Click to reveal notes The ruins of Harappa A year after Harappa The civilization of were discovered in was discovered, the Harappa lasted for 1921 and named ruins of Mohenjo-Daro about 1000 years. after the nearby were found 400 miles village of Harappa SW of Harappa.

The Lost Cities The great bath found Mohenjo-Daro of the Indus in Mohenjo-Daro might was a planned have been used for city of about religious ceremonies. 40,000 people, laid out in a grid, with paved Mohenjo-Daro streets at right means angles. “Mound of the Dead” A citadel is a strong in Sanskrit. fortress with thick walls to protect it. Almost identical Planned Cities-- Harappan cities layouts of Harappa Standard had sewer and Mohenjo-Daro measurements were systems, and indicate that there was used to make bricks many homes had probably a strong that were all the same toilets. central government size. that planned the cities. Harappan Culture Trade routes (Khyber Conclusions about Harappan culture are Pass) connected the Indus Specialized skills-- based on artifacts and Valley and Mesopotamia. Ancient Harappans remains of Mohenjo-Daro. Indus Valley traders traded were skilled engineers ivory, copper, and beads and craftworkers, for cloth, oil, and barley. making elegant jewelry, beautiful Harappans grew new seals, and decorated crops, like cotton, pottery, as well as mustard, and black Surplus food copper fish pepper, as well as wheat, allowed for the hooks. bananas, barley, and specialization of sesame jobs. Cities of the Indus About 1500 BC, a Valley were abandoned group of people from about 1600 BC, Asia, called the Aryans, Aryans means possibly because of crossed the Hindu- “noble ones” in earthquake, drought, Kush mountains into Sanskrit. war, flood, or other the Indus River Valley. natural disaster.

The Aryans The combining of the Aryan and Harappan cultures led to the development of the religion called (blank) Hinduism.

Migrate means to move to a new Natural disaster or war place to live. may have caused the Aryans to migrate to the Indus River Valley.