of Banasa can be T. pallidovirens is a pest of Oregon Hazelnut Commission and the Oregon be found in southern Canada, New Range: Very common throughout scutellum. Hemelytra with yellow specks. Wing membranes 2nd instar found on conifers. pistachios in California. Blueberry Commission. Thanks to the Walton Lab England, and across the U.S. western and southern Oregon, and is clear (without purple flecks, as can be seen on some at Oregon State University for support in imaging, Range: Very common across Oregon found in the western United States. . Tylus and juga equal or nearly so. Range: Common through Oregon and collection and rearing of live specimens. and found across the United States. Embolium (ridge on hemelytra originating at the anterior and North America. point of the forewing) is slightly wider towards the posterior Layout and design by Liz Beeles. Revised May 2019. end than at the origin. Hosts: Russian thistle (Salsosa iberica), tansymustard (Descurania pinnata), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), wheat Eggs 1st instar Eggs Eggs 1st instar (Triticum aestivum), tumblemustard (Sisymbrium altissimum), and antelope bitterbrush in eastern Oregon (Purshia Eggs 1st instar tridentata). Range: Similar to above, specimens in Oregon collected from Central and SE Oregon, but range is unknown. Note: Chlorochroa species look very similar and are difficult to determine to species without examining internal anatomy. The descriptions in this guide are based on descriptions from “Revision of the species of the Sayi-Group of Chlorochroa Stal (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)” by Buxton et al. California Dept. of Food and Agriculture, 1983). STINK BUGS

Cosmopepla conspicillaris intergressa abbreviatus Trichopepla aurora Adult Adult Hedge-nettle stink bug or happy bespeckled stink bug 4 – 5 mm 8 mm tumidifrons Size: Holcostethus tristis Size: Size: 5 – 7 mm Description: Very round with brown Description: Tan with distinctive stripes Size: 4.5 – 6 mm Adult Size: 8 – 10 mm speckled appearance. Often on the basal half of the pronotum. Description: Very similar in Description: Glossy black dorsally H. abbreviatus, Adult appears slightly metallic or Unlike other stink bugs, the stink appearance to N. undata, but with margins of scutellum and Description: Mottled dark yellow and coppery, especially on ventral bugs in this are often with a more narrow body than hemelytra outlined in yellow or black pattern across entire dorsal side. Wing membranes often with Adult covered in small hairs (in Greek, that species. Head broadly orange. Pronotum with markings surface with alternating black and dark venation. Pronotum with light “tricho-” means hair, and “-pepla” rounded at the tip with concave that resemble spectacles, with yellow bands along abdomen. band. Scutellum with three ivory-colored spots. Antennae means coat). They are closely appearance. Also very similar in appearance to N. a lateral yellow or orange line Wing membrane area is solid dark. light except for last segment. related to the genus Holcostethus. 5th instar cavifrons and N. sulcifrons, which are not as common or in the middle of the pronotum. H. limbolarius is very similar in H. limbolarius, Adult They are reported to usually occur are not known to occur in Oregon. Tip of scutellum edged in white. Hosts: Common on thimbleberry, raspberry, and other Rubus appearance to H. abbreviatus, but is H. limbolarius, Eggs a little smaller, and the band of color in groups. Literature regarding Wing membranes. Legs and spp. and Geranium spp. Collected from wild currant (Ribes Hosts: Frequently found on wild carrot, grasses, and oats. 5th instar around the abdomen is continuously behavior or life history is scarce. antennae black or very dark spp.) in southern Oregon. H. abbreviatus, 4th instar yellow along the edge with small H. tristis, Adult H. tristis, 3rd instar Hosts: In Oregon, observed on weedy Range: Across Canada and United States. Common in brown. Found throughout Oregon. Common in the Range: black marks instead of clear dark grasses, but is mostly unknown. Oregon in the Willamette Valley and identified from Willamette Valley. Found in the western United States to Hosts: In literature, bands. Holcostethus tristis is similar specimens in Baker, Deschutes, Douglas, Jackson and and . Range: Occurs in California, Oregon, C. conspicillaris is commonly in shape to H. abbreviatus and has Lake counties and Wasco County. , and Colorado. found on Stachys palustris, the same alternating black bands as commonly called hedge-nettle H. abbreviatus, but is much darker, or woundwart. Also found nearly black or very dark brown Adult Adult with dark antennae. Nymphs of on Stachys bizantia (Lamb’s Twice-stabbed stink bug Antheminia remota Size: 4.5 – 6 mm ear) in Corvallis. Collected in all species are have short hairs on Eggs Adult Size: 8 – 9 mm Corvallis, Oregon on pathfinder Size: 5 – 6 mm their upper abdomen and thorax, Description: Body is long-oval and have light bands or stripes on H. abbreviatus, 2nd instar (Adenocaulon bicolor) and Description: Frequently referred to as Description: Pink to purple head shape, mostly grey brown. opposite sides of their abdomen. columbine (Aquilegia spp.). Cosmopepla bimaculata. Small with pronotum green anteriorly and Yellow triangular head with This genus is closely related to black body with red cross marking purple posteriorly, with a pale brown to black punctures. Pale Trichopepla. Range: Western United States. In on pronotum. Scutellum with two lateral stripe running from the back yellow line in the middle of head Oregon, specimens collected red markings on either side (these Hosts: Polyphagous species, of the head to the scutellum. Purple that extends through pronotum primarily in western region of markings are where it gets its latin commonly found on English holly, or pink hemelytra with a green to scutellum, often with two pale lines on opposite sides the state. synonym and common name, two lilac (Syringa vulgaris), hawthorn, H. tristis, 1st instar H. tristis, Eggs scutellum, which has a wide tip. of scutellum. Outer antennal segments dark. (bi-) stab marks (-maculata). Himalayan blackberry, and Edges of abdomen bright green. Formerly referred to as Cosmopepla uhleri 5th instar Hosts: Frequently found on wild carrot, grasses, and wild Adult snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus) Codophila remota. oats in abundance. Size: 4 – 5 mm Hosts: In Oregon, observed on lamb’s H. abbreviatus, Eggs in the Willamette Valley. Also found Although this genus is found throughout the ear, geranium, seed heads of wild Hosts and Range: Range: Across Canada and United States. Very common Description: Reddish brown with a on antelope bitterbrush in central carrot, columbine, thimbleberry, United States, it is not very common and there are sparse in Oregon in Willamette Valley and identified from distinctive, irregular orange (or Oregon. and many other plants. notes about behavior or preferred host plants. In Oregon, it specimens in Baker, Deschutes, Douglas, Jackson, Lake red or yellow) band across the Range: Holcostethus abbreviatus has been collected in grassy areas statewide. Range: Common throughout Oregon and Wasco counties. pronotum. Pronotum without and Holcostethus tristis are found and the United States. pale edges seen in other in the western U.S. Holcostethus Cosmopepla species. Antennae limbolarius is found across the dark brown. Edge of abdomen United States. Holcostethous with alternating light and dark bands. Underside black. Eggs 1st instar 3rd instar abbreviatus is common in western Oregon, whereas Hosts: Collected on columbine (Aquilegia sp.). Holcostethus tristis is less commonly found in the state. Also collected on thimbleberry in Portland (Rubus parviflorus) and wild Geranium spp. Range: Specimens in Oregon collected in and around Portland, but extent of range in the state is unknown. In the U.S., known range is western United States to .

STINK BUGS OTHER COMMON TRUE BUGS

Brochymena affinis conspersus Halyomorpha halys Family Family Brochymena Adult Adult Consperse stink bug Adult Brown marmorated stink bug Adult lateralis Elasmucha R. alboacuminatus, Size: 14 – 20 mm quadripustulata lateralis, Adult Size: 8 – 12 mm cruciatus Adult alboacuminatus Description: Wide and flat bodied. Rough stink bug Size: 8 – 12 mm Size: E. lateralis is 6 – 8 mm Tuxedo bug Black and white mottled Description: Greyish brown and marbled Size: 14 – 18 mm Description: Upper body brown or E. cruciatus is 8 – 10 mm appearance with accents of grey overall, mottled or spotted upper body, sometimes slightly Description: R. alboacuminatus is a Description: Oval shape, narrow when orange on pronotum and appearance, underside light tan purplish on the hemeleytra. Legs Description: The family true bug in the family commonly compared to B. affinis. Jugae are scutellum, upper body covered or light green. Pronotum with are light tan to white with dark Acanthosomatidae was called “dirt-colored seed longer than tylus, and converge to in punctures and indentations. small serrations along the outer spots on the femora. Alternating formerly treated as a subfamily bugs”. They were first found in touch (they do not usually touch Antennae solid black. Front edge edges. Legs are yellow or tan light and dark banding along the within the Pentatomidae, but Oregon in 2002. They are of note in B. affinis). Overall grey-brown is now considered separate. of prontotum with serrations. and covered in black spots. Wing edge of the abdomen is usually because they can occasionally mottled body covered in dimples or 5th instar Members of this family can be Wing membranes with dark areas membranes are dark, but faint spots visible from above. Pronotum invade homes and landscapes indentations, compared to B. affinis distinguished from the pentatomids around veins. Legs are black with are visible. Antennae are yellow with without serrations along the edge, in very large numbers, making Photo by João Coelho that is more black and white than by the number of tarsal segments— Elasmostethus white bands. Jugae extend past brown tips. Conspersus means “with 5th instar unlike Brochymena or Euschistus. cruciatus, them a nuisance pest. They can be identified by the tylus but do not usually touch. brown. Antennae are dark with distinct light two for Acanthosomatidae and spots” in Latin. Pronotum three for Pentatomidae—but also Adult combination of white spots at the tip of the abdomen, Defensive secretions smell sweet Hosts: Mostly arboreal, but reported bands. Nymphs usually have black the hemelytra, and the pronotum, plus the appearance Pronotum Hosts: Very wide host range. Can be detail by the spine or “keel” on their and fruity, similar to maraschino host range is extensive. In Oregon, and red abdomens with black thorax of white edges on the scutellum. Although they are a detail a pest in apples in Washington and abdomen, adjacent to the rostrum cherry. Overwinters under tree specimens have been found on and heads, and are very active when nuisance pest, they are seed feeders and do not pose California. Often found feeding on when at rest. Both of the species bark. hawthorn, red alder, black walnut disturbed. risks to plants or structures. wine , but not considered a pictured here are often found (Juglans nigra) black locust (Robinia on red alder cones and Rubus Hosts: Observed on alder, ash 4th instar major pest of this crop in Oregon. Hosts: Very wide host range. In ( spp.), Douglas-fir pseudoacacia) and mountain-ash Oregon, commonly found in urban spp., especially thimbleberry, R. (Sorbus spp.). Range: Common 5th instar parviflorus. Nymphs of E. lateralis Family (Pseudotsuga menziesii), and 5th instar areas on English holly, catalpa, cedar (Thuja plicata) in Corvallis, throughout Oregon. paulownia, himalayan blackberry, are especially gregarious. Although Range: Across the United States. In 3rd instar some members of this family are Description: The scutellerids are Oregon. Reported to be found Found in the western and hazelnut. In the Mid-Atlantic Oregon, commonly found in Wasco considered pests, for example on hazelnuts in Turkey, they more round and tortoise-like on Ponderosa pine (Pinus United States. states, H. halys is a significant County, but occurs statewide. are not considered pests in Oregon. Adults exhibit maternal when compared to pentatomids. ponderosa). economic crop pest as well as Common across the northern United care of eggs and early instars. Their scutellum is very large and an urban nuisance pest. H. halys Range: Commonly found in the States. extends to cover their entire Eurygaster is expected to be a significant Family abdomen. Common species Willamette Valley in Oregon, but Eggs economic pest in Oregon and is rubrolineata , in Oregon are in the genus spp. Adult have been recovered in eastern already a nuisance pest in many Adult Oregon. Found in the western 1st instar Eurygaster and can be very Euschistus variolarius Adult areas due to its habit of aggregating numerous in wild grasses where they feed on grass United States to Nebraska. on the sides of buildings and inside Size: 6 – 10 mm One-spotted stink bug 4th instar stems. However, these insects are not considered pests homes. Description: Western boxelder bugs in Oregon. E. integriceps is an serious economic pest Size: 11 – 15 mm of wheat and barley in Asia and North Africa, but this Range: In Oregon, northern region of are native to Oregon and primarily species is not known to occur in the United States. Description: Upper body brown or grey, the state from Hood River to feed on the flowers and seeds of (Acer spp.). They will mottled or spotted appearance, Portland, along the Willamette Eggs 3rd instar 4th instar also occasionally feed on other underside lightly tan or green. Can Valley south to Medford. Also be distinguished from E. conspersus ornamental plants or fruit trees, but More information on Pentatomids: found in coastal counties. In the are not known to cause damage. by the appearance of a faint “V” Hatching United States, found in 38 states Boxelder bugs belong to the Stink Bugs of Economic Importance in America North or lighter area on the end of the scutellum. E. variolarius and established as pests in Oregon, same insect order as stink bugs of Mexico. J. E. McPherson and Robert McPherson, CRC is usually larger than E. conspersus, and lacks small dark Washington, and the Mid-Atlantic Nymphs (Hemiptera), but do not defend themselves with odorous Press, 2000. marks that appear ventrally along the outer edge of each region. chemicals. In late summer, they often become a nuisance abdominal segment which appear on E. conspersus. The Eggs pest due to their habit of aggregating on the sunny sides of Pentatomoidea information online. males of the species have a distinctive spot on the genitalia. buildings and trees and have been mistaken for the brown Dr. David Rider, State University. http://bit.do/b3cgB Hosts: Host range is wide and is similar to that of marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys. Although they E. conspersus. are not considered plant or structural pests, boxelders in high numbers can cause aesthetic issues due to large Range: Commonly found in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. amounts of excrement. Aggregations can interrupt outdoor Found throughout the United States. activity, but these events are relatively short-lived and chemical management is not recommended.