Rethinking 'Classical Physics'
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Classical Mechanics
Classical Mechanics Hyoungsoon Choi Spring, 2014 Contents 1 Introduction4 1.1 Kinematics and Kinetics . .5 1.2 Kinematics: Watching Wallace and Gromit ............6 1.3 Inertia and Inertial Frame . .8 2 Newton's Laws of Motion 10 2.1 The First Law: The Law of Inertia . 10 2.2 The Second Law: The Equation of Motion . 11 2.3 The Third Law: The Law of Action and Reaction . 12 3 Laws of Conservation 14 3.1 Conservation of Momentum . 14 3.2 Conservation of Angular Momentum . 15 3.3 Conservation of Energy . 17 3.3.1 Kinetic energy . 17 3.3.2 Potential energy . 18 3.3.3 Mechanical energy conservation . 19 4 Solving Equation of Motions 20 4.1 Force-Free Motion . 21 4.2 Constant Force Motion . 22 4.2.1 Constant force motion in one dimension . 22 4.2.2 Constant force motion in two dimensions . 23 4.3 Varying Force Motion . 25 4.3.1 Drag force . 25 4.3.2 Harmonic oscillator . 29 5 Lagrangian Mechanics 30 5.1 Configuration Space . 30 5.2 Lagrangian Equations of Motion . 32 5.3 Generalized Coordinates . 34 5.4 Lagrangian Mechanics . 36 5.5 D'Alembert's Principle . 37 5.6 Conjugate Variables . 39 1 CONTENTS 2 6 Hamiltonian Mechanics 40 6.1 Legendre Transformation: From Lagrangian to Hamiltonian . 40 6.2 Hamilton's Equations . 41 6.3 Configuration Space and Phase Space . 43 6.4 Hamiltonian and Energy . 45 7 Central Force Motion 47 7.1 Conservation Laws in Central Force Field . 47 7.2 The Path Equation . -
Dr. Julie Brown, CTO of UDC, Awarded Prestigious 2020 Karl Ferdinand Braun Prize from the Society of Information Display
8/3/2020 Dr. Julie Brown, CTO of UDC, Awarded Prestigious 2020 Karl Ferdinand Braun Prize from the Society of Information Display Dr. Mike Weaver, VP of UDC, Honored with 2020 SID Fellow Award EWING, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Universal Display Corporation (Nasdaq: OLED), enabling energy-efficient displays and lighting with its UniversalPHOLED® technology and materials, today announced that Dr. Julie Brown, Senior Vice President and Chief Technical Officer, was awarded the 2020 Karl Ferdinand Braun Prize by the Society of Information Display (SID). Additionally, Dr. Mike Weaver, Vice President of PHOLED R&D, was named a 2020 SID Fellow. The Karl Ferdinand Braun Prize was awarded to Dr. Brown for her outstanding technical achievements and contributions to the development and commercialization of phosphorescent OLED materials and display technology. The Society for Information Display created this prize in 1987 in honor of the German physicist and Nobel Laureate Karl Ferdinand Braun who invented the cathode-ray tube (CRT). Dr. Brown has been a leading innovator in the discovery and development of state-of-the-art OLED technologies and materials for display and lighting applications for over two decades, and is the first woman to be awarded this prestigious prize. Joining Universal Display (UDC) in 1998, Dr. Brown leads a global team of unique chemists, physicists and engineers and spearheads the R&D vision of UDC, from its start-up years to its successful commercial present, and continues to create and shape the Company’s innovation strategy for its future growth. The distinction of Fellow honors an SID member of outstanding qualifications and experience as a scientist or engineer in the field of information display. -
Equilibrium Thermodynamics
Equilibrium Thermodynamics Instructor: - Clare Yu (e-mail [email protected], phone: 824-6216) - office hours: Wed from 2:30 pm to 3:30 pm in Rowland Hall 210E Textbooks: - primary: Herbert Callen “Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics” - secondary: Frederick Reif “Statistical and Thermal Physics” - secondary: Kittel and Kroemer “Thermal Physics” - secondary: Enrico Fermi “Thermodynamics” Grading: - weekly homework: 25% - discussion problems: 10% - midterm exam: 30% - final exam: 35% Equilibrium Thermodynamics Material Covered: Equilibrium thermodynamics, phase transitions, critical phenomena (~ 10 first chapters of Callen’s textbook) Homework: - Homework assignments posted on course website Exams: - One midterm, 80 minutes, Tuesday, May 8 - Final, 2 hours, Tuesday, June 12, 10:30 am - 12:20 pm - All exams are in this room 210M RH Course website is at http://eiffel.ps.uci.edu/cyu/p115B/class.html The Subject of Thermodynamics Thermodynamics describes average properties of macroscopic matter in equilibrium. - Macroscopic matter: large objects that consist of many atoms and molecules. - Average properties: properties (such as volume, pressure, temperature etc) that do not depend on the detailed positions and velocities of atoms and molecules of macroscopic matter. Such quantities are called thermodynamic coordinates, variables or parameters. - Equilibrium: state of a macroscopic system in which all average properties do not change with time. (System is not driven by external driving force.) Why Study Thermodynamics ? - Thermodynamics predicts that the average macroscopic properties of a system in equilibrium are not independent from each other. Therefore, if we measure a subset of these properties, we can calculate the rest of them using thermodynamic relations. - Thermodynamics not only gives the exact description of the state of equilibrium but also provides an approximate description (to a very high degree of precision!) of relatively slow processes. -
Von Richthofen, Einstein and the AGA Estimating Achievement from Fame
Von Richthofen, Einstein and the AGA Estimating achievement from fame Every schoolboy has heard of Einstein; fewer have heard of Antoine Becquerel; almost nobody has heard of Nils Dalén. Yet they all won Nobel Prizes for Physics. Can we gauge a scientist’s achievements by his or her fame? If so, how? And how do fighter pilots help? Mikhail Simkin and Vwani Roychowdhury look for the linkages. “It was a famous victory.” We instinctively rank the had published. However, in 2001–2002 popular French achievements of great men and women by how famous TV presenters Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff published they are. But is instinct enough? And how exactly does a great man’s fame relate to the greatness of his achieve- ment? Some achievements are easy to quantify. Such is the case with fighter pilots of the First World War. Their achievements can be easily measured and ranked, in terms of their victories – the number of enemy planes they shot down. These aces achieved varying degrees of fame, which have lasted down to the internet age. A few years ago we compared1 the fame of First World War fighter pilot aces (measured in Google hits) with their achievement (measured in victories); and we found that We can estimate fame grows exponentially with achievement. fame from Google; Is the same true in other areas of excellence? Bagrow et al. have studied the relationship between can this tell us 2 achievement and fame for physicists . The relationship Manfred von Richthofen (in cockpit) with members of his so- about actual they found was linear. -
Evolution of Mathematics: a Brief Sketch
Open Access Journal of Mathematical and Theoretical Physics Mini Review Open Access Evolution of mathematics: a brief sketch Ancient beginnings: numbers and figures Volume 1 Issue 6 - 2018 It is no exaggeration that Mathematics is ubiquitously Sujit K Bose present in our everyday life, be it in our school, play ground, SN Bose National Center for Basic Sciences, Kolkata mobile number and so on. But was that the case in prehistoric times, before the dawn of civilization? Necessity is the mother Correspondence: Sujit K Bose, Professor of Mathematics (retired), SN Bose National Center for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, of invenp tion or discovery and evolution in this case. So India, Email mathematical concepts must have been seen through or created by those who could, and use that to derive benefit from the Received: October 12, 2018 | Published: December 18, 2018 discovery. The creative process of discovery and later putting that to use must have been arduous and slow. I try to look back from my limited Indian perspective, and reflect up on what might have been the course taken up by mathematics during 10, 11, 12, 13, etc., giving place value to each digit. The barrier the long journey, since ancient times. of writing very large numbers was thus broken. For instance, the numbers mentioned in Yajur Veda could easily be represented A very early method necessitated for counting of objects as Dasha 10, Shata (102), Sahsra (103), Ayuta (104), Niuta (enumeration) was the Tally Marks used in the late Stone Age. In (105), Prayuta (106), ArA bud (107), Nyarbud (108), Samudra some parts of Europe, Africa and Australia the system consisted (109), Madhya (1010), Anta (1011) and Parartha (1012). -
Henry Andrews Bumstead 1870-1920
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS VOLUME XIII SECOND MEMOIR BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR OF HENRY ANDREWS BUMSTEAD 1870-1920 BY LEIGH PAGE PRESENTED TO THE ACADEMY AT THE ANNUAL MEETING, 1929 HENRY ANDREWS BUMSTEAD BY LIUGH PAGE Henry Andrews Bumstead was born in the small town of Pekin, Illinois, on March 12th, 1870, son of Samuel Josiah Bumstead and Sarah Ellen Seiwell. His father, who was a physician of considerable local prominence, had graduated from the medical school in Philadelphia and was one of the first American students of medicine to go to Vienna to complete his studies. While the family was in Vienna, Bumstead, then a child three years of age, learned to speak German as fluently as he spoke English, an accomplishment which was to prove valuable to him in his subsequent career. Bumstead was descended from an old New England family which traces its origin to Thomas Bumstead, a native of Eng- land, who settled in Boston, Massachusetts, about 1640. Many of his ancestors were engaged in the professions, his paternal grandfather, the Reverend Samuel Andrews Bumstead, being a graduate of Princeton Theological Seminary and a minister in active service. From them he inherited a keen mind and an unusually retentive memory. It is related that long before he had learned to read, his Sunday school teacher surprised his mother by complimenting her on the ease with which her son had rendered the Sunday lesson. It turned out that his mother made a habit of reading the lesson to Bumstead before he left for school, and the child's remarkable performance there was due to his ability to hold in his memory every word of the lesson after hearing it read to him a single time. -
Paul Langevin (1872-1946), La Relativité Et Les Quanta, Bulletin De La Société Française De Physique, N° 119, Mai 1999, 15-20
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Hal-Diderot M ICHEL P ATY LANGEVIN, LA RELATIVITE ET LES QUANTA 1 Paul Langevin (1872-1946), la relativité et les quanta, Bulletin de la Société Française de Physique, n° 119, mai 1999, 15-20. Paul Langevin (1872-1946), la relativité et les quanta Michel PATY* Formation et profil scientifique: entre l'expérience et la théorie.- Les nouveaux phénomènes sur la constitution des corps et le «fondement électromagnétique de la matière» - La théorie de la relativité restreinte interprétée comme dynamique électromagnétique. Les phénomènes quantiques.- L'interprétation de la mécanique quantique.- Mémoire de Langevin. “Résumer l'œuvre de Langevin, écrivait Louis de Broglie en 1947, c'est reprendre toute l'histoire de la physique depuis cinquante ans” 1. Aussi bien telle n'est pas l'intention de cet article. Mais cette remarque de son célèbre élève est propre à rappeler d'emblée la dimension de ce physicien considérable, qui était l'une des meilleures et des plus sûres têtes pensantes de son époque, et d'ailleurs pas seulement en physique. Mais c'est à la physique que nous nous limiterons ici, et même à l'évocation d'un aspect relativement circonscrit de son histoire: comment, et en quoi, ce physicien clairvoyant et profond que fut Paul Langevin s'est-il trouvé amené à prendre sa part des renouvellements radicaux qui ont transformé la physique au début du XXè siècle, à savoir la relativité et les quanta. Il nous faut commencer par rappeler quelques éléments de sa biographie, et surtout de sa formation2. -
Einstein and the Early Theory of Superconductivity, 1919–1922
Einstein and the Early Theory of Superconductivity, 1919–1922 Tilman Sauer Einstein Papers Project California Institute of Technology 20-7 Pasadena, CA 91125, USA [email protected] Abstract Einstein’s early thoughts about superconductivity are discussed as a case study of how theoretical physics reacts to experimental find- ings that are incompatible with established theoretical notions. One such notion that is discussed is the model of electric conductivity implied by Drude’s electron theory of metals, and the derivation of the Wiedemann-Franz law within this framework. After summarizing the experimental knowledge on superconductivity around 1920, the topic is then discussed both on a phenomenological level in terms of implications of Maxwell’s equations for the case of infinite conduc- tivity, and on a microscopic level in terms of suggested models for superconductive charge transport. Analyzing Einstein’s manuscripts and correspondence as well as his own 1922 paper on the subject, it is shown that Einstein had a sustained interest in superconductivity and was well informed about the phenomenon. It is argued that his appointment as special professor in Leiden in 1920 was motivated to a considerable extent by his perception as a leading theoretician of quantum theory and condensed matter physics and the hope that he would contribute to the theoretical direction of the experiments done at Kamerlingh Onnes’ cryogenic laboratory. Einstein tried to live up to these expectations by proposing at least three experiments on the arXiv:physics/0612159v1 [physics.hist-ph] 15 Dec 2006 phenomenon, one of which was carried out twice in Leiden. Com- pared to other theoretical proposals at the time, the prominent role of quantum concepts was characteristic of Einstein’s understanding of the phenomenon. -
National Academy of Sciences July 1, 1979 Officers
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES JULY 1, 1979 OFFICERS Term expires President-PHILIP HANDLER June 30, 1981 Vice-President-SAUNDERS MAC LANE June 30, 1981 Home Secretary-BRYCE CRAWFORD,JR. June 30, 1983 Foreign Secretary-THOMAS F. MALONE June 30, 1982 Treasurer-E. R. PIORE June 30, 1980 Executive Officer Comptroller Robert M. White David Williams COUNCIL Abelson, Philip H. (1981) Markert,C. L. (1980) Berg, Paul (1982) Nierenberg,William A. (1982) Berliner, Robert W. (1981) Piore, E. R. (1980) Bing, R. H. (1980) Ranney, H. M. (1980) Crawford,Bryce, Jr. (1983) Simon, Herbert A. (1981) Friedman, Herbert (1982) Solow, R. M. (1980) Handler, Philip (1981) Thomas, Lewis (1982) Mac Lane, Saunders (1981) Townes, Charles H. (1981) Malone, Thomas F. (1982) Downloaded by guest on September 30, 2021 SECTIONS The Academyis divided into the followingSections, to which membersare assigned at their own choice: (11) Mathematics (31) Engineering (12) Astronomy (32) Applied Biology (13) Physics (33) Applied Physical and (14) Chemistry Mathematical Sciences (15) Geology (41) Medical Genetics Hema- (16) Geophysics tology, and Oncology (21) Biochemistry (42) Medical Physiology, En- (22) Cellularand Develop- docrinology,and Me- mental Biology tabolism (23) Physiological and Phar- (43) Medical Microbiology macologicalSciences and Immunology (24) Neurobiology (51) Anthropology (25) Botany (52) Psychology (26) Genetics (53) Social and Political Sci- (27) Population Biology, Evo- ences lution, and Ecology (54) Economic Sciences In the alphabetical list of members,the numbersin parentheses, followingyear of election, indicate the respective Class and Section of the member. CLASSES The members of Sections are grouped in the following Classes: I. Physical and Mathematical Sciences (Sections 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16). -
A Short History of Physics (Pdf)
A Short History of Physics Bernd A. Berg Florida State University PHY 1090 FSU August 28, 2012. References: Most of the following is copied from Wikepedia. Bernd Berg () History Physics FSU August 28, 2012. 1 / 25 Introduction Philosophy and Religion aim at Fundamental Truths. It is my believe that the secured part of this is in Physics. This happend by Trial and Error over more than 2,500 years and became systematic Theory and Observation only in the last 500 years. This talk collects important events of this time period and attaches them to the names of some people. I can only give an inadequate presentation of the complex process of scientific progress. The hope is that the flavor get over. Bernd Berg () History Physics FSU August 28, 2012. 2 / 25 Physics From Acient Greek: \Nature". Broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves. The universe is commonly defined as the totality of everything that exists or is known to exist. In many ways, physics stems from acient greek philosophy and was known as \natural philosophy" until the late 18th century. Bernd Berg () History Physics FSU August 28, 2012. 3 / 25 Ancient Physics: Remarkable people and ideas. Pythagoras (ca. 570{490 BC): a2 + b2 = c2 for rectangular triangle: Leucippus (early 5th century BC) opposed the idea of direct devine intervention in the universe. He and his student Democritus were the first to develop a theory of atomism. Plato (424/424{348/347) is said that to have disliked Democritus so much, that he wished his books burned. -
The Development of the Action Principle a Didactic History from Euler-Lagrange to Schwinger Series: Springerbriefs in Physics
springer.com Walter Dittrich The Development of the Action Principle A Didactic History from Euler-Lagrange to Schwinger Series: SpringerBriefs in Physics Provides a philosophical interpretation of the development of physics Contains many worked examples Shows the path of the action principle - from Euler's first contributions to present topics This book describes the historical development of the principle of stationary action from the 17th to the 20th centuries. Reference is made to the most important contributors to this topic, in particular Bernoullis, Leibniz, Euler, Lagrange and Laplace. The leading theme is how the action principle is applied to problems in classical physics such as hydrodynamics, electrodynamics and gravity, extending also to the modern formulation of quantum mechanics 1st ed. 2021, XV, 135 p. 23 illus., 1 illus. and quantum field theory, especially quantum electrodynamics. A critical analysis of operator in color. versus c-number field theory is given. The book contains many worked examples. In particular, the term "vacuum" is scrutinized. The book is aimed primarily at actively working researchers, Printed book graduate students and historians interested in the philosophical interpretation and evolution of Softcover physics; in particular, in understanding the action principle and its application to a wide range 54,99 € | £49.99 | $69.99 of natural phenomena. [1]58,84 € (D) | 60,49 € (A) | CHF 65,00 eBook 46,00 € | £39.99 | $54.99 [2]46,00 € (D) | 46,00 € (A) | CHF 52,00 Available from your library or springer.com/shop MyCopy [3] Printed eBook for just € | $ 24.99 springer.com/mycopy Order online at springer.com / or for the Americas call (toll free) 1-800-SPRINGER / or email us at: [email protected]. -
Sur Ma Généalogie Scientifique Française
Sur ma g´en´ealogie scientifique fran¸caise Didier Henrion Octobre 2010 1 Motivation Durant l'´et´e2010 j'ai effectu´equelques recherches sur ma g´en´ealogiescientifique, afin de compl´eterla base de donn´ees[Mathematics Genealogy Project]. Dans ce document j'ai regroup´equelques informations sur le profil des scientifiques constituant ma branche g´en´ealogiquefran¸caise. Le 12 octobre 1999 j'ai obtenu ma th`esede doctorat fran¸caise[Henrion, 1999] de l'Institut National des Sciences Appliqu´ees(INSA) de Toulouse, devant un jury constitu´ede Christian Burgat (pr´esident), Luc Dugard, Michel Malabre (rapporteurs), Jacques Bernussou, Vladim´ırKuˇcera,Bernard Pradin (examinateurs) et Sophie Tar- bouriech (directrice de th`ese).Les travaux de th`esecombinaient des r´esultatsd'automatique dans la lign´ee des travaux d'Aleksandr Lyapunov (chercheur russe du d´ebutdu XX`emesi`ecle,contemporain d'Henri Poin- car´e,et pr´ecurseurde l'´etudedes syst`emesdynamiques), pour ´etudierla stabilit´ede syst`emeslin´eairesdont les actionneurs saturent, et des r´esultatsd'optimisation convexe et de math´ematiquesappliqu´ees,concernant les in´egalit´esmatricielles lin´eaires,particuli`erement adapt´ees`ala commande des syst`emesen pr´esenced'incertitudes param´etriqueset de mod´elisation. On notera la pr´esencedans le jury de th`esede Bernard Pradin, alors professeur d'automatique `al'INSA de Toulouse. Ses cours, ainsi que ceux de Germain Garcia, Christian Mira et Andr´eTitli, sont `al'origine de ma vocation. En 1998 j'ai ´egalement obtenu un doctorat de l'Acad´emiedes Sciences de la R´epubliqueTch`eque,mais je compte d´ecrirema g´en´ealogietch`equedans un autre document.