DOCSLIB.ORG

Mahometanism

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mahometanism AN ACCOUNT OF THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF MAHOMETANISM AN ACCOUNT OF THE RISK AN<> PROGRESS OF JTM Tit*}'. UI'>: <* MAHOMET And a Vindication of him and his Religion " 1 from the r --~*nies of the Christians BY Dr. HENRY STUBBE, M.A. OF CHRIST CHURCH, OXFORD FROM A MANUSCRIPT COPIED BY CHARLES HORNBY OF PIPE OFFICE, IN 1705 "WITH SOME VARIATIONS AND ADDITIONS" EDITED, WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND APPENDIX By HAFIZ MAHMUD KHAN SHAIRANI Published by Private Subscription lender the Auspices of the Islamic Society LONDON LUZAC & CO. 46 GREAT RUSSELL STREET (OPPOSITE THE BRITISH MUSEUM) 1911 PREFACE to the no JN offering this volume public, explanation or apology, we think, is necessary. Nevertheless, the reader's attention is drawn to the fact that, although it has existed in manuscript for a period of nearly two hundred and fifty years, it now sees the light of publication for the first time. The unusual character of the work, its high antiquarian value, and its importance as the earliest known sym- pathetic composition in English literature, were sufficient warrant for its publication. With this view in mind, a Fund was inaugurated, and appeal made to the Muslims resident in England. The generous and speedy response with which this appeal has been met is most gratifying : a pleasing feature being that, through the efforts of Halil Halid Bey (the author of The Crescent versus The Cross\ and the courtesy of the directors of the Turkish newspapers, the Sabah and the Sirat-i-Mustaqim, two separate subscriptions were raised in Constantinople, which proved to be a very handsome and substantial support to the Funds. It may be as well to explain that the work, although appearing under the auspices of the Islamic Society, is not one of its own publications, and that the opinions of the author should therefore not be construed as those advocated or advanced by the Society. The volume provides us with a unique opportunity of acquainting ourselves with the early Western notions of Islam, which, although long since exploded, still PREFACE exercise a influence on the of modern f great writings times. With a similar desire, an Appendix is added, which, it is hoped, may throw further light on the subject. If the appearance of this publication succeeds in impressing upon the minds of Muslims the sore need of activity on their part, to protnote Islamic Study in the English language, we shall consider that our labour is rewarded. It is unnecessary to remind them of the sad reproach under which they stand, in consequence of their non-activity in this direction. Certainly, we ought not to forget that, while we have to learn so many things from the West, we should endeavour to teach her the real aspirations and tenets of Islam in return. People still survive, even in the twentieth century, who most solemnly declare that the Mahometans worship an idol, called Mahomet. I take this opportunity of acknowledging my indebtedness to Halil Halid Bey for the interest shown in the progress of this publication, also to the members of the Committee, particularly Messrs. Muhammed Khairuddin Saggu and Syed Muhammed Arif, and to the other subscribers. My warmest thanks are due to those English friends who have assisted and advised me, but, owing to their natural modesty, have prevailed upon me to omit their names. The list of subscribers will be found at the end of the volume. I hope they will excuse the unforeseen delay in the progress of the publication, and I beg to assure them that all the profits accruing from this work will be devoted to the promotion of Islamic Study. H. M. K. S. January 31, 1911. VI INTRODUCTION I. AUTHORSHIP AND DATE ||F those who have written of this work and its authorship, the earliest known is Mr. Charles Hornby, of the Pipe Office, who transcribed it in 1705, and states that it was supposed to have been written by Dr. Stubbe. A few years later Thomas Magney, Rector of St. Nicholas, Guilford (sic\ in his Remarks upon Nazarenus, 1718, makes the following reference to a work in defence of Muslims. "A physician of some note a few years ago wrote, as it is said, a thorough defence of their sentiment, a manuscript copy of which I have seen, and it is surprising, that among the many un- believing books that have lately been published, this should escape." In all probability Dr. Stubbe is the physician referred to. Mr. Wanley (who died 1727) echoes the same " belief in the Harl. MSS Catalogue. I have heard," " he says, that the author was Doctor Henry Stubs the but it is not in the Physician ; particularly mentioned large account given of him and his works by Mr. Anthony Wood in the second volume of his Athenae Oxoniensis" In the library of the Rev. John Disney, D.D., (1746-1816), sold by Sotheby, in 1817, three copies of this work were included, and one of these was probably the original manuscript of Stubbe. With INTRODUCTION it were also some letters, apparently on the same subject, but neither the book nor the letters can now be traced. Internal evidence throws little fresh light on the question of the authorship or date of th? work. We find in it a reference to Sir Paul Rycaut's Present State ofthe Ottoman Empire, wrongly described (perhaps from memory) as his Relation of the Turkish Government. As this was published in 1668, and Stubbe was drowned in 1676, the latter's work was probably finished sometime between these two dates and if a from the ; quotation Western Barbary of Lancelot Addison is not a later addition, the date of authorship is narrowed down to the period 1671-1676. II. THE HISTORY OF THE MANUSCRIPT The manuscript which forms the text of this publication is not only the best and earliest dated copy known, but also the only one giving the full title. It is beautifully written, in an Italian hand, and contains in all 169 pages, divided into ten chapters. Mr. Charles Hornby copied it with some variations and additions, as he himself tells us on the title-page. On the death of Hornby, in 1739, this book in appeared the catalogue of his library, and is described as follows : " 39 An Account of the Rise and Progress of Mahometanism, with the Life of Mahomet, and a Vindication of him and his Religion from the Calumnies of the Christians, and neatly bound in blue Turkey, supposed to be wrote (sic) by Dr. Stubbs." See "Catalogue of the Collection of the Learned and Curious, Charles Hornby, Esq.," sold by Mr. Cocks on Monday the 3rd December 1739. We next find it in the library of the Rev. John Disney, D.D., of Ingatestone, Essex. Disney, in early life, was a Trinitarian, but later became a Unitarian, and took an active part in the defence and diffusion of the Unitarian movement. He seems to have taken a viii INTRODUCTION special interest in Dr. Stubbe's work, of which, as has been seen, he possessed three copies. This one bears his book-plate, with crest, consisting of a Lion with " the motto Vincit Qui Patitur," with the initials J. D. in the corner. In the auction sale catalogue this copy is described by Sotheby as follows : " (Lot) 1 562 Account of the Rise and Progress of Mahometanism, with the Life of Mahomet, and a Vindication of him and his Religion from the Calumnies of the Christians, supposed to be written by Dr. Stubbs, copied C. H. (Charles Hornby), Ano Dni 1705, with some variations and additions, folio, blue mor., gilt leaves." This was purchased by Sir Alexander Boswell (1775- 1822), the son of James Boswell, the famous Biographer a of Johnson, for eleven shillings, and thus became part of the Auchinleck Library. This library itself was sold and dispersed in 1893, and in Sotheby's Catalogue it is again described on page 13, among the Folios, as : " (Lot) 194 Account of the Rise and Progress of Mahometanism, with the Life of Mahomet, and a Vindication of him and his Religion (supposed to be written by Dr. Stubbs), clearly written manuscript, copied by C. H., A.D. 1705, with some variations and additions, blue morocco extra, g.e., from Sir J. Dalrymple's Library, 1705." Sotheby evidently misinterpreted the initials J. D., which meant John Disney, for J. Dalrymple. The Dairymple Library was sold in 1830, and the book at that period still belonged to the Auchinleck Library. Bertram Dobell, its next owner, bought it for eight shillings, and from this firm it was purchased by the present owner in 1907. III. OTHER MANUSCRIPTS There are several other manuscript copies in exist- ence. Of those mentioned below, Nos. i, 4, and 5 are to be found in the British Museum. i. Fragments of an unknown copy, scattered in Nos. ix INTRODUCTION 1709 and 1786 of the Sloane MSS, and described in the catalogue as : 1709. "The History of the Saracens and of Mahomet, chiefly taken from Pocock and Hottinger." 1786. "Fragment of a treatise respecting the rites qpd ceremonies of Mahometans, and the justice of Mahometan Wars, and that Mahomet did not propagate his religion by the sword." These two fragments, in the same late seventeenth- century hand, are evidently one and the same copy of the work, and this fact would have been apparent to the cataloguer could he have had the manuscripts before him at the same time. This copy is probably five in the earliest known, and contains chapters all, of which the first, and the first half of the third chapter, which corresponds to the first chapter and a portion of the second chapter of the Harl.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Arsenite Schism and the Babai Rebellion: Two Case Studies
    THE ARSENITE SCHISM AND THE BABAI REBELLION: TWO CASE STUDIES IN CENTER-PERIPHERY RELATIONS by Hüsamettin ŞİMŞİR Submitted to the Institute of Social Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Sabancı University June 2018 © Hüsamettin Şimşir 2018 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT THE ARSENITE SCHISM AND THE BABAI REBELLION: TWO CASE STUDIES IN CENTER-PERIPHERY RELATIONS Hüsamettin Şimşir M.A Thesis, June 2018 Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Fac. Member Ferenc Péter Csirkés This thesis aims to present an analysis of the interaction between Christians and Muslims in the west of Asia Minor at the end of the 13th and the beginning of the 14th centuries after two religious-social movements in the Byzantine and the Rum Seljuk Empires, the Arsenite Schism and the Babai Rebellion. After the unsuccessful rebellion of the Babais, antinomian dervishes who had migrated to the west of Asia Minor because of a heavy oppression as well as inquisition by the state and had a different religious belief apart from the mainstream religious understanding of the center initiated missionary activities in the regions along the Byzantine border. Accordingly, these dervishes had joined the military activities of the Turcoman chieftains against the Byzantines and interacted with the local Christian population and religious figures. As a result of this religious interaction, messianic and ascetic beliefs were increasingly present among the Greek-speaking population as well as spiritual leaders of western Anatolia. Since such interfaith and cross- cultural interaction had a considerable impact on the course of all these events, this thesis focuses on them to create a better understanding of the appearance of the Hesychasm in the Byzantine spiritual environment in the later period.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses Methodios I patriarch of Constantinople: churchman, politician and confessor for the faith Bithos, George P. How to cite: Bithos, George P. (2001) Methodios I patriarch of Constantinople: churchman, politician and confessor for the faith, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4239/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 METHODIOS I PATRIARCH OF CONSTANTINOPLE Churchman, Politician and Confessor for the Faith Submitted by George P. Bithos BS DDS University of Durham Department of Theology A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Orthodox Theology and Byzantine History 2001 The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published in any form, including' Electronic and the Internet, without the author's prior written consent All information derived from this thesis must be acknowledged appropriately.
    [Show full text]
  • Περίληψη : Χρονολόγηση Γεωγραφικός Εντοπισμός Patriarchate Of
    IΔΡΥΜA ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ Συγγραφή : Dale de Lee Benjamin (5/5/2008) Για παραπομπή : Dale de Lee Benjamin , "Patriarchate of Constantinople in the Byzantine period", 2008, Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Κωνσταντινούπολη URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=10863> Patriarchate of Constantinople in the Byzantine period Περίληψη : The patriarchate of Constantinople developed closely along with the city itself; thus, the bishop of New Rome gradually developed to the ecumenical patriarch. Ideally, the patriarch worked with the emperor under the principle of symphonia, close and peaceful cooperation. Although individual patriarchs sometimes found themselves completely pushed over by forceful emperors or struggling in confrontation with imperial will, for most of its history the patriarchate cooperated closely with the imperial government and played a major role in the imperial administration both within the empire and with relations with external churches, powers, and peoples. Χρονολόγηση 381-1453 Γεωγραφικός εντοπισμός Constantinople 1. Introduction The patriarchate of Constantinople developed closely with the city itself; thus, the bishop of New Rome gradually developed to the ecumenical patriarch. Throughout its history, the patriarch worked closely with the imperial administration, ideally under the principle of symphonia, close and peaceful cooperation. However, individual patriarchs sometimes found themselves completely pushed over by forceful emperors or struggling in confrontation with imperial will. Although the emperor was supposed to respect the church ’s own choice of patriarchate, more often than not emperors ensured that their own candidate became patriarch. Still, for most of its history the patriarchate cooperated closely with the imperial government and played a major role in the imperial administration both within the empire and with relations with external churches, powers, and peoples.
    [Show full text]
  • Byzantine Critiques of Monasticism in the Twelfth Century
    A “Truly Unmonastic Way of Life”: Byzantine Critiques of Monasticism in the Twelfth Century DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Hannah Elizabeth Ewing Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Professor Timothy Gregory, Advisor Professor Anthony Kaldellis Professor Alison I. Beach Copyright by Hannah Elizabeth Ewing 2014 Abstract This dissertation examines twelfth-century Byzantine writings on monasticism and holy men to illuminate monastic critiques during this period. Drawing upon close readings of texts from a range of twelfth-century voices, it processes both highly biased literary evidence and the limited documentary evidence from the period. In contextualizing the complaints about monks and reforms suggested for monasticism, as found in the writings of the intellectual and administrative elites of the empire, both secular and ecclesiastical, this study shows how monasticism did not fit so well in the world of twelfth-century Byzantium as it did with that of the preceding centuries. This was largely on account of developments in the role and operation of the church and the rise of alternative cultural models that were more critical of traditional ascetic sanctity. This project demonstrates the extent to which twelfth-century Byzantine society and culture had changed since the monastic heyday of the tenth century and contributes toward a deeper understanding of Byzantine monasticism in an under-researched period of the institution. ii Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my family, and most especially to my parents. iii Acknowledgments This dissertation is indebted to the assistance, advice, and support given by Anthony Kaldellis, Tim Gregory, and Alison Beach.
    [Show full text]
  • The Great Schism of 1054 Ryan Howard Harding University, [email protected]
    Tenor of Our Times Volume 1 Article 10 Spring 2012 Unstoppable Force and Immovable Object: The Great Schism of 1054 Ryan Howard Harding University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.harding.edu/tenor Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Howard, Ryan (Spring 2012) "Unstoppable Force and Immovable Object: The Great Schism of 1054," Tenor of Our Times: Vol. 1, Article 10. Available at: https://scholarworks.harding.edu/tenor/vol1/iss1/10 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts & Humanities at Scholar Works at Harding. It has been accepted for inclusion in Tenor of Our Times by an authorized editor of Scholar Works at Harding. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNSTOPPABLE FORCE AND IMMOVABLE OBJECT: THE GREAT SCHISM OF 1054 by Ryan Howard The year was AD 4 76. Barbarian hordes had ransacked the countryside and cities of the Roman Empire for a century, and Goths had lived alongside Romans in their empire for more than a century before that. On September 4th, the barbarian chieftain Odoacer deposed the last emperor in the western part of the empire, Romulus Augustulus. The Roman rule of the western half of the empire had come to an end. For years, historians declared 4 76 a s the year in which the Roman Empire fell. In recent decades, however, historians have recognized that 4 76 and its events were largely symbolic and symptomatic of a decline in the western half of the empire that was happening long before Odoacer seized power.
    [Show full text]
  • THE FLYING HODEGETRIA the MIRACULOUS ICON AS BEARER of SACRED SPACE by Alexei Lidov
    Originalveröffentlichung in: Thunø, Erik ; Wolf, Gerhard (Hrsgg.): The miraculous image in the Late Middle Ages and Renaissance. Papers from a conference held at the Accademia di Danimarca in collaboration with the Bibliotheca Hertziana (Max-Planck-Institut für Kunstgeschichte), Rome, 31 May - 2 June 2003, Rome 2004, S. 273-304 (Analecta Romana Instituti Danici : Supplementum ; 35) THE FLYING HODEGETRIA THE MIRACULOUS ICON AS BEARER OF SACRED SPACE by Alexei Lidov Even now, in contemporary Orthodox churches, one may notice a significant phenomenon at the special services in front of the miraculous icons. An icon defines the structure of a particular sacred space. Modern icons as well as their Byzantine prototypes are inseparable from the spatial context estab­ lished around the image. It seems important to make a clear statement that the miracle happens not inside a venerated panel but in front of the image. The icon is working as mediator, or channel of the divine energy. And the en­ tire miracle­working process might be described as the radiation of the holy power concentrated in a selected icon and emanating through it into a par­ ticular sacred environment, which has been shaped by different means. The various arts and activities ­ whether architectural setting, iconic decoration, pictorial devices, chanting, dramaturgy of lighting, burning of incense, and numerous liturgical rituals ­ should be considered as individual elements subordinated to the creation of a sacred space. All together, including the miraculous image itself, form a unique spatial milieu. It is noteworthy that this particular sacred space is relevant not merely to the church environment but also to any urban or natural milieu which could be temporarily made sacred through religious processions, special performances and liturgical rites.
    [Show full text]
  • Byzantine Names for SCA Personae
    1 A Short (and rough) Guide to Byzantine Names for SCA personae This is a listing of names that may be useful for constructing Byzantine persona. Having said that, please note that the term „Byzantine‟ is one that was not used in the time of the Empire. They referred to themselves as Romans. Please also note that this is compiled by a non-historian and non-linguist. When errors are detected, please let me know so that I can correct them. Additional material is always welcomed. It is a work in progress and will be added to as I have time to research more books. This is the second major revision and the number of errors picked up is legion. If you have an earlier copy throw it away now. Some names of barbarians who became citizens are included. Names from „client states‟ such as Serbia and Bosnia, as well as adversaries, can be found in my other article called Names for other Eastern Cultures. In itself it is not sufficient documentation for heraldic submission, but it will give you ideas and tell you where to start looking. The use of (?) means that either I have nothing that gives me an idea, or that I am not sure of what I have. If there are alternatives given of „c‟, „x‟ and „k‟ modern scholarship prefers the „k‟. „K‟ is closer to the original in both spelling and pronunciation. Baron, OP, Strategos tous notious okeanous, known to the Latins as Hrolf Current update 12/08/2011 Family Names ............................................................. 2 Male First Names .......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Rome and Constantinople, Popes and Patriarchs, 1204-1453
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Empires Reshaped and Reimagined: Rome and Constantinople, Popes and Patriarchs, 1204-1453 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Natalie Sherwan 2016 © Copyright by Natalie Sherwan 2016 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Empires Reshaped and Reimagined: Rome and Constantinople, Popes and Patriarchs, 1204-1453 by Natalie Sherwan Doctor of Philosophy, History University of California, Los Angeles, 2016 Professor Patrick Geary, Co-chair Professor Claudia Rapp, Co-chair This dissertation discusses the politics of conquest and the strategies of legitimization pursued by Latin, Greek and Slav contenders for hegemonic rule in the northeastern Mediterranean after the collapse of the Byzantine Empire in the wake of the fourth crusade. It reevaluates the relationship between the concepts of empire and Christendom as played out in the process of political realignment, and closely examines the ways in which the key actors claiming to represent these concepts - emperors, popes, patriarchs - fought or cooperated with one another in order to assert regional preeminence. ii The first part of the dissertation focuses on the tension between the Roman/Byzantine ideal of universalism, which entailed a sole holder of imperial power, and the concrete reality of several empires coexisting within the same geographical area. Chapters one and two provide a survey of the main theoretical issues encountered in the study of medieval empires, and an assessment of the relationship between Byzantine basileis, patriarchs, popes and Western emperors prior to 1204. Chapters three and four investigate the competing but interconnected ruling systems which emerged in the Balkans, the Aegean and Asia Minor after 1204, tracing their policies of war and appeasement until the recovery of Constantinople by the Nicene Greeks in 1261.
    [Show full text]
  • The Transmission of Knowledge
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04181-3 — The Cambridge Intellectual History of Byzantium Edited by Anthony Kaldellis , Niketas Siniossoglou Excerpt More Information PART I THE TRANSMISSION OF KNOWLEDGE © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04181-3 — The Cambridge Intellectual History of Byzantium Edited by Anthony Kaldellis , Niketas Siniossoglou Excerpt More Information CHAPTER 1 INSTITUTIONAL SETTINGS: THE COURT, SCHOOLS, CHURCH, AND MONASTERIES jonathan harris Intellectual debate and the transmission of knowledge did not take place in sequestered academic institutions in Byzantium. Scholars were usually politicians, clergymen, or monks and often they were active participants in the major events of their day. Their intellectual activities were therefore usually undertaken in the context of the imperial court or the Church and often, although not always, reflected contemporary concerns. As regards the court, Byzantium was distinguished from western Europe during the earlier Middle Ages by maintaining a secular administrative elite. In the west, where education had become the preserve of the Church and the royal household provided a rudimentary center of administration, officials tended to be clergymen before the late twelfth century. It was very different in the Great Palace in Constantinople, a complex of buildings next to the Hippodrome and facing the cathedral of Hagia Sophia in the heart of the city, and in the palace of Blachernai, close to the Land Walls. Here the corridors were thronged by secular officials and secretaries, some of them eunuchs. A considerable proportion of them bore purely honorary titles but there was a large body of officials whose tasks were to advise the emperor, draft his correspondence, create consensus around his policies, and fulfill whatever other functions that their ruler chose to entrust to them.
    [Show full text]
  • Digitised Greek Manuscripts in the British Library
    Digitised Greek manuscripts in the British Library This is the latest list of digitised Greek manuscripts available online at the British Library’s Digitised Manuscripts website ordered according to shelfmarks. Clicking on the shelfmarks, you will be directed to the online version of the manuscript in the Library’s online viewer. 1. Add Ch 76659: Confirmations by the Patriarch of Constantinople of the stavropegiacal rights of the Monastery of Theotokos Chrysopodariotissa near Kalanos, in the province of Patras in the Peloponnese 2. Add Ch 76660: Confirmations by the Patriarch of Constantinople of the stavropegiacal rights of the Monastery of Theotokos Chrysopodariotissa near Kalanos, in the province of Patras in the Peloponnese 3. Add MS 4382: Aristotle with Byzantine scholia 4. Add MS 4421: Catalogue of Greek books at Westminster 5. Add MS 4458: Short section of George Etherege, The Man of Mode: or, Sir Fopling Flutter. A Comedy, Acted at the Duke’s Theatre, translated into classical Greek by Ioannes Ionas 6. Add MS 4824: Geographical and antiquarian notes relating to Greece and Asia Minor, compiled by Arthur Pullinger, an English merchant in Aleppo 7. Add MS 4949: Four Gospels 8. Add MS 4950: Four Gospels 9. Add MS 4951: Four Gospels 10. Add MS 4952: Plays by Euripides 11. Add MS 5107: Four Gospels 12. Add MS 5108: Hippiatrica or Horse Medicine 13. Add MS 5110: Works of Xenophon, Polybius, Maximus Planudes, Plutarch, Proclus Diadochus, Lucian and others 14. Add MS 5111: Four Gospels 15. Add MS 5112: Four Gospels 16. Add MS 5113: Theophrastus, Works 17. Add MS 5115: New Testament: Acts of the Apostles; Catholic Epistles; Epistles of Paul 18.
    [Show full text]
  • The Protestant Reformation and the Christian East
    Fr. Panayiotis Papageorgiou, Ph.D. The Protestant Reformation and the Orthodox Christian East On the Occasion of the 500-Year Anniversary of the Reformation A Historical Survey and Study of the Communications between the Reformers and the Patriarchs Joasaph II and Jeremias II by Fr. Panayiotis Papageorgiou, Ph.D. Presented in Wittenberg, Germany, on May 8, 2017 I would like to begin my presentation today by pointing out that from the perspective of the Orthodox of that time as well as the modern Orthodox world, the Protestant Reformation is a purely Western Christian issue. Even today, most Orthodox still do not know much about it, both as to why it happened as well as the intricacies of the issues and the theological diversity which subsequently arose out of the movement. But, in spite of that, I would also proceed to say that the first Protesters1 against the ecclesiological and theological changes of Rome and the claims of supremacy by the medieval Papacy were the Eastern Christians (the Orthodox), who objected and protested against papal overreaching, ecclesiological meddling and the liturgical and theological innovations, which began officially in the Western Church with Charlemagne in the year 800 AD. As Charlemagne was struggling to establish his "Holy Roman Empire" (after a period of nearly four hundred years of political turmoil, chaos and 1 Cf. Steven Ranciman, The Great Church in Captivity, Cambridge university Press, 1985, p. 238. Runciman, the most prominent Byzantine historian of modern times writes that indeed the Eastern Church had made a protest against Roman autocracy from the earliest times.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Byzantium
    A History of Byzantium AHOA01 1 24/11/04, 5:49 PM Blackwell History of the Ancient World This series provides a new narrative history of the ancient world, from the beginnings of civilization in the ancient Near East and Egypt to the fall of Constantinople. Written by experts in their fields, the books in the series offer authoritative accessible surveys for students and general readers alike. Published A History of Byzantium Timothy E. Gregory A History of the Ancient Near East Marc Van De Mieroop In Preparation A History of Ancient Egypt David O’Connor A History of the Persian Empire Christopher Tuplin A History of the Archaic Greek World Jonathan Hall A History of the Classical Greek World P. J. Rhodes A History of the Hellenistic World Malcolm Errington A History of the Roman Republic John Rich A History of the Roman Empire Michael Peachin A History of the Later Roman Empire, AD 284–622 Stephen Mitchell AHOA01 2 24/11/04, 5:49 PM A History of Byzantium Timothy E. Gregory AHOA01 3 24/11/04, 5:49 PM © 2005 by Timothy E. Gregory BLACKWELL PUBLISHING 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of Timothy E. Gregory to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.
    [Show full text]