New Ways of Analyzing Variation 45
Pachan̓tsut | Spreading Roots | November 3–6, 2016
Segal Room (1400-1430) Computer Lab (1350) Sauder (2270) Lohn (7000) 9.00–5.30 Registration: HC Concourse 9.00–5.30 Book Exhibits: Teck Gallery Lounge 9.30–11.30 Optimizing language variation analysis: Language Variation Suite. Olga Scrivner, Manuel Días- Campos & Rafael Orozco.
11.35–11.45 Opening Remarks 11.45–12.45 Plenary: General principles governing variation in
SFU Brazilian Portuguese. Plenary sponsor:
Discourse Anthony J. Naro & Marta
ProcessingLab, Scherre. 1.00–3.00 Text mining for Complex systems and Widening horizons: Cross- sociolinguistic research. variationist analysis. cultural approaches to Joseph Roy, Anna María Allison Burkette, Jacqueline linguistic variation. Escobar, Kate Lyons & Hettel & Bill Kretzschmar. Aria Adli & Gregory Guy Gyula Zsombok. 3.00–3.15 Coffee Break: HC Concourse 3.15–5.15 Marginal models: An Game theoretic modelling Widening horizons (cont.) alternative to mixed-effects for social meaning and models in sociolinguistic semantic change.
Thursday research. Heather Burnett & E. Allyn David Eddington. Smith. 5.30–7.00 Opening Reception Segal Room (1400-1430) Canfor (1600) Sauder (2270) Lohn (7000) 8.00–5.30 Registration: HC Concourse 8.30–5.30 Book Exhibits: Teck Gallery Lounge 8.00–8.30 Breakfast: HC Concourse
Session 1 Vowel Variation in World Morphosyntax I Vernacular Stability The ING session Englishes Chair: Alicia Wassink Chair: Kirk Hazen Chair: Gillian Sankoff Chair: Nicole Rosen
8.30–8.55 137. Gender and substrate 65. Variation in grammatical 20. Vernacular maintenance 234. Velar nasal plus in the erasure amongst young, gender marking in Turkish (or the lack thereof) and the north of (ing)land. black, middle-class South and Moroccan Dutch apparent time construct. Bailey. African English speakers. ethnolects. Findings from Bailey, Cukor-Avila, Wikle & Mesthrie. the Roots of Ethnolects Comer. project. Hinskens & van Hout. 8.55–9.20 138. Internal push, external 50. Variable past participles 161. Vernacular stability: 56. Deconstructing (ING). pull: The Reverse Vowel in Portuguese perfect Comparative evidence from Walker. Shift in South African constructions. two lifespan studies. English. Christodulelis, Dauphinais Wagner & Tagliamonte. Chevalier. Civitello, Hoff, Pflum & Schwenter. 9.20–9.45 291. Legacy: The vowel 89. ‘Finna put the groceries 261. Staying true to your 240. Dialect, priming, and systems of Liberia's up’: Comparing African- roots: Language stability frequency effects on (-ING) Englishes. American and European- through late adulthood variation in English. Singler. American regional variation. amidst language shift. Laturnus, de Vilchez, Austen. Blainey. Chaves & Guy. Friday Friday
9.45–10.10 143. CAUGHT between 264. What's ain't got to do 66. Style-shifting over the 252. What do listeners three COURTS: Shifting with tense in AAE? lifespan: Evidence from a know about the norms in the low-back Fisher. Canadian icon. sociolinguistic variable vowel system of Singapore Suss. (ING)? English. Vaughn & Kendall. Starr, Imperial, Huang, Mostafizar Rahman, Wong, Ong & Mah. 10.10–10.25 Coffee Break: HC Concourse Session 2 Constructing Identity I Sound Change I Prosody I Emerging Varieties Chair: Rob Podesva Chair: Jennifer Nycz Chair: Scott Schwenter Chair: Jack Chambers
10.25–10.50 218. Grammar versus 108. The structural basis of 55. Code-switching and 184. Variation and change phonetics in perceptions of lexical diffusion: The case prosody: English-Spanish in the signified: The gender and sexuality. of diatonic stress shift. bilingual complements. prehistory of ‘Wisconsin Beline Mendes & Levon. Yang. Steuck & Torres Cacoullos. Accent’. Purnell, Raimy & Salmons. 10.50–11.15 304. Hand/s/ome women: 222. Ahead but not faster: 171.“That Spanish twang”: 211. Sources of variation in The role of /s/ in multi- The effect of high token Speaker rhythm and an emerging Parisian modal gender performances frequency on sound accommodation in a Great French vernacular. among SoMa drag queens. change. Plains high school. Cychosz & Kumaran. Calder. Baranowski, Bermúdez- Kohn, Garcia & Dickens. Otero, Bailey & Turton. 11.15–11.40 307. The use of embodied 10. Palatalization. 265. “Twang” in discursive 209. Pathways to creak by young men at an Preston. constructions of language homogeneity in Canadian arts high school. variation in American English. Pratt. English. Denis. Rodgers. 11.40–12.05 302. Affective stance and 188. Silver screen 39. Sounding Appalachian: 76. Ollei, I was too drunk voice quality in a sociolinguistics: Glamour Rising pitch accents in ollei… Lucky I did not hit pervasively creaky speaker: queen speech in 1930s Appalachian English. someone : Nativisation of a Stance objects as a tool for American film. Reed. newly emerging investigaing indexical Boberg. postcolonial English variety meaning. in Palau. Zimman. Matsumoto.
Friday 12.05–1.25 Lunch (on own) Friday
Friday 12.15–1.15 ProD Workshop: Your linguistics training at work: Defining skills and decoding job ads. Anastasia Nylund. 1.25–2.25 Plenary: “When I was a kid no one came… the only black men here had uniforms on them”: The sociolinguistics of globalization and
Consortium migration in the context of LinguisticData Plenarysponsor: Northern Ireland. Special session sponsor:
2.30–2.55 23. Back to the future: 228. The nasal invasion: 197. The perception of Introductory remarks. Linguistic dexterity and Predicting systemic change prosodic prominence in Evans, Benson & Stanford. complexity of AAVE, in dialect contact African American English by beyond the lexicon. Sneller, Fruehwald & Yang. naïve listeners. Baugh. McLarty. 2.55–3.20 149. The effect of 195. Twentieth century 153. Sociolinguistic Regional identity and sociolinguistics pedagogy sound change in perception of intonation in listener perception. on youth attitudes toward Washington DC African Jewish English. Fridland & Kendall. marginalized varieties of American English. Burdin. English. Arnson & Farrington. Bax. Friday
Friday
3.20–3.45 Coffee Break: Language regard and HC Concourse cultural practice: Variation, evaluation and change in German regional languages. Purschke. Session 4 Sound Change III Contact Chair: Sky Onosson Chair: Charlie Farrington
3.45–4.10 74. Effects of language 273. Alignment-induced Language regard and contact on the Michif vowel phonological variation in migration: Attitudes of system. non-native dialogue. founding immigrants and Rosen, Stewart & Berry & Ernestus. newcomers. Sammons. Alfaraz. 4.10–4.35 69. Converging vs. 77. Perception and use of Ethnolinguistic assertions competing phonology: Does variation in Mandarin regarding people who code-switching play a Chinese among local and allegedly “talk white”, or predictable role? expatriate children in “talk black”. Lyskawa. Singapore. Baugh. Starr, Wang & Peh. 4.35–5.00 229. The role of phonology 295. A sociolinguistic study Perceptions of Black in discerning lone other- of Dalian Mandarin: Vectors American Sign Language. language items as of change, sub-dialect Bayley, Hill, McCaskill & borrowings or levelling and the prestige of Lucas.
Friday codeswitches. the local vernacular. Bessett. Wang & Li. 5.00–5.30 Light Snacks: Cracking the code: HC Concourse Wedgies and lexical 5.20-5.30
7.15–9.00 Student Mixer: The Kingston Taphouse & Grille Segal Room (1400-1430) Canfor (1600) Sauder (2270) 8.15–5.30 Registration: HC Concourse 8.30–5.30 Book Exhibits: Teck Gallery Lounge 8.00–8.30 Breakfast: HC Concourse Session 5 Constructing Identity II Methodology Vowel Variation in US Special Session: English I Future directions for research and engagement on African American Language. Chair: Michol Hoffman Chair: Isabelle Buchstaller Chair: David Bowie Tyler Kendall & John R. Rickford. Presentations in this session are approx. 7 minutes and the program is not aligned with breaks in the other parallel sessions. 8.30–8.55 134. The individual vs. the 119. Mixed-effects design 28. The structural a. Introduction. community: Phonetic and power for antagonism and apparent- Kendall. integration as a metric for generalizability of results: time change of the Northern b. Spreading the word on classifying other-language Copula + adjective in the Cities Shift and the Low AAL: Strategic outreach. material in bilingual Spanish variety of Limon, Back Vowel Merger in Wolfram. Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday discourse. Costa Rica. northwestern Wisconsin c. On the CUSP of a Poplack, Robillard & Dion. Aguilar-Sánchez & Díaz- English. breakthrough: Regional Campos. Fox. variation and linguistic 8.55–9.20 120. Gendered and 98. Stable variation and the 169. A new majority: Latino diversity in education. racialized perceptions of role of continuous factor English and the Third Vowel Annan. Spanish-accented English: groups: A meta-analysis. Shift in Liberal, Kansas. d. Researching language The case of lexically Gardiner & Nagy. Kohn, Dickens & Garcia. use in the African American specific phonology community in the 21st switches. century. Baird, Rohena-Madrazo, Lanehart. Balderston & Cating. e. Keep in fresh and come correct. Jones. Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday
9.20–9.45 301. Examining gender in 81. Phonetic variation and 148. Evidence of the f. African American English enclave ethnic self-recorded data. Elsewhere Shift in the beyond the working class. communities. Hall-Lew & Boyd. Inland North. Weldon. Rosen & Li. Nesbitt & Mason. g. Investigating social meaning across AAE. King. h. But what makes him sound black? Explorations in the production and 9.45–10.10 97. “We speak normal 293. A day in the life: What 44. A stilted shift: The perception of intonational Midwestern English… Most self-recordings reveal about Southern Vowel Shift in variation. of the time”: The co- “everyday” language. Midland Appalachia. Holliday. influence of “place” ideology Van Hofwegen. Hazen, Grunau, Nuzum & i. Things people don't know and socio-geographic Vickers. about AAVE that we should. change on vowel variation Rickford. in Columbus. Durian.
10.10–10.30 Coffee Break: HC Concourse Session 6 Discourse-pragmatics Networks & Communities Vowel Variation in US (Af)frication English II Chair: Sali Tagliamonte Chair: Lauren Hall-Lew Chair: David Durian Chair: Kathleen Currie Hall 10.30–10.55 130. It's no problem to be 87. The Janana community 182. An intersectional 245. Sociophonetic polite: Change in apparent of practice: Identity and model of social factors in perception of intervocalic time in responses to thanks. linguistic practice in Raleigh's retreat from the [z] in Costa Rican Spanish. Dinkin. Lucknow, India. Southern Vowel Shift. Chappell. Nagar. Forrest & Dodsworth. 10.55–11.20 40. Charting the 312. The social networks of 59. The Gettysburg Corpus: 139. On the ejke Madrileño grammaticalization minority ethnicity group Testing the proposition that and discrete and scalar trajectory of right. members in Washington all tense /æ/s are created approaches to /s/ analysis: Denis, Wiltschko & D'Arcy. State. equal. One variable, two different Wassink. Bleaman & Duncan. stories. Wright. Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday
11.20–11.45 21. A two-tiered change in 160. Contact, convergence, 215. Affect structures 19. An apparent time study Canadian English: The and covariation: What Mr. variation in vowel quality: of (str) retraction and /tɹ/ - emergence of a streamlined Rodgers knows about The influence of smiling on /dɹ/ affrication in Raleigh, evidential system. language change. the front lax vowels in NC English. Brook. Erker. California. Magloughlin & Wilbanks. Podesva. 11.45–12.10 54. How did it happen? The new verb of quotation in Philadelphia. Labov. 12.10–1.30 Lunch (on own) Session 7 Indigenous Languages Roundtable 1.30–3.45 (utilizing Coast Salish ceremonial practices) Donna B. Gerdts, Marianne Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Ignace & Peter Jacobs. a. Small language—big differences: Variation and change in a Coast Salish language. Gerdts. b. Speech-language pathology and Indigenous students using dialects: Hazards and solutions. Hart Blundon. c. Why First Nations languages matter and what is at stake: Addressing and reversing the impact of cultural genocide on Indigenous languages in British Columbia. Ignace. Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday
d. Chet mi k'anatsuts ta snichim-chet (We're bringing back our language). Jacobs. e. Indigenous language reclamation in the 21st- century Canada. Tł’akwasik'a̱n. 3.45–4.05 Coffee Break: HC Concourse Session 8 Lexical Variation Morphosyntax II Variation in Romance Tapping Variation Online Vowels Chair: Suzanne Robillard Chair: James Walker Chair: Gregory Guy Chair: Derek Denis 4.05–4.30 256. The effect of 22. The conserving effect of 109. The mid back vowel 68. "This is not their space": prescriptivism on the use of morphosyntactic merger in Girona Catalan: Variation, power, and localized terminology in persistence in language Acoustic evidence. feminism on Twitter. French newspapers. change. Bosch-Roura. Goldman. Zsombok. Rosemeyer & Schwenter. 4.30–4.55 60. The importance of 250. Hacer borrow: 158. Bossy is in the ear of 124. Stance markers, differentiating between Bilingual compound verbs the beholder: When L1 and Reddit thread structure, and code-switches and as a borrowing strategy in L2 French speakers community. borrowings: Evidence from Belizean varieties of perceive final vowel Pavalanathan, Fitzpatrick, lone other-origin nouns in Spanish. devoicing. Kiesling & Eisenstein. Lebanese Arabic. Fuller Medina. Dalola. Mourad. 4.55–5.20 284. Practicing what the 99. The Dhutmose Letters: 168. The socioeconomic 279. A large-scale online party preaches: Loanword Lifespan change in Ancient and gender stratification of study of dialect variation in variation, language contact, Egypt? Chilean Spanish vowel the US Northeast: and politics. Gardiner. allophones. Crowdsourcing with Jaggers. Sadowsky. Amazon Mechanical Turk. Kim, Reddy, Wyschogrod & Stanford. Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday
5.20–5.45 110. Variable use of 58. Variation in the history 196. What's in an accent? 144. Mining for variables. Heritage Cantonese of clitic placement in Greek: Vowel harmony and dialect Big data from small input. classifiers. The role of lexical accommodation in Brazilian Grondelaers & Van den Lo & Nagy. exceptions. Portuguese mid-vowels. Bosch. Pappas. Oushiro. 5.45–6.00 Coffee Break: HC Concourse 6.00–6.15 50 years since NYC: Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Saturday Special presentation to Bill Labov by Journal of Sociolinguistics. 6.15–7.15 Plenary: Linguist-community collaboration and shifting
UVic UVic linguistic identities. Plenary sponsor: sponsor:
Lansdowne Walt Wolfram. LectureSeries
Segal Room (1400-1430) Canfor (1600) Sauder (2270) Lohn (7000) 8.00–8.45 Business Meeting 8.00–9.00 Breakfast: HC Concourse
8.00–1.00 Book Exhibits: Teck Gallery Lounge Session 9 Constructing Identity III Syntax I Vowel Variation in Special Session: Canadian English Variationist perspectives on second language acquisition: Studies in production and perception. Chair: Molly Babel Chair: Basile Roussel Chair: Charles Boberg Robert Bayley.
9.00–9.25 146. The indexical re- 202. Dialectal and individual 111. Canadian Shift as Curricular and extra- interpretation of a sound variation in the Done My “push” chain. curricular input on the non- change in progress. Homework construction. Strelluf. use of ne by high school Lawrence. Biggs & Tamminga. students and university FSL learners. Rehner, Mougeon, Mougeon & Vasic. Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday
9.25–9.50 235. The effect of dialect 206. Word order variation 29. A vague phonological Do they follow what we contact and social identity and change in contrast: /eɪg/ as a say? Stylistic variation in L1 on fricative demerger. Transylvanian Saxon. distinguishing element of and L2 Chinese. Regan. Bancu. BC English. Li. Mellesmoen. 9.50–10.15 292. Perceptions of 303. La norme 157. Static and dynamic The development of language and identity communautaire sous les analyses of Canadian regional phonological across generations of projecteurs de Radio- Raising in Toronto and features during a semester Blacks. Canada : la négation Vancouver. abroad in Argentina. Lanehart & Malik. verbale et le futur chez les Hall. Pozzi & Bayley. élites culturelles en entrevue. Villeneuve. 10.15–10.40 118. Gendered compliment 51. The effect of language A longitudinal approach to behavior in Disney and ideologies on the Canadian the perception of /s/- Pixar: A quantitative Shift: Evidence from /æ/ in weakening among L2 analysis. Vancouver, BC and Seattle, Spanish speakers. Fought & Eisenhauer. WA. Escalante. Swan. 10.40–11.00 Coffee Break: HC Concourse Session 10 What Does It All Mean? Syntax II The Final Vowel Session The Interface Session Chair: John Rickford Chair: Martina Wiltschko Chair: Tyler Kendall Chair: John Singler
11.00–11.25 125. A brief history of style, 165. Is indigenization in 129. Native American 186. Exploring online and its contribution to 21st- probabilistic constraints a participation in the Western perceptions of clustered century sociolinguistic sign of different grammars? Vowel Pattern. variability: Towards an theory. Insights from syntactic Sands, Clayton & Fridland. integrated model of Bell. variation in New Englishes. phonetic and Röthlisberger. morphosyntactic variation. Levon & Buchstaller. 11.25–11.50 67. Cognitive styles and 254. Covariance of 177. In-group variation 96. Words' cumulative language variation. syntactic and phonological among African Americans in exposure to fast speech Chambers. contact effects in Eastern Washington, DC: predicts reduction. Cham. Neighbourhood patterns of Brown, Brown, File-Muriel & Baclawski. back vowel production. Raymond. Lee. Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday
11.50–12.15 194. Lectal cohesion in São 172. Building the case for 244. Stylistic variation of 212. Substrate effects on Paulo Portuguese: A look at the grammaticalization of sub-phonemic syllabic –t/d deletion: The case of social factors. Palenquero asé: We have influences on New Zealand Palauan English. Oushiro & Guy. to test this stuff. English schwa production. Britain & Matsumoto. Smith. Heyne & Derrick. 12.15–12.40 281. The city as speech 226. Modality, rurality, and 275. Phonetic vs. contextual 164. Variation, change, and community. emerging varieties: A case cues in communication child language learners: A Strelluf & Cardwell. study of modal verbs of between merged and case study of variable obligation and necessity in unmerged speakers. voicing in English plurals. Labrador Inuit English. Wade. MacKenzie. Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Sunday Thorburn & van Hattum 12.40–1.05 283. The meaning of the 204. Infinitival perfects in 237. Linguistic flexibility and meaning of variation. Appalachian English: phonemic awareness in Eckert. Modals vs. infinitival to. sound change. Tortora, Santorini & Tamminga. Johnson. 1.05–1.10 Announcement: NWAV 46 Best Student Paper and 1.10–1.15 Poster Awards
List of posters
9. Toward a new approach to emphasis: The case of Aswan Arabic. Schroepfer. 11. Age, local identity and change in Tianjin tone sandhi. Wang. 13. Call grandma! Collecting and analyzing intergenerational telephone conversations. Carvalho, Ramirez Martinez, Rodriguez, Wilbanks & Yaeger-Dror 16. This here-t’-∅ York identity: Evidence for a (socio)linguistic definiteness cycle from vernacular determiners in York. Rupp. 25. Morphophonemic convergence and divergence in Palestinian Arabic. Cotter. 31. Spreading roots? Variation patterns of the future tense in Saipanese English. Bürki. 33. Social meanings in Puerto Rican Spanish: An experimental study combining sociolinguistics and semantics. Díaz-Campos, Amaral, Delgado & Galarza. 34. Keeping up with Cait: A longitudinal analysis of F0 and [s] in the speech of Caitlyn Jenner. Simpson. 36. Perfective aspect marker LE in Chinese: A sociolinguistic perspective. Li, Li & Cui. 38. Not sounding like a “white girl” and speaking “English with slang”: Negotiation of Hmong American identities in Minneapolis-St. Paul. Ito. 43. Folk dialectology at the top of the world: Alaskan views of English in North America and Alaska. Bowie & Dannenberg. 62. Age vectors of categorical variables: Quantifying speakers' knowledge about ongoing syntactic changes in Shetland Scots. Stadler & Jamieson. 70. Merger just wasn't in the CARDs in St. Louis: CORD-CARD as a near-merger. Duncan. 73. Two types of rising declaratives: Speaker dependent perception of intonational cues. Jeong. 79. Changing factors in the rise of approximant r in Dutch. Sebregts, Van de Velde, van Hout. 90. Sexual orientation, masculinity, and cross-linguistic perceptions of /s/. Boyd, Fruehwald & Hall-Lew. 91. “¿Eres de aquí?” ‘Are you from here?’ Spanish dialects in contact and fundamental frequency (f0) accommodation in yes-no questions. Steuck. 112. A perception study in black and white: Examining the effects of intonational variables on judgments of ethnicity. Holliday. 114. Goodbye, Mr. Bond! Speech style change and mediatized authenticity of 007's villains. Theodoropoulou. 116. Creaky voice: An interactional resource for epistemic stancetaking. Hildebrand-Edgar. 121. The dialectal and social perception of voice onset time in Singapore English. Shin. 133. Talking or talkin' among TED Talk speakers. Coons, Suethanapornkul, & Yang. 135. Lady Gaga and creaky voice. Esposito. 152. /r/ you the(re)? Analyzing rhoticity in the Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States. Olsen & Renwick. 162. Agreeing to disagree: The absence of gender agreement on past participles in French. Robillard. 163. Eliciting copula variation in the lab. MacKenzie & Wynne. 178. “Back to front”: The role of ethnicity in back vowel fronting in Toronto English. Hoffman. 179. Allophonic change in Newfoundland: An acoustic and articulatory look at /l/. De Decker & Mackenzie 183. The development of gender-differentiated phonetics and style-shifting in African American Vernacular English. Kabasa & Kosmatka. 198. Variation in the apodosis of contrary to fact clauses in Mexican Spanish. Merino Hernández. 200. Incipient /aI/-raising in Fort Wayne: The missing dialect? Davis, Berkson & Strickler. 205. Style-shifting and power dynamics: Comparing many variables. Gordon, Honeyball & Ghuman. 207. A DARE(ING) hierarchy: Effects of individuals on variation. Abrams & Purnell. 208. Sociophonetic variation in hip hop language: Race, region, and /R/lessness. Ray. 213. ‘Real-life Georgia O'Keefe painting’, ‘furburger’, ‘mighty man noodle’, and ‘Vlad the Impaler’: Conceptual metaphors for vagina and penis. Peak & Cukor-Avila. 214. Assessing automated methods of analyzing vowels in sociophonetics. Li. 217. Tergantung (“it depends”): A quantitative analysis of language choice in Indonesia. Abtahian, Cohn, Yanti & Waddell. 223. The full cycle of the sociolinguistic enterprise: Corpus building, student engagement, and critical language pedagogy. Bessett, Carvalho & Kern. 230. Prosodic paths to sound change: The effects of phrasal boundaries on /s/-retraction in American English. Phillips. 232. Nasal mutation variation in Patagonian Welsh. Sleeper. 233. Situating variation in the lexicon: Evidence from second language phonology. John & Cardoso. 236. The role of sentence complexity in variation: A cross-linguistic study of Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese. Leow, Pflum & Muxika-Loitzate 239. “Money attracts the female you want, struggle attracts the woman you need”: The pejoration of female (n). Robinson. 243. Keeping it local: Age, gender, proficiency, and regional loyalty in the maintenance of Francoprovençal in Valle d'Aosta, Italy. Zulato, Fagyal & Roy. 248. The effect of education on the acquisition of a lexical split: The /ɻ/-/l/ contrast in Xiamen Mandarin. Lin. 257. The diffusion of the low back merger in New York City. Haddican, Johnson, Newman & Kim. 259. Participation of second generation immigrants in Canadian Shift and Raising in Vancouver. Presnyakova. 263. Urban youth in Rio de Janeiro: Contemporary linguistic variation in Brazilian Portuguese. Thompson & Onosson. 267. Oral vs. visual stimuli in the IAT: The case of Spanish and English in Miami. Callesano & Carter. 268. Conditionnel ou imparfait? À propos d'alternances verbales dans des propositions hypothétiques du brésilien ‘Paulista’. Berlinck & Brandão. 269. A variationist perspective on the pronunciation of the in English: A TV corpus analysis. Taylor & Cardoso. 272. A diachronic analysis of variable future-in-the-past and canonical future expression in Spanish. Zahler & Daidone. 278. The acquisition of sociolinguistic variation: Effects of a short-term study abroad sojourn on second language learners of Chinese? Bao. 280. Negative alternations in the bilingual speech: The case of Chipilo, Mexico. Tararova. 282. J'ai therefore je suis: A quantitative analysis of auxiliary alternation in Acadian French. Roussel. 285. Linguistic and social constraints on minority language variation: The case of the uvular phoneme in Chanka Quechua. de Vilchez. 286. Nasal coda weakening and regressive vowel nasalization: Uncoupled regional markers in Spanish. Martinez. 296. The role of imagination in attending to variant frequency. Hesson & Wagner. 299. Ideological stance and phonetic variation: The mediatized performance of a sportsman identity. Love-Nichols. 305. Canadian Shift among Filipinos in Metro Vancouver. Umbal. 306. Blackfoot final vowels: What variation and its absence can say about communicative goals. Bliss & Gick.