AFRICA’S BEST READ

November 22 to 28 2019 Vol 35 No 47 @mailandguardian mg.co.za

Burna Boy Sex crimes rampant in SANDF vs AKA: African O Female soldiers forced to work with abusers unity up in OMinister lashes generals, starts own inquiry 4 & 5 flames 20 & 21

Slave labour at ‘Beautiful City’ Dozens of under-age Cyril plans workers locked inside Jo’burg factory Page 23 reshuffle

Photo: Paul Botes to assert Cults and lies in the church of refugees Page 6 control Developing threats: Sisulu in firing line as new alliances take shape Page 3 Photo: David Harrison 2 Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 IN BRIEF

Capture of State Capturers Oluwaseun ppm Former State Security NUMBERS OF THE WEEK 412.08412 08 The number of women that feature on the Time 100 Ayodeji As of September 16 this is the level of carbon Minister Bongani Osowobi dioxide in the atmosphere. A safe number Bongo appeared Next 2019 list of influential young people. The maga- is 350 while 450 is catastrophic briefly in the Cape zine’s list includes Oluwaseun Ayodeji Osowobi (28) from Nigeria, Town Magistrate’s Data source: NASA who was given a shout-out on Twitter by former president court on Thursday Barack Obama, who said he was proud of her and her work in where he is facing 13 organising young people in Nigeria charges of corruption. States drop the Bongo’s arrest is related to his alleged to help end sexual violence attempt to bribe state advocate Ntuthuzelo catch on climate Vanara, who at the time was involved in Parliament’s investigation into state capture. It was 233°C in Bloemfontein this week. Bongo is said to have approached Vanara, the That’s a lot as a young freckled person, evidence leader for the commission, with a I marvelled at people in private schools blank cheque off er to feign illness in order to 1.5bn The number of times The number of getting off sports when it nudged past derail proceedings. chief executives 30°C. In Limpopo, the toss before a Bongo was released on R5 000 bail with the the short-form video cricket match was about trying to make defence having indicated that they wish to app TikTok has been Eskom has had in 10 sure you didn’t stand out in the fi eld in make presentations to the prosecution as to downloaded since its years. In January, Nam- 53 the 40-something°C midday sun. If you why the MP should not face charges. launch in 2016. The app pak's André de Ruyter lost, fi elding became pointless thanks is big in India, which will take over the reins $500-million to the slathering of sunscreen on one’s There’s a body of evidence accounts for of the power utility in The amount Airbnb is giving as hands. Insurance behemoth Old Mutual seems to Bloemfontein tends to be colder than have developed a knack for sticking its foot 31% of the the midst of severe sponsorship for the next five the north of the country. It’s also the capi- in it. Not content to be embroiled in a multi- downloads challenges, including Olympics. As a tie-in to the deal, the tal of a province that makes a lot of our million rand stand-off with their intermittent a debt of ± R450-billion company will let athletes sell their food. While the province was destroyed CEO that’s already taken gazillions off their personal experiences of the event in a long-term looting project supervised share price, the insurer this week decided not via its platform by the man who now helps to “run” the to pay out a bereaved Kwazulu-Natal family country, it is our third capital, home timeously. This caused the family to visit the The number of people who have died so far this month to the Supreme Court of Appeal and a local branch with said deceased family mem- in fires that have burned across thousands of hectares rugby team so bad that it plays against ber in tow. The entire incident was uploaded in Australia, destroying hundreds of homes European clubs. on to social media, shaming the insurer and Not that it actually was 233°C in leading to further mutterings of improving Bloemfontein. That was a glitch, repeated processes and what-nots. by a TV station in its weather bulletin. Still, the world is getting hotter. And the ‘Just Jose’ is back Free State, like the Highveld, is heating at In just 11 hours, double the world average. In my lifetime, Tottenham Hotspur that city between hills could be 6°C hotter — a mid-sized than it is now. Or more (the projections English football tend to be conservative). team notable for its 6 Graphic: JOHN McCANN Compiled by: ATHANDIWE SABA That means 40°C summers, shifting lofty ambitions and rainfall patterns and failed crops. The bare trophy cabinet went to the High Court, cause of this is our unsustainable way of — went from fi ring its then the Supreme Court living. much-loved manager to of Appeal and eventually TWEET OF THE WEEK In Parliament this week, the energy and hiring a man who has managed to get him- the Constitutional Court. minerals department tried to convince its self fi red for destroying his previous clubs. They have lost each time. parliamentary portfolio committee that a José Mourinho, the self-titled “special one”, Once again, the courts proposed $10-billion refi nery in Richards was big in the naughties. He has won more have had to step in to pro- Bay will produce “clean fuel” and bring no trophies than the team he now manages, tect our water resources environmental liabilities. notably with FC Porto, Inter Milan, Real from a government hell- The world is heating, but we’re betting Madrid, Manchester United and Chelsea. But bent on allowing mining on burning the fuels that heat the planet. in the tweens he came unstuck, fi ghting with companies to do whatever Our new, long-delayed, energy plan calls his players and ensuring that the only way they want. It would be for more coal-fi red power plants. out was to get fi red (with a nice settlement nice if the ministers did On the same day as the “clean fuel” each time). Tottenham fans — which the this in the fi rst place. fi b, the United Nations released a report Mail&Guardian has in majority — will hope looking at how countries are saying one the 2020s bring the special one back to life. Erections and thing — we need to dramatically reduce We’ll know how Mou was received by players depression carbon emissions to ensure that the world when the fl y-on-the-wall documentary about We don’t do anything by remains livable for most people — and this season comes out. half measure in South doing another — building more fossil fuel Africa (except the small industries. Great Gupta fi resale under way issue of delivering on “Governments are planning to produce While the South African authorities are still basic services). So, with 120% more fossil fuels by 2030 than trying to lay a glove on those pesky Guptas things being a bit hectic, would be consistent with limiting warm- there has been some movement with respect it’s important that we ing to 1.5°C,” the UN report said. to their properties. A Gupta-linked prop- note new research that That number is what South Africa says erty was sold this week for R2.6m. As the shows it’s cheaper to get is crucial for this country to function. Mail & Guardian reported, the house was an erection here, and buy Cricket is sure going to be diffi cult. previously inhabited by anxiety medicine, than Like the rest of life. — Sipho Kings ANC secretary-general it is in most of the world. Ace Magashule’s son, Medbelle, a “medical pro- Tshepiso, who valiantly vider” that also dabbles in resisted eviction until the research, found that Viagra sheriff came knocking. Other is 76% cheaper in South properties are also due to fall Africa than in the rest of Published by M&G Media Ltd, SUBSCRIPTIONS under the hammer, including the the world. Xanax is 11% Eighth Floor, Metal Box, Inquiries: 011 447 0696 or infamous Gupta compound that cheaper. It might be helpful 25 Owl Street, Braamfontein SMS “subs” to 34917 Werf, Johannesburg, South Complaints: 0860 070 700 played host to a coterie of ministers if we tackled the causes of Africa. and higher ups. depression, anxiety and PO Box 91667, Auckland Park, DISTRIBUTION stress — but we’re still 2006. TO SHOPS Website: www.mg.co.za M&G Media Ltd is now Another victory for life on Earth trying to keep the responsible for its own In 2016, the ministers of mineral resources electricity on so, for now, let’s appreci- green dagga plants were there, as were piles of CONTACT US newspaper distribution. and environment decided that it ate that the salve is cheap. weapons. These included the standard South Johannesburg: 011 250 7300 If you can’t find your was okay for a new coal mine to be African mix of pistols, revolvers and AK-47s Advertising fax: 011 250 7503 favourite read in the Cape Town: 021 426 0802 shops, please phone built inside the Mabola Protected Drugs and weapons and a mortar launcher … and crossbows. The Cape Town fax: 021 425 9056 011 447 0696 Environment. This is despite it – Pretoria-style owner of the property said they had the weap- Letters to the editor: being a) a protected environment In a raid targeted at a suspected ons because they deal in, and collect, weapons. [email protected] Printed by Caxton Printers that falls under the Protected Areas Act dagga laboratory in Gauteng’s Never a dull day in this country. (Pty) Ltd, 14 Wright Street, Industria West, 2093 and b) the source of several crucial rivers in strange, hot and hilly north- Gauteng. 010 492 3394 Mpumalanga. ern city, police found a Black Friday That province has already been torn apart bit more than they were A timely reminder that — even though the The Mail & Guardian subscribes by mining, with up to two-thirds of its area expecting. The leafy world will go completely crazy next Friday, to the South African Press Code, under some kind of mining claim, but the with people tearing each other apart to get the which prescribes news that is ministers didn’t think one more mine was Joint operation: best special — the Mail & Guardian will be truthful, accurate, fair and balanced. a problem. So civil society groups went to Police found guns out next week. In planning how to survive the If we don’t live up to the code, court, and won. The would-be mining com- chaos, maybe the calm of a newspaper and a please contact the Press Ombudsman at 011 484 3612/8. and ganja in the pany, Atha-Africa Ventures, appealed and capizol of Pretoria hot drink would be the sane way forward. Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 3 News Cabinet reshuffle on the cards

Three ministers could share similar frustrations at not being allowed to exercise their powers. change places, moving “Remember DD feels like he is not Lindiwe Sisulu from given enough power to deploy even though his position is that of chair her powerful post of the deployment committee and leader of government business. Paul NEWS ANALYSIS feels that some of his ability to raise Sabelo Skiti & Paddy Harper funds for the ANC is being impacted by CR’s own campaigners who raise resident Cyril Ramapho- money for his foundation instead of sa’s “New Dawn” has fal- the ANC,” he added. tered, with internal divi- The M&G reached out to Psions in the ANC and the Mashatile’s office for comment, but ruling alliance stopping none was forthcoming at the time of tough decisions being made on issues publication. such as the future of Eskom. Now, less Talks are understood to include than six months into his first admin- the OR Tambo region in the istration, Ramaphosa is said to be Eastern Cape, where contestation thinking about reshuffling his Cabi- between Premier Oscar Mabuyane net to solidify his power in the ANC. and provincial treasurer Lubabalo Ramaphosa, who emerged vic- Madikizela has divided that prov- torious by a thin margin at the ince. The campaign is also said to be ANC’s elective congress in Nasrec active in the Amathole and Nelson in December 2017 and began his Mandela Bay regions. current term after the May general New deck: Insiders say Cyril Ramaphosa would face alienation from certain structures if he moves ANC ‘blue Disgruntled former ministers, who elections, has faced resistance from blood’ Lindiwe Sisulu from her present ministry. Photo: Felix Dlangamandla/Gallo Images/Foto24 were left out of Ramaphosa’s cabinet the losing faction since Nasrec. As a could also be called upon for support, result, compromises had to be made the attention of Ramaphosa, at a Three independent and well- of the three ministers being moved. said a senior Luthuli House official: in the appointments of ministers and time when there is also a realign- placed ANC sources insist the reshuf- Ramaphosa has come under “Ask yourself why the people who the party’s top leadership. ment of allegiances in the the ANC’s fle would be disguised as the filling increasing pressure in the ANC were removed as ministers are fine A reshuffle would ensure he has top six. of vacant deputy minister positions. from remnants of the Jacob Zuma with just being at Luthuli House; more control over the ANC. The Mail & Guardian reported Ramaphosa’s spokesperson, presidency, and from within his what are they doing there? They are One of the main targets of this last week that Sisulu was accused Khusela Diko, said the presidency own camp as some of his support- seen as State Capture people and so would be Lindiwe Sisulu, the minis- of appointing team members of her is not in a position to comment on ers and campaigners who missed out the aunty [Sisulu]comes as the right ter of human settlements, water and failed campaign for the ANC presi- reshuffle rumours. “When the presi- on deployment to the state are frus- person who holds high morals and sanitation. dency to the boards of entities within dent has decided to fill the vacant trated at being left out. comes from the right family.” It emerged last week that she still her department. position of the deputy minister of This has led to ongoing jostling “They are leading a tangent towards harbours ambitions of the highest Earlier this month, she appointed mineral resources and energy, he across regional and national branches the NGC [National General Council] office at the ANC’s Luthuli House former social development minister will communicate his intentions and of the ANC, with the different factions against the old man [Ramaphosa]. headquarters. It is understood that and ANC Women’s League presi- decision to the public.” trying to gain an advantage. You can’t blame the old man for Sisulu believes she has a deeper dent Bathabile Dlamini as chair The M&G understands that, in the wanting to have changes in the understanding of the ANC than the of the Social Housing Regulatory everal senior officials in the background, Zuma forces in North Cabinet and consolidate his power. president, because she is an ANC “blue Authority. The authority has a affected departments, who West— led by former premier Supra All those who were ministers are blood” — being the daughter of ANC R1-billion budget. Sasked not to be named as they Mahumapelo — as well as in the Free fighting back and want to use the SG stalwarts and struggle heroes Walter The league opposed Sisulu’s bid are not authorised to speak to State and KwaZulu-Natal — have [Ace Magashule] to back them.” and Albertina Sisulu, as well as a for- for the ANC presidency in 2017, but the media, also confirmed that they been in discussions with forces in News of the impending reshuffle mer Umkhonto weSizwe commander. in May this year Dlamini publicly were aware of the reshuffle rumours. Mpumalanga that are close to deputy has left Sisulu’s team in a panic, and A source in her camp said a key affirmed Sisulu’s membership of “We have been hearing the same president David Mabuza about reviv- plans are being hatched to use the problem was that Sisulu “got pun- the league, a sign of a realignment thing for a while now,” said one. ing the so-called “premier league”. ANC national working committee to ished for implementing an ANC reso- between Sisulu and the league. “There has been nothing official from That league — made up of the lead- try and frustrate Ramaphosa’s plans. lution on Israel [when South Africa The M&G has talked to people in the presidency yet, but we are expect- ers of the Free State, Mpumalanga A source within her camp said the downgraded its embassy there to a different factions across the coun- ing to hear something any day.” and North West — was key to the strategy to be used would include visa office] and got no defence from try, who say that the rough plan is A second official said he had also support of Zuma during his presi- pressure from the Women’s League . the same people who gave us an for Sisulu to be moved to the public been briefed on the three-way move- dency. It was broken up at Nasrec, The source warned that the presi- instruction to act”. This, they said, service and administration ministry. ment of ministers. “What we are when Mabuza threw his support dent “will find himself alienated from could have cost her the job as the The current minister there, Senzo told is that Mchunu will go to state behind Ramaphosa. structures because Lindiwe is ANC international relations and co-oper- Mchunu, would replace the state security and Sisulu to public service A well-placed source in Mabuza’s ‘blue blood’ and it has not even been ation minister. And this came after security minister, Ayanda Dlodlo, and administration. Dlodlo will then camp said the deputy president has a year since he appointed her and told Ramaphosa had “benefited from us who would then become the minis- take up human settlements. What we developed a very close relationship her to use that portfolio to campaign being his running mates” at Nasrec, ter of human settlements, water and don’t know is when.” with ANC treasurer general Paul for local government elections”. the source said. sanitation. Rumours of the changes have also Mashatile. Sisulu’s spokesperson Makhosini Sisulu’s overtures to ANC struc- That department comes with a been heard in KwaZulu-Natal, with “It became easy for DD [Mabuza] Mgitywa has dismissed allegations tures, including key leaders of the great deal of power, thanks to its con- key individuals in Mchunu’s camp to listen to what they [Mashatile’s that she was using appointments as losing faction, seem to have caught trol over issues critical to voters. confirming that they have heard talks camp] had to say because they all retainers or to leverage support.

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Terms and conditions apply | Nedbank Ltd Reg No 1951/000009/06. Authorised financial services and registered credit provider (NCRCP16). 4 Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 News SANDF sexual abuse

Internal documents show that soldiers, meant to The investigation The evidence of serious sexual abuse protect South Africa and keep the peace outside in the armed forces emerges against our borders, are sexually assaulting people inside the backdrop of Minister of Defence and Military Veterans Nosiviwe the army and while on peacekeeping operations Mapisa-Nqakula telling army gener- als earlier this month that she had Athandiwe Saba & Sexual assault against women decided to institute an investigation Thanduxolo Jika in the armed forces is so rampant into claims of sexual exploitation and that in August last year the SANDF abuse (SEA) in the military. hocking statistics have held a conference at Air Force Base In a strongly worded letter, Qualified: Bathabile Dlamini oversaw the social grants payment fiasco. revealed the depth of Swartkop to deal with the reports of Mapisa-Nqakula threatened that this Now she’s in charge of the social housing authority. Photo: Oupa Nkosi institutional gender- sexual assaults in barracks and else- could end in a commission chaired Sbased violence in the army where. The report that emerged from by people outside the armed forces and that, far from soldiers the conference painted a bleak pic- — where matters are normally dealt keeping the country and continent ture of how women were being sexu- with internally. Sisulu to face Parliament safe, women in the South African ally victimised by their colleagues Her letter warned that: “I have National Defence Force (SANDF) and commanders. In some cases, become aware of the rampant cases are the most likely to be sexually they would still have to work with of SEA incidents internally in deploy- on Bathabile’s new job harassed and assaulted by their uni- their abusers. ment areas, as well as in the working formed male colleagues. The report said: “Women are gen- environment. These are kept under The Mail & Guardian has estab- erally at a much higher risk of being wraps by the commanders. I want lished that there are at least 41 sexually harassed than men, with to inform you further that I have Paddy Harper responded, she would lay a formal sexual-related cases that have been the vast majority of cases being received numerous reports of SEA complaint with the public protector reported in just the past 18 months. perpetrated by a male colleague or and sexual harassment within our Parliamentarians have placed and the Public Service Commission According to a recent SANDF inter- commander.” units. I have been mulling over these Minisister Lindiwe Sisulu’s appoint- about a lack of “legislative and pro- nal report, leaked to the M&G, at It went on to note that sexual abuse and I have now decided to institute ment of Bathabile Dlamini as interim cedural compliance in making this least 41 members of the army were does not happen only when soldiers an investigation, short of a commis- board chairperson of the Social appointment”. She said the DA charged with sexual-related off ences, are sent overseas, suggesting that: sion, by external role players into this Housing Regulatory Authority under would also consider challenging the ranging from rape and assault to har- “Internal deployments should be scourge.” the microscope. legality of the appointment on the assment and crimen injuria. Of those dealt with in the same manner and She added that: “This approach is The minister of human settle- basis that it was not reasonable or cases, 26 have been fi nalised, with 13 [with the same] urgency as external because I do not have the confi dence ments, water and sanitation, who put rational. guilty verdicts and 11 acquittals. deployments.” that as the military and especially Dlamini in the job on November 5, Thami ka Plaatjie, Sisulu’s adviser yourselves, generals and flag offic- has 10 days to respond to parlia- and the chairperson of her new ers, will provide me with satisfactory mentary questions on her decision national rapid response task team, reports, given that you have been (as well as appointments to other this week demanded that the Mail aware of these and turned a blind entities under her control) from & Guardian retract last week’s story, eye.” Democratic Alliance human settle- saying that the structure was an She said the inspector general, ments spokesperson Emma Powell. “eff ective early warning mechanism” defence intelligence (counter intelli- She has asked Sisulu to provide for the housing and water and sani- gence) and the military police should details of the selection criteria used tation departments and the ministry. have done more, and that the com- to appoint Dlamini, who sat on the He said the task team would co- plaints should have been brought to selection committee, who the other operate with an investigation by the the attention of SANDF chief General nominees were and a copy of the public protector. It had consulted Solly Shoke and herself. report they had submitted to Sisulu Sisulu and the ministry’s legal team When an investigation is estab- and on which she had based the and would ask the courts to redress lished, the minister wrote that: “I appointment. the “violation of our rights as indi- would therefore expect that they Powell also asked that Sisulu viduals and the deliberate aspersions will receive full co-operation from provide Parliament with the spe- cast on the person of Minister Sisulu”. yourselves.” cific competencies Dlamini holds Ka Plaatjie said the task team’s role that qualifi ed her as a specialist in was to “forge mutually beneficial Cape Town tops the list social housing, one of the legisla- relationships between communities Despite the M&G being unable to tive requirements of being a board and government so as together the gain full access to the exact details member. lives of especially ordinary people are ‘A man has needs’: Slides from a May 2019 SANDF report to the UN into of off ences, it was able to establish Dlamini’s appointment is among changed”. Team members were sent sexual exploitation and abuse by South African peacekeepers in the DRC that in one case in Cape Town, a a series made by Sisulu at the hous- to the nine provinces, where they senior offi cer charged with a sexual- ing entity this month. It follows her acted as troubleshooters. related off ence was fi ned R6 000 and appointment of a national rapid He added that since the task team demoted — but was not dismissed. response task team with a R13.9- was established in September, it In another case in Cape Town, a million salary bill to act as a trouble- has intervened in three munici- captain was found guilty and fi ned shooting unit for her ministry. palities with water shortages — R5 000 and demoted to a lower rank Last week, the Mail & Guardian Mogalakwena in Limpopo, Makana of lieutenant. reported that a whistleblower had in the Eastern Cape and Maluti-a- A brigadier general at Thaba laid complaints about the appoint- Phofung in the Free State. It has Tshwane military base in Pretoria ments with the public protector and also provided destitute families in was charged with sexual-related the Public Service Commission. The Durban and Pietermaritzburg with offences; his trial was scheduled complainant claimed that Sisulu had decent shelter. to take place this week. Many of made the appointments in a bid to In a radio interview, Sisulu’s the cases that the M&G analysed bankroll her campaign for the ANC spokesperson, Makhosini Mgitywa, fall under section 5 of the Sexual presidency in 2022. defended Dlamini’s appointment, Off ences Act. Last week Sisulu also appointed saying her experience in social The Act says that a person who a new interim board for the trou- development would be valuable in unlawfully and intentionally sexu- bled Housing Development Agency, addressing social housing issues. ally violates a complainant without which had been placed under “Social housing has to be regulated their consent is guilty of the off ence administration by her predeces- so that it is not cheated, so that it of sexual assault. It further says that sor, Nomaindia Mfeketo, over an does not lose money unnecessar- a person who unlawfully and inten- alleged collapse of corporate gov- ily. We think that she is a person tionally inspires the belief in a com- ernance and a sexual misconduct who can help us with solving the plainant that they will be sexually scandal. Mvelaphanda Holdings social housing issues in the coun- violated is guilty of the offence of co-founder Mikki Xayiya, Municipal try, given her background in social sexual assault. Demarcation Board member development.” The largest number of culprits, Monnapula Motlogelwa, ANC 2019 Mgitywa said that as the Social according to the leaked report, were Western Cape elections candidate Housing Regulatory Authority based in Cape Town, where 17 cases Zoleka Moon and former Limpopo board chairperson, Dlamini would were reported in the 2018-19 and human settlements director general be responsible for policy issues. “She 2019-20 fi nancial years. Thirteen of Zesuliwe Mkhize were appointed to remains a member of the national those were finalised: seven officers the interim board. The acting chief executive committee of the ANC. were found guilty and six acquitted. executive, Clive Rainee, and act- She is the president of the Women’s Pretoria followed with 12 incidents — ing chief financial officer, Sindisa League of the ANC and we have to six cases were fi nalised; of these, four Nxusani, will remain in place. accept the fact that there is a deploy- offi cers were found guilty. Sisulu has also appointed an ment committee of the ANC.” In Bloemfontein, eight cases were interim board at the Estate Agency reported in the same fi nancial year Aff airs Board since taking offi ce. See “Why I decided to work for but only three were finalised. In Powell said that once Sisulu had Lindiwe Sisulu”, Page 26 Durban three cases were finalised, Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 5 News and exploitation exposed

with two offi cials found guilty. The director of military pros- ecution, Brigadier General Sunita Sexual exploitation and assault complaints Solomons, told the M&G that each against South African National Defence Force personnel case was assessed on its own merit and that it was up to the courts to Internal SANDF complaints Complaints by public against SANDF offenders in the DRC pass appropriate sentences. She 1 emphasised that the army treats Number of incidents reported to legal Polokwane: By rank of offender, category of sexual offence and outcome. every sexual-related offence with satellite offices and outcome of finalised One incident with Most cases listed were finalised in 2018 and 2019 seriousness. cases, 2018-19 to 2019-20 result of guilty Case finalised Not finalised “If there’s an offence committed (but reversed there is military police investigation Thaba Tshwane: on appeal) SEA is a UN standard of conduct on sexual exploitation and abuse. SOA is a charge under the Sexual and the person is charged [with] 12 incidents. Six Offences Act. A dash means offender could not be identified. is a charge under the what we call an account of off ence — MDC finalised, four of Military Discipline Code. SAMHS is the South African Military Health Service … Our [military] courts work exactly these not guilty on the same principles as the civilian Rank Offence Division Outcome courts ... depending on the offence and the rank of the off ender. If it’s Captain SEA SAMHS Case closed in 2018. No prosecution. a [case of] sexual misconduct it will Captain —SAMHS Case closed. Investigation completed in Nov 2018. No prosecution 3 go before ... a senior military judge. Corporal SEAArmy Guilty. 2007 offence, finalised in 2019. Discharged from SANDF And the people are charged often in 8 terms of the Sexual Off ences Act 32 Durban: Three Flight sgt SEAArmy Guilty. Demoted, file placed on DRC court roll. Finalised in 2019 incidents, all of 2007. ” Lance cpl SEAArmy Guilty. 2019 trial in DRC. Discharged from SANDF She said that, just as in any other finalised. Two Bloemfontein: Major SOA, MDCArmy Guilty. Letter for court charges issued. Case starts in Nov 2019 court, sentences depended on the Eight incidents. Three found not 17 judges who preside over the cases: of these finalised guilty Private SEAArmy Guilty. Letter for charges sent to unit in 2018. Charged in 2019 even if prosecutors may have wanted Private SEAArmy Not guilty. Charges were laid against member in 2019 harsher sentences, it is not up to Cape Town: 17 incidents. Guilty result in them to decide. seven cases and not guilty in another six Private SEAArmy Not guilty. Member was charged. Matter finalised in 2019 Private SEAArmy Guilty. Case finalised in 2019. Accused discharged from SANDF Sexual abuse in the DRC Staff sgt SEAArmy Guilty. Member was charged and file placed on court roll in DRC As the SANDF battles with sexual SANDF paternity cases crimes internally it has also had to Sergeant SEAArmy Guilty. 2013 offence, finalised in 2019. Discharged from SANDF The number of claims against SANDF personnel alleging report to the United Nations about — —— No prosecution, offender not identified dozens of cases allegedly perpe- paternity. Seven claims have been referred to the UN 28 — —— No prosecution, offender not identified trated by troops in the Democratic The number of outstanding reported paternity cases as Republic of the Congo (DRC). Troops of April 2019 (one case has no prima facie evidence) — —— No prosecution, offender not identified have been deployed to the country 18 Major SOA, MDCArmy Guilty. Letter for court charges issued. Case starts in Nov 2019 — where systematic rape has been Corporal SEAArmy Letter for charges sent to unit in 2018. Case to be placed on DRC roll. used as an instrument of war for United Nations repatriations decades — to stop violence against Flight sgt SEAAir force Member resigned, needs passport to face 2019 charges in DRC communities. SANDF personnel repatriated on disciplinary grounds Major SOASAMHS Offence from 2018. Ready for trial but a witness wants payment But, for more than a decade, allega- (some personnel are deployed to UN peacekeeping tions of sexual misconduct, exploi- 12missions). Such UN accountability measures are taken in cases of Rifleman SEAArmy etter L for charges sent to unit in 2018. In custody, prosecution in DRC tation and assault have been lev- substantial misconduct, including sexual exploitation and abuse Sergeant SEAArmy Member was charged in 2019. Case to be heard in DRC court elled against South African troops Graphic: JOHN McCANN Compiled by: M&G DATADESK Data source: SANDF deployed in Africa’s second-biggest country. An internal SANDF document laid a complaint in the DRC against states that at some point the “United a major who was working with the Nations considered withdrawing military health services. The off ence SANDF permanently”. was committed between April and These documents, dated May 2019, May last year. show that there have been at least According to the notes on the case, 21 cases of sexual exploitation and the investigator concluded that the assault reported. These cases include matter was ready for trial. It was allegations of rape, transactional placed on the roll but the complain- sex, sexual abuse and exploitative ant wanted $250 to testify in the relationships. matter. “Case could not be fi nalised Of these cases, 15 were commit- due to the witness that did not want ted by troops from the army, one to testify without payment,” reads by the airforce and three by the the document. military health services. Two were In a case dating back to June 2011, unknown as the off enders could not another captain with the 7 South be identifi ed. African Infantry Battalion was found Fifteen of the cases have been fi nal- guilty only this year — eight years ised; nine soldiers were dismissed later. from the SANDF. The report on that case reads: According to the deputy spokes- “Charges must be instituted. Letter person for the secretary general of to be sent to the unit to institute the UN, Farhan Aziz Haq, since 2015 charges by 17 August 2018. No feed- there have been a total of 92 alle- back yet from the unit ... The Adj gations of sexual exploitation and [adjudicator] currently on leave. abuse recorded in the DRC. Of these, Charges to be instituted 3rd week in 34 involved personnel from South Jan. No feedback as on 29/03/19 ... Africa — more than a third of all the On the warpath: Defence Minister Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula (centre) says she will launch an external Charged on 22 May 2019. The mat- cases. investigation into claims of sexual exploitation and abuse in the military. Photo: David Harrison ter was finalised on June 26, 2019. He said that when an allegation Guilty. Discharge from the SANDF.” of abuse is received, the UN “noti- and abuse so seriously that they have of allegations are higher in the UN received the case only in November Although there are only a hand- fies the implicated member state ensured that investigations take reports but after our investigations last year. ful of ongoing cases against SANDF and requests that they appoint a place speedily and that army prose- we discover that there are [fewer] An internal document record- members in the DRC, the UN’s Haq national investigation offi cer within cutors are deployed with the soldiers because in some cases [the] com- ing this notes that: “Case to be sent said that it will continue to follow up fi ve days”. in the DRC, or wherever there is a plainant can’t identify the perpetra- to DRC for prosecution. Matter to with the member states involved until “The United Nations then follows peacekeeping mission. tors,” said Kani. be enrolled in DRC in Feb/Mar 19. such time as all required accountabil- up on a regular basis with member “Firstly, there must be no frat- Matter enrolled for 03 May 2019. ity measures have been taken. states, including RSA, to ensure that ernisation [with the local popula- Legacy cases Matter finalised. Guilty, discharge “While the vast majority of United the secretary general is advised of tion where the SANDF is deployed], Although that process might seem from SANDF.” Nations peacekeepers, civilian and progress on investigations and sanc- secondly, there must be no issues speedy, some of the sexual assault Of the 21 sexual exploitation and uniformed, serve with pride in diffi - tions. This follow-up includes formal of what is called transactional sex, crimes that South African forces assault cases that the M&G has ana- cult and complex circumstances, we communications, as well as regular where you pay for sex. That is scan- are accused of were perpetrated as lysed, fi ve cases were not prosecut- are all diminished by even one allega- discussions at the working level.” dalous behaviour … When there are far back as 2007, and the cases have able, six are ongoing, eight offi cers tion of sexual exploitation and abuse. SANDF director of operations and allegations of SEA, SANDF inves- been completed only this year. have been found guilty and two were Sexual exploitation and abuse runs legal support, Admiral Zenisele Kani, tigates and if there is prima facie The 12-year-old case saw a cor- acquitted. counter to the values of the United said that the defence force takes all evidence we go to [the] DRC to poral found guilty — but according But not all these cases are easily Nations and damages the communi- allegations of sexual exploitation prosecute. At times the [number] to SANDF internal documents, it prosecutable. In one case, a woman ties we are sent to serve,” he said. 6 Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 News Fear inside the church of refugees

Migrant leader accused of military-style tactics to influence people and push authorities for a chance to leave South Africa

Lester Kiewit The Mail & Guardian spoke to several people who have either left Cross to bear: Jean-Pierre he Central Methodist the church or who are still inside Balous (above centre) church in Greenmarket because they don’t have anywhere addresses refugees being Square, Cape Town, is full. else to go. They shared stories of fear sheltered in the Methodist T Every square centime- and intimidation — they are also too church in Cape Town. They tre of the floor is covered afraid to share their identities. are said to be living in fear of with people lying on blankets or mat- One person, who agreed to be Balous who has encouraged tresses. Only the pathway leading to interviewed by the M&G, was on them to give up their homes, the altar, which is also occupied, is three occasions stopped by men who children’s schools and jobs open to walk through. act as security outside the church. in order to put pressure on The air is thick with the smell of They were told the security was nec- the government and United people who have been living in close essary because someone had appar- Nations to relocate them quarters. They have been living like ently entered the church with a gun. to other countries. this for weeks. Another person said that they were Photos: David Harrison Before seeking shelter in the encouraged by WhatsApp messages church, approximately 1 000 refugees to quit their jobs, give notice at their criminal. Because whoever is trying and asylum seekers had staged a sit- accommodation and take their chil- to make cases against me, I don’t in at the offices of the United Nations dren out of school. They were then attack, I don’t steal … A good leader High Commission for Refugees made to believe that UNHCR planes is willing to be insulted because of (UNHCR), less than 500m away. were waiting to take them out of the the goodness of his people.” They wanted to be removed to country. He has, however, apologised for the another country. But they were “We received text messages saying assault on faith leaders and human evicted by a court order and, faced we must meet at the UNHCR’s office. rights workers in the church last with the police force and stun gre- The messages also said how bad week. nades, were received by the church. home affairs is. It said the UNHCR The group, including Cape Now church leaders are scratch- will relocate us if the issues of docu- Town Anglican Archbishop Thabo ing their heads, wondering how long mentation aren’t sorted out. “ Makgoba and Chris Nissen from they will stay. All this seems to have been a way the South African Human Rights Jean-Pierre Balous, the refugee of getting a mass of people to camp Commission (HRC), was address- group’s leader — and one of only a outside the UN body’s offices. ing the group about their options of few people allowed to talk freely to Another person said that even either returning to their home coun- journalists — shuffles to the altar. though the UNHCR said it could not tries, integrating into South African Known as JP, he is surrounded by relocate groups of refugees, and that society, or having the UN process men seemingly forming a protective applications were done on an indi- their applications on an individual wall around him. vidual basis, they were told by lead- basis. Balous is there to give people ers such as Balous that they would Some of the church leaders were an update on the latest meeting soon leave: “JP also gave promises. assaulted but managed to get out of between the refugees and govern- Today it was one thing, the next day the church. ment authorities. it was another. I finally got fed up.” Makgoba at the time said their frus- But first, he wants the children The person said the leaders don’t trations were warranted. “I would to sing. There’s no real melody. It is want people to leave the church, ple who are trying to help. If you crit- and intimidation. He has also been describe this as termination anxiety. mostly chanting. Only four words. because it would mean they would icise them (refugees), you are chased banned from the Western Cape We were delivering the hard truth. “No more South Africa!” lose leverage during negotiations away,” said another. Refugee and Migrant forum. Things they didn’t want to hear. So “I’m not here to be corrupted. I’m with the government and the UN. Earlier this month, the Gift of the Gahlia Brogneri, founder of the they expressed some level of anger.” here to defend my generation,” he “This morning I got a phone call at Givers charity was told by refugee Adonis Musati Project for refugee tells the crowd in a measured but 4am. It was from JP’s people. They leaders to stop providing food and rights, said she was forced to go to he HRC — which has been authoritative tone. asked where I was and that I must medical assistance after its direc- the police after threats were made helping mediate between the “I need a generation for tomorrow. come back to the church because the tor Badr Kazii made comments that against her and her staff. Trefugees, the UN and govern- Because the government of South UN was there to relocate. At 4am.” offended them. “He was harassing our staff. ment — said the atmosphere Africa already destroyed our chil- Clarifying what he had said, Kazii Sending false messages via social is still tense, with refugee leaders dren’s generation.” everal nongovernmental told Cape Talk presenter John media with pictures of my staff mem- refusing to climb down from their Balous gives a stirring address. organisations and facilita- Maytham: “In my view, when I bers. He accused us of all kinds of demands. There are more accusations against Stors close to negotiations are looked at the list of demands, I real- horrendous acts … He has the poten- Nissen said: “The UN will tell them the government, the UN and other questioning the motives and ised that going to Canada or else- tial to be violent. He stabbed another that there needs to be a receiving refugee rights bodies than there is demands of refugee leaders. where was just not on the cards. community leader in the face during country. Donald Trump will tell them information on when people will be One NGO worker said: “A lot of No-one had the power to do that. one of the forum meetings.” ‘You are not coming here’. Countries moving out of the church. He accuses concerns were raised about the “If you’re going to have demands Brogneri has accused Balous of like Canada, and Europe, the num- the UNHCR of being corrupt, saying whole structure of what is happening that are not realistic it’s not the basis doing more harm than good in fos- ber of refugees they are accepting is they will be made to answer. there.” for negotiation.” tering social cohesion between South dwindling.” Balous also tells people that the A person close to the negotiations He said they had received a “fairly Africans and migrants. Nissen said there are legitimate government wants to kill refugees. said: “Bodyguards around the lead- belligerent” statement from refu- “In this heightened period of xeno- grievances, such as the slow process- “What does the government of South ers ... people prevented from com- gee leaders refusing the aid, but felt phobia he knew people would be ing of permits and documents by Africa want to do? Do they want to ing into the church ... there are a lot those leaders should be putting the anxious, so he sold them something the department of home affairs, and exterminate refugees? Finish them? of stories that we have heard. But we needs of the migrants first. that was not attainable and he knew anti-immigrant sentiment by many They don’t want to seek anything can’t independently confirm them.” Balous, who is originally from the that because he’s worked in the court South Africans. good for refugees.” There are mur- Another person helping to facili- Democratic Republic of Congo, is system. He knows how the resettle- “At the heart of it is the relation- murs of agreement. tate the negotiations said: “There’s seen as a troublesome figure in the ment system works. He knew that ship between refugees and home But, although he seems to hold a lot of peddling of lies. Like there refugee community. many of those people wouldn’t stand affairs. People are complaining of sway in front of this captive audi- was the story of a lot of children who He has worked as a court transla- a chance because many of them were a backlog to get papers. If we can ence, some in the refugee community were missing, but none of them were tor and is said to know well how undocumented.” facilitate better communication with accuse Balous — who has himself missing. There were stories that peo- court systems and bureaucratic pro- But Balous dismisses claims all sides it would help. I also used to applied to be relocated — of taking ple died. No one died. It creates a bad cesses work. against him. “They are trying to put think that home affairs is just bad, advantage of heightened xenophobic image of South Africa.” But he also has several protec- JP in a problem.” but if you speak to them, they also tensions for his own benefit. “People are becoming fed up, peo- tion orders against him for threats “I don’t have any cases, I’m not a have challenges,” he said. Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 7 News EFF wants Jozi mayor job, ends DA deal

Paddy Harper In 2016, the DA took 121 seats in In July, the ANC took Ward 109 off He said the IFP in Gauteng would would finalise its positions in a week- Johannesburg, ahead of the ANC’s the DA in one of four by-elections. be “happy” to work with DA mayoral end meeting of the province, region he Johannesburg may- 104, with the EFF taking a further The shift in the balance of power candidate Funzi Ngobeni and would and national leaders. oral race has been 30 seats. The IFP took five seats and raised the ANC’s hopes of a take- prefer to remain in the coalition “We have had positive engage- thrown wide open by the the African Independent Congress over should the DA, EFF coalition agreement, but that this might be ments with the parties in council. Tannouncement that the four, with the African Christian collapse. overruled by a national agreement Even those parties which were in Economic Freedom Fight- Democratic Party, Freedom Front IFP provincial secretary Alco with the ANC. “Anything is possible,” coalition with the DA have had their ers will field its own candidate to Plus, Al Jama-ah, Congress of the Ngobese said although the party was he said. own dissatisfaction,” he said. “From replace Herman Mashaba in Thurs- People and the Patriotic Alliance committed to the DA coalition, they ANC Johannesburg caucus chair- where I am, we will have a clear day’s election. each taking one seat. had been in talks with the ANC. person Solly Mogase said the party answer on Tuesday.” The decision, made public by EFF president Julius Malema at a brief- ing in Johannesburg yes- terday, effectively ends the coalition between the party and the Democratic OGILVY SA 20024/EOGILVY Alliance, which, with sup- port from the Inkatha Freedom Party, has run the city since 2016. The coalition was put under pressure by Crafted for your craft Mashaba’s resigna- tion from the DA and as mayor in protest against the election of Helen Zille as party federal chairper- The Crafter son last month. At the same time, the ANC, which holds the majority of seats on the With its generous loading capacity of up to 17.5m3 and a fuel efficient 7.5* litres per 100km, the Crafter Johannesburg metro will elevate your business. For extra protection of goods in transit, it’s equipped with vast electronic safety council but had been assistance systems like Crosswind and Hill-hold Assist, ESP with Brake Assist and Traction Control with unseated by the DA, EFF Electronic Differential Lock. and IFP coalition, had begun trying to persuade the IFP to back its mayor candidate in return for co-operation at council level in KwaZulu-Natal. Malema’s announce- ment ended speculation over which way the EFF would swing. “Everybody is fielding their candi- date. We are not talking to anyone. Why not ask the DA: ‘Are you going to support the EFF?’ Why is the question: ‘Who is the EFF going to support?’ Are we not capable to lead?” Malema said it would be “difficult” for the EFF to talk to the DA now that John Steenhuisen has been elected interim party leader after Mmusi Maimane’s resignation, or to be a voting partner for a “white DA”. “Before it was easier, when there was Maimane but now we must talk to Helen and Steenhuisen. I cannot imagine that. It’s going to be difficult,’’ he said. The move by the EFF to field its own mayoral candidate may play into the hands of the ANC. It believes its offer to drop legal action against the IFP in the Abaqulusi local municipality in Zululand — and giving the party the mayorship of neigh- bouring Jozini — will be enough to win over the party.

“Why is the question, ‘Who is the EFF going to *Combined fuel consumption tested using prescribed uniform measuring standard. Variations in driving styles support?’ Are and in road, vehicle and ambient conditions, will have a bearing on actual results achieved. vw.co.za we not capable to lead?” 8 Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 News ‘Rogue unit’ case will set precedent

The ConCourt hearing on the interim interdict against Mkhwebane is about more than politics

NEWS ANALYSIS of the protector’s work. Franny Rabkin The Constitutional Court’s 2016 Nkandla decision clarified that ublic protector Busisiwe “remedial action” by the public pro- Under pressure: Public Enterprises Minister Pravin Gordhan outside a courtroom. Together with President Mkhwebane will be back tector is binding and has to be imple- Cyril Ramaphosa, he is fighting a legal battle against the public protector. Photo: Siphiwe Sibeko/Reuters in court again on Thurs- mented — unless and until it is set Pday. And although it may aside by a court. But what if she’s that the allegations were “substan- powers. Part A was an application for ties and one that has been used to appear to be yet another wrong? Then we have to go to court, tiated” and directed far-reaching an interim interdict — putting every- great effect by both the Democratic instalment in the seemingly never- said the Nkandla judgment. But remedial action, including instruct- thing on hold until Part B is decided. Alliance and the EFF. ending political battle of President court processes can take forever. So ing that Ramaphosa take discipli- Part A succeeded and the interim As Ivan Pillay’s counsel, Ross Cyril Ramaphosa and Pravin Gor- what happens in the meantime? This nary action against Gordhan, who interdict was granted by Judge Hutton SC, says: “This is clearly dhan vs Busisiwe Mkhwebane and is what next week’s case is all about: was finance minister at the time. Sulet Potterill in the high court not a ‘David and Goliath’ matter as the Economic Freedom Fighters, when, and how easily, a court can The report was immediately chal- in Pretoria. She treated it like any the EFF’s heads of argument would this particular hearing at the Consti- grant an interim interdict against lenged in court by Gordhan, for- other interim interdict applica- repeatedly have it. Rather it is a bat- tutional Court is hugely important. the public protector. mer acting Sars commissioner Ivan tion involving the exercise of statu- tle between several well-armed and The case could set a crucial prec- Mkhwebane’s report at the centre Pillay, former Sars commissioner tory powers. She also considered well-resourced political figures.” edent to be applied in all other cases, of this case was about allegations of Oupa Magashula and Ramaphosa. the Constitutional Court’s decision Gordhan’s counsel, Wim Trengove including those that involve ordinary an unlawfully created investigative Part B of the case — which is still in National Treasury and Others SC, argues that the law of interim people who have turned to the public unit at the South African Revenue to come — will determine whether vs Organisation Undoing Tax interdicts as it stands is perfectly protector in the face of an uncaring Service (Sars) that went “rogue” and the report was irrational in law and Abuse (Outa) and Others — the case adequate. The Constitutional Court state. Those cases make up the bulk illegally spied on people. She found whether Mkhwebane exceeded her brought to interdict Sanral from lev- should not even be hearing the case, ying e-tolls. he says. It is a “run-of-the-mill appli- In this case, the Constitutional cation for an interim interdict”. Court approved the long-standing Of course, an interim interdict test for an interim interdict, includ- should not impermissibly hinder ing its “annotation” by later courts the accessibility and effectiveness of Career paths for researchers – — that unless there is an allegation the public protector, he says. But the Invitation of bad faith, courts should be slow test that is already in place considers to grant interim interdicts against this. This is why, Trengove adds, the where to in a changing world? organs of state when they are exer- public protector has herself acknowl- cising statutory powers. In addition, edged that, in the normal course 2-3 December 2019, Pretoria, Gauteng constitutional values must be con- of events, she will not fight interim The technology-driven fluidity across boundaries of countries, disciplines, economic sectors, sidered, including the principle of orders. “She consents to these orders and occupations mean a world rich with opportunities for those with adademic training, but the separation of powers between precisely because they do not imper- navigating a career path is more challenging than ever. At the same time, researchers are the executive, legislature and missibly hinder or unreasonably critical to advancing the science, engineering and technology (SET) and innovation output judiciary. interfere with the performance of goals of a country, its development, and its global competitiveness. The National Science and An interdict against the exercise her functions.” of statutory power “may be granted Trengove adds that the EFF’s test is Technology Forum (NSTF) is hosting a two-day Discussion Forum to explore these issues. only in the clearest of cases and one-sided: “It fails to strike any bal- after a careful consideration of sep- ance, for instance, for the protection NSTF Discussion Forum aration of powers harm”, said the of those who fall foul of the public Career paths for researchers Constitutional Court. protector’s unlawful abuse of her But the EFF argues that, when it powers. Recent litigation has shown, comes to the public protector’s reme- again and again, that protection of dial action, it should not be business this kind is essential.” as usual with interim interdicts. Too Mkhwebane’s counsel, Thabani easily granting interim interdicts Masuku SC, argues that, even on the Where to in a changing world? will detract from the very purpose of existing test in Outa, Potterill failed the public protector — to be acces- to heed the Constitutional Court’s Calling stakeholders from all sectors: sible to act for the poor and mar- principles. “To a certain extent, the business professional bodies academics ginalised against powerful and well- findings of chapter 9 Institutions are government science councils researchers resourced government officials. to be treated with the same defer- higher education graduate community innovators “In the end, there will be no win- ence as a court of law.” ners with all these urgent interdicts But Ramaphosa’s counsel, This is an open event and free for all. It is part of the joint Innovation Bridge (IB) Technology against the public protect[or], just Matthew Chaskalson SC, argues Matchmaking and Showcasing exhibition, and Science Forum South Africa (IBSFSA) of the one loser: the ‘average citizen’ who that Outa’s factoring in the separa- Department of Science and Innovation. the public protector is there to pro- tion of powers actually goes against tect,” says EFF counsel Tembeka the public protector. Outa was about Ngcukaitobi in his written argument. protecting the executive from unjus- The EFF wants the court to “tai- tifiable intrusions by other branches lor” a stricter test, stricter than the of government, he says. Outa test, for when courts will grant “The logic of Outa determines that Register online www.nstf.org.za *T&Cs apply interim interdicts against the public it is for the president (and not the protector. “The government official courts or the public protector) to must satisfy the court that an interim decide whether to take the executive interdict will not impermissibly hin- action sought by the public protec- S.E.T. for socio-economic growth der accessibility and effectiveness of tor immediately, or to wait until the NSTF – your non-profit stakeholders’ forum for science, the public protector.” pending legal challenge has been engineering, technology (SET) and innovation This sounds very convincing in a determined,” says Chaskalson. scenario when the protector is deal- It has been presidents (Zuma and @NSTF_SA ing with an average citizen. But the Ramaphosa), banks and opposition @NSTFSA challenge is that the public protec- parties that have forged the road to tor does not deal only with average- the Constitutional Court when it @nstf_sa citizen scenarios. The Executive comes to developing public protector National Science and Technology Forum (NSTF) Members Ethics Act specifically law. But it is not only them to which National Science and in National Science and Technology Forum (NSTF) allows complaints against members the developments will apply. The of the executive (the president and principles developed by the courts Technology Forum their Cabinet) from MPs — a potent must be appropriate for the average tool in the hands of opposition par- citizen and president alike. Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 9 News Boy on a bike fulfilling his dreams

People who know John the systems work,” she said. People who know Steenhuisen said Steenhuisen, the DA’s he is a firm but fair political player, interim leader, say he equally capable with a turn of phrase as he is with calculating political has what it takes to lead moves. “Politics is a tough game,” said a Lester Kiewit party member. “You would battle to do it for this long if you didn’t love it he Democratic Alliance’s and if you didn’t find joy in the rough newly elected interim and tumble of it. John has a knack leader, John Steenhuisen for that thing. And you have got to Tsays his first interaction enjoy it for what it is. He’s known for with his party was as a that.” schoolboy. With Steenhuisen at the helm of In his first foray in political cam- South Africa’s second largest party, paigning, he delivered election pam- many DA politicians say they’re phlets on his bicycle for the DA’s pre- buoyed by his style, emboldened by decessor, the Democratic Party. his take-no-prisoners style of debat- Now he leads the party that he ing and raring to have robust policy calls the “Project”. debates about the direction and pol- “I’ve been an ordinary member. icy of the party. I’ve been a branch chairperson. I’ve “Politics is not for sissies,” said served as a councillor, an MPL and Graham. “There’s plenty of disagree- an MP and that’s not going to stop,” ments and robust discussions. But, he says. for now in the DA, we need to focus Steenhuisen is a born political ani- on what is important — and that’s mal. From boardroom policy meet- the future of this country. Not focus ings to hushed discussions in quiet Born for politics: John Steenhuisen was the Democratic Alliance’s chief whip when the party’s leader, Mmusi on whether people are friends or corridors, he relishes the theatre. In Maimane, resigned, opening the door he always dreamed of stepping through. Photo: Delwyn Verasamy always agreeing with each other.” the National Assembly, as chief whip Steenhuisen is likely to use the of the opposition, his heckles and divorced after a widely publicised from the DA’s student movement, knowledge of the environment in interim leadership position as a plat- speeches cut deep into the flesh of affair he had with the DA’s provincial into senior positions in councils which you work. It takes commit- form for the party’s 2020 elective ANC MPs and government ministers. spokesperson, Terry Kass Beaumont. and legislatures in the province and ment and courage to get on with the congress. But it’s Steenhuisen’s public life They have since married. nationally. job. Those are things he excels in. I There, he’ll be hoping to cement and education that also gets the “You can’t be a sailor that cursed “He’s an incredibly intelligent think there are very few people who his place as leader, fulfilling the attention. He has been criticised for the sea,” Steenhuisen said of the person. What counts is developing have the knowledge he does of how dream of a boy on a bicycle. only having a matric certificate. His meeting of his personal and politi- response has been that he has never cal life. “You accept that when you lied about his lack of formal qualifi- take public office there is a sacrifice cation; he dropped out of university of your private space. I’ve lived my because he couldn’t pay the fees. entire story in the public glare and Call for In 1999, at just 22, he was elected to people have read things about me NSTF-South32 the Durban city council, making him that happen to ordinary people every one of its youngest representatives. day but it doesn’t make the papers. nominations From there, his political trajectory It’s the rough and tumble of the Awards started to ascend. He was elected time.” leader of the caucus in the council at His colleagues in the party say he is the age of 29. made for the role of leader. For outstanding contributions to science, engineering, technology (SET) In 2009, he was elected to the The M&G spoke to several DA and innovation in South Africa – registration deadline 9 December 2019. KwaZulu-Natal legislature. That politicians in KwaZulu-Natal who same year he became the DA’s pro- said Steenhuisen can be credited for The National Science and Technology Forum (NSTF) calls for nominations vincial leader. building the party in the province, for the prestigious 22nd NSTF-South32 Awards in SET and innovation. Two years later, Steenhuisen was especially in the eThekwini metro, promoted to the National Assembly. where it is the official opposition. Register nominations online www.nstf.org.za/awards After his re-election to the national In the legislature, the DA is the legislature in 2014, Mmusi Maimane, third largest party. Growing from then the party’s leader, appointed just two seats in 1994 to 11 in the him chief whip of the opposition. 80-seat provincial parliament. It’s Maimane’s office that “He had a big impact on the city. Promote South Africa’s excellent Steenhuisen now occupies, achieving Even today, 10 years after he left, work in SET and innovation his long-standing political goal. some municipal officials still inquire “I joined the party with the inten- about him,” said one DA politician. tion of one day leading the party. It’s “And I think he is unique in the every politician’s dream to lead their grasp on government that he has. Further the understanding of science party,” he told the Mail & Guardian He has knowledge and understand- before last weekend’s special DA fed- ing of how systems and processes eral council meeting, where his lead- work.” ership of the party was confirmed. Nicole Graham, the DA caucus Highlight SET role models But his rising political star has leader in the eThekwini municipal- brought attention to his personal ity, said Steenhuisen has helped life. In 2010 he and his wife, Julie, younger politicians, who have come Be part of the prestigious NSTF-South32 Awards

Follow on Twitter #NSTFawards2020 S.E.T. for socio-economic growth NSTF – your non-profit stakeholders’ forum for science, engineering, technology (SET) and innovation

012 841 3987 T @NSTF_SA [email protected] E @NSTFSA www.nstf.org.za/awards National Science and Technology Forum (NSTF) www.nstf.org.za in National Science and Technology Forum (NSTF) National Science and Technology Forum ‘Incredibly intelligent’: Nicole Graham, the DA’s caucus leader in eThekwini municipality says John Steenhuisen is up to the task 10 Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 News Forgotten people of Platfontein

Public consultations for the country’s new health Bill show how language barriers can keep healthcare away from those who need it

Nelisiwe Msomi & Pontsho Pilane

media Kaye is trying to muster up the courage to say her piece. The queue Eto the podium is slowly decreasing. On the last sheet of the 60-page National Health Insurance (NHI) Bill, she has written her thoughts with a faint neon green pen. She can’t see herself, her family or her community in one of the most contentious policies in the country at the moment. She feels forgotten. “I wanted to say something from our community,” the 27-year-old remarks. Kaye is attending public hear- ings on the NHI Bill, being held in the Northern Cape by Parliament’s portfolio committee on health. These gatherings are headed by the com- mittee’s chairperson, Sibongiseni Dhlomo, who begins every public hearing by explaining that the pur- pose of these meetings is to inform people around the country about the proposed policy as well as note peo- ple’s oral and written submissions, which could lead to amendments Humiliated: A year ago Mothi Kapunda went to the Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe Hospital when she went into labour. She felt the staff belittled her being made to the Bill. because she doesn’t fully understand the languages used in the hospital. Photo: Luntu Ndzandze In August, Health Minister Zweli Mkhize introduced the Bill nounced Xung) and Khwe people She was in labour, so she made pretation may take long. We want to languages — depending on the area to Parliament and projected that were relocated in the early 2000s. her way to the Robert Mangaliso appoint those who live in the areas of — is also given to attendees. South Africa’s iteration of universal Before then, the San people lived Sobukwe Hospital to give birth to the facilities.” “It will greatly assist if you were to healthcare will be implemented by in Schmidtsdrift, about 80km from her twin babies. But she was met But Kaye says their local clinic is give us at least one Bill or legislation 2026. The main function of the draft Kimberley. They were moved to with hostility. full of staff from Kimberley, despite that has been translated into all 11 legislation is to establish the NHI Schmidtsdrift in 1990 from northern The doctor and nurses tried to take the high levels of unemployment official languages,” national health Fund, which will purchase all core Namibia and southern Angola when her through the labour process, but after young people complete their department communications head health services on behalf of all South then-South West Africa became Kapunda struggled to understand matric. Popo Maja says. African citizens and certain catego- independent and the South African what was being said to her. The small clinic in Platfontein is “Making laws and regulations ries of foreigners. Defence Force withdrew. “How will you feel if someone not open 24 hours and doesn’t offer available in all 11 official languages For Kaye, the Bill is yet another But, in 2003, they were moved speaks in a strange language that advanced medical procedures. Most is an ideal goal that the country is reminder of the erasure of her exist- from Schmidtsdrift after a land you don’t understand?” she asks. people have to travel to the hospital striving for. It all depends on the ence and history and that of her com- claim by the Batlhaping and Griqua Kapunda says health workers mis- in Kimberley for other health ser- availability of resources. There is a munity . She flips through the stack people was granted. About 7 000 treated, belittled and humiliated her. vices such as giving birth. whole document on NHI communi- of page. !Kung and Khwe people now live And, according to her and Kaye, this Kapunda says: “Whenever we cation strategy that could be shared Kaye knows exactly what univer- in Platfontein, an area with limited is a common occurrence for !Kung call the hospital for help, the with you.” sal healthcare means for her and her basic services. and Khwe people who seek health moment they hear our language But Maja retracted his offer to people. “I actually wrote it down.” services in Kimberley and other that’s when they start to laugh and share it, stating his “principals” “My request is that the NHI Bill t’s Saturday morning, hours since places around the province. treat us like we are nobody because advised him that it is an “internal must ensure that there are inter- Kaye was afraid to make her sub- Kaye, who is also a board mem- we speak one of the languages of document”. preters in hospitals and clinics Imission. Everybody waves at her ber of the Southern African San Platfontein.” Language also isn’t the only hur- around Northern Cape — especially or greets her with a smile. Her Development Organisation, believes dle — informing people about the at Kimberley Hospital [renamed home is small, yet is filled with peo- South Africa’s failure to recognise lthough the NHI seeks public hearings also proved to be Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe ple — her sisters and children play- !Kung and Khwe — and other indig- to close the gaps in pro- challenging. According to the port- Hospital],” she says. ing in the yard. enous languages such as Nluu and Aviding healthcare, the folio committee’s media officer, Most health workers at the hospi- “I want to build a home for my chil- Birwa — as official languages, despite Bill isn’t available in all Yoliswa Landu, Parliament has only tal speak English, isiZulu, Setswana dren. This is nothing big, but it’s a decades of lobbying, is one of the rea- 11 official languages, let alone any of secured advertising space for public or isiXhosa. start,” the mother of two says. sons they are discriminated against the San languages. Platfontein resi- submissions in local newspapers “When our people arrive at the Kaye is an interpreter at the generally in society, and even more dents like Kapunda, who don’t speak but not on any radio stations. hospital, they are struggling to Kimberley magistrate’s court. She in health facilities where it could be English or Afrikaans, will not have For the people in Platfontein, understand the languages,” she says. translates !Kung and Khwe during a matter of life and death. the opportunity to fully get to grips access to information about the “Our people are dying.” legal proceedings. Her job has made In an interview with Health-e, with the proposed policy. hearings is near impossible because her realise that it’s not just the courts Mase Manopole, the province’s MEC “[The NHI Bill] is translated into they only have one media plat- bout 20km outside that need her services — health facili- for health, says the department is all 11 official languages by the infor- form in their language —X-K FM Kimberley, a left turn into ties do too. aware of the difficulties that San peo- mation that is at our disposal from — which young people in the area Aan almost 3km stretch of “My people go to hospitals when ple face because of language barriers. the department of health,” Dhlomo criticise for being hogged by older a dusty road leads to this they are sick, but they don’t get help. “We’re ensuring that there is no lan- says. people with political ambitions. forgotten place. The sides of the road The nurse asks: ‘What’s your name?’ guage barrier in our health facilities. But Health-e was unable to find However, Parliament provided are filled with long grass, trees and and they can’t even respond because We are appointing staff who speak the Bill in any other language interpreters for people who spoke cactus in between. they don’t speak Setswana, English the same language because inter- except English at the hearings or San languages during the Northern There is no signage or welcome or Afrikaans.” on the health department’s website. Cape hearings. board, just a discoloured whiteboard Instead of receiving medical help, Instead, there are brochures about Back in Kaye’s yard, her sister Tefa with faint traces of font on it. !Kung and Khwe people are left the Bill available in all the official Munwango rubs her pregnant belly. The gravel road ends and a small ignored and ill-treated in health “The nurse asks: languages. She hopes that the NHI will deliver burgundy building with a large SABC facilities outside of Platfontein. This ‘What’s your name?’ Dhlomo says it is the national a better future for her child. But her logo emerges. It’s the local commu- is a reality that 30-year-old Mothi health department that is responsible disappointment in the democratic nity radio station, X-K FM. Kapunda knows all too well. they can’t respond for the communication strategy for dispensation failing to recognise her This is the place Kaye and her peo- Last year, on the evening of because they don’t the NHI Bill and translations fall on people extinguishes that hope. ple call home. This is Platfontein. November 15, Kapunda started feel- speak Setswana or them. The draft legislation is only dis- “They said discrimination stopped Platfontein is formerly aban- ing pain in her abdomen. The cramps tributed in English at the public hear- in 1994. Here, in Platfontein, it doned farmland where !Kung (pro- became frequent and intense. English” ings and a memorandum in various didn’t.” — Health-e News Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 11 News Mkhwebane hits back at Baloyi

The public protector has asked the court to strike out claims that she and her chief executive had acted unconstitutionally

Franny Rabkin Guardian sent questions “within a few hours” of the court papers being served, and its pub- laims by her former chief operating lication the following day of a story quoting officer that Busisiwe Mkhwebane extensively from the papers, showed that Baloyi had acted unconstitutionally and had “leaked” her court papers to the M&G. This Cfor her own ends in politically sen- was in pursuit of her agenda to “cause maxi- sitive investigations were “a poor mum reputational damage”, said Mkhwebane. Her side of the story: Public protector Busisiwe Mkhwebane (above) has labelled Basani attempt at sensationalism”, said the public The case is expected to be argued next week. Baloyi’s allegations ‘mischievous’. Photo: Jaco Marais/Foto24/Gallo Images protector in court papers this week. In an affidavit filed in the high court in Pretoria, Mkhwebane hit back at Basani Baloyi’s claims that the investigations into allegations CELEBRATING of a “rogue unit” at the South African Revenue Service and into President Cyril Ramaphosa’s CR17 campaign were “extremely unusual”. JUST Baloyi is in a labour dispute with her former employer and is demanding that she be rein- stated as chief operating officer. But she has also LAUNCHED 2 asking the court to declare that Mkhwebane violated her constitutional obligations to act YEARS in SA independently and impartially. In her founding 5 affidavit, Baloyi said she was “purged” because BUILT in SA she was an “obstacle to the public protector and CEO [chief executive officer] using their powers for their own personal advancement”. She said the chief executive, Vussy Mahlangu, had improperly interfered in the investigations into Water and Sanitation Minister Gugile Nkwinti and former head of the Independent Police Investigative Directorate Robert McBride — and that Mkhwebane had allowed it. She also said that Mkhwebane had refused suggestions to look into donations to the elec- tion campaign of Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma (NDZ), who was running against Ramaphosa. After the suggestion, external people were brought in, she said. But Mkhwebane said including these allega- tions in a labour dispute was mischievous, irrel- evant and done purely to harass her. She has asked the court to strike them from the record. “The real nature of this application is a labour dispute,” she said. Mkhwebane added that the chief operating officer’s work was not up to scratch. “At times I had to spoon-feed her with very basic management skills, which I should not be expected to do at her expected level.” Mkhwebane said the NDZ campaign was not covered by the Executive Members’ Ethics Act. GET A “A competent and suitable COO [chief operat- ALL NEW ing officer] would know this almost instinc- 6.130 FL 3.5-ton tively.” There was also nothing unusual about the decision to reduce the Bosasa team substan- tially. This, she said, was “due to the high-profile and sensitive nature of an investigation involv- 3.5 TON R245 000 ing the head of state”. Mkhwebane also hit back at the WhatsApp message attached to Baloyi’s court papers. The CHASSIS CAB ONLY message sent on May 26 2019 read: “COO, I FOR THE worked with few people to deal with the sabo- tage of the PG [Pravin Gordhan] camp. The 1 YEAR FREE notice is almost ready for rogue, will issue this PRICE OF A 60 000KM week and report will also be issued in the man- SERVICE ner I will determine. The notice for the presi- dent is also ready, will call him this week to dis- cuss the notice. It is not about you, but one has R245 000 excl.VAT | R281 750 incl. VAT to play the chess.” 1 TON | Cummins ISF Engine | ABS | Aircon “I understood the reference to playing chess … | to mean that the public protector was playing a 2 Year/unlimited km Factory Warranty political game,” said Baloyi in her court papers. | 24-hour Roadside Assistance But this interpretation was “absurd and out- Terms and conditions apply rageous”, Mkhwebane said. “It is a well-known fact … that there was a concerted effort by … Gordhan and his team to discredit my office and to politicise its work by labelling me as a par- www.faw.co.za ticipant in corruption … all of this is, of course, a speculative imaginary and unfounded con- spiracy theory,” said Mkhwebane. But her office had to be alert to it and “devise communication EASTERN CAPE • Port Elizabeth (082) 376 7233 FREESTATE • Bethlehem (058) 303 5372 • Bloemfontein (051) 011 7098 strategies to resist and refute”. • Harrismith (087) 700 2802 GAUTENG • Isando (087) 700 2904 • Johannesburg South (011) 683 3364 • Midvaal (011) 900 1228 “My reference to chess was obviously in • Pretoria West (012) 372 1323 • Rosslyn (072) 288 8200 KWAZULU-NATAL • Pinetown (087) 700 2870 • Richards Bay (035) 492 0071/2 respect of our defensive moves to counteract the • South Coast (039) 682 0113 LIMPOPO • Polokwane (082) 788 7341 MPUMALANGA • Ermelo (017) 811 5181 sabotage and unwarranted attacks.” • Middelburg (087) 654 0521 • Nelspruit (013) 010 1274 NORTHERN CAPE • Upington (054) 332 1026 NORTH WEST • Klerksdorp (018) 462 4041 Mkhwebane added that “as proof of [Baloyi’s] 0DNHQJWESTERN CAPE • Cape Town (087) 700 2906 • George (044) 802 0900 • Vredenburg (022) 713 1235 BOTSWANA LESOTHO NAMIBIA malicious intent”, the fact that the Mail & • Worcester (023) 426 0002 • Gaborone (+267) 316 3200 • (+266) 58 881 222 • (+264) 83 330 8030/1/2/3 12 Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 News

SLICE OF LIFE Travelling is such a trip

I think the first time I went on a trip it was in 2008, when I went to Durban on a bus with my then boyfriend — now husband. It was the first time going outside our comfort zone. We saw new people; a new province. So we decided it was something we were going to do often — to learn how other people live. Since then we have been to many provinces, and outside our borders to Swaziland [Eswatini] and Mozambique. I get to relax my mind and meditate when I am travelling. When I discuss other things with my partner outside of our comfort zone, they make sense. We also get to talk about uncomfortable truths and difficult situations in our relationship. It’s easier to talk when you are in a different environment. Growing up, I was not exposed to people who travelled, so it never crossed my mind that I would be a jet-setter like I am today. I love it and it is something I want to instil in my kids. They need to travel. They need to see the world. In the previous years I used to travel five to six times in a year. But with our economy now we try to do about three trips in a year. I will not stop travelling as long as I am healthy and have the financial means to do so. I still need to go on international trips. Travelling is a big part of my life now. I get excited when I have to do planning for my travelling. If three or four months pass without going anywhere I feel like some- thing is wrong. So even if I just do a sho’t left somewhere around the province, I am at peace — Phindile Bavumile Ndaba (33) as told to Bongekile Macupe Photo: Paul Botes Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 13 14 Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 15 News SA’s income inequality is growing

Our wealth inequality is apartheid geographies. In the cities, skewed spatial legacies go a long staggering: the richest way towards determining opportu- 1% owns 67% of all the nities. (Although Stats SA’s report does not delve into the details of country’s wealth , the city structure, 2016 research by the top 10% owns 93%, Socio-Economic Rights Institute of South Africa shows that the periph- and the remaining 90% eral homes of many black communi- ties directly undermine their ability owns a mere 7% to fi nd work.) And ethnic Bantustan borders Dennis Webster imagined by apartheid legislators still map neatly along contours of nequality between countries is access in the countryside. worse than inequality within Although there have been demon- countries. This means that the strable gains in the provision of Ieconomic distance between an basic services since the end of apart- impoverished Burundian and a heid, the Inequality Trends report wealthy Belgian, for example, is far highlights that pockets of depriva- greater than the economic distance tion persist in South Africa’s former between impoverished and wealthy homelands. people within Burundi itself. For example, areas in which more There is only one place where the than half of households are una- severity of this global inequality is ble to access piped water, are still mirrored at a national level: South largely in the rural Eastern Cape and Africa. KwaZulu-Natal. Here, the economic fortunes of the Inequality in access to other ser- poorest people are similar to those vices also still hews to Bantustan of the most impoverished people Walking to work: There are about 10 000 people who commute from Alexandra to Sandton with boundaries. Only 41.8% of impover- in Burundi, and the richest people non-motorised transport, just one sign of South Africa’s stark inequality. Photo: Delwyn Verasamy ished Limpopo homes, for example in South Africa can be compared to — mostly in former Venda, Lebowa Belgium’s richest. earnings of the top 2% grew 15% over wealthiest 1% owns 67% of all the Inequality is spatial and Gazankulu — had access to But what does it mean to be the that period, while those in the top 1% country’s wealth. The top 10% owns The persistence of South Africa’s improved sanitation in 2015. world’s most unequal society? saw their earnings balloon by 48%. 93%. The remaining 90% of South inequality a quarter of a century An Inequality Trends report, But shrinking incomes for the Africa owns a paltry 7% of the coun- after formal democracy is, in large This article was originally published the first of its kind, launched on majority in the face of huge growth try’s wealth. part, down to enduring colonial and by New Frame November 14 by Statistics South in those of a handful at the top is not Africa (Stats SA) and the South the only factor driving income ine- African Labour and Development quality in South Africa. Economists Research Unit (Saldru) at the Ihsaan Bassier and Ingrid Woolard University of Cape Town, gives us have shown recently that fi nancial part of the answer. capital is also a key contributor.

Produced and created by Although the economy grew by International Partner Monetary inequality only 4% between 2003 and 2016, the Although social grants and remit- income received by the top 5% of the tances have made the most nota- population from instruments such Primary Partners ble headway in bridging the chasm as shares and capital gains grew as between the runaway riches of South much as 20%. This kind of capital Africa’s wealthy few and the thread- income represents nearly half of the bare struggles of its impoverished income of the country’s richest 1%. majority, there is little to celebrate. Income inequality in South Africa The wealth of a nation CALLING ALL SCIENTISTS has deepened. According to the lat- There are deeper indicators of well- est fi gures from the World Inequality being than monetary measures, Are you passionate about science? Database, the top 1% of South which Stats SA says “are central African earners take home almost to understanding South Africa’s Want to develop your science communication, 20% of all income in the country, inequality and to understanding confidence and public engagement skills? while the top 10% take home 65%. the processes that generate South The remaining 90% of South African Africa’s money-based inequality”. earners get only 35% of total income. To this end, the report measures Join the FameLab team for a workshop and These unequal incomes, accord- changes in asset ownership. A rise participate in a heat. ing to the Inequality Trends report, in ownership of both public assets remain stubbornly racialised, gen- (whereas 61.7% of people owned a dered and spatialised. flush toilet in 2009, 67.6% owned Find out more at: White people are more likely to one in 2015) and private assets www.britishcouncil.org.za/famelab fi nd work. And, once they do, they (whereas 6.2% of people owned also earn better. Between 2011 and internet services in 2009, 11.8% did 2015, a white person earned R24 646 so in 2015) indicates a reduction in YOU COULD WIN GREAT PRIZES a month on average, more than three the inequality of asset ownership in times the R6 899 of their black coun- South Africa. AND A TRIP TO THE UK! terparts. Female workers earned In the absence of income tax data around 30% less than male workers currently being compiled by the INNOVATION BRIDGE SCIENCE FORUM SOUTH AFRICA: during the same period, and workers South African Revenue Service and in the countryside earned less than the Treasury, Stats SA does not move WORKSHOP: 3 DECEMBER 2019 - 8H30-16H30 half of what urban workers did. beyond this asset inequality to meas- SESSION DATE, TIME TBC But why does the gap in South ure wealth. As a result, the effects HEAT: 4-6 DECEMBER 2019 ( ) Africa’s earnings continue to widen? that fi nancial assets such as depos- VENUE: CSIR ICC, PRETORIA The report delivers devastating evi- its, bonds, equities, life insurance dence regarding the performance of and pension funds have on inequal- RSVP: LITHAKAZI MASILELA incomes at the top and the bottom. ity are left unexplored in the report. [email protected] BY 25 NOVEMBER 2019 The real wages of the bottom 10% But recent research by Stellen- of earners have plummeted, shrink- bosch University economist Anna Participants must be 21 to 35 years of age and currently registered, ing by a quarter between 2011 and Orthofer delves into precisely these 2015. The country’s median incomes eff ects and fi nds that wealth inequal- studying or working in science, technology, engineering or mathematics also shrank 15%. By contrast, the ity in South Africa is staggering. The in South Africa. A zero-waste vegan love nest Page 48 16 Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 News Hammanskraal crisis: Slow tender

A previously undisclosed tender report reveals that the contract to fix a key wastewater treatment plant was delayed for over a year

Sarah Smit The plant has undergone two upgrades since then — one in ittle has changed in Ham- 2011 and another in 2015. In total, manskraal since the Mail these two upgrades cost the City of & Guardian last visited Tshwane R338-million. Lthe area in August, when In October, a power failure at the residents said the tap water Pyramid substation resulted in the had made them sick. Then, the pos- plant discharging what the city sibility of a solution seemed real. called “partially treated effluent” Now, with summer temperatures into the river, which feeds the dam. heading towards 40°C, locals still Parts of Hammanskraal were gather in small groups waiting for left without water. By November any sign of a truck delivering water. 8, water was restored but the city The taps have water. But nobody urged residents not to use water for knows if it’s safe to drink. drinking or cooking, as it was still George Masombuka’s makeshift conducting tests to determine the car wash overlooks the intersec- water’s suitability for consumption. tion where the tankers usually Water tankers were dispatched to stop for the residents of Kanana, a provide residents with drinking and dusty suburb adjacent to the Apies cooking water. River in Hammanskraal, north of No further announcements have Pretoria. been made about the state of the Masombuka says they never know water provided to Hammanskraal when the tankers will arrive — or residents, though water tankers con- By the bottle: Members of the Not In My Name campaign (above) deliver water to residents of Hammanskraal when it will be safe to drink tap tinue to crawl the streets of the small since tap water in the area was found to be unsafe for human consumption water. “Last week, I was listening town. to the radio. The radio says: ‘Don’t Lindi Ntshona helps run the crèche The bid evaluation committee drink the water. The water’s not down the road from Masombuka’s report indicates that the tender in good.’ So I sometimes go to buy car wash. She says every morning question is for category 9CE/9ME water. Sometimes they deliver water. she prays with the children for clean CIDB registered contractors. Grade Sometimes they don’t deliver.” water. 9 contractors are eligible to apply for The water in Hammanskraal, “We wish that they could get us the highest valued tenders. where about 21 000 people live, was water or make it possible for us Blackhead Consulting is not CIDB turned off for two weeks at the end to have water at least four times a registered, Lekoana notes in the of October because untreated sew- week, so that the children here in the affi davit. age leaked into the town’s water crèche can drink. Most of the time In September, the court dismissed system from Rooiwal, the City of we struggle when it comes to giving this element of Bicacon’s initial Tshwane’s largest wastewater treat- the children water,” Ntshona says, application because Blackhead, ment plant. alternating between Setswana and as a consultant, is not part of the With the water back on, residents English. construction element of the joint say they have been left in the dark She explains that the workers at venture. about when they will finally have the crèche can’t risk giving contami- Blackhead has worked on a num- access to drinkable water. nated water to the children. ber of projects since it was estab- And now questions have been In August, the South African lished in 2004. But the consulting raised about the tender to urgently Human Rights Commission, fi rm became the subject of contro- fix the Rooiwal Wastewater based on findings by the Council versy in 2015, when the Democratic Treatment plant and restore clean for Scientific and Industrial On duty: George Masombuka (above) runs a car wash near Alliance in the Free State unsuc- water to residents after an almost Research, declared the water in the intersection where municipal trucks stop to deliver water. cessfully brought an urgent court decade-long crisis at the plant. Hammanskraal unfit for human Residents can’t be sure when they will arrive, so Phumzile Vilikazi application against the provincial Papers filed at the Pretoria high consumption. (below) gets up at 3am to beat the queues lining up for borehole human settlements department to court reveal that the urgent refur- An analysis of samples found water from a farmer nearby halt payments to it for the eradi- bishment of the plant — which is traces of E. coli and nitrates in cation of asbestos roofing in the at the heart of the water crisis in the drinking water supplied to province. Hammanskraal — has been put on Hammankraal residents. The DA alleged that almost R100- hold for over a year. According to the Organisation million had been paid to Blackhead The tender, which was fi rst adver- Undoing Tax Abuse, which con- despite there being little evidence tised in June 2018, was finally ducted its own analysis, drinking the of “actual goods or services” having awarded in September this year. The water can result in stomach cramps, been delivered. refurbishments were expected to diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting. In a July proclamation, pub- start in October. But, after multiple In September, Parliament’s port- lished in the Government Gazette, extensions to the bidding process, folio committee on human settle- President Cyril Ramaphosa the awarding of the R291.4-million ments, water and sanitation called announced that the Special was challenged in court. the water crisis in Hammanskraal “a Investigating Unit (SIU) would An application was brought to the matter of life and death”. investigate the allegations. court in September by Bicacon, one The committee’s chairperson, ANC Blackhead and the SIU did not of the companies that lost out on the MP Machwene Semenya, said the respond to requests for comment at contract. It was dismissed and the committee was of the view that there the time of publication. company — itself attracting contro- had been a “clear dereliction of duty” CMS Water has also recently been versy over some of its previous con- on the part of the municipality in its the subject of a tender scandal. tracts — applied for leave to appeal interaction with residents of the city, In March, the Hawks reportedly the ruling. The leave application was who have complained about the con- conducted a search-and-seizure also dismissed with costs. taminated drinking water for years. Carousel Casino man Thabiso Lekoana claims the operation at the Rustenburg local But contained in court papers is a Ntshona says she is constantly N.WEST firm received a copy of the City of municipality in connection with previously undisclosed bid evalua- on edge, listening out for the water Kudube Tshwane’s bid evaluation commit- alleged tender fraud involving the tion committee report which reveals tankers. Sekampaneng tee report for the Rooiwal tender company. that after three extensions the ten- “When it comes, it comes. But Dinokeng from a “whistle-blower” inside the Rustenburg mayor Mpho Khunou der was ultimately awarded to a when it’s not coming, we just go and Game municipality. revealed in an interview with eNCA buy some water and there is a long HAMMANSKRAAL joint venture of three companies Reserve The report shows a joint ven- that the raid related to an R85- — two of which are currently impli- queue to get water from that place,” ture between NJR, CMS Water and million tender awarded to CMS for cated in separate investigations into she says, shrinking into her chair. Soshanguve Blackhead Consulting beat out seven the Bospoort Dam construction alleged tender fraud. “It is stressful. But we can’t blame other companies to win the tender. material in May 2018. Allegedly GAUTENG them [the municipality]. This place N1 But, in an earlier affi davit, Lekoana only R25-million was used for the ‘A matter of life and death’ is too big. So maybe today they are questions the eligibility of the joint project. Rooiwal has been beset by problems, here. Tomorrow they are that side. venture. According to Khunou, the tender going as far back as 2010. The plant We don’t know.” R513 R101 According to Lekoana, only those was awarded by the Rustenburg treats 200-million litres of sewage Graphic: JOHN McCANN firms who are registered with the Water Services Trust and not the a day before it fl ows into the Apies The fi xers Pretoria 5km Construction Industry Development municipality. River and then the Leeukraal Dam — In an affi davit to the Pretoria High N4 Board (CIDB) are eligible to submit North West Hawks spokesperson Hammanskraal’s water source. Court, Bicacon executive chair- tenders. Tlangelani Rikhotso told the M&G Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 17 News stops clean water flowing

national treasury’s restricted sup- “It has affected us so deeply, so plier list, a database used to ensure bad. We didn’t expect this. But, that no recommended bidders — or anyway, we have no choice,” the any of their directors — are prohib- 29-year-old says. Her sandals kick ited from doing business with the up dirt on the way down the path. public sector. Hammanskraal has endured weeks Spokesperson for the City of of above 30°C heat. Tshwane Lindela Mashigo pointed Vilikazi says she usually wakes up this out in answers to questions from at 3am to make the walk to the bore- the M&G. hole, a necessity if she wants to avoid “All bidders are subjected to a the long queues. strict and rigorous evaluation pro- Maletsatsi Malifane, who works cess which includes checking them at the farm, says the owner makes on Central Supplier Database to R1 000 a day. confirm as to whether they are Two children brave the midday restricted/blacklisted suppliers or heat to cart two large buckets to the not. Once a bidder is confirmed not borehole in a wheelbarrow. be restricted then it gets evaluated “If you drink at the tap, you end up further,” Mashigo said in response at the hospital. So that is why we just to allegations against Blackhead and end up buying water,” Vilikazi says, CMS. adjusting the top of her red dress. Mashigo also responded to con- “But you can’t buy water every day cerns about the delays in finalising for us to drink, to cook. Why should the Rooiwal tender. “The BEC [bid we buy water when there is running evaluation committee] had 59 ten- water from the taps?” ders to evaluate and finalise before it Vilikazi says she worries that the could consider the Rooiwal tenders. water issues in Hammanskraal will “The number of tenders for evalu- never be fixed. ation and volumes of submissions “Because if it was just a simple Dry as a bone: On top of having to go out and find water, residents from Hammanskraal and surrounds have caused the delay in finalising the thing, it should have [been] fixed had to endure weeks of high temperatures. Photos: Delwyn Verasamy tender.” a long time ago. So we feel they haven’t done anything about it, until that the matter is still under investi- an issue between the Rustenburg tor general “has made no finding ‘Totally wrong’ now,” she says. gation, but at an advanced stage. municipality and the water services that fraud was committed, nor does It is a short, but winding walk “It’s depressing. It’s not fair. In response to the M&G’s query trust. the facts set out in the report indi- between Phumzile Vilikazi’s home It’s not. I am not allowed to drink about the investigation, CMS said, The payments to CMS were not cate that there is any basis upon and the small farm where Kenana water from the tap. Like it’s wrong. through its lawyers, that the firm irregular, the firm’s lawyers said. which fraud can be suspected”. residents buy borehole water for R2 It’s totally wrong.” — Additional was “an innocent bystander” in They further noted that the audi- Blackhead and CMS are not on the a bucket. reporting by Malcolm Sekgothe

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17939 18 Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 News Trump mantra: Quid pro quo or not, it means bribery and extortion

Catherine Triomphe son Hunter in exchange for a coveted Since Republicans have the major- improve their human rights record.” Democrats in early November said White House summit or $391-mil- ity in the Senate, impeachment is The writers, clearly Trump oppo- they found the term “corruption” Quid pro quo. There’s no escaping lion of military aid — in other words unlikely. nents, urged the newspaper to use much more striking than “quid pro the Latin phrase in the United States a “quid pro quo”. But Democrats hope they can at terms such as “bribery” or “extor- quo”, according to The Washington right now. It’s front and centre of If the House of Representatives, least convince voters that Trump tion” to make clear that what the Post. impeachment proceedings against which has a Democratic majority, abused his position to serve his polit- president asked of Ukrainian leader But Ben Zimmer, a lexicographer, President Donald Trump. votes to impeach him, Trump will ical interests, thereby encouraging Volodymyr Zelensky was “a crime”. says Sondland’s statement will give The expression, literally meaning face trial in the Senate to decide them to vote him out of offi ce next Democratic bosses might have the term “quid pro quo” another “something for something”, made whether he be removed from offi ce. year. been reading. boost. headlines again this week when the Pushing back at the accusation, But it is unclear how eff ective the Last week their leader in the House “He is explicitly saying there was US ambassador to the European Trump, his Republican supporters phrase is. of Representatives, Nancy Pelosi, one, that means we are going to go Union, Gordon Sondland, said and right-wing commentators have Earlier this month, 33 authors referred to “bribery”. through a whole round of arguing Trump had sought such a deal with chosen a rallying cry: “no quid pro sent a letter to The New York Times On Monday she went even further, over ‘quid pro quo’ again,” he said. Ukraine. quo”. asking it to stop using the phrase in using the word “extortion” to dispute And so it was: midway through The Democratic-led investiga- Repeated ad nauseam, the phrase regard to the impeachment inquiry. Republican claims there was no quid Sondland’s appearance before tion is considering whether Trump echoes the “no collusion” mantra “Most people don’t understand pro quo because Trump eventually Congress, Trump appeared on the abused his position as president by adopted by the president during spe- what it means and, in any case, it released the aid. lawn of the White House to address withholding aid in the hope Ukraine cial counsel Robert Mueller’s investi- doesn’t refer only to a crime,” they The use of language more explicitly reporters, reading from notes on the would dig dirt on his potential 2020 gation into Russian meddling in the wrote. associated with criminal activity was testimony. rival, Joe Biden. 2016 election. “Asking for a favour is not a crimi- a clear attempt at trying to win over A photographer captured what the The Democrats allege that Trump Linguists say using the same nal act; we frequently demand voters sceptical of the impeachment president had scribbled in a black wanted Ukraine to open a corrup- expression repeatedly is a way of lodg- things from foreign countries before proceedings. marker pen: “I want no quid pro tion investigation into Biden and his ing a specifi c idea in voters’ brains. giving them aid, like asking them to A sample of voters interviewed by quo.” — AFP R500m for no-show VIP aircraft

Even though no planes were ever supplied, a company wants hundreds of millions of rands from the military for their agreement

Sabelo Skiti an agreement between the depart- ment and the company. The depart- he department of defence ment would have to sign an agree- High-flyer: The controversial contract, which was said to provide two aircraft for then president Jacob Zuma could have to pay hun- ment with Adonai or settle. and deputy Kgalema Motlanthe, was delayed by secretary of defence, Dr Sam Gulube (below) who raised dreds of millions of rands Earlier this year, the department concerns about the procedures involved in awarding the tender to Adonai Aviation. Photo: Reuters Tto a company that won launched a new application — at the a controversial VIP air same court — which sought to get tlement, or, alternatively, a 10-year view on the matter. deal by the two lawyers. “I saw a legal travel contract seven years ago, even the agreement cancelled, and have it lease for one aircraft at R100-million One of the government sources and ethical opportunity to resolve a though no work was ever done after declared unenforceable. But this was per year. said the defence department was confl ict that made commercial sense the award. dismissed with costs. The department has offered to also concerned about possible mis- and I invested in it. I was guided by The department has been locked On Monday, Gulube confirmed reimburse Adonai for costs incurred representation within Adonai, and court rulings and felt I was on the in litigation with Adonai Aviation that he was in discussion with the or any damages ordered by the court. a possible confl ict of interest on the side of law. I am still open to any over the controversial contract — a national treasury over the contract part of the lawyers on Adonai’s side, discussion that’s legal, ethical and five-year lease for two aircraft to because the department no longer wo senior government Lesley Cohen and advocate Richard makes business sense … I hope this ferry dignitaries, starting in 2012. At has a need for it. sources have said that Solomon. matter is resolved in the most amica- the time, the contract was for about Previously, in 2015, he had writ- TGulube’s approach to treas- This is after the company’s major- ble manner possible.” R828-million. In today’s terms the ten to Parliament’s joint committee ury was a last resort after ity shareholders — Shamima Olulade The senior government source contract, which was dollar denomi- on defence for direction on how to pressure from Defence and Military and her husband Ade Olulade — said: “We’re told there is now a nated, is worth billions of rands. proceed with a proposed settlement Veterans Minister Nosiviwe Mapisa- were removed as directors and their fight between the people involved The aircraft were meant to be used of just over R200-million. This set- Nqakula to pay the R500-million set- shareholding was diluted to accom- in Adonai because it seems the law- for travel for former President Jacob tlement would otherwise be seen as tlement. One of the sources said: “He modate Elioworx, a company that yers have taken it over. They were Zuma and his then deputy Kgalema unauthorised and wasteful expendi- [Gulube] fears that came in to fund the litigation just involved in this matter for years but Motlanthe. ture, because no work was done. The he could be held months before it was concluded. introduced a funder just months Despite being awarded the work, proposed settlement was never car- responsible A copy of the funding agreement, before this thing went to court.” no contract was ever signed between ried out and the matter went to court. for fruitless concluded in February 2018, stipu- Cohen on Monday dismissed alle- the two parties because the then Gulube confirmed engagements and wasteful lated that Elioworx would pro- gations of confl ict, saying Elioworx newly appointed secretary of defence with treasury, but would not give fur- expenditure.” vide funding for the case — which and Nxumalo’s involvement was Dr Sam Gulube, raised a number of ther details. “I cannot say any more Gulube dis- sources with knowledge of the litiga- done at an “arm’s-length basis”, and issues with the contract in 2011. about the engagements with treas- missed claims tion say is close to R2-million — in that he was introduced with the full These included Adonai not having ury because I am told there is a con- of pressure, return for 50% of the award. knowledge of Adonai Aviation. BEE scoring; the tender not being tempt of court application against saying Mapisa- The funding agreement also said “We are accordingly uncertain advertised; the company not having the department.” Nqakula had that Elioworx, as the new entity driv- what confl ict of interest you allege in a single jet; and the price being too The M&G has learned not off ered a ing the case, would appoint Cohen this fi rm’s role as legal representative high. that fresh settle- and Solomon as the new legal rep- of Adonai Aviation.” The Mail & Guardian has further ment negotiations resentatives on the case. This was He added: “There are numerous, learned that one of Adonai’s direc- between the despite the two having been involved far-ranging statements and innu- tors Masizi Masiza, was an employee department and in the litigation since 2015. endos in your email which seem of the South African Air Force at the Adonai occurred This critical misrepresentation, calculated to raise some spectre of time of the bid, and that this was this week. and the fact that the two lawyers impropriety, which is rejected out of never declared. The M&G advised both Adonai and Elioworx hand. We resist having to respond to Neither the department nor has seen cor- in the signing of the funding agree- speculative innuendos and decline Adonai’s attorneys responded to respondence ment has left them in a potentially from doing so. We remind you that questions on this. Masiza could not between Adonai confl icted position. the high court dealt with all issues in be reached for comment. and the depart- A CIPC search for Elioworx our client’s favour.” Last May, Adonai won a case in ment, in which the revealed only one director, 26-year- Treasury and the department of the Johannesburg high court, which company asks for old Zesimdumise Nxumalo, who this defence did not respond to detailed ordered that the award constituted R500-million as a set- week said he was introduced to the questions. Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 19

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www.investafrica.com 20 Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 Africa AKA, Burna Boy and the African

The two musicians once billed themselves as Nigerian nationals being attacked in an especially brutal fashion. pan-African pin-ups. What does their ugly “FUCK ALL THAT,” tweeted Burna spat say about the state of continental unity? Boy (real name: Damini Ogulu) to his two million-plus followers. “I personally have had my own xeno- NEWS ANALYSIS certified platinum in 2016; another, phobic experiences at the hands of Refiloe Seiboko & Simon Allison Baddest, is still one of the top 30 South Africans and because of that ... most played songs on South African I have not set foot in SA since 2017. ‘The green passport. Official travel radio despite being released in 2014. And I will NOT EVER go to South document of Nigeria, the most popu- Whether they realised it or not, Africa again for any reason until lous country in Africa. Entitles the their collaboration was always about the SOUTH AFRICAN government holder to extra scrutiny and harass- more than just the music. Against wakes the fuck up and really per- ment all over the world. Guaranteed. the backdrop of tense relations forms a miracle because I don’t know Have mine if you want to find out for between Nigeria and South Africa, how they can possibly fix this.” yourself.” — A History of Nigeria, a the image of a South African rapper In the Twitter storm that followed, documentary by Jide Olanrewaju and a Nigerian afrobeats star work- someone brought up comments that Naij, as sampled in Burna Boy’s ing together — succeeding together AKA (real name: Kiernan Forbes, African Giant. — became a powerful symbol of 21st four million-plus followers) had century pan-Africanism. made after South Africa’s national ot so long ago, when As Rhodes University lecturer football team lost to Nigeria’s Super AKA and Burna Boy Siphokazi Magadla wrote in the Mail Pan-Africanist: Burna Boy vowed never to vist South Africa again after a Eagles. “Why do we always have to were mentioned & Guardian in May, about similar spate of xenophobic violence. Photo: Joseph Okpako/WireImage lose against Naija at EVERYTHING,” Ntogether it was almost cross-border collaborations: “These AKA had said, apparently sharing always in the context of elite artists are showing us that if But as the relationship between the against the backdrop of another Burna’s predilection for caps lock. their chart-topping collaborations. Africans in different sectors are able two musicians has disintegrated — wave of xenophobic violence in South Burna’s response was unforgiving. The two musicians won several to work together across countries fraying in the harsh, relentless glare Africa. Although some of the violence “...it’s Fuck @akaworldwide from awards for the songs they wrote and more easily, we stand to benefit in of social media — so too has that was real, there was plenty of fake now on. And if you down with him, performed together. One of their economic, social and creative ways symbol. news too, including several graphic it’s Fuck you too.” biggest hits, All Eyes On Me, was that propel us forward.” The trouble began in September, videos that purported to show Who is the real revolutionary?

COMMENT million “followers”, it is easy to Kwanele Sosibo assume the mantle of “leadership”. In a musician’s terms in present- So much can change within the day South Africa, “leadership” space of a generation, but perhaps really means speaking only when even more within the space of spoken to, flashing your inked Welcome a few months. It was only a few thumb at strategic moments, then months ago, in May, on election flashing your life for “followers” day, that South African President to live vicariously through in the Cyril Ramaphosa and rapper intervening years. The subtextual AKA were playing buddies on message is that you too can attain to the Instagram live, showing off their this level of access and success if inked thumbs to each other, you only “vote right”. You too can imploring the youths to vote and become an honorary politician, vote “right” (nudge, nudge). throw money at a few causes and Perhaps wrapped up in focus on the business of largely R Ramaphoria, AKA’s platitudes to self-referential rap music. epublic the “president of all presidents” With free and fair elections still sounded pretty much like a long- something of a reality in South distance Christmas message, with Africa, it is easy for the likes of AKA certain that his Santa Claus AKA to be petulant on social would lead us to “prosperity for media and turn their endorse- S the next five years”. ment of the ruling party on and The unemployment statis- off like a communal tap. Just like of exual tics continue to tell a different for Burna Boy it is easy to leverage story, as do the malcontents of your global visibility and mobility Jeppestown when they take to the for a revolutionary posture. All streets to perform their own brand you have to do is spout inflamma- A of outsiderness. On the hills of tory rhetoric without bothering to buse Kensington, they say you can hear check the most basic of facts, and their stomach grumblings morph then play into the hands of self- into war cries, bouncing off the serving politicians (such as the cracked window panes of hostel Economic Freedom Fighters, who An exhibition for good halls. have defended Burna Boy’s right After Burna Boy’s fake news- to appear at the Africans Unite 26 Nov to 10 Dec inspired outburst, his refusal to concert). apologise for his misguided tweets, In other locales, the time for The Zone Rosebank Shop LG05 and rumours that the Africans tantrums between the beatings is Unite concert he was about to limited. Ask Ugandan parliamen- appear in this weekend was state- tarian Bobi Wine — who made sponsored, AKA — the ANC’s his name as a musician — about favoured mascot — is “NEVER the long tentacles of dictator- getting involved in Politics ever ship in Uganda; or rapper Pilato again. On any level,” as he tweeted in Zambia, what it is like to miss in a meltdown on November 16. He your country, only to return to a cited “silence from my own leader- jail cell? RepublicOfSexualAbuse.co.za | #GetOurCountryBack ship”, and a realisation that, in all Not to delegitimise self-expres- this time, he had not been led but sion as a form of struggle, but next @WelcomeToRSA “been left to lead”. time we are uniting Africans over Of course, in the days of social the issues of the day, could we cast media, which can amplify storms our nets wider than our Twitter in tea cups for retweets from a few feeds. Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 21 unity concert that wasn’t

Fela in Versace Mandela in a ’Rari Rubber bands, where you get em from? Motherland, Mzansi — Fela in Versace, AKA ft. Kiddominant

Fela Kuti was not the first to mix music with pan-Africanism, but he was arguably the most effec- tive. Decades later, the pioneer of Afrobeat — related, but different from Burna Boy’s Afrobeats — is still an icon across the continent. Although many claim some con- nection to Fela, Burna Boy’s is more intimate than most. His grandfather, Benson Idonije, was a close friend of Kuti and even managed him for some time. Fela’s teachings come through strongly in Burna’s albums, especially on his most recent. African Giant was released in July this year, and dwells on stories of the black African experience with regards to colonisation and cul- tural identity. A prelude to the song Another Story is a clip from Naij’s documentary, which explains how today’s Nigerian state began as a privately-owned company: “Nigeria started off as a business deal for them, between a company and [the British government]. Incidentally, the Niger Company is still around today. Only it is known by a different name, Unilever. But that’s another story.” The artist soon had to come up with another story to his Twitter out- burst in September though because, yes, he would in fact be setting foot in South Africa again — on his terms. Patriot games: Burna Boy and AKA (above) have had a number of hits He announced he was going to head- together, however their relationship has soured over a series of tweets. line Africans Unite, a new concert, The Economic Freedom Fighters’ Julius Malema took Burna Boy’s side; in an effort to promote unity on the meanwhile, AKA is a fan of ANC President Cyril Ramaphosa (below). continent. Photos: Frennie Shivambu/Gallo Images and AKA/Instagram AKA was not impressed: “I would love to attend this show and watch had already lost control of the nar- Despite this, the two artists at the this man put his hands on me in my rative. Last week, Malatji’s Tshwane heart of this debate appear to be on own country,” he said. Burna Boy Entertainment Collective sent an the peace train now, albeit without responded by telling AKA to beef up open letter to arts and culture min- having actually made peace between his security. ister Nathi Mthethwa, complaining themselves. The Africans Unite concert about “hate speech and incitement “Please my people, there should was scheduled for this weekend, by Burna Boy” and inadequate “pro- never be a South Africa vs Nigeria November 23 and 24. Since it was tection of local artists”. The col- war or any African country vs African announced, it appeared to have lective urged patrons who bought country war Ever. We must unite the opposite of its intended effect, tickets to seek refunds, and warned by any means for the future of our attracting support and derision in that should their calls be ignored an children n their children. I want a equal measure. “unavoidable shutdown” would take united African passport that will be One high-profile supporter was a place. as powerful as the [United States] certain Julius Malema, the leader of So much for African unity. passport,” Burna tweeted late last South African opposition party the Despite making his reputation week. Economic Freedom Fighters. on pan-African cross-border col- Shortly afterwards, AKA tweeted: “Looking forward to receiving and laborations, even AKA’s world view “I think it’s gone far enough now, being entertained by my brother appears to have narrowed. “Let NO apology or not. We cannot afford for [Burna Boy] here at his home called ONE deter you from your patriot- South Africans and Nigerians to con- South Africa. There’s no mascot that ism. PROTECT your COUNTRY and tinue with this type of energy. This can stop him from performing, he’s it’s REPUTATION at ALL COSTS … will not end well … Don’t let politi- one of our own and we will protect You are BLESSED to be a SOUTH cians hijack this issue and use it for him. We must resolutely oppose AFRICAN,” he tweeted. their own agendas. It will be taken to regionalism led by political illiter- a level that there will be no turning ates ... South Africa is a home for all More or less, more yawa back from.” Africans.” Less people power He later added: “I am NEVER get- To his credit, Malema has been Same shit, Ghana ting involved in Politics ever again. consistent in his condemnation of Naija, man tire On any level.” xenophobia in South Africa. But — Another Story, Burna Boy ft. But he may not have a choice. AKA there may have been some politi- a micro level, the same xenophobic he presumed came with it — should M.anifest and Burna Boy were pin-ups for pan- cal points-scoring happening at the tensions that caused this controversy have been directed towards local Africanism, and neither was shy of same time: AKA has been vocal sup- in the first place. businesses. “The truth is, the state On Wednesday, just days before the using its language and symbols to porter of South Africa’s ruling party, Malatji was upset because the is funding, without due process, Africans Unite concert was due to shift records and boost their own the African National Congress. Africans Unite concert appeared to events that don’t even align with the begin, it was cancelled. Burna Boy profiles. Now, for better or worse, One of the biggest critics of Burna have been endorsed by the South national development plan at all,” he had pulled out. The event organisers their enormous influence means that Boy’s proposed concert came from African arts and culture depart- said. said that although they remain com- they have come to define 21st century a Tshwane-based event organiser ment (concert branding carried the The department has denied fund- mitted to bringing Africans together pan-Africanism in popular culture called Katlego Malatji. Ironically, his department’s logo). He thought that ing the event, and said that their logo as one, “the safety of all artists and — and to embody its tensions and critique seemed to encapsulate, at this support — and the funding that was used “erroneously”. But they attendees could not be guaranteed”. limitations. 22 Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 Africa THE BIG PICTURE / Mufananidzo mukuru / Aworan ńlá / As-surat al-kabira CONTINENTAL DRIFT

Reporter’s case delayed again A court hearing for Tanzanian journalism Erick Kabandera was postponed on Wednesday — for the eighth time. Prosecutors keep telling the court that investigations are not complete. Kabandera was charged in August with involvement in organised crime, money laundering and failing to pay taxes, but rights groups and other journalists say the charges are politically motivated and represent an attack on freedom of expression in Tanzania.

Police disrupt Chamisa speech A planned speech by Zimbabwean opposition leader Nelson Chamisa was disrupted by police, who used tear gas and batons to disperse the crowd waiting outside the Movement for Democratic Change headquarters in Harare. This is the latest of several opposition party gatherings to be blocked by authori- ties this year. “What this tells you is that we [have] a rogue regime. What this tells you is that we are in a pariah state,” Chamisa said. “When you see a regime that is so scared of its own people, you must know that the end is nigh.”

Tense poll in Ethiopia Members of Ethiopia’s Sidama minority voted on Wednesday in Guard duty: Mauritanian soldiers with the G5 Sahel joint force at a command post in the southeast of the country near the border with Mali. The G5 a self-determination referendum Sahel region consists of Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger and the institution was set up to co-ordinate co-operation in development that could see the group be granted policies and security matters. The joint forces are at the heart of a push to win over grassroots support in Mauritania, with authorities ramping up autonomous powers. About 2.3-mil- security operations and infrastructure to curb militancy. But the soldiers with the member countries are battling to limit the attacks. They have to lion voters were registered at nearly cover vast distances in harsh circumstances and the joint force is quite a small one. Photo: Thomas Samsom/AFP 1 700 polling stations. Ethiopia’s Constitution grants the right to seek autonomy to its more than 80 ethnic groups. More than a dozen groups are considering following in Sidama’s footsteps. The referendum Gold rush destabilises central Sahel is also seen as a trial run for next year’s general election States need to assert should either deploy their security Dubai nabs Nigerian official forces near the sites (but not neces- Former Nigerian attorney general control over the sarily in the mines themselves), or Mohammed Adoke was arrested in artisanal mining sector, give local, non-state actors a more Dubai in connection with a $1.3-bil- official role and better supervision lion sale of a Nigerian oil field in which is being secured as they secure mining zones. In 2011 — a deal that prosecutors say by local armed groups either case, site security arrange- was corrupt. Nigerian authorities ments should be accompanied by issued a warrant for his arrest ear- governance mechanisms to prevent lier this year. Adoke’s lawyers said COMMENT predation by those forces securing the arrest in Dubai was based on an International Crisis Group mines, which would push gold min- expired warrant, and is demanding ers towards armed groups hostile to his client’s release. n the central Sahelian countries the state. of Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger, In areas in which states can exer- African fauna at risk armed groups have been seiz- cise authority without extensive A third of tropical plants in Africa Iing gold-mining sites in areas in security measures, they should are at risk of extinction, a new which the state is weak or absent. adopt measures to formalise some report claims. Authors of the study, Artisanal gold mining has boomed in artisanal mining, for instance issu- published in the Science Advances the region ever since the 2012 discov- ing individual gold-mining permits open-access journal, say this is ery of a Saharan vein stretching from and setting up gold trading posts. mainly because of people’s activi- Sudan to Mauritania and the attacks Seeking his fortune: Artisanal gold miner Mamadou Diarra pans for gold By offering tax benefits or basic ties such as deforestation, land-use on gold mines have been occurring in Kalana in southern Mali. Small-scale mining in the Sahel region has services, states can show their value changes, population growth and for the past three years. been under attack by armed groups. Photo: Joe Penney/Reuters to miners. economic activities, which contrib- Gold mines provide armed groups, Regional governments should ute to climate change. Trees, shrubs, in some cases including jihadists, tion of gold resources. States thus Two recent attacks that killed also find a balance between allow- herbs and woody vines are all a risk. with a new source of funding and tolerate, or even encourage, the for- more than 60 civilians working in ing larger companies to industrialise “Biodiversity provides countless even terrain from which to recruit. mation of local, non-state, armed the gold-mining sector in Burkina sites, thereby generating revenue benefits to humans and losing diver- Informal networks in the region are groups to whom they delegate — Faso — the first against an artisanal for the state, and preserving areas sity jeopardises our future,” said one increasingly involved in smuggling informally, for now — the responsi- site in the north west last month and for artisanal gold mining and thus researcher. the precious metal. Artisanal mining bility of securing the mines. the other near an industrial site in ensuring that miners do not lose thus risks fuelling violence and rein- But such measures have major the east earlier this month — show their livelihoods. Somali peace activist killed forcing transnational crime. limitations: the authorities’ ability the violence is becoming more acute. Regional states should exert Almas Elman Ahmed, a Somali Sahelian states should take steps to regulate mining sites, even indi- The growth of artisanal gold min- greater control over gold-trading Canadian human rights worker to formalise artisanal gold min- rectly, crumbles as security deterio- ing threatens the state in other ways. networks to reduce the risk of money and former first secretary at ing, while avoiding alienating min- rates and armed groups challenge The financial stakes involved have laundering and funding of armed Somalia’s embassy in Kenya, was ers. They should redouble efforts state authority in parts of the region. become considerable in recent years. groups. They should harmonise their killed by gunmen in Mogadishu to secure mining areas, while In this context, armed groups of all This has encouraged the creation of regulatory frameworks and develop on Wednesday. She was shot while ensuring that the forces doing so, stripes can gain greater autonomy informal local, regional and inter- specific financial mechanisms driving in Halane, a fortified United whether security forces or allied by exploiting gold resources, increas- national smuggling networks. Such to promote the transport of gold Nations compound in the city. It militias, avoid predatory behaviour. ingly bypassing the state. networks can help finance armed through formal — rather than infor- was not immediately clear whether Governments in the Sahel and those groups, including those engaging mal — private or public networks. she was a target or was hit by a stray countries that buy its gold should in terrorism, and encourage money The United Arab Emirates (specifi- bullet. She died in hospital. Elman is strengthen their regulation of trade laundering in the region as traffick- cally, Dubai), Switzerland and China, the daughter of another prominent in the metal. Gold mines provide ers interfere in the artisanal gold the main importers of Sahelian gold, peace activist, Elman Ali Ahmed, States in the region are struggling armed groups … economy. should strengthen their legal frame- who was shot and killed in 1996. Her to secure gold mines. Security forces Although local dynamics vary works for gold imports. sister, Ilwad Elman, was short-listed are reluctant to deploy personnel with a new source across the Sahel, the authorities in for the Nobel peace prize in October. in rural areas where their presence of funding and each country can take steps to return This is an edited excerpt from the Almas worked with the Elman is contested. In addition, they lack even terrain from to mining areas and prevent armed ‘Getting a Grip on Central Sahel’s Centre for Peace and Human Rights resources to deal with non-state, groups from seizing resources: Gold Rush’ report, available on the in Mogadishu. — Briefs sourced from armed actors’ violent appropria- which to recruit In high-risk mining areas, states International Crisis Group website BBC and Reuters Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 23 Business The ugly face of Beautiful City

The factory owners took advantage of their foreign workers’ precarious status

Thando Maeko

n a small blanket laid on the tarred ground in Village Deep in Osouthern Johannes- burg, a man shuffles a deck of cards and shares them with a group of about 10 others. The men have been sitting underneath shade cloth in a disused parking lot across from the premises of the ironically named blanket factory, Beautiful City. They had been there for a week, one of the men said when the Mail & Guardian visited the industrial area earlier this week. Most of the facto- ries appeared to be deserted. “There’s another boss who’s a Chinese [person] who told us to wait here because maybe we will see something,” said 32-year-old, Mphatso Phiri*. “We are just like security, we don’t work here.” Beautiful City was busted and shut down by the Hawks and the depart- ment of labour on November 12 for allegedly having violated South African immigration legislation, by- laws and health regulations, and for employing child labour. The com- pany’s sole director, 32-year-old Shih Hellish working conditions: The Beautiful City factory (above) Shen, was arrested during the raid, was raided by the department of labour earlier this month and as were five other Chinese citizens six people were arrested. Workers, who were allegedly illegally and one Taiwanese citizen. employed, used imported rags (left) to make the cotton inners of The report into the factory com- blankets . Photo: Delwyn Verasamy piled by the department of labour, and seen by the M&G, also says Shih Mogale said the factory has been and, therefore, managed to escape failed to report several workplace operating for the past four years. the authorities. injuries: one employee had one of his Documents from the Companies and When asked who was paying him fingers cut off, another had his hand Intellectual Properties Commission and the other men for their services burned and a third was losing his (CIPC) show that the factory was, as security guards for the factory, he eyesight. Further workplace injuries however, first registered only in 2017, reluctantly replied, “The big boss.” have been detailed in a statement by with Xiaolong Guo named as its sole Phiri denied children were the department of labour. director. The change in director- employed at Beautiful City. “You see Employees were made to work in ship was enacted in March this year, this one?” he said, pointing to one the dark with minimal or no ventila- three months after the South African of the other men close to him. “He’s tion. The department of labour said Revenue Services (Sars) issued the short and he looks 14 [years old] but workers were not given contracts or business with a value-added tax he is actually 23 [years old]. A lot of information regarding remunera- (VAT) certificate. Malawians look short.” tion and they worked excessive hours Mogale would not disclose the Phiri said that they had been guard- without being paid overtime. factory’s turnover but the issuing ing the premises for a week “just in The workers were required to work sible for customs tariff investiga- Malawian citizens who were found of the VAT-certificate by Sars this case someone comes and jumps the in dreadful conditions, earning R6.50 tions, trade remedies, and import on the premises. He added that, year could indicate that the factory gate and steals something”. an hour, or R65 a day. They worked and export control. The permit as well as breaching the National had been generating high revenues He confirmed that the machines 10 hours a day, seven days a week allows the company to import “new Minimum Wage Act, the employer over the past year. According to the that workers would be operating and had no leave. Their wages were or old rags” from any country to a also violated the Occupational Sars website, it is compulsory for a were dangerous and compared the three times less than the national value not exceeding R450 000. Health and Safety Act and Basic business to register for VAT if it is conditions to working in the bush. minimum wage of R20 an hour. When the M&G arrived at the fac- Conditions of Employment Act. likely to generate an income that Phiri said if an injury occurred dur- The National Minimum Wage Act tory, we found that the rags that “It is alleged that one of the exceeds R1-million over a 12-month ing working hours and the doctor was proclaimed in December 2018 were used by the factory when it was Malawian citizens in this company period. A business generating an was unable to come to the factory and came into effect from January still operating were abandoned and got injured and his hand was cut income exceeding R50 000 within then he would be the person respon- 1 this year. The failure of the factory stacked up in piles outside the high, off by a machine. Instead of seek- a 12-month period may voluntarily sible for taking the injured worker to owner to comply with the Act over steel gates of the business. The gates ing medical help from a recognised register for VAT. hospital. the past 10 months prompted the of the factory had been shut by the public health facility, the Chinese Documents from the department “Those machines are dangerous. department of labour to slap him department of labour after the raid. employer brought in a Chinese doc- of labour describe Shih as a Chinese It’s the same [as using] a panga or with penalties and a compliance tor to the premises and refused to let citizen, and Mogale said the Hawks an axe if you are working in the order amounting to R6.3-million. auteng’s chief labour the injured Malawian … seek medi- suspect that Shih, who was in posses- bush. You don’t know if you [will] The department of labour said it inspector, Michael Msiza, cal help,” Msiza said. sion of a South African ID book at the get injured: you just come to work,” would collect the funds on behalf Gsaid in a statement that The crackdown came after the time of his arrest, might be falsifying Phiri said. of the employees, 37 of whom are information obtained by Hawks received a tip-off from one his identity. “They [the injured] would be gone believed to be children under the age the department was that the work- of the workers, who managed to Phiri, who was the only one willing for three weeks or a month. Then of 15. They have been accommodated ers were locked in the factory day escape the premises. The victim was to answer questions, albeit anony- they would come back to work.” at an undisclosed place of safety as and night. “When they wanted to one of the 149 undocumented for- mously, when the M&G visited the The suspects appeared in court on they are witnesses in the case. buy something they were expected to eign nationals employed by the com- site this week, denied that the fac- Thursday to apply for bail but the The factory manufactured the write it on a piece of paper for their pany. There was one South African tory was engaging in illegal activi- case was postponed to November 28. inner cotton of blankets using recy- bosses to buy it for them.” employee. Only 78 people — who ties, including human trafficking. He They remain in custody. cled clothing. It was granted an Msiza said that a worker who had were found covered in fluff from the claimed he and the others had previ- *Not his real name import permit in June from the managed to escape from the fac- fibres they worked with — were on ously worked at the factory and knew International Trade Administration tory alleged that the employers site during the raid: the rest escaped. how it worked. On the day of the Thando Maeko is an Adamela Trust Commission (Itac), which is respon- were engaged in the trafficking of Hawks spokesperson Katlego raid, he was not scheduled to work Business Fellow at the M&G 24 Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 Business BIZ BRIEFS

FirstRand to vote on climate FirstRand’s shareholders will vote SAA’s options seem limited at its AGM on November 28 on a set of climate-risk-related share- holder resolutions proposed by the Business rescue is Raith Foundation and shareholder- activist nonprofi t organisation Just unlikely to work for a SAA in the red Share. Resolution fi ve proposes state-owned airline, How much Treasury says SAA’s debt and that FirstRand prepares a report on its assessment of its exposure to say experts. But the losses are costing the country climate-related risks in its lending, government has no SAA’s outstanding Cumulative losses investing and fi nancing activities. Resolution six proposes that the government guaranteed over past 13 years money for bailouts debt.R9.2bn Government will have bank should adopt its policy on lending to fossil fuel-related pro- to pay this over the Tshegofatso Mathe R28bn jects, including coal-fi red power next three years plants, coal-mining operations and ith the govern- if SAA’s lenders oil and gas exploration and produc- ment indicating don’t extend tion projects and publicly disclose that it no longer terms this on its website by no later than Whas the funds to October next year. Raith and Just support SAA — Share said they proposed these reso- which has debts of R9.2-billion after lutions because climate change is receiving bailouts of R20-billion over Total amount already aff ecting millions of people the past three years — and with union Bailout in around the world. “Every day we attitudes to the carrier hardening, is R42.7bn current year see further warnings of imminent business rescue an option? catastrophe ... [Despite] 40 years of This week, Minister of Public global climate negotiations, with Enterprises Pravin Gordhan con- R5.5bn few exceptions, we have generally fi rmed that there is no money avail- conducted business as usual and able to loan or fund the troubled Graphic: JOHN McCANN Data source: MEDIUM TERM BUDGET POLICY STATEMENT (OCT 2019) have largely failed to address this airline. He told parliamentarians on predicament.” Wednesday that SAA might not even be able to pay salaries at the end of Investec subsidiary to rebrand this month. Investec Asset Management is On Tuesday Gordhan had met changing its name to Ninety One, unions, the South African Cabin in an ode to the year 1991 when Crew Association (Sacca) and the the fi rm fi rst opened its doors. The National Union of Metalworkers renaming will be rolled out in the of South Africa (Numsa) to discuss fi rst quarter of next year following general issues but declined to dis- the demerger of the asset man- cuss wage demands, saying that this ager from the Investec Group. The was a matter for the unions and SAA company said that the demerger is management. subject to the approval of the share- On Wednesday, Air Chefs, SAA’s holders of Investec Plc and Investec on-fl ight caterer, served SAA with a Ltd. The fi rm manages more than notice to join the striking workers. R2-trillion for institutional and In a media briefing on Thursday, adviser clients globally. “The new union Solidarity said that it had fi led name, Ninety One, recognises the court papers with SAA and the minis- fi rm’s history, while the brand ters of fi nance and public enterprises proposition refl ects the forward- as respondents, asking the court to looking, resilient and agile nature of put SAA into business rescue. the business,” the group said. Solidarity said last year it would bring an application for business res- SAB BEE scheme worth R14bn cue, but paused its application after South African Breweries (SAB) negotiations and reaching an agree- Zenzeles broad-based black ment, first with former SAA chief economic empowerment (BEE) executive Vuyani Jarana and then scheme is close to generating almost with Gordhan. R14-billion for its benefi ciaries over Solidarity’s Dirk Hermann said the its 10-year investment period, which union is profoundly aware of the cri- Grounded: SAA is in a precarious position with no hope of a further state bailout. Photo: Delwyn Verasamy ends in April next year. The scheme sis SAA fi nds itself in, but business is the biggest in the country’s rescue is preferable because liquida- said, adding that any airline is only ment can either continue to bail SAA impossible task. Even more so with fast-moving consumer goods tion will have huge consequences for as good as the number of tickets it is out or ground it permanently. the added complexity of it being the sector. The scheme is intended to employees, the South African econ- selling. Aviation lawyer Chris Christo- state-owned airline,” he said. create sustainable ownership and omy and for taxpayers. He said that is why the current doulou agreed with Van der Merwe, SAA has failed to table its fi nancials economic wealth opportunities for “In all, 11 000 workers will lose their impasse at SAA is potentially so saying the underlying premise of put- on time for the second year running. previously disadvantaged people, jobs and a debt burden of billions of destructive for the airline. “I can ting a company into business rescue Non-executive board member Martin transferring 8.45% of SAB shares rands will have to be absorbed by the guarantee you, nobody’s booking is that it must be capable of being Kingston told Parliament’s standing to more than 40 000 shareholders. treasury if there is no radical inter- tickets now for the December holiday rescued within a short period of time. committee on public accounts earlier Benefi ciaries are the SAB Zenzele vention. A business rescue applica- or maybe the Easter holiday next year The aim of business rescue is to give this month that SAA does not have Employee Trust, for the benefi t tion is the only remaining option to or the international trip early next the company time to implement a access to liquidity and is technically of SAB employees; SAB Zenzele limit the damage,” he said. year; nobody’s booking because they turnaround plan. insolvent, creating a major threat to Holdings Limited, for the black But business rescue expert, Dawie do not know if SAA will be around,” “My opinion is in this case [is that] the company and, more broadly, to retailers of beer and soft drinks; and van der Merwe, director of business he said. probably no amount of that short the larger economy. the SAB Foundation Trust, which restructuring at BDO, said putting Van der Merwe said when you time will work and will avail the com- He added that the board has writ- supports entrepreneurship in low- the cash-strapped airline into busi- place an airline into business rescue pany of the remedies of a business ten letters to its shareholders — the income communities. ness rescue will not save it. you have to accept that there may be rescue,” Christodoulou said. treasury and the department of pub- “Always when I speak to people, I no sales, and if you have no sales, you He said the process needs a work- lic enterprises — advising them of its Coca-Cola cuts down on plastic say business rescue is not a remedy have no business. able plan and the time to implement situation and the risks involved. From next year, Coca-Cola in for all ills. You have to know when it He added that on top of potential it. “In this case, I think time is not Kingston said the department of Sweden will manufacture all of its is the applicable tool and when it is low sales during a business rescue the problem: it’s the restructuring public enterprises has confirmed plastic bottles from 100%-recycled not. And I’m of the view that business process, SAA’s large workforce will be that’s required, [which] is more than its ongoing support of SAA, but the material. The company announced rescue is not the right tool for SAA,” a challenge for business practitioners just keeping creditors at bay for six airline is yet to receive formal con- earlier this week that it would start he said. to deal with. months. So business rescue is prob- firmation from the treasury as to using polyethylene terephthalate Van der Merwe said business res- “The airline has a big workforce ably not going to give the airline a whether the financial assistance it (PET) bottles, becoming the fi rst cue is designed to be an in-between and that problem doesn’t go away in turnaround or save it.” requires to continue trading will be country worldwide to do so. Coca- solution for businesses that are fi nan- business rescue: you still have your Van der Merwe said that the lack forthcoming. Cola said the move would eliminate cially distressed, but he does not employees and they still need to be of assets could be a problem because Kingston said SAA cannot secure the use of about 3 500 tonnes of new think it will work for an airline, and paid,” Van der Merwe said. 99.9% of aviation companies and air- additional loans from lenders with- plastic annually. The decision is in most certainly not for a state-owned “Under business rescue, there will lines don’t own their own aircraft. out a full sovereign guarantee from line with Coca-Cola’s goals to reduce airline, because there are “heaps of be a dramatic drop in your revenue “So, you may even run the risk that the government. The cash-strapped carbon dioxide emissions. The envi- complexities”. … because people aren’t booking,” he institutions that fi nanced the acquisi- airline could access a R2-billion loan ronmentally friendly bottles will “Business rescue of airlines is noto- said. “So you are, if you’re running at tion of some of the aircraft may sim- from banks, but only if it obtains this be rolled out across the Coca-Cola, riously diffi cult. I mean, think about a loss at the moment, placing the air- ply want them back,” he said. guarantee. Fanta, Sprite and Bonaqua brands, it: are people going to buy a ticket on line into business rescue … is going “It’s one of the sectors or indus- as well as 40 other brands. The an airline that’s in business rescue?” to increase your defi cit exponentially tries that I don’t think is capable of a Tshegofatso Mathe is an Adamela group uses 128-billion PET bottles a he asked. and who’s going to fund that?” good business rescue. I’m happy to be Trust business reporter at the Mail & year globally, of which 205-million “Nobody’s going to do that,” he Van der Merwe said the govern- proven wrong. But I think it’s a near Guardian are in Sweden, Reuters reported. Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 25 23871

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Nedbank Ltd Reg No 1951/000009/06. Authorised financial services and registered credit provider (NCRCP16). 26 Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 Business Nampak sends a surprise package to Eskom ...... but the packager’s share price has been on a downward trajectory since 2015 Ground zero André de Ruyter appointed as CEO designate from Jan 1 2014. André R50 Nampak share price closes that week at R40.92 de Ruyter (Friday Jan 3 2014) 40 Share price almost reaches R45 but closes at R44.84 with Eskom’s (Friday Nov 28 2014) 30 De Ruyter takes over as CEO on Apr 1 20 2014. Share De Ruyter price closes at R37 If this trend continues, that Friday (Apr 4 2014) would the share price 10 fall to zero in De Ruyter announced as Eskom CEO. early 2021? Share price closes at R7.35 that day (Nov 18 2019) 0 The former head of stressed Nampak has been 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 brought in to set right the floundering utility Graphic: JOHN McCANN Data sources: NAMPAK, JSE

Kevin Davie But at least we are getting him tinued to be handsomely rewarded, ble way, making sure that we deliver of delays, of all sorts of challenges cheaply? Public Enterprises Minister De Ruyter pocketing R51-million in a value to shareholders is going to be that crop up and eventually depress un a straight line down Pravin Gordhan said in a statement three-year period. a challenge. We are very well posi- the IRR [internal rate of return] the Nampak share price announcing De Ruyters’s appoint- Shareholder activist Theo Botha tioned both in terms of markets as that you’re able to achieve on such a graph and you’ll find it ment from January 15 2020, that he told the FM that executive incentives well as our execution capability to project.” Rhits zero as early as the “would like to thank Mr de Ruyter were kept high, despite the poor per- meet these challenges in the right De Ruyter moved to Nampak the end of next year. This is for not only accepting this position at formance, by the remuneration com- way. following year and so cannot be held from a high in April 2014, when the a diffi cult time for Eskom, but, given mittee, which lowered the targets “So first of all, let me draw your responsible for the delays and huge packaging company was trading at Eskom’s current fi nancial situation, used to calculate bonuses “in each of attention to the cracker, as I men- cost overruns, which have plagued R42 a share, having slumped by 80% also agreeing to a lower compensa- the last three years”. tioned. That is 1.55-million tons, what is now a $13-billion project. The to R7.40 this week. tion package than the position cur- Scroll back a few years before De truly world scale. I think it is right Sasol board at the end of October this This straight-line exercise has rel- rently pays”. Ruyter joined Nampak and we fi nd there at the size limitation. However, year fired its joint chief executives evance as Nampak’s chief executive, The previous incumbent him as a Sasol group executive cham- we are not taking a scale of risk. We Bongani Nqwababa and Stephen Andre de Ruyter, is named as the Phakamani Hadebe, who quit in July pioning the ambitious Lake Charles have taken a design that has already Cornell, and acknowledged that Lake man to fi x Eskom. indicating that the job had been bad project in Louisiana to investors on been executed, so essentially, an off - Charles had tarnished the whole Most of Nampak’s problems — for his health, earned R6.8-million April 9 2013 in New York. the-shelf design that we are going to company. fl at growth in South Africa and cur- in 2018/2019. The pay cut may play “This is a unique opportunity for take and implement. It’s been done rency rationing in its key markets of well to Eskom’s wider constituency Sasol. It is, as [chief executive] David before, so we are not taking undue asked a colleague of De Ruyter’s Nigeria and Angola, which starved given that its bloated wage bill is [Constable] said, an opportunity to scale at risk on that. who had worked with him at the company of much-needed funds seen as one of its key problems, but spend three quarters of our market De Ruyter put the total capital cost ISasol what his strengths are. “He to service debt — were created ahead De Ruyter has not been leading by capitalisation, significantly grow of the project between $5-billion and knew coal contracts originally at of his arrival at that company. example on the pay front. this business in a very short period $7-billion. Sasol, then ran gas development in This too is the case of his arrival The Financial Mail reported in of time and build up Sasol to a really “The question is: How do we build Mozambique and chemicals over- at Eskom. The power utility’s legion January this year that even though higher level of performance both in this? And this is not a challenge that seas. A strategic procurement guy, of problems are well and truly Nampak shareholders had not terms of profitability and volume,” we take lightly, because if you look a bargainer. Will sort out coal pro- entrenched: what is needed is a turn- received a dividend for three years, he said. at megaprojects irrespective of curement, REIPP [renewable energy around artist, something which De and the share price was then less “But it also presents challenges. We where you are in the world, they independent power producers] price Ruyter has patently not managed in than one-third of what it was at the don’t underestimate that spending are very challenging. And they typi- excesses [and] corruption.” his present gig. end of 2014, Nampak executives con- this amount of money in a responsi- cally have a history of cost overruns, Gordhan said that a holder of various qualifi cations, including an LLB and MBA, the Pretoria-born De Ruyter “is an accomplished chief executive with deep and wide expe- Gordhan starves the Eskom piranhas riences in creating and managing highly-performing businesses”. “He spent more than 20 years with COMMENT being carried out and expired con- The report discloses that “a total “The investigation places specifi c petrochemicals group Sasol in a Kevin Davie tracts that were not advertised on of 257 new cases were reported focus on maladministration and number of senior management roles time. through whistleblowing channels corruption at various power sta- that gave him signifi cant global expo- We are used to seeing how law- If it looks like only those on during the current year. By the tions, including the construction sure in the energy and chemicals abiding people can quickly turn the inside were on the take, don’t end of March 31 … 118 investiga- of Medupi and Kusile through the industries. His portfolio included into looters picking up all they can forget that outsiders, led by global tions had been completed, of new-build programme,” Eskom’s overseeing work in the US, Nigeria, carry while hapless shopkeepers consultancies, gorged themselves which 79 relate to whistleblowing annual report says. It began in Angola, Mozambique, Germany and stand hopelessly by. in the looting fest. cases reported during prior years June last year and involves collabo- China.” But there are other looters. “Eskom has served notice on sev- and 39 to cases reported during ration with other state authorities Gordhan said De Ruyter will work Listen to the public enterprises eral companies and consultancy 2018/2019. such as the National Prosecuting with the Eskom board, management minister, Pravin Gordhan, who fi rms for improperly awarded “Approximately 40% of the Authority and the Asset Forfeiture and the government to spearhead told parliamentarians this week work. Already, Eskom has recov- completed investigations resulted Unit. the re-organisation of Eskom, which of a R27-billion invoice for work ered R1-billion from McKinsey and in sanctions, such as disciplinary Gordhan told Parliament’s public includes its separation into three on two of Eskom’s new plants. R600-million from Trillian,” the action, being recommended.” enterprises committee this week entities (generation, transmission But when it was interrogated by department of public enterprises’ An independent company has that 18 months after the clean-up and distribution) as well as the crea- fi nancial experts, it reduced to just roadmap states. done lifestyle audits on 365 senior was initiated, state capture still tion of Eskom Holdings. R2.7-billion. “Several other consultancies and employees, the annual report says, has its tentacles “in all of these “As things stand I am reassured Or, have you heard of the 131 suppliers are under scrutiny and and 12% cases have been handed entities”, explaining that once that there is committed and capa- Eskom employees who are alleged most recently Eskom has issued to the Special Investigating Unit corruption was allowed at the ble leadership at Eskom in the chief to have done business with their court papers against Deloitte (SIU) for further investigation. top of an organisation, it became financial officer (Calib Cassim) employer, acquiring wealth of Consulting for the setting aside of A total of 1 049 outstanding systemic. and the chief operating offi cer (Jan R5.7-billion in the process, as awards of contracts and recovery disciplinary cases relating to pro- The solution, he said, for those Oberholder), who, among others, detailed by the public enterprises of funds amounting to R207- curement breaches were who have collectively stolen have all been working tirelessly department in its road- million relating to work done dur- unattended to as at April 2018. R1-billion, is to appear in court and under the leadership of Jabu Mabuza map document, which lays out a ing 2016.” Of these, 1 004 were fi nalised by in orange overalls. He indicated over the past few months,” Gordhan better energy future for the coun- Eskom’s latest annual report also April 2019, culminating in 116 that another sweep was necessary. said. try. That’s R43.5-million each, lists insiders caught in the feed- employee exits. A functioning prosecuting “I am confi dent that [De Ruyter] assuming the spoils were equally ing frenzy. It says: “No offi cial or Then there are 341 cases of fraud, authority, and some of the klepto- will lead a committed and capable shared. employee is allowed to do business corruption and irregularities that crats nattily dressed in orange, will management team that will work After a visit to the Medupi and with Eskom while being employed are under investigation. undoutbtedly help, but equally the with him and the board to take Kusile power stations in October, by Eskom or its subsidiaries. Eskom says investigations and challenge will be, as the depart- Eskom forward.” the standing committee on public Through an audit process, reme- disciplinary actions led to the ment of public enterprises’s road- Nampak’s disappearing share accounts reported governance and dial action has been taken against departure of 18 executives and sen- map sets out, to establish a new, value suggests that De Ruyter had, at contract management problems, 25 employees who were identifi ed ior managers. independent, transparent and best, a limited horizon at the packag- including employees doing busi- as having business interests in sup- The SIU is also investigating competitive platform to source ing company. ness with Eskom, no paper trail pliers. Seven of these cases have maladministration at Eskom after electricity from multiple suppliers, Could the fact that Eskom is in most instances to verify supply resulted in employee exits; the January 1 2010 in terms of a proc- big and small, that will hopefully already at ground zero suggest that chain management processes, remainder have relinquished their lamation signed by President Cyril keep the system as a whole honest, the only way for the utility under De payments made without work business interests.” Ramaphosa. and thieves and looters at bay. Ruyter’s leadership is up, or is this hoping for too much? Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 27 Comment& Analysis DA, EFF lack the muscle to keep ANC in check

And their travails strengthen the scoundrel hand of the anti-Ramaphosa wing of the ruling party

Ironically, when she stepped down in 2015 it was because she was insist- Richard Calland ent that the DA needed a black leader if it was to advance further. Zille 2019 is a different political olitics is a tough business. proposition from Zille 2015. Her Not long after his recent trenchant positions on, among other resignation as Demo- things, colonialism and her Trumpite Pcratic Alliance leader, promiscuity on Twitter has devalued Mmusi Maimane took an her brand and sullied her reputation. economy class seat on a Cape Town The biggest task for John to Johannesburg flight immediately Steenhuisen, the newly elected behind former Springbok captain (interim) leader of the party, will be Jean de Villiers, who, with charac- to convince a wide range of people teristic aplomb, greeted Maimane in the electoral marketplace that he with the words: “Hey Mmusi, busi- is not Zille’s lackey and that he is the ness class on the way in, economy leader, not her. on the way back, eh?” Steenhuisen has proved to be a Never a truer word said in jest. first-class parliamentarian when Political failure can be brutal. serving as DA chief whip. His grasp Yet Maimane’s quick retort was of the rules, and his sharp-witted no less jocular, but with even more willingness to use them effectively edge: “Yes, but at least I didn’t lose when challenging ANC governmen- to Japan”, a reference to the Boks’ tal failings, was as good as anyone shock defeat at the opening game of who has served in Parliament since the 2015 World Cup, when De Villiers the Democratic Party veterans of the was captain. 1990s (Colin Eglin, Ken Andrews, Graphic: JOHN McCANN If only Maimane had defined the Douglas Gibson, Dene Smuts et al), DA’s vision and values with such the “gang of seven” DP MPs that sharpness in the run-up to May’s ran rings around the ANC (and poor performance in the general the National Party rump) in the existential crisis over whether they In turn, Steenhuisen will need to the economy and its prospects of election he would still be DA leader. first democratic Parliament from are a liberal party with social demo- fashion a smarter, more strategic recovery? But his own ideological shallowness 1994-95. cratic tendencies and the ambition approach to coalitions in the face of Certainly it is true that during the — his basic lack of a political hinter- They proved that in politics size to compete with the ANC, or a just a the train-smash of Nelson Mandela slide towards state capture, the more land and street-wise know-how — does not always matter — a small, good old-fashioned liberal party that Bay metro and the on-going dis- far-sighted and thoughtful mem- was ultimately exposed. disciplined, capable, coherent politi- is happy to play chihuahua nipping comfiture of the Johannesburg and bers of the ANC leadership would Oratorial poise and panache, and cal party can punch well above its at the heels of the big dogs (every Tshwane metros. privately express gratitude at the the courage he showed in taking on weight. multiparty democracy should have growth path of the DA and the emer- then president Jacob Zuma toe-to- one). he EFF has had an even more gence of the EFF as a muscular oppo- toe in the National Assembly espe- his is not to suggest that the Does he, for example, want to win terrible six months since the sition — precisely because it helped cially, were never going to be enough DA will, or must, contract back the 1.5% of DA voters who in Telection. In so far as they their cause in trying to protect the to seriously dent the ANC’s big brand Tto its 1990s form. But con- May abandoned the centre ground were ever real corruption- integrity of the ANC against the in South Africa’s rugged electoral tract it may well do, unless and opted for the nationalist alterna- busters, the VBS Mutual Bank rev- head-banger barbarians at the gate. terrain. Steenhuisen is able to develop tive presented by the Freedom Front elations have truly busted their flush. Opposition weaknesses are rel- When Zuma was deposed, the DA’s quickly into a national-level politi- Plus? Or, given the bad run of by- Although they doubled their share of evant to the bigger concern about underlying divisions on key issues, cal leader of the stature and gravitas election results in mainly coloured the vote in May, despite the socioeco- an ANC government’s ability to lead such as black economic empower- necessary to convincingly project the working-class wards in the Western nomic context and the opportunity it South Africa decisively away from ment and the absence of a clearly DA as more than just a small liberal Cape since the election, perhaps he offered them, the South African elec- the social, economic and fiscal crisis. articulated value proposition as an party. will opt for rebuilding the party’s torate essentially rejected their neo- The competition for power at alternative government in the face He is smart, charming and, most base before it contemplates a return fascist, ultrapopulist offering. municipal level will remain keenly of a reformist Cyril Ramaphosa-led importantly for political success and to the growth trajectory of the Zille The EFF’s high water mark has contested, but in the national, and administration, was laid painfully survival, extremely ambitious. Unlike years. come and gone. It will be down- largely in provincial sphere too, we’re bare in the 2019 election campaign. his predecessor, he was born for poli- Decisions, decisions. In compari- hill all the way from here for Julius back to the place where we were 10 Maimane’s demise was inevitable. tics. Maimane’s career diverted from son, taunting a Zuma-led ANC in Malema and his noisy band of fellow or so years ago: the real opposition is Whether this explains, let alone its pastoral path towards a career in Parliament was like shooting fish in travellers. inside the ANC and what is left of its justifies, the return of Helen Zille is politics in his late 20s. While he was a barrel. Welcome to the big league, Which does of course raise ques- broader alliance. a completely different matter. Her gathering a number of tertiary quali- John. tions about the strength and depth of Or perhaps we never left that place. leadership provided strategic clar- fications, including a master’s degree His first statement on winning the South Africa’s democracy. And unless a new political offering ity for eight years from 2007: build in theology, Steenhuisen was busy election on Sunday was interesting, Do the travails of the two biggest can be imagined and packaged in a on the party’s Western Cape base learning politics from the bottom up. because he went out of his way to opposition parties not imply that way that appeals to the six million one city or province at a time, until Like many ANC and Economic couple the notion of redress with the the ANC can indeed rule until Jesus young South Africans who did not the case as a government-in-waiting Freedom Fighters politicians, he fight against poverty. Perhaps he had returns, regardless of how recklessly even register to vote in May, maybe is fully made — underpinned by a knows no other life. This will stand read columnist Eusebius McKaiser it chooses to govern? we never will. Popperite version of liberalism that him in good stead as he seeks to on these pages last week, when he And thus, does it not strengthen emphasised equality of opportu- steady the DA ship and then reset its invited Steenhuisen to “rethink and the hand of the scoundrel wing of Richard Calland is an associate nity and which just about managed strategic and ideological course. revise some of his views on race and the ruling party, those “fightback- professor in public law at the to fudge the internal differences of Apart from the spectral shadow redress” lest he be mistaken for a ers” who are willing to imperil University of Cape Town and a part- opinion on affirmative action as the cast by Zille, Steenhuisen will also “Zille-lite”, notwithstanding signifi- Ramaphosa’s reform programme ner in the political risk consultancy, basis for socioeconomic redress. have to nimbly eviscerate his party’s cant differences in tone and style. regardless of the harm it will do to The Paternoster Group 28 Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 Comment & Analysis No defence for sexual abuse

arlier this month, Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula, the minister of defence and military veterans, wrote a letter in which she announced an investigation into allegations of sexual exploita- tion and abuse in the armed forces. At the same time, she deliv- Eered a stinging reprimand to the leaders of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF). “This approach is because I do not have the confidence that, as the military and especially yourselves, generals and flag officers, will provide me with sat- isfactory reports given that you have been aware of these and turned a blind eye.” Documents leaked to the Mail & Guardian highlight how pervasive sexual abuse and exploitation is in the defence force (See pages 4 and 5). Over the past 18 months, there have been at least 41 such cases, ranging from rape and assault to harassment and crimen injuria. Of these, 26 have been finalised, resulting in 13 guilty verdicts. But Mapisa-Nqakula’s letter seems to suggest Hard worker: Human Settlements Minister Lindiwe Sisulu visits Khayelitsha in 2017. Her portfolio now that the problem runs deeper. includes water and sanitation. Photo: David Harrison/Gallo Images/Sunday Times “I have become aware of the rampant cases of [sexual assault and exploita- tion] incidents internally in deployment areas, as well as in the working envi- ronment. These are kept under wraps by the commanders.” It is almost unprecedented for a defence minister to criticise senior officials so publicly. That Mapisa-Nqakula chose to do so indicates the severity of the Why I decided to work problem. It would have taken considerable courage for the minister to speak out on this subject, and she is to be commended for doing so. But this is far from the first time that the defence force has been implicated in sexual abuse. South African soldiers have been repeatedly implicated in rape and sexual assault committed in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), where for Lindiwe Sisulu the SANDF maintains a contingent of peacekeepers — peacekeepers who rape. These allegations date back nearly a decade. Since 2015, the United Nations has recorded 92 allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse by peacekeepers in the DRC. A third of all cases (34) involved personnel from South Africa. She is a hard taskmaster but caring, a stickler the needs of its growing population, High levels of gendered violence are a disgraceful, shameful feature of and if our immediate neighbours are South Africa’s history and present. So, in some ways, it is no surprise that for rules and committed to serving the country equally privileged. this violence should replicate itself in the ranks of the defence force — or that In a few days Sisulu will launch her soldiers perpetrate this violence on the vulnerable people they are supposed RIGHT OF REPLY strapped. At the time she was min- water and sanitation master plan. to protect. Makhosini Mgitywa ister for a department with a big Working with departmental officials As protestors pointed out earlier this year in countrywide demonstrations, budget. One of the main pillars of her and her panel of advisers she has gender-based violence is an epidemic that needs to be addressed with great y friendship with campaign was the fight against cor- been seeking ways of ensuring that haste. Human Settle- ruption and maladministration, and our country averts a water crisis. Her The defence minister’s investigation into sexual exploitation and abuse in ments, Water and she didn’t want state resources being plan seeks to “disaster-proof” our the defence force is a good place to start. But this investigation cannot ignore MSanitation Minis- used for her presidential run. country from the devastating effects abuses committed by South African soldiers against civilians in other coun- ter Lindiwe Sisulu I had numerous disagreements of the droughts that we so often tries. To do so would be to risk entrenching and endorsing this behaviour. goes back a long way. When I was with Sisulu during the campaign. experience and of climate change. spokesperson for the National Pros- We had a few tense moments, none The Mail & Guardian (“Sisulu ‘plot- ecuting Authority, a job that was of which were personal or borne out ting’ to oust Mabuza”, November 15 stressful and dangerous, the biggest of disrespect or insubordination. to 21 2019) “claims that she is loading Jo’burg’s ‘horror factory’ supporter I had outside of my family They were always tactical differences her ministry with loyalists in a cam- was Sisulu. between two individuals who were paign for the deputy presidency”. She would call or text late at night passionate about the task at hand. Sisulu is a stickler for the ANC’s to check how I was doing. She would Despite that history, a few months rules and regulations. For example, South Africans have, for a long time, been able to live comfortably knowing tell me when she thought I had done ago I was privileged to receive an she launched her campaign for party our workers have a voice. We have had a strong trade union movement, in well after seeing me on TV. She invitation from Sisulu to join her in president only after the process was which many of the country’s most influential decision-makers — including would also say in forthright terms if her new ministry. The message was formally opened, long after some of our president — cut their teeth. she thought I had said or done some- clear: she had a mammoth task of her opponents had started. But this illusion of living in a country in which even the most vulnerable thing stupid. turning around the water and sani- To suggest that she is “plotting” to workers are protected is just that — an illusion. It is perhaps timely to say that tation department and securing the replace the ANC deputy president at Last week, the department of employment and labour announced that a one meeting with her that stands supply of water for all citizens. She the party’s national general council factory, not too far from the Mail & Guardian’s offices, had been operating for out in my mind took place when I identified the communications and next year is bizarre. Only a national years under conditions that can only be described as modern-day slavery. was head of communication at one public relations function in her min- conference can elect or remove an Workers at the factory (See Page 23) were found to be toiling under appall- of the country’s largest banks. She istry as one of the potential drivers ANC office bearer. The narrative by ing conditions for only R65 a day. Many were children under the age of 15, had requested that I influence my for improved service delivery. her political opponents was obviously working excessive hours in a space with no ventilation and poor lighting, and employer to set up a fund for a for- I also have my own reasons for meant to make her look naïve and be without wearing protective gear. mer employee who had been in an joining the ministry. After the for- the subject of ridicule and scorn. The department’s report into the factory found that one worker had some accident that left him with a dis- mer president of the Democratic The headline was unfair and it fingers cut off, another had his hand burned and a third was going blind. ability. I was not able to help poet Republic of the Congo, Laurent wasn’t supported by the story. The Gauteng labour inspectors dubbed the site “the horror factory”. and writer Sandile Dikeni, who Kabila, was assassinated in 2001 I gratuitous use of the words “plot” Most of these workers were Malawians, preyed on by a Chinese factory died more than a week ago, report- was sent by the SABC to cover the and “oust” could place Sisulu’s life owner. In a country with a history of xenophobic indifference and violence, edly after an on-off battle with transition of power and the state in danger. The words may well have it is easy to see how the conditions of workers from outside South Africa are tuberculosis. funeral. At the hotel where we stayed come from the sources of the story overlooked. I would later take a matter to we were warned never to drink water but placing them in the headline But we cannot let these facts prompt us to outsource our disgust. the Commission for Conciliation, from the taps. We were in Kinshasa, decidedly prejudiced her. Because the rights of workers in South Africa, and the trade unions that Mediation and Arbitration against the country’s capital and economic Some of the people who work for claim to protect them, are becoming more precarious by the day. the same employer. hub. Sisulu have been with her for dec- The country’s deepening jobs crisis — and a government that has histori- Sitting at home and doing nothing The rich were buying clean water. ades, even though she is a tough cally responded by yielding to capital — means that many people expect was driving me crazy. I was enter- The bad water from the taps was taskmaster and not easy to work for. workers to do their jobs for a pittance. They are expected to back down when taining suicidal thoughts. Sisulu being consumed by the poor — the They stick with her because she is they are treated unfairly, and are chided like children by the public and the called one day to find out how I lucky ones to have tap water. I could a caring employer. She also has an government when they don’t. was doing. After I told her about never pass up an opportunity to help unwavering commitment to serve The demeaning minimum wage and new restrictions on the right to go on my bleak situation she asked for a avoid the same situation repeating her country and do what is best for strike — agreed on by the government and Cosatu, the country’s most power- name and number of someone at the itself in my country. it. Some people appreciate that in a ful trade union federation — denote one thing: in South Africa, workers’ lives bank she could talk to. She made one My acceptance of the offer was leader. are cheap. phone call and a few days later the also informed by an appreciation And for many people, South Africans and migrants alike, the country itself employer made a settlement offer. that water is now a geopolitical com- Makhosini Mgitywa is head of com- is — and always has been — a horror factory. Two years ago I was part of her modity. South Africa will remain at munications and spokesperson for unsuccessful campaign for ANC peace with her neighbours in part if the ministry of human settlements, M&G Media Ltd president. The campaign was cash- the country has sufficient water for water and sanitation Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 29 Comment & Analysis

VERBATIM

“Solving the problems of OSouth Africa won’t come about through the pigmentation of our skin. It is going to come about with all of us working together to ensure that we adhere to ethical and credible leadership.” — ANC spokesperson Pule Mabe responding to complaints that the appointment of the new Eskom chief executive, Andre de Ruyter, is racist.

“We know what we’re after Oand we have strategies to get us there. You will see some of these strategies unfolding. Some will be pretty obvious… our time horizon is long. We have to hold those responsible for state capture responsible and not only those who did the dirty work. So many people were on the band- wagon. My mantra to my team is: ‘Focus’. ” — Hermione Cronje, the head of the National Prosecuting Au- thority’s investigative directorate, as- suring South Africans that progress on state capture is being made and events will start unfolding soon.

“Corrupt politician Adam OSchiff ’s lies are growing by the day. Keep fi ghting tough, Republi- cans, you are dealing with human scum who have taken Due Process and all of the Republican Party’s rights away from us during the most unfair hearings in American History. But we are winning big, and they will soon be on our turf. — United States President Donald Trump tweeting about the ongoing Jinxed by the Ingonyama board impeachment inquiry. “SAA doesn’t have enough Ocash to possibly even pay sal- aries at the end of the month. Not My two days of wading matter is likely to be heard only in only will people not get increases March. but they might not even get their through court papers I feel the blood draining from my salaries.” — Public Enterprises and no story is like face. This is not cool. No hearing Minister Pravin Gordhan speaking at means no story. I’ve just spent two a parliamentary briefi ng on Wednes- Small James’ ordeal days crippling and blinding myself day. The strike by National Union of trying to get an SAA for nothing. By the time the case sits Metalworkers of SA and the SA Cabin several months will have passed. I’ll Crew Association was in its fi fth day flight home from Lagos have to read this all over again come on Tuesday. The airline announced it March. may have to cut up to 944 jobs. That’s not the only issue. There’s Paddy Harper a “two days of work” hole in the paper with my name on it. I need to YEARS come up with a replacement story — and quickly — preferably before AGO uesday. I break the bad news to the lahnees My back and eyes are in Jo’burg. There are a couple of aching. The bulk of the things I put on hold so I could work The National Union of Tpast two days has been the ITB story, but making them work Metalworkers (Numsa) and spent hunched over the for this week means I’m not going Volkswagen SA (VWSA) have laptop, crawling my way through to get much sleep between now and reached a multifaceted agree- page after page of court papers. The Bucks: King Goodwill Zwelithini is the sole trustee of the Ingonyama Thursday. ment which will change manage- high court application to halt the Trust, to which residents have paid millions of rands in rent and leases The cellphone goes. ment structures and establish a Ingonyama Trust Board’s (ITB’s) It’s Small James, one of my sons. new relationship between man- programme to convert permission the legal arguments by each of the now wants the board to give it a He’s fi nally almost home from Lagos agement and worker. to occupy certificates into residen- parties that have been waiting to be breakdown of all the money it has after just more than three days of try- The agreement aims to develop tial leases is fi nally being heard on read since last week. It’s a lot, but a allocated to residents. The board in ing to get a fl ight back to South Africa. Volkswagen SA to become a Friday. credible job requires that each of the turn says it is only accountable to My bundle of joy was among those world-class performer as tariff As a result, since mid-morning on several thousand pages involved gets government for its budget allocation, who got caught up in the mayhem of protection cuts threaten to take a Monday, I’ve been wading my way read — at least once — so here I am, and not for money it takes in from the SAA strike. James was booked on huge bite out of motor manufac- through a seemingly endless lake of hunchbacked. leases or concessions. a fl ight to Jozi on Saturday and, like turers’ market share. legal documents — heads of argu- Finally, I’m done with the last head There have also been meetings thousands of others, found himself For Numsa chief negotiator ments, affidavits, legal precedents of argument, the ITB’s. I get a coff ee between the rural development and stranded in a foreign country while Gavin Hartford the agreement — from the applicants in the case, going, get ready to start writing. land reform minister, Thoko Didiza, the national carrier and the trade set a “new benchmark” for the ITB, the co-operative governance There’s been a considerable and King Goodwill Zwelithini, on unions slug it out. the union. The Iron and Steel and land reform department and the amount going on with the ITB since whose behalf the board administers Unlike most people stranded by Workers’ Union is also party to house of traditional leaders. the fi rst papers were fi led, which also the land — and issues the leases — the strike, Small James was lucky. the agreement. It made sense to read all of this has to be factored in. on the sidelines of the case. Some The people he was working with The agreement, concluded again before starting to write any- Two of the ITB’s board members serious juggling lies ahead, but I’m were happy to look after him, so he after several months of in-plant thing. It’s been a while since the bailed a couple of months ago ahead game. ended up having a free holiday and negotiations, broadly means Legal Resources Centre (LRC) fi rst of the submission of the board’s I check my mail. visit to the Shrine while he waited that union and management will filed its application on behalf of annual report to Parliament, which There’s a note from the LRC. for a fl ight home. The day and a bit work jointly to ensure the growth Lawrence Zikhali and other resi- My heart drops. There’s a leaden of a detour spent in Dubai can’t have of VWSA. dents of Ingonyama Trust land, who feeling in my stomach, a sick been much fun, but at least James is Other key features of the have been joined in the case by the emptiness. on the way home. agreement include the increased Council for the Advancement of the I need to come up I start sweating. I don’t see SAA surviving — at least production to 100 000 units a South African Constitution and the with a replacement Friday’s hearing is off . The provin- not in its present form. Throwing year, employment protection Rural Women’s Movement. cial judge president wants the matter money at the national carrier doesn’t and the promotion of education, There’s a lot of narrative to recall, story – and quickly heard by a full Bench over two con- make it profitable. It never has. training and development of along with a load of technical argu- – preferably before I secutive days, so Friday won’t hap- Selling it looks like the only option. employees. — The Weekly Mail & Guardian, November 18 to ment, so a re-read of everything is break the bad news to pen. There’s no suitable date avail- Perhaps we can fi nd a buyer willing essential. There’s the heads of argu- able between now and the end of the to take on such a money trap. 24 1994 ment, laying out the key thrust of the lahnees in Jo’burg court’s last session of the year, so the Perhaps. 30 Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 Comment & Analysis Chinese South Africans fight hate speech

Despite having come to the country 300 years ago, hateful comments were made online

HATE SPEECH on behalf of about 40 organisations Mellisa Fan and people including the All Africa China Association, the South African Rich history: Chinese South Africans take part in New Year celebrations at the Nan Hua Temple in welve individuals are Chinese Enterprises Association, the Bronkhorstspruit, Gauteng, in February 2013. Photo: Delwyn Verasamy before the Equality Court China-Africa Women’s Association, for hateful and discrimi- the South African Guangzhou the present court case mirrors that fers, we are not welcome and we will What puts the Chinese minority at Tnatory speech directed at Association of Trade and Cultural used in the headlines of the 1880s. not be considered South African. a higher risk of feeling isolated is the the Chinese community. Exchange and the Sino South African These words are used to dehuman- Distancing oneself from one’s cul- fact that the culture is a highly col- Not only was the speech harmful Chamber of Commerce. ise us. The negative stereotypes and ture may seem passive, but it can lective one. Often we tend to have a and degrading, it also deepened old The TCA seeks an unconditional misconceptions about our race and also lead to an internalisation of rac- higher regard for others and depend wounds. The effects of such discrim- apology, an interdict preventing culture are still being propagated so ism. Chinese people may then take more on one another for self-regula- ination is deeply hurtful. Yet, much similar future speech, damages, the that we continue to have to endure part in the alienation of individuals tion and feelings of safety. Also, the of this suffering has been rendered rendering of community service to mockery in all areas of our lives, who choose to embrace their culture, mental well-being of the commu- almost invisible. monitor and remove anti-Chinese whether at school, at work or just and this may further invalidate those nity is worrying because many of us The case, which was brought by hate speech on social media, and trying to get our shopping done. individuals’ experiences of racism. are reluctant to admit when we are The Chinese Association (TCA) that the respondents attend sensiti- The effect of this prolonged dis- These dynamics cause rifts and inter- struggling. and began in the high court (sit- sation training offered by the South crimination has been deep and last- nal conflict in the community where This may stem from the fear of ting as an equality court) in March, African Human Rights Commission. ing, but we have suffered mostly in individuals are preoccupied with dif- being criticised by others and so concerns comments posted on the To paint a clearer picture, one silence because of our status as a ferentiating themselves instead of we are taught to keep pushing our- Facebook pages of Carte Blanche needs to look at the history of the minority among minorities, which trying to find common ground and selves. Although it may be done with and the Karoo Donkey Sanctuary Chinese population, which dates makes it more difficult for our voices embracing a shared ancestry. The good intentions, this can worsen the in early 2017. The 12 are accused of back to the 1660s. At that time there and narratives to be heard. result is a loss of collective identity condition of those who are already hate speech, harassment and unfair were laws against the Chinese to Furthermore, many of us were and a sense of belonging. feeling alone and pushed to the discrimination. limit their economic activities. When taught to “keep our heads down” such Growing up, many of us have edge. It is likely that many of us The hate speech includes state- Chinese labourers were brought into that if we focus our energy on work- struggled to find others with similar have concealed our anxiety and ments that Chinese are “not human”, the country as indentured labour ing hard we will thrive. But the real- backgrounds to allow us to form real depression. are “vile and barbaric” and that in the 19th century, attacks on their ity is that our efforts are wasted when connections and feel accepted. Some The case against hate speech is South Africa should “get rid” of them. race and culture began in earnest. we are alienated and made out to be of us found ourselves feeling discon- about fighting for the dignity of the Further statements are that they In their book Colour, Confusion inferior. nected to our culture and our people, Chinese, holding people who have should be “wipe[d] out” and that “we and Concessions: The History of the while simultaneously struggling to behaved in a hateful way to account should start killing their children”. Chinese in South Africa, Melanie Yap s a result of discrimina- be seen as South African. Despite for their actions, and creating When the case resumes on and Dianne Leong Man show that, at tion, many Chinese people having come here more than 300 understanding about the social and November 25, the TCA will present the time, newspaper headlines used Amay have distanced them- years ago, many of the Chinese popu- psychological effect of such behav- evidence on the harmful, hurtful words such as “heathens”, “moral selves from their own cul- lation are still seen as foreigners, and iour and speech. Words of hate are and discriminatory effects of these plagues” and “human rubbish” to ture as a survival mechanism to feel some people are even surprised that rooted in racial discrimination that comments on the local Chinese com- label all Chinese people. more accepted. Future generations we can speak English. should no longer be a part of South munity, both South African born Unsurprisingly, the Chinese, as may then be conditioned to favour Aside from social harm, discrimi- African society. Chinese people and immigrants. second class citizens, faced similar the dominant culture and see their nation also causes mental and emo- We need to embrace true toler- “Many South Africans don’t know restrictions as other “non-whites” own as inferior. This is not to say that tional damage because it affects ance — which is not to deny the the history of Chinese in this country during apartheid when racial dis- all deviations from our culture are one’s self-esteem. Additionally, loss existence of differences but to cel- — the contributions we have made crimination was at its peak. wrong, as long as it is done out of free of identity and a lack of belonging ebrate these and realise that with and the pain we have suffered,” says We are now well into the 21st cen- will. And we are denied the dynamic lead to feelings of isolation and lone- differences, we are all human. Francis Lai Hong, deputy chairper- tury and without any racist legisla- identity of being both Chinese and liness. Sometimes, what’s worse than son of the TCA. tion, yet mindsets remain. Much of South African. Discrimination the discrimination itself is the lack of Mellisa Fan, a psychology honours The association brought the case the hate speech that is the focus of implies that as long as our culture dif- validation that it is happening. graduate, is a Chinese South African Defence and democracy are good bedfellows

RIGHT OF REPLY to have violated any United Nations ment in relation to compliance and of compliance issues in line with as such. Like other democratic coun- Simphiwe Hamilton regulations in relation to human the enforcement of related obliga- South African legislation but are also tries, South Africa should be allowed rights or to have traded in a man- tions emanating from international assisted to comply optimally. to, and strive to have, a credible and The South African Aerospace ner that was not compliant and thus treaties and national legislation. The AMD, with respect, thus disa- well-resourced defence capability Maritime Defence Industries detrimental to human rights and Furthermore, the defence industry grees with your editorial’s assertion along with the complimentary defence Association (AMD) has as one of its regional stability. not only voluntarily complies with that Denel is merely a “rebranded” industrial base, which has significant primary objectives the represen- This is adequate proof that the such measures but actually sees com- apartheid-era entity. The South economic multipliers, technologi- tation of the entire South African South African arms control regime pliance as a competitive advantage African National Defence Force and cal spin-offs and direct cross-sectoral defence industry. This it does par- and systems are not only functional that establishes it as a reputable and many other state institutions and enhancers that enable tourism, rail ticularly in matters relating to trade but also that they meet the highest responsible industry. state-owned entities have the same safety, mine safety and even disaster and of regulatory nature. The organi- international and moral standards. It is for this reason that the defence historical origin of being inher- management, as well as an innate sation also acts as an official spokes- Our leadership is soundly estab- industry, with Denel as an integral ited from the previous apartheid potential to propel the country into person for the industry, hence our lished, with South Africa not only part thereof, shall always act as an regime, and you’d then have them the fourth industrial revolution. response to the Mail & Guardian’s being the only country in the world interlocutor between the regulatory viewed in the same light. The time has come for all South editorial “Arms against democracy” to have denuclearised but also in regime and its clients by ensuring The reality is that the democratic Africans — including the media — to dated November 8 2019. that the official leading the (global) that the latter are not only informed government has transformed all cease with the senseless demonisa- The M&G needs to acknowledge Arms Trade Treaty organisation these institutions and organisa- tion of the defence community and the strides made by, and the lead- in Geneva is the former head of the tions in line with our constitution- to accept that there is no anomaly in ership of, the government and the South African arms control secretar- ally defined principles. The value a democratic South Africa having a defence industry in the field of arms iat at the Directorate of Conventional The AMD ... disagrees of Denel and the arms industry as defence capability (both in the form control as enabler of the protection Arms Control. This clearly shows with your editorial’s contributors to South Africa’s gross of the armed forces and the associ- of human rights and as an integral the world’s confidence in the South domestic product, jobs and tax rev- ated industry) and to rather embrace part of the international arms trade. African government, as well as our assertion that enues needs to be acknowledged. and harness it to the best benefit of In the past 25 years of the new legislative and regulatory prowess. Denel is merely Defence and democracy are not our country and people. South African arms export history, In principle the defence industry a “rebranded” strange bedfellows; they are mutu- this country and its industry have values and respects the commitment ally reinforcing and interdependent Simphiwe Hamilton is executive never once been found wanting or and responsibilities of the govern- apartheid-era entity and should be managed and treated director of AMD Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 31 Comment & Analysis End the global media crisis to build democracy

MEDIA The feeble response to this crisis by as a group of media-support organi- reform efforts. As Sudanese Prime organisations stand ready to contrib- Mark M Nelson the world’s democracies reflects more sations has advocated — without cut- Minister Abdalla Hamdok argued ute. Donor governments should facil- a lack of political will than a lack of ting significantly into spending in at September’s United Nations gen- itate these contributions, including Almost everywhere one looks, the solutions. other areas. eral assembly, donors must “revise by using their influence to discour- news media is in crisis. And although One lever for addressing it is for- Raising development assistance their priorities” and support media age aid recipients from interfering a robust free press is fundamental to eign and security policy. Democratic for the media could help to advance reforms in countries like his. These in media development work. With a well-functioning democracy, the governments should recognise other development goals. A media efforts — along with building an additional investment, they could world’s democratic governments are attacks on press freedom and use industry captured by vested interests independent judiciary, reversing the also ensure that the work of media doing too little to protect it. measures such as diplomatic isola- impedes economic reform, precludes economy’s decline and addressing development organisations — such Media outlets worldwide are strug- tion, denial of visas and sanctions to political compromise and under- the Bashir regime’s crimes — are crit- as the European Journalism Centre gling to adapt their business models put pressure on perpetrators to meet mines social cohesion. For countries ical to a successful transition, he said. in the Netherlands or Deutsche Welle to the digital age, with newspapers, their obligations under international struggling to build or maintain a Among donors’ priorities, in Sudan Akademie in Germany — comple- collapsing partly because of the loss law to uphold freedom of expression. democratic system of governance, a and elsewhere, should be helping to ments the broader development of advertising revenues. Without Momentum for such action may robust free press is indispensable. address governance weaknesses — agenda. trusted publications, readers become be building. In July, Canada and the Sudan is confronting precisely economic, political, and institutional After World War II, the world’s susceptible to false narratives and United Kingdom launched a media these challenges as it attempts to — that leave media vulnerable. That democracies came together to cre- sensationalist clickbait. As quality freedom initiative, which calls on build a democracy in the wake of means assisting governments in ate an institutional framework that journalism is marginalised, political countries to sign a pledge to take co- Omar al-Bashir’s 30-year dictator- reforming or strengthening media would underpin global peace and leaders can dismiss unflattering cov- operative action when media free- ship. During such fraught political laws, building institutions and secur- stability for decades to follow. To erage as “fake news” and the lack of dom is at risk. The following month, transitions, newly liberated media ing political support for democratic address the current media crisis, a a shared set of facts erodes trust in France included the issue on the organisations often align themselves media governance. Development similar effort is needed, with gov- democracy and the rule of law. agenda of the G7 meeting in Biarritz. with a particular party or faction, institutions such as the World ernments, media organisations and The dominant model of media A second lever for addressing the reinforcing deep and paralysing fis- Bank and the UN Development citizens working together to fortify an ownership is “media capture”, problem is official development sures. In a country where ethnic, cul- Programme can help here. essential building block of democracy whereby political leaders and their assistance. In 2018, less than 0.5% tural, and religious discrimination Media development organisations and human progress. — © Project wealthy cronies use it to advance of the $150-billion that the world’s has fuelled brutal civil wars, the risks also have a role to play — for example, Syndicate their authoritarian designs and busi- richest countries spent on develop- should not be underestimated. in helping local outlets to strengthen ness interests. Without trusted media ment assistance went to addressing Yet, so far, the international com- newsroom management and Mark M Nelson is the senior director holding government and business to media freedom. That share could be munity has done far too little to aid ensure high journalistic standards. of the Centre for International Media account, corruption flourishes. increased meaningfully — say, to 1%, Sudan’s media development and Fortunately, many highly competent Assistance Africa mustn’t leave its youth in the lurch

Countries must take steps to build young people’s social, political and economic involvement

DEVELOPMENT ber of young workers in vulnerable George Lwanda employment or who are underem- ployed in informal sectors. ith almost 60% The United Nations Development Need for progress: The involvement of young people in their societies, economies and politics contribute to a of its population Programme’s Africa Centre wants country’s stability and development. Photo: Joe Penney/Reuters under the age of to help change this, thereby ena- W25, Africa is the bling the world to advance the core when United States-based watchdog political and socioeconomic engage- For African governments — and world’s youngest sustainable development goals’ mis- organisation Freedom House classi- ment among young people, it is their international partners — boost- region. Yet young people are often sion to leave no one behind. That fied the country as “free,” in terms of not happening nearly fast enough. ing political and socioeconomic left behind. They face inadequate is why we have been developing a political rights and civil liberties. In The share of Africa’s young peo- engagement among young people economic opportunities and may youth socioeconomic and politi- 2012, when Freedom House down- ple who were not in employment, is crucial. The socioeconomic and be socially or politically excluded. cal disengagement index made up graded Mali to “not free,” engage- education or training — so-called political disengagement index can Unless this is addressed, achieving of 10 equally weighted indicators, ment declined by 7%. The country NEETs — fell by only 7% from 2005 help to guide action, by showing who many of the United Nations sus- from education status and cash recaptured that lost 7% in 2016, to 2016, at which point nearly half exactly is being left behind, and by tainable development goals will be income to voting in elections or three years after it was categorised (47%) remained idle. At this rate, it enabling relevant actors to monitor impossible. even participating in protests or as “partly free”. will take at least 40 years for the 12 progress and adjust their strategies When young people are active in demonstrations. But limited freedom is not the only socioeconomic and political disen- accordingly. their societies, economies and poli- The index, which uses merged impediment to political and socio- gagement index countries merely to So far, the socioeconomic and tics, they are not only more produc- data from the Afrobarometer sur- economic engagement among young halve the proportion of NEETs. political disengagement index’s tive, they also contribute to stabil- veys, covers 12 countries: Botswana, people. African countries’ enduring This would effectively torpedo sus- message is stark. Although Africa is ity and development. This is all the Ghana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, failure to build robust, diversified tainable development goal eight: “To headed in the right direction, it is more true on a continent where Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, economies that are insulated against promote sustained, inclusive, and moving much too slowly. If the con- there will be more than 830-million Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, and commodity-price volatility is also sustainable economic growth, full tinent is to harness its youth bulge, young people by 2050. Zimbabwe. It also offers at least hampering progress. and productive employment, and rather than be engulfed by it, barri- And yet, the median age of three broad messages that should This is the second message of the decent work for all.” ers to progress on youth engagement African leaders is 62, older than guide policymaking. socioeconomic and political disen- That failure would hamper pro- — from excessive dependence on the Organisation for Economic The first is that the expansion gagement index. gress toward other goals, from the commodities to weak civil liberties Co-operation and Development of economic, social, and political After Malawi launched its first first one (“end poverty in all its forms — must be dismantled. — © Project median. In South Africa’s general freedoms can be a boon for youth commercial mining operations, the everywhere”) to the 16th (“promote Syndicate election, held in May, 46% of the engagement. From 2001 to 2016, proportion of disengaged youth fell peaceful and inclusive societies for nine million eligible voters who the proportion of disengaged youth from 68% in 2008 to 45% in 2012. sustainable development, provide George Lwanda, a regional pro- did not register to vote were aged across the 12 countries fell from 12% But, in 2014, mining operations were access to justice for all, and build gramme and policy adviser with 20 to 29, according to the Electoral to 6%, on average — and the num- suspended in response to declining effective, accountable, and inclusive the United Nations Development Commission of South Africa. ber of indicators on which they were global uranium prices. Youth dis- institutions at all levels”). Programme’s Africa Centre, is a Young people account for 60% disengaged fell from four to three. engagement skyrocketed, reaching Moreover, limited youth engage- 2018 Asia global fellow at Hong Kong of Africa’s unemployed. In North These gains are strongly correlated 65% in 2016. ment is likely to fuel social and University’s Asia Global Institute Africa, the rate of youth unemploy- with improvements in freedom. Overall — and this is the socio- political instability. According to the and an alumnus of the Mo Ibrahim- ment averages 25%. The rate is In Mali, for example, youth economic and political disengage- World Bank, 40% of people who join SOAS University of London Gov- lower in sub-Saharan Africa because engagement spiked in 2001, 2005 ment index’s third message — while rebel movements are motivated by ernance for Development in Africa it does not include the large num- and 2008 — during a 12-year period progress is being made in boosting too few economic opportunities. Initiative 32 Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 Comment & Analysis

Historical novel tests notion of nation

The past explains the present but not the future because ‘that tiny chaos’ makes the future opaque

LITERATURE Lily Saint amwali Serpell’s novel The Old Drift arrives at a moment in contempo- Nrary African literature deeply committed to revisiting the past. The thicket of historical novels released in recent years overwhelms: Yvonne Owuor’s Dust (2013), Jennifer Makumbi’s Kintu (2014), Yaa Gyasi’s Homego- ing (2016), Novuyo Tshuma’s House of Stone (2018), Ayesha Attah’s The Hundred Wells of Salaga (2019), and Wayétu Moore’s She Would Be King (2019) were joined most recently by Maaza Mengiste’s The Shadow King (already optioned for cinema). What’s more, these recent nov- els join a field already populated by breakout historical hits such as Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun (2006) and Zakes Mda’s The Heart of Redness (2000). Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart (1958) is itself a historical novel so we could even argue that the African novel emerges precisely to address the problem of history. Future imperfect: The Old Drift’ includes the construction of Kariba Dam (above), under which histories were buried and 57 000 people dislocated When theorised, the historical novel is most frequently understood We meet people from across the on the Hoover Dam, also recalls the ently become those who destroy it, sion other schemes for thinking about as a nationalist undertaking that social and economic and racial men who lost their lives “to make annihilating this enormous symbol tomorrow that extend beyond the affirms the nation through literature spectrum: sex workers who become the desert bloom”. But unlike at the of exploitation and devastation. A quarantine of our present. Her focus or, as is the case more recently with hairdressers, HIV researchers, dam Hoover Dam, on the borders of the trio of friends (and lovers) — Jacob, on the innovators who have dared to various postcolonial historical nov- builders, teachers, tennis players, states of Nevada and Arizona, where Joseph and Naila — set out to protest think otherwise is no exception. els, critiques it, excoriating its mate- wig sellers — and even the astro- a plaque memorialises these losses, against the government’s increasing But a postmodern narrative thread rial and political failures. nauts who spearheaded Zambia’s Serpell’s novel must do this salvage technological control over everyday operates like an intermittent Greek True to form, The Old Drift tells space race to the moon, which work in fiction instead, because the life, but instead they bring about a chorus to comment on the characters mainly a Zambian history. And like Serpell has written about here. For state has buried these everyday his- flood of biblical proportions acciden- in the novel through the collective many historical novels, this history Serpell writes actual history. tories beneath the more triumphal- tally terminating the family line by voice of a swarm of mosquitoes. They unfolds through a series of inter- As she puts it in the book’s ist fictions of national progress and drowning Naila, the story’s last preg- caution us about the role played by connected chapters that trace one acknowledgements, “The Old Drift technological advance. nant protagonist. accident in history’s haphazard tra- sprawling Zambian family’s 20th includes many fictions and quite a A novel this large in scope, that jectory, with the mistaken destruc- century. What counts as Zambian few facts,” a central one of which is s the gravestones at The plays with genre, too, defies neat tion of the dam providing one such is complicated from the start, the monumental fact of the Kariba Old Drift burying ground review. But its turn at the end to an example. What causes things to hap- because the white paterfamilias, who Dam. Located on the Zambezi River Abemoan, so many of the Afro-future freed of this symbol of pen is not only the forces of domina- recounts his arrival at Victoria Falls between Zambia and Zimbabwe, the dead resurrected in this man’s dominance over the natural tion, racial capitalism, and patriar- in 1901, is a mediocre racist British Kariba Dam forms the world’s larg- novel are otherwise “Unknown. world aligns neatly with its focus chy that the novel interrogates, but colonialist who stays on to become a est man-made reservoir still in con- Unknown.” throughout the rest of the book on a also what the mosquitoes praise as postcard photographer. tinual use for hydroelectric power. The dam’s creation relocated wild- host of other technological dreamers. “that tiny chaos”, randomness and As the novel progresses, its Two improbable lovers escape Italy life — “lions, leopards, elephants, In addition to the Zambian astro- error that disrupt political and social Zambian ambit includes the family’s early in the novel to administer the antelopes, rhinos, zebras, warthogs, nauts, one character makes the agendas. This force of mishap and Italian, British and Indian branches, construction of the dam. Circuitously even snakes” — and the project development of an AIDs vaccine the misrule renders the future opaque, as well as the Tonga and Bemba ones. tracing the dam’s disastrous history, forced about 57 000 Tonga to reset- centrepiece of his life’s work, while reminding us, too, that the past is as Zambia’s proximity to Zimbabwe — Serpell recalls the deaths involved tle elsewhere. Their displacement on his illegitimate son works furiously heterogeneous and unpredictable as “Zim or Zam?” one character asks — in its construction in 1958, six years less arable lands had dire and ongo- to perfect new drone technology. any future we dare imagine. forms another theme in the book so before Zambia’s independence. ing economic consequences, made (Here is another instance of Serpell’s that Zambia’s history is always local “So many men” died — the majority even harder by the periodic flooding art imitating life, because drones are This is an edited version of an and pan-African; matriarchal and of whom were African locals. Some caused by the new dam. used on the continent for delivering article that was first published on patrilinear; international, multilin- “died in a collapsed tunnel” while And so at the book’s end, set in medicine to remote areas.) Africa is a Country. Lily Saint is gual and interracial. But it is the sto- others “plunged seventy metres into the near future, Serpell imagines The historical novel exists then to the author of Black Cultural Life in ries of individuals that flesh out the wet concrete when a platform col- that the descendants of those who help us understand our present as South Africa: Reception, Apartheid, trajectory of the nation. lapsed”. Joan Didion, in a brief essay constructed Kariba Dam inadvert- much as our past, so we might envi- and Ethics * Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 33 Comment & Analysis

Failing his people: A portrait of President Muhammadu Buhari in Lagos. He has a duty to operate within the rule of law, but has disobeyed numerous court orders. Photo: Pius Utomi Ekpei/AFP Rule of law? What rule of law?

Nigeria’s leader ignores court orders to release ordered Buhari to “direct the publi- as the enemy; the judicial process is ing the governor. In Kaduna state, cation of the report of investigations by far the most effective method of human rights defender Chidi detainees and provide details of corrupt actions by security and anti-corruption bod- upholding the rights of the individ- Odinkalu is facing charges of “injuri- ies into the alleged padding of the ual against public institutions. ous falsehood and incitement” sim- POLITICS Nigerian courts ordering the release 2016 budget”. The government cannot run to ply because he exercised his right to Kolawole Olaniyan of Islamic Movement of Nigeria Despite the clarity of these orders court to obtain detention orders or freedom of expression. leader Sheikh Ibrahim El-Zakzaky and judgments, the government con- other favourable decisions only for it But the implications of failure to ince assuming power on and his wife, Zeenah, from unlawful tinues to refuse to obey them, with to turn around and ignore the orders obey court orders are much wider, May 29 2015, Nigeria’s detention. impunity. of the same court. because the National Assembly is President Muhammadu Similarly, the government’s State Yet, the rule of law means respect- Former United States president also using Buhari’s example to pass SBuhari has shown a stun- Security Service continues to arbi- ing and protecting the human rights Harry Truman adorned his oval repressive laws, the most recent ning disregard for the rule trarily detain activists Omoyele of everyone. Without the possibility office desk with a sign that read: being the hate speech Bill, which pre- of law and human rights, ignoring Sowore and Olawale Bakare, who of judicial protection and strict obe- “The buck stops here.” This sign scribes death by hanging for alleged judges on at least 40 occasions. called a national protest, despite dience to court orders, the means by was Truman’s way of saying that he hate speech. He seems to be getting away with court orders that they should be which an individual can complain of would accept personal responsibility Many people see this as an exten- it. released on bail. an abuse of governmental power will for the decisions he made and for the sion of the government’s push to The fight against corruption has Other high-profile judgments be illusory, and human rights will consequences of those decisions. restrict the right to freedom of been an important facet of his rheto- the authorities are refusing to obey remain a fiction. No more excuses: the buck stops expression and media freedom, ric but his persistent disobedience of include at least four obtained by the The government is already in con- with Buhari, because he’s the one because the minister of information court orders, disdain for judges and anti-corruption and human rights tempt of court regarding these cases, with a legal duty to see that his gov- is already pushing to “regulate social flagrant violations of human rights group, Socio-Economic Rights and but it is not even pretending to be ernment operates within the rule of media”. under his watch puts into question Accountability Project. The first seeking to appeal the orders and law, and consistent with Nigeria’s If Buhari is truly committed to his commitment to ending fraud. is the judgment by Justice Hadiza judgments, even though that in itself constitution and international fighting corruption and protect- It’s hard to overstate the sig- Rabiu Shagari ordering the govern- wouldn’t be a reason for disobeying human rights obligations. ing individuals against unlawful nificance of this disregard of court ment to tell Nigerians about the sto- them. Indeed, of all the people who have action by his government, security orders not just for the operation len assets it allegedly recovered, with The government always has expla- a critical duty to obey court orders, agents (or other public institutions) of the rule of law but also effec- details of the amounts recovered. nations about why it should not it is the executive. If the govern- and private actors, he must imme- tive respect for constitutional and The second judgment, by Justice obey lawful court orders, seemingly ment continues to disobey court diately obey all court orders and international human rights, such Mohammed Idris, ordered the gov- replacing binding legal decisions orders, the means to hold the execu- respect human rights. He must ask as freedom of expression, peaceful ernment to publish details of the with the vagaries of politics, and tive to account will be blocked, and recalcitrant state governors and the assembly, association and access to spending of stolen funds recovered obeying the decisions whenever they there will be no way of ensuring that National Assembly to comply with information. by successive governments since the suit it. human rights and the rule of law the Constitution and international Buhari’s attorney general, return of democracy in 1999. The public perception seems to be prevail. obligations. Abubakar Malami, once said the rule The third judgment, by Justice that the government will only obey Buhari’s example is already having Until this happens, we Nigerians of law is what the authorities deter- Chuka Austine Obiozor, ordered court orders if it gets what it wants. corrosive consequences in several of must raise our voices and tell the mine it to be. the immediate release of details of Yet, it should never be right for the Nigeria’s 36 states, with governors president loud and clear that he But only an independent and payments of billions of naira to all government to obey the court as a using the judicial process to target will not get away with disrespecting impartial tribunal has the author- defaulting and allegedly corrupt elec- matter of grace. Buhari has to obey journalists and human rights defend- human rights, the rule of law and ity to correct any perceived errors of tricity contractors and companies the courts as a matter of necessity. ers, and also disobeying court orders. treating our courts with contempt. law of lower courts, not the attorney since 1999. If Nigeria is ever going to comply This is the case, for example, in Cross general. The fourth judgment, by Idris, with its international human rights River state where the publisher of Kolawole Olaniyan is the author of Court orders that are yet to be com- ordered Buhari to prosecute sen- obligations and commitments, the online news outlet CrossRiverWatch, Corruption and Human Rights Law plied with include those obtained ior MPs suspected of padding and government has to show respect for Agba Jalingo, is arbitrarily detained in Africa and is a legal adviser at by human rights lawyer Femi stealing N481-billion ($1,33-billion) the judges. and facing trial simply for report- Amnesty International’s interna- Falana, particularly the judgment by from the 2016 budget. The court also The courts shouldn’t be treated ing allegations of corruption involv- tional secretariat in London 34 Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 Education Coding without computers reaches thousands of learners

Nicky Willemse coding to kids: Scratch, a computer- Batteson’s lecturer, Professor Jean local software development com- Academics and teachers in based programming language devel- Greyling, helped to make Batteson’s pany Avocado Chocolate, follows a Oldenburg, Germany are piloting Two programming apps that don’t oped by the Massachusetts Institute vision a reality, by commercialising similar concept, except learners must Tanks in several schools, and it has require computers played a key of Technology Media Lab, and two and rolling out Tanks. “There are manoeuvre a boat through obstacles also attracted the interest of several role in bringing the world of cod- apps called Tanks and Boats, which 25 000 schools in South Africa and in the ocean to pick up pollution. African countries. ing to 11 500 learners across Nelson were developed in Port Elizabeth, 16 000 of them don’t have access “Tanks and Boats allowed the “There are other coding games that Mandela Bay in October. and which don’t require comput- to computer labs. We want to get facilitators to visit numerous schools have been developed and introduced The month-long initiative was ers. Learners could go to the Science to those kids,” said Greyling, who that do not have computer labs,” said in Africa by massive multinationals, the result of a partnership between and Technology Centre for the work- won the university’s Innovation Greyling. Tanks was originally devel- but you need computer labs. What Nelson Mandela University’s depart- shops, but the facilitators also visited Excellence Award this year, and was oped for children aged eight to 12 I’m saying is that we can do this ment of computing sciences, the 60 schools to provide basic training. also one of the top 10 winners in the and Boats for younger learners, but without labs,” said Greyling. Nelson Mandela Bay Science and “Instilling a passion for technology SAB Foundation’s Social Innovation Greyling has used them successfully Over the past two years, Greyling Technology Centre, and digital solu- from a young age is what can propel Awards, netting a R400 000 award with all ages. has trained facilitators in every prov- tions firm S4 Integration, which our country so much further,” said for Tanks. “These games are extremely rel- ince to present Tanks workshops teamed up to off er free coding work- S4 Integration development services Tanks essentially takes the form of evant in this country, in the context at schools — and has also trained shops to learners, most of them from manager Nico Claassen. “Through a puzzle. Working in groups, learners of President Cyril Ramaphosa’s drive unemployed youth to run “coding under-resourced schools. the Tanks initiative, we have seen piece together commands on puzzle to promote coding and robotics in clubs” in townships, to expose even “It was the opportunity of a life- tangible results and can attest the pieces to move an army tank through schools,” he said. more learners to coding while gener- time for some of our kids … allowing work is [having] a lasting impact.” a maze and to shoot at obstacles. Tanks has also attracted interna- ating a small income for themselves. them to explore a world of program- Tanks was developed in 2017 by When learners have completed the tional interest, with Greyling hav- “For me, this is more than just a ming and the creative use of tech- Nelson Mandela University hon- puzzle, they photograph it with a ing been invited to Unesco’s Mobile game. It has the potential to change nology,” said Charles Duna Primary ours student Byron Batteson, who cellphone, and a mobile app trans- Learning Week in Paris in March. people’s lives,” said Greyling. School teacher Jarren Ganhiah. wanted to fi nd a solution to address lates it into coding. They can then That same month, it was the runner- Twenty-four facilitators used three the shortage of software developers progress to a more diffi cult level. up in the Technology Innovation cat- Nicky Willemse is a freelance diff erent programming tools to teach in South Africa. The other app, Boats, created by egory at Africa Tech Week. journalist Prepare for Graphic: JOHN McCANN the ‘unknown unknowns’

Universities need to adapt teaching and curricula to cater for the fourth industrial revolution

COMMENT we do not know. Amid the wicked Ylva Rodny-Gumede problems of our time, and our own societal and economic context, our hat is the future education as a whole needs to be of the university rethought, and higher education has and higher edu- a crucial role to play. But not in its and it cannot be owned by just one nology that augments and enhances fi t-all models of learning will ever Wcation in light of traditional form. university, discipline or lecturer. the learning experience in ways that work. the fourth indus- What is often emphasised is the Instead, the teaching project must provides for customisation and one- No longer can lecture halls and trial revolution (4IR)? How will 4IR need for new skills and an educa- be seen as an extension of the uni- on-one tuition. Classrooms continue classrooms be the domains of the affect traditional disciplines, the cur- tion system, whether primary or versity as a whole. to be low tech but high energy when lone professor who owns both riculum, modes of delivery, research tertiary, that fosters and embraces This is dependent on universities students and faculty come together to knowledge and modes of deliv- and publications, organisational and 21st-century skills often thought not being ivory towers and instead share and discuss ideas. ery. Instead, lecturers have to form management practices and cultures, of as soft skills aligned to the much being spaces that connect with the Such a model also provides for a teaching teams to share and co-cre- and campus itself? talked about four Cs — communi- communities they form part of, pro- curriculum of smaller customised ate knowledge in co-operation with The questions raised regarding cation, creativity, critical thinking vide a platform for innovation and and niched modules that either their students, industry and sur- 4IR and the future of the univer- and collaboration — and a colleague experimentation and where com- build up to a degree or that is used rounding communities. sity are to a degree universal and recently also added a fifth C, that munication, collaboration, creativity for further studies and advanced This will also be the most cost- shared independently of national or of computational intelligence. The and critical thinking is the frame- professionalisation. efficient way of delivering higher regional settings. Where there are latter emphasises how systems are work for teaching and learning. In Equally, we need to provide for a education, and might even provide diff erences these are lodged in dif- designed to mimic and in some areas this way, teaching will be highly multitude of formal and informal for new ways of income generation, fering socioeconomic contexts. What even trump the human brain in eff ective but at a low cost and pro- ways of engaging with the univer- because students will “pay” for a is clear is that traditional models terms of data processing. vide for students to apply knowledge. sity and of accessing the university, lifelong relationship with mentors of higher education, contents and These are all skills important to degrees and individual course off er- and institutions that come along for modes of delivery are being ques- the 4IR economy that, unlike the ith new online offer- ings. The same goes for fl exibility in the ride and that invest in lifelong tioned in light of rapid technologi- knowledge economy of the digital ings and increased assessments. achievements rather than three-year cal changes and a changing world of revolution — in which the custo- Wopportunities for Lifelong learning is about keep- degrees. work. dians of higher-degree knowledge completing whole ing the doors of learning institutions Thus the future of higher educa- What is needed is a redefin- reigned supreme —will rely on entre- degrees online, the teaching role of open and to have them adapt to tion depends on fl exibility, adapta- ing of what universities can do preneurship and innovation. universities is subsiding and instead the changing needs of the students tion and use of technology to provide and should be doing. They need The question is how such skills students increasingly come on cam- rather than the other way around. an enhanced learning experience on to think out of the box and beyond can be incorporated into the uni- pus to meet other students and to This means providing for students and off campus, with an emphasis the physical walls of lecture halls, versity curriculum and, maybe even socialise. to set their own study pathways, on high-tech but low-cost off -cam- university buildings and the cam- more importantly, how universities In this context classrooms become whether this be one of pursuing a pus solutions and a low-tech but pus. And they need to, as best beyond the curriculum can foster, as agoras and forums where people meet full-time degree, a series of short high-energy experience on campus. they can, prepare for what former well as employ, 21st-century skills in to exchange ideas rather than to have courses, studying alongside a work United States secretary of defence all its operations. content and curricula dictated to placement or working full time. Ylva Rodny-Gumede is the head of Donald Rumsfeld famously called Borders are porous and a cur- them. Instead, lectures in the tradi- The truth is this is already the the International Offi ce and profes- the “unknown unknowns” —the riculum can no longer be something tional form will take place off campus reality for most students. Also, no sor in the School of Communication unknowns we do not even know taught in a classroom or a degree, and sometimes online, using tech- student is the same and no one-size- at the University of Johannesburg Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 35

Libraries build services and communities

But librarians face difficulties in a society where the culture of reading is not widespread

COMMENT biggest challenges we face is how to Cecilia Sani motivate children and adults to read for self-study and pleasure when Graphic: JOHN McCANN y favourite part of competing against smartphones, my job is when I social and other online media, attend the opening instant messaging, television and Mof a new library. I computer games. get excited about O Information ignorance. Many the opportunities and possibilities parents are either unable to or shirk that a library represents to people, the responsibility of helping their especially to the children. children with school projects. Many The role of libraries has long since children require guidance on how to changed from being keepers and pre- structure or write projects — a task servers of books. Now, many librar- that is often diverted to librarians. ies are vibrant spaces that facilitate Although noble in principle, this information sharing and lifelong poses various problems. learning opportunities with an First, not all librarians are trained emphasis on serving residents. to provide that kind of learner assis- The importance of libraries cannot tance. Second, although we really be over-emphasised, especially when want to help, libraries are insuffi- one considers that six out of every 10 ciently staff ed for that level of indi- South Africans older than 16 live in vidual attention. households without a single book, O Language barriers. Some library according to a recent survey by the staff speak just one offi cial language, South African Book Development which means they are often unable Council. to help people who speak other lan- Considering the positive effects guages by providing reading assis- that reading has on creativity and tance or homework support in any language skills development, this is language other than their own. a crippling shortcoming. O Resources. Insufficient with inadequate lighting and not net access and other future-enabling lion children on World Read Aloud A shortage of reading materials resources, too few qualified staff much space to sit and read. Many information, but they ensure peo- Day in February and is running a and textbooks has been identifi ed as members to manage the facilities parents are illiterate and so cannot ple’s vitality and promote strong library card sign-up drive, libraries among the main reasons that 78% and a shortage of funds to buy text- read to their children. Many children social ties. are making a diff erence. of children in grade 4 cannot read books and other library materials do not attend any form of pre-school The good news is that librarians Libraries are committed to provid- for meaning. Research shows that are a reality. The absence of stocked and are not exposed to books. This are an awesome bunch of people. ing services that are free, equitable in 2008, only 60% of the cohort of and functional libraries in most is a vicious circle that sets them at a They chose the profession because and accessible to providing for the learners who had started school 12 schools puts huge pressure on pub- huge disadvantage from an early age. they are passionate about books, lit- information, reading and learning years earlier had progressed to write lic libraries. For this reason, public O Library buildings are affected eracy and the upliftment of people. needs of people and to promoting a their matric exams and, of these, libraries need a wide range of mate- by civil unrest. They are sometimes Libraries constantly reinvent culture of reading, library usage and only 37% passed. It is hardly surpris- rials to meet the curriculum-related targeted and damaged when peo- themselves in the face of ever-chang- lifelong learning. ing that poor literacy levels in South needs of learners and teachers. In ple have a grievance against the ing technologies. The staff members The calling is enormous, but then Africa is such a hot topic. the current economic climate, this is municipality. in each library adapt and develop so is the reward of seeing the better- So, what problems do our librar- not always possible. programmes that work for the peo- ment of our people. ians face in a barely literate society? O Socioeconomic problems cer- he critical role libraries play ple they serve. O Attractive distractions. There is tainly contribute to the difficulties Tin people’s lives is unquestion- With partners like Nal’ibali, South Cecilia Sani is the director of library a perception that there are more fun librarians face. In many households, able. Not only are they impor- Africa’s reading-for-enjoyment cam- services at the Western Cape depart- things to do than read. One of the living spaces are small and cramped, tant for providing books, fi lms, inter- paign, which reached almost 1.6-mil- ment of cultural aff airs and sport Early childhood learning gives children a headstart in life

COMMENT erly meant “many learners never get Scientifi c and Cultural Organisation. more confidence and find it easier Reading, writing and arithmetic Cecile Kiley a fi rm grasp on the fi rst rung of the Early childhood development is to contribute to the task at hand. skills come far easier to those chil- academic ladder and fall further and broadly defi ned as the programmes, Communication fl ows naturally and dren in early childhood development Never a truer word was spoken last further behind”. activities and experiences focused on listening skills are honed. centres and gives them the edge in year than that by President Cyril There is global consensus on the promoting the education of children Empathy is a priceless build- “big school”. A love for reading can Ramaphosa in his State of the Nation premise that the fi rst 1 000 days of from birth until formal pre-school- ing block and this may be easier be boosted through regular story speech: “If we are to break the cycle a child’s life hold the key to unlock- ing (grade R). to nurture in a setting where there time sessions. of poverty, we need to educate ing their lifelong potential — with The difference between children is greater interaction with others. Physical development is encour- the children of the poor.” He also good reason: by the age of fi ve, 90% exposed to early childhood develop- Emotional intelligence is a natu- aged through sports and play. If, for declared: “Early-grade reading is of a child’s brain will have devel- ment and those who aren’t is stark. ral consequence in quality early example, a child shows a lag in fi ne possibly the single most important oped. When children have adequate The former are often streaks ahead, childhood development settings. motor skills development, this can be factor in overcoming poverty, unem- healthcare, wholesome nutrition, and this advantage becomes almost Negotiating is par for the course, addressed through remedial activi- ployment and inequality.” quality childcare, early learning and exponential as the years unfold. and fostering friendships is encour- ties. Creativity is expressed through Given that 78% of South African stimulation, they have what is nec- Early interaction with peers means aged. Children quickly learn about music and art activities, and natu- grade 4 pupils cannot read for mean- essary to boost their sensory, emo- children become socialised. Group acceptable behaviour and behaviour ral talents are easily identifi ed at an ing in any language, the implica- tional, cognitive, social and physical work skills are an outflow of daily that will not be tolerated. Children early age. tions are far-reaching. Stellenbosch development from birth until they activities at early childhood devel- tend to process requests and receive University education researcher Nic reach school-going age, according opment centres. When teamwork instruction more easily than their Cecile Kiley wrote this article on Spaull said an inability to read prop- to the United Nations Educational, is required, these children show less advantaged peers. behalf of the Read Institute 36 Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 Tshwane University of Technology Advertorial

The TUT Academic Excellence Awards was a glitzy affair with guest speakers and was held under the theme of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Photos: Courtesy of TUT TUT gears up for 4IR It was recently ranked the number one university of technology on the African continent

Charles Molele “Tonight, I am honoured and delighted researcher of the year awards, said she of the anticipated revolutionary changes to celebrate and reward our achievements was extremely happy to be recognised for on our future education systems, our ver the past 15 years, since and striving for excellence. Our academic her hard work and research in the faculty future vocational expectations and the the merger of three tech- and research staff have remained focused of engineering and built environment. future world of work for our students, nikons, the Tshwane Univer- and worked very hard amidst widespread Popoola, who specialises in the study as engineered by the dawn of the second O sity of Technology (TUT) has challenges, not only at the university, but of metals, said students should take their digital revolution, also referred to as the achieved several significant also in the higher education sector and education seriously and be disciplined in fourth industrial revolution by the World milestones that add to the institution’s country. Your awards tonight speaks vol- order to achieve their goals and dreams of Economic Forum,” said Mukhola. history of excellence. umes about your passion and dedication building a prosperous South Africa. “I know that the excellence awards are According to Professor Lourens van to your profession and the industry,” he “I am excited and happy about these given to top performing academics in Staden, TUT’s Vice-Chancellor and said. awards I received tonight. I like engineer- teaching and learning as well as research Principal, the institution was recently “TUT is definitely not about accept- ing and metallurgy, and always motivate effort. Our overall performance in these ranked the number one university of ing mediocrity or second-class academic our students to get more education and two competencies over the recent period technology on the African continent, and and research performance. We must con- strive to be the best at what they do,” she has resulted in our university attaining the ninth best university in South Africa stantly strive for nothing less than high said. international acclaim and standing. This by the Times Higher Education World quality academic and research standards Dr Letshego Faith Mashele, who is very important in terms of reputation University Rankings, which uses global and outputs.” received a doctorate in finance, said it and is yet another indicator of our com- tables across the core missions of teach- The Vice-Chancellor said appreciating takes perseverance, determination and mitment to excellence as the largest and ing, research and knowledge transfer. and rewarding excellence and research hard work to excel in academia. foremost university of technology in It was also graded among the top 1 000 was important in higher education, in “My dissertation was about sustainable Africa.” best universities in the world, Van Staden order to generate a cadre of academics procurement and supply chain manage- Dr Thandi Mgwebi, Deputy Vice- was pleased to announce. “Ladies and gen- who are able to provide teaching in their ment at the University of Witwatersrand. Chancellor of research, innovation and tlemen, TUT should be known as a place respective disciplines. But he warned aca- It took me more than two years to com- engagement, said as part of its research, where value is promoted and the ‘inventor demics and the university staff members plete. It was not easy. But through innovation and engagement strategy, spirit’ is respected and nurtured,” he said. against complacency, and resting on their hard work everything is possible,” said TUT has to maintain and grow its status. Van Staden was speaking at the glitzy laurels. Mashele. To achieve this, the university council has annual TUT Academic Excellence Awards Guest speaker Dr Gillian Arendse, “We do need more South Africans to approved a total of R25.2-million for inter- held at Theunis Botha Hall in Pretoria, the deputy director of Stellenbosch have doctorates and work hard to deliver nal grants, which will be awarded based under the theme of The Fourth Industrial University, said academics must keep outstanding research in their respective on research excellence. Revolution. working hard and find lasting solutions disciplines.” “Of this total, R12.6-million is for three The awards ceremony, interspersed with to society’s pressing problems. “A comfort Dr Malesela Kekana, who received a research platform awards and R12.6- music and a fourth industrial revolution zone is a lovely place, but nothing ever doctorate in science, said he grew up in million for 10 early career development fashion show, presented an opportunity grows there,” said Arendse. a rural village in Mokopane, Limpopo, “a awards. These are to attract senior aca- to celebrate innovation, teaching and “So as we celebrate what we have place of hopelessness and angst-ridden demics and develop early career and learning, and saw hundreds of academics achieved, we are reminded of the need youth”. emerging researchers,” said Mgwebi. and staff members of TUT receive merit to keep going. We need to understand “I come from a poor village and that “The aim is to retain and attract young awards for their outstanding research that better can never be our best, but we motivated me to show others what can be post-doctoral researchers mentored by work, master’s degrees, doctoral and post- always need to go for good.” done. You don’t have to be a product of a leading academics in established labo- doctoral dissertations. Arendse also advised award recipients Model C school to be where I am today,” ratories, while concomitantly, allowing The more than 100 recipients were to never get complacent, bored or let their said Kekana. “Mathematica was my case these postdoctoral researchers to mentor from various faculties, but particularly egos get the better of them. study. We investigated if algorithms are and supervise students at master’s level.” from engineering and built environment, “Well done on your achievement, and accurate and tested them. I am over the Van Staden said great things were hap- the humanities, science, finance, human remember that every professional was moon with our results.” pening at TUT regarding its research, resource and transformation and higher once an amateur. Our efforts to grow our Professor Stanley Mukhola, Deputy innovation and academic excellence. “TUT education development and support. disciplines and ultimately our country are Vice-Chancellor of Teaching, Learning is certainly moving towards new heights, Van Staden said the awards were an grounded in the need to take people with. and Technology, said the awards were which is confirmed by its recent rankings. important marker for TUT to become a Continue to tell your story, as that might particularly significant in that they are “However, it must be remembered that global heavyweight and to remain one of just be the inspiration that somebody else being celebrated at a time when TUT is there is no time for complacency or self- the top universities of technology in aca- needs,” he said. grappling with some important educa- satisfaction regarding our achievements. demia in South Afrca, on the African con- Professor Patricia Popoola, who won the tional and vocational questions. We must continually reach for the stars in tinent and in the world. woman researcher of the year and senior “The questions are around the impact our research endeavours.” Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 37

Future of Health Index Sponsored feature The future of health in South Africa

Romulen Pillay

he Future Health Index is an inde- pendent research initiative com- missioned by Philips annually since T2015 that helps to determine the readiness of countries to address global health challenges and build sustain- able, fit for purpose, national health systems. Healthcare systems vary from country to country, but they share a common goal: they provide quality care, with improved experiences for both patients and healthcare professionals. The Future Health Index 2019 is Philips’s fourth annual index. It was based on a survey of more than 15 000 individuals who represent the adult general population and 3 100 health- care professionals across 15 countries, includ- ing South Africa. The report this year focused on exploring the impact of digital health technology on health- care professionals and patients — two elements of the quadruple aim of healthcare — the other two elements being better health outcomes and lower costs of care. Interestingly, it is the country’s biggest chal- treat patients, despite low levels of adoption. Managing director of Philips South Africa lenge that presents its biggest opportunities: The country’s healthcare professionals show Romulen Pillay explained the key takeaways using digital health technology and health more confi dence in using the technology than from this year’s South African report to the data positively impacts the experience of their global counterparts: 79% would be com- Mail & Guardian. healthcare professionals and their patients. fortable using it for patient monitoring, com- Three-quarters of the country’s healthcare pared to the 15-country average of 63%. In addi- 1. What are the key themes that have professionals reported that their experience had tion, 76% would be happy to use it to fl ag patient emerged from the Future Health Index been positively impacted over the past fi ve years anomalies, compared to the 59% in the 15-coun- (FHI) 2019? from being able to access to patients’ full medi- try average. Three clear themes emerged from the FHI cal histories. There are thus many untapped opportunities 2019 for South Africa: Using digital health technologies also helps for South Africa to further leverage AI technol- empower patients to take control of their own ogy to drive efficiencies and improve experi- Engaged and digitally enhanced health. South African patients indicated that ences throughout the healthcare system. healthcare professionals having access to their own health data makes The increasing numbers of healthcare profes- them more likely to engage with it in a way that 4. What can South Africa learn from other sionals who use technologies such as digital will improve the quality of care they receive. emerging economies that are forerunners health records (DHRs) and telehealth obtain In fact, 58% of patients in South Africa indi- in using technology to overcome access to better results and have higher job satisfaction. cated that when they have access to their digital healthcare challenges? health records they were more proactive in tak- South Africa can learn from forerunners such Empowered patients — access to data ing care of their health. as China, India and Saudi Arabia that are and more control Romulen Pillay is the Managing Director, successfully leapfrogging challenges such Individuals with access to their own health Philips Southern Africa 3. What untapped technologies are emerg- as access to healthcare by adopting digital data are far more likely to engage with that ing strongly as the solutions that can most health technology. information in ways that improve the quality African healthcare professionals are currently improve the overall healthcare experience People in India, China and Saudi Arabia who of care and their overall experience. using digital health records in their hospital or in South Africa? use digital health technology or mobile apps practice because of challenges around infrastruc- Telehealth — the remote access to and man- frequently report that the information they Learning from forerunners ture and the cost of investing in this infrastruc- agement of health — emerged strongly as an receive from their digital health technology or The experiences of digital health technol- ture. This is markedly lower than the 15-country untapped tool for healthcare professionals. mobile apps leads them to contact a healthcare ogy forerunners such as China, Saudi Arabia, average of 76%. It can bridge the gap for the 74% of South professional. India and Russia provide valuable lessons The lack of digital health technologies cur- Africans who did not visit a healthcare pro- South Africa falls below the 15-country average that all countries can apply. rently being utilised mean that only 38% of fessional when they had a medical reason to (46%) in terms of individuals tracking their own This leads to the conclusion that incorporating health professionals in the country believe that go. health indicators — 41% of patients who have new technologies into healthcare is a journey, they are empowered to deliver the best care It has the power not only to drive greater seen a healthcare professional in the last year not a one-time event, enabling healthcare profes- to their patients, whereas nearly a third (29%) access to care, but also to improve the patient have taken action by tracking their health indi- sionals and patients to adapt as needs evolve and believe that state-of-the-art technology would experience by cutting down on the amount of cators — which shows that South Africans are new challenges arise. best enable them to optimally provide care to the time they need to wait to see a professional: 88% not yet leveraging digital health technology to its whole population. of patients reported having to wait over an hour full potential. 1. What were the FHI’s key findings about Cost is also a challenge for patients, who do to see a general practitioner, while 92% had to Increased adoption and use of digital health the challenges facing South Africa’s health recognise that they have an important role to wait over an hour to see a specialist. Waiting tech among South Africans may empower peo- system? play; 86% of South African patients believe they times are considerably longer in public health ple to adopt a more proactive attitude toward The findings for South Africa clearly indicate have the biggest impact on their own health, but institutions. their health management, ultimately improving that more momentum is required to increase costs and data security hinder greater adoption Telehealth can change that: it provides an their healthcare outcomes. the adoption and utilisation of digital health of digital healthcare technologies. opportunity for the country’s healthcare system Perhaps the most important lesson to learn is technology in the country. This is why less than a third of South Africans to leverage telehealth technologies that address that the adoption of digital health technologies We see that while some South African health- use digital health technology or mobile apps to the challenges associated with the shortage of is an ongoing journey, and that both healthcare care professionals are starting to use various track their key health indicators. healthcare professionals. professionals and individuals need to adapt as forms of healthcare technologies in their day- AI (Artificial Intelligence or Adaptive they adopt them to achieve better health out- to-day work, more momentum is needed to fully 2. Where do the biggest opportunities Intelligence) also has an important role to play, comes and lower the cost of recognise and make use of their potential. for both healthcare professionals and with the majority of South African healthcare healthcare. The research showed that only 40% of South patients lie? professionals feeling comfortable using AI to

Learning from forerunners Some countries are making the most of digital health technology, moving steadily from gaining access to the technology, to using it

China and Saudi Arabia are consistent forerunners when it comes to adopƟŽŶ and use of all new technologies. Some other emerging countries, including India, are also excelling in speciĮc areas.

Percentage of healthcare professionals who currently use any digital health technology or mobile health apps:

94% 88% 88% 85% 86% 81% 82% 78% 76% 79% 77% 76% 75% 72% 64%

48%

15-country Australia Brazil China France Germany India Italy Poland Russia Saudi Arabia South Africa UK Netherlands Singapore US average

Base: Total healthcare professionals 38 Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 * Diabetes THE FAMILY AND DIABETES

When a person has diabetes it places huge demands on their kith and kin

Optimal management outcomes for diabetes are dependent on the recognition of early warning signs, early diagnosis, holistic treatment and control

he South African Demographic dangerously high blood sugar levels. Type 2 Type 2 is the most prevalent form of the support is provided within many competing and Health Survey found that 13% diabetes is often caused by lifestyle, genetic condition, responsible for around 90% of all socioeconomic priorities; family members of adult women and 8% of adult factors and is more recently associated with diabetes. Additionally, even when diagnosed who wish to provide optimal care may them- Tmen have diabetes. The Statis- other factors including tuberculosis. with both types of diabetes, maintenance of selves require an enabling platform for care. tics South Africa, Mortality and There is global and national recognition of healthy lifestyles contributes toward the con- Taking care of a person with diabetes places Causes of Death Report 2016 indicated that the need for multi-sectoral action to prevent trol and avoidance of serious complications a large burden on the family, hence the diabetes mellitus, which ranked third in 2014 and control diabetes, which includes per- including heart disease, stroke, blindness, need for both to receive emotional support and accounting for 5.1% of deaths, moved son-centred care as well as the involvement amputation, depression, anxiety and kidney and, more importantly, for their needs to be to being the second-most common natural of families and communities. It is therefore failure. aligned to responsive health systems. cause of death; it was responsible for 5.5% appropriate that the International Diabetes Optimal management outcomes are Families are also faced with the alarming of deaths. Mortality in women due to diabe- Federation (IDF) identifies the theme for dia- dependent on the recognition of early warn- costs associated with diabetes. There are the tes mellitus was the leading cause of female betes awareness month and World Diabetes ing signs, early diagnosis, holistic treatment direct costs of the disease, including hospital mortality in 2016, accounting for 7.2% of Day 2019 as Family and Diabetes. and control. Families are urged to learn and medication costs and disability grants, female deaths. The IDF encourages all sectors to more about the warning signs of both Type as well as indirect costs, such as work absen- According to the International Diabetes strengthen efforts aimed at raising aware- 1 and Type 2 diabetes. According to the teeism, time spent caring for sick relatives Federation, there were 1 826 100 cases of dia- ness of the impact that diabetes has on the IDF, research conducted in 2018 revealed and reduced productivity. betes in South Africa in 2017, including peo- family and the support network of those that most parents struggle to spot this seri- The challenges are complex, require input ple with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. The total affected, and promoting the role of the fam- ous, lifelong condition in their own children. from various sectors and must resolved adult population was 33 762 000; prevalence ily in the management, care, prevention and Despite the majority of people surveyed hav- if the country intends meeting the UN’s of diabetes in adults was 5.4%. Globally lit- education of diabetes. ing a family member with diabetes, an alarm- 2030 Agenda obligations to “leave nobody tle data exists on the number of people with Not all diabetes can be prevented. ing four-in-five parents would have trouble behind”. As we aim to improve health sys- Type 1 diabetes, but Type 2 is reported to be However, a significant proportion of Type 2 recognising the warning signs and one-in- tem responsiveness, much can be done to increasing. is attributed to preventable causes related three wouldn’t spot them at all. reduce preventable risk factors which con- The majority of people with diabetes have to unhealthy diet and physical inactivity. In More knowledge about early warning tribute toward non-communicable diseases, Type 2 diabetes, and half of those living with this regard, families and communities can be signs is needed. Mild symptoms may develop including diabetes. South Africans experi- diabetes are undiagnosed. When the body encouraged to adopt healthy lifestyles and gradually into Type 2 diabetes. On average ence the highest levels of obesity globally! becomes resistant to insulin, this results in reduce the risk of diabetes or pre-diabetes. it takes seven years for a person to be diag- Communities must be educated and respon- nosed with Type 2 diabetes, as symptoms are sive health systems etablished; health must hard to detect initially. About 30% of people come before profits. with Type 2 diabetes will already have devel- The Ministry of Health calls upon families oped complications by the time they are and communities to unite and mobilise to diagnosed. stop the horrendous impact of the commer- The support of a family member, especially cial determinants of health at the expense of for children and adolescents with diabetes, is health outcomes, quality of life and develop-

critical for good health outcomes. Often this ment of our people! Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 39 Sponsored Feature

ing pregnancy and at delivery. They are also at • blood lipid control (to regulate cholesterol • Age: although Type 1 diabetes can appear at Fact Sheet: Diabetes increased risk of Type 2 diabetes in the future. levels); and any age, it appears at two noticeable peaks. The Gestational diabetes is diagnosed through • screening for early signs of diabetes-related first peak occurs in children between four and Key facts prenatal screening, rather than reported kidney disease. seven years old, and the second is in children In 2014 the global prevalence of diabetes was symptoms. These measures should be supported by a between 10 and 14 years old. estimated to be 9% among adults aged 18+ healthy diet, regular physical activity, maintain- years. Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired ing a normal body weight and avoiding tobacco Complications In 2012, an estimated 1.5-million deaths were fasting glycaemia use. Over time, Type 1 diabetes complications can directly caused by diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired affect major organs in your body, including your More than 80% of diabetes deaths occur in fasting glycaemia (IFG) are intermediate condi- Global response heart, blood vessels, nerves, eyes and kidneys. low- and middle-income countries. tions in the transition between normality and South Africa is working with the WHO to stimu- Maintaining a normal blood sugar level can dra- The World Health Organisation (WHO) pro- diabetes. People with IGT or IFG are at high risk late and support the adoption of effective meas- matically reduce the risk of many complications. jects that diabetes will be the 7th leading cause of progressing to Type 2 diabetes, although this ures for the surveillance, prevention and control of death in 2030. is not inevitable. of diabetes and its complications, particularly in Eventually, diabetes complications may Healthy diet, regular physical activity, main- low- and middle-income countries. To this end, be disabling or even life-threatening. taining a normal body weight and avoiding What are common consequences of WHO: • Heart and blood vessel disease: diabetes tobacco use can prevent or delay the onset of diabetes? • provides scientific guidelines for diabetes dramatically increases your risk of various Type 2 diabetes. Over time, diabetes can damage the heart, blood prevention; cardiovascular problems, including coronary vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. • develops norms and standards for diabetes artery disease with chest pain (angina), heart What is diabetes? • Diabetes increases the risk of heart disease diagnosis and care; attack, stroke, narrowing of the arteries (ath- Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either and stroke. In a multinational study, 50% of • builds awareness of the global epidemic of erosclerosis) and high blood pressure. when the pancreas does not produce enough people with diabetes die of cardiovascular dis- diabetes; celebration of World Diabetes Day ( • Nerve damage (neuropathy): excess sugar insulin or when the body cannot effectively use ease (primarily heart disease and stroke). November 14); and can injure the walls of the tiny blood vessels the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone • Combined with reduced blood flow, neurop- • conducts surveillance of diabetes and its (capillaries) that nourish your nerves, espe- that regulates blood sugar. athy (nerve damage) in the feet increases the risk factors. cially in the legs. This can cause tingling, Hyperglycaemia, or raised blood sugar, is a chance of foot ulcers, infection and the even- The WHO global strategy on diet, physi- numbness, burning or pain that usually common effect of uncontrolled diabetes and tual need for limb amputation. cal activity and health complements its dia- begins at the tips of the toes or fingers and over time leads to serious damage of many • Diabetic retinopathy is an important cause betes work by focusing on population-wide gradually spreads upward. Poorly controlled of the body’s systems, particularly the nerves of blindness, and occurs as a result of long- approaches to promote healthy diet and regular blood sugar could cause you to eventually lose and blood vessels. term accumulated damage to the small blood physical activity, thereby reducing the growing all sense of feeling in the affected limbs. vessels in the retina. One percent of global global problem of overweight and obesity. • Damage to the nerves that affect the gastro- Type 1 diabetes blindness can be attributed to diabetes. intestinal tract can cause problems with nau- There is no cure yet, but it can be managed to • Diabetes is among the leading causes of kid- The role of insulin sea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation. For prevent complications. ney failure. Once a significant number of islet cells are men, erectile dysfunction may be an issue. Type 1 diabetes, once known as juvenile • The overall risk of dying among people with destroyed, you’ll produce little or no insulin. • Kidney damage (nephropathy): the kidneys diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, is a diabetes is at least double the risk of their Insulin is a hormone that comes from a gland contain millions of tiny blood vessel clusters chronic condition in which the pancreas pro- peers without diabetes. situated behind and below the stomach called that filter waste from your blood. Diabetes can duces little or no insulin. Insulin is a hormone the pancreas. damage this delicate filtering system. Severe needed to allow sugar (glucose) to enter the Prevention • The pancreas secretes insulin into the damage can lead to kidney failure or irrevers- cells to produce energy. Simple lifestyle measures have been shown to bloodstream. ible end-stage kidney disease, which requires Different factors, including genetics and be effective in preventing or delaying the onset • Insulin circulates, allowing sugar to enter dialysis or a kidney transplant. some viruses, may contribute to Type 1 diabe- of Type 2 diabetes. your cells. • Eye damage: diabetes can damage the blood tes. Although it usually appears during child- To help prevent Type 2 diabetes and its com- • Insulin regulates the amount of sugar in your vessels of the retina (diabetic retinopathy), hood or adolescence, it can also develop in plications, people should: bloodstream. potentially causing blindness. Diabetes also adults. • achieve and maintain healthy body weight; • As your blood sugar level drops, so does the increases the risk of other serious vision con- Despite active research, Type 1 diabetes as • be physically active — at least 30 minutes of secretion of insulin from your pancreas. ditions, such as cataracts and glaucoma. yet has no cure. Treatment focuses on manag- regular, moderate-intensity activity on most • Foot damage: nerve damage in the feet or ing blood sugar levels with insulin, diet and days. More activity is required for weight The role of glucose poor blood flow to the feet increases the risk lifestyle to prevent complications. control; Glucose is the main source of energy for the of various foot complications. Left untreated, • eat a healthy diet of between three and five cells that make up muscles and other tissues. cuts and blisters can become serious infec- servings of fruit and vegetables a day, and • Glucose comes from two major sources: food tions that may ultimately require toe, foot or Symptoms reduce sugar and saturated fats intake; and and your liver. leg amputation. Type 1 diabetes signs and symptoms can appear • avoid tobacco use — smoking increases the • Sugar is absorbed into the bloodstream, where • Skin and mouth conditions: diabetes may relatively suddenly and may include: risk of cardiovascular diseases. it enters cells with the help of insulin. leave you more susceptible to infections of • Increased thirst •Your liver stores glucose as glycogen. the skin and mouth, including bacterial and • Frequent urination Diagnosis and treatment • When your glucose levels are low, such as fungal infections. Gum disease and dry mouth • Bed-wetting in children who previously didn’t Early diagnosis can be accomplished through when you haven’t eaten in a while, the liver also are more likely. wet the bed during the night relatively inexpensive blood testing. breaks down the stored glycogen into glucose to • Pregnancy complications: high blood sugar • Extreme hunger Treatment of diabetes involves lowering blood keep your glucose levels within a normal range. levels can be dangerous for both mothers • Unintended weight loss glucose and the levels of other known risk fac- In Type 1 diabetes, there’s no insulin to allow and babies. The risk of miscarriage, stillbirth • Irritability and other mood changes tors that damage blood vessels. Stopping smok- glucose into the cells, so sugar builds up in your and birth defects increases when diabetes • Fatigue and weakness ing is also important to avoid complications. bloodstream. This can cause life-threatening isn’t well controlled. For the mother, dia- • Blurred vision complications. betes increases the risk of diabetic ketoaci- Interventions that are both cost-saving dosis, diabetic eye problems (retinopathy), When to see a doctor and feasible in developing countries Risk factors pregnancy-induced high blood pressure and Consult your doctor if you notice any of the include: Some known risk factors for Type 1 diabetes preeclampsia. above signs and symptoms in you or your • moderate blood glucose control. People with include: child. Type 1 diabetes require insulin; people with • Family history: anyone with a parent or sib- Prevention Type 2 diabetes can be treated with oral medi- ling with Type 1 diabetes has a slightly increased There’s no known way to prevent Type 1 dia- Causes cation, but may also require insulin; risk of developing the condition. betes, but researchers are working on prevent- The exact cause of Type 1 diabetes is • blood pressure control; and • Genetics: the presence of certain genes indi- ing the disease or further destruction of the unknown. Usually, the body’s own immune • foot care. cates an increased risk of developing Type 1 islet cells in people who are newly diagnosed. system — which normally fights harmful bac- diabetes. Ask your doctor if you might be eligible for teria and viruses — mistakenly destroys the Other cost-saving interventions include: • Geography: the incidence of Type 1 diabetes one of these clinical trials, but carefully weigh insulin-producing islet of Langerhans cells in • screening and treatment for retinopathy tends to increase as you travel away from the the risks and benefits of any treatment available the pancreas. Other possible causes include: (which causes blindness); equator. in a trial. • Genetics • Exposure to viruses and other environmen- tal factors

Type 2 diabetes Type 2 diabetes (formerly called non-insulin- dependent or adult-onset) results from the body’s ineffective use of insulin. Ninety percent of people with diabetes around the world have Type 2 diabetes, and it is largely the result of excess body weight and physical inactivity. Symptoms may be similar to those of Type 1 diabetes, but are often less marked. As a Adopting a healthy lifestyle significantly result, the disease may only be diagnosed reduces the risk of contracting diabetes several years after onset, once complications have already arisen. Until recently this type of diabetes was seen only in adults, but it is now also occurring in children.

Gestational diabetes Gestational diabetes is hyperglycaemia with blood glucose values above normal but below those diagnostic of diabetes, occurring during pregnancy. Women with gestational diabetes are at an increased risk of complications dur- Mail & Guardian 40 November 22 to 28 2019 & Mail Guardianwww.mg.co.za To advertise in this section please contact: Vanessa 011 250 7450 Ilizma 063 026 7450 Careers Elsie 011 250 7580 Lesedi 011 250 7430

Advertorial Choosing life sciences in high school

Life sciences help us to understand ourselves – and our environment

ife sciences or biological sciences College Centurion. comprise the branches of science The study of the life sciences provides impor- that involve the scientific study of life tant insight into disease processes and allows Land organisms such as microorgan- for the development of novel therapeutic and isms, plants, and animals, including innovative medical devices, thereby directly human beings. Life sciences is one of the two improving human health. Life sciences also major branches of natural science, the other help us understand the environment and the being physical science, which is concerned other living species with which we share the with non-living matter. earth. This knowledge guides conservation Some life sciences focus on a specific type of efforts. organism. For example, zoology is the study of Life sciences empower us to answer funda- animals, while botany is the study of plants. mental questions about ourselves: Where did Other life sciences focus on aspects common we come from? What are we made of? What to all or many life forms, such as anatomy and is the basis for the miracle of our existence? genetics. Some focus on the micro scale, such What is our place in the natural world, in the as molecular biology and biochemistry, and tree of life? Life sciences reveal more about our other on larger scales, for instance cytology, existence and our real identities. immunology, ethology and ecology. Another If you take biology or life science as one of major branch of life sciences — neuroscience your subjects, it can open a lot of opportuni- — involves understanding the mind. ties. It is a multi-discipline field that requires Discoveries made in life sciences are help- you, as a student, to learn, apply, evaluate and ful for improving our quality and standard of to do practical work. While some view life sci- life and can be applied to health, agriculture, ence as a hard and boring subject, it is actually medicine and the pharmaceutical and food sci- one of the most interesting. ence industries. Important ways to help one master this sub- In the grade 12 syllabus, Abbotts covers a ject are: section on genetics and the study of DNA. • Listen carefully in class Abbotts College Centurion students learning about Life Sciences. Genetics is a branch of biology concerned • Immediately review what has been taught with the study of genes, genetic variation, and •Keep reading. jobs you can find in the life sciences sector: protect the environment. heredity in organisms. Though heredity had been observed for mil- Career opportunities Biomedical scientist Clinical research associate lennia, Gregor Mendel, a 19th century scientist One thing that learners need to remember Biomedical scientists examine medical sam- Clinical research associates organise and run and Augustinian friar, was the first to study is that after mastering the subject, there are ples, for example, blood and tissue, thereby trials to test the safety of new medicines and genetics scientifically. Mendel studied "trait plenty of career opportunities available to helping doctors to diagnose and treat diseases. to see if they work efficiently. They choose and inheritance" — patterns in the way traits are them. They use their knowledge and test results to set up sites where tests take place, supervise handed down from parents to offspring. He Those who are interested in the field of biol- advise and support doctors and other medi- trials and monitor the quality of data from the observed that organisms (pea plants) inherit ogy can decide to become social or medical cal staff. Biomedical scientists need in-depth trials. traits by way of discreet "units of inheritance". researchers, or go the industry route. Careers knowledge of areas such as pathology, anat- Industrial pharmacist Today we call these units “genes” and the open up in tourism, conservation, agricul- omy and physiology. Industrial pharmacists are involved in the dis- study of them “genetics”. ture, journalism, veterinary science, environ- covery and development of safe, effective drugs It may sound complicated, but genetics is mental law, biotechnology, biochemistry and Biotechnologist and medicines. They can work at any stage of the section that many teachers are passion- medicine. Biotechnologists combine biology, the sci- the process, including research, development, ate about. There is such a sense of gratifica- Students who choose this subject must pre- ence of living things, with technology. They clinical trials, overseeing production, quality tion when learners ask questions about why pare themselves for a lot of work. There is lots research and develop the use of biology to testing, marketing and applying to have drugs they have certain characteristics from their to learn, meaning that the workload may seem solve problems in areas such as healthcare, the legally registered. mom or dad and, once you go through the overwhelming at times, but students need to pharmaceutical and chemical industries, agri- content with them, a light bulb switches on. know how to apply knowledge as well as how culture, food production and environmental Research assistant “As a teacher, it’s remarkable to witness,” says to evaluate and understand it. protection. A research assistant is a researcher employed, James Messian, life sciences teacher at Abbotts Here’s a handy summary of the different often on a temporary contract, by a univer- Biochemist sity or a research institute, for the purpose Biochemists study the chemistry of life. They of assisting in academic research. Research investigate life's processes at the level of mol- assistants are not independent and report to ecules, using their knowledge to identify and a supervisor or principal investigator. They solve biological problems. They research are often educated to degree level and may be and develop new products and processes to enrolled in a postgraduate degree programme benefit a wide range of areas, including food and teaching at the same time. processing, pharmaceuticals, healthcare and agriculture. Bioinformatician Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field Computational biologist that develops methods and software tools for Computational biology involves the develop- understanding biological data. As an inter- ment and application of data-analytical and disciplinary field of science, bioinformatics theoretical methods, mathematical modelling combines computer science, statistics, math- Recognising that diversity is important in achieving excellence, Rhodes University and computational simulation techniques ematics and engineering to study and process especially encourages South African members of designated groups to apply. to the study of biological, behavioural, and biological data. ACADEMIC POSITIONS social systems. The field is broadly defined DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING and includes foundations in computer science, James Messian is a life sciences teacher at applied mathematics, animation, statistics, Abbotts College Centurion Associate Professor biochemistry, chemistry, biophysics, molecu- lar biology, genetics, genomics, ecology, evolu- James grew up in Johannesburg, where he DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION tion, anatomy, neuroscience, and visualisation. went to Hoërskool Vorentoe and thereafter Associate Professor/Senior Lecturer studied Zoology and Ecology at Witwa- Microbiologist tersrand University. In 2009 he started CLOSING DATE: MONDAY, 09 DECEMBER 2019 AT 12H00. Microbiologists study the biology and chem- teaching Life Sciences at Dowerglen High- istry of microbes. They apply this knowledge school and moved to Abbotts College Centu- If you have not been contacted within a month of the closing date, please consider your application unsuccessful. For application forms to solve problems in areas such as agriculture, rion in 2014. He say’s “he is passionate about and full requirements, go to: food production, the water industry, medicine Biology and Life Sciences but even more www.ru.ac.za/jobs and pharmaceuticals, and how to manage and about teaching.

www.thecandocompany.co.za 47034KZN www.ayandambanga.co.za Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 41 Academic Jobs & Jobs

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2XU3XUSRVH Nal’ibali (isiXhosa for “here’s the story”) is a national reading-for-enjoyment campaign. It seeks to spark and embed a culture of reading across South Africa, so that reading, writing, and sharing stories – in all South African languages – becomes part of everyday life. Children who are surrounded by print and immersed in great and well-told stories – in ODQJXDJHV WKH\ XQGHUVWDQG ± DUH PRUH FXULRXV FRQ¿GHQW DQG PRWLYDWHG WR OHDUQ 7KH\ GHYHORS YRFDEXODU\ VWUHQJWKHQ PHPRU\ DQG QXUWXUH LPDJLQDWLRQ 7KH\¶UH PRUH OLNHO\ WR become readers themselves, and to do well in school across all subjects. Since 2012, Nal’ibali has worked with state, civil society and business partners to make sure HYHU\6RXWK$IULFDQFKLOGKDVRSSRUWXQLWLHVWRIDOOLQORYHZLWKERRNVDQGVWRULHV7KURXJK advocacy, training, support and high-quality reading material, Nal’ibali is helping to nurture a reading nation. 7KLVSRVLWLRQLVEDVHGDWWKH1DO¶LEDOLKHDGRI¿FHLQ0RZEUD\&DSH7RZQ EUROPEAN UNION .H\5HVSRQVLELOLWLHV Delegation to the Republic of South Africa 5HSRUWLQJ WR WKH %RDUG RI 7UXVWHHV WKH &KLHI ([HFXWLYH 2I¿FHU ZLOO • Work with an HVWDEOLVKHGDQGFRPSHWHQWWHDPWR¿QGELJDQGEROGZD\VWRFKDQJHWKHWUDMHFWRU\IRUFKLOGUHQ The Delegation of the European Union to the Republic of South Africa, in South Africa by using the power of stories to build a reading culture, • Be a passionate and EDVHGLQ3UHWRULDLQWHQGVWR¿OODYDFDQWSRVLWLRQLQWKHQHDUIXWXUH articulate thought leader for the organisation on various forums, such as radio, television, newspapers, conferences, committees, podcasts, CSI platforms, etc. • Maintain existing and Accounting Assistant – Finance, Contracts and Audit Section; forge new strategic partnerships within the political, business and civil sectors to take the the campaign to the next level, • Be primarily responsible for raising funds and for maintaining Reference No. 44882. strong, informative, honest, and dynamic relationships with funders, • Collaboratively set )RUIXUWKHULQIRUPDWLRQSOHDVHFRQVXOWWKH(8'HOHJDWLRQ VZHEVLWH and drive organisational strategy and culture – and use it to motivate and inspire our large, https://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/south-africa_en passionate and diverse team across the country, and to get South Africans excited about books and stories, • Directly manage and support our CFO and COO, and actively participate 7KHGHDGOLQHIRUVXEPLVVLRQRIDSSOLFDWLRQVLV)ULGD\WK'HFHPEHUDWKRXUV in and build the leadership team • Ensure we hire the best candidates for key and senior roles &RUUHVSRQGHQFHZLOORQO\EHFRQGXFWHGZLWKVKRUWOLVWHGFDQGLGDWHV ‡7DNHXOWLPDWH¿GXFLDU\UHVSRQVLELOLW\IRUWKHZD\WKDWIXQGVDUHPDQDJHG‡%HWKH¿QDOFRXUW in internal disputes and participate in rare serious disciplinary matters. Interested persons are invited to submit applications bearing in mind that the EU Delegation to the Republic of South Africa reserves the right to remove or modify these 5HTXLUHPHQWV • A passion for what we do! • Proven track record of executing strategy in a rapidly growing environment • Experience in leading teams in diverse geographically job offers. 11416M&G dispersed locations • Postgraduate degree in development, business, education, behaviour FKDQJHHFRQRPLFVDQWKURSRORJ\VRFLRORJ\RURWKHUUHODWHG¿HOGV‡$ELOLW\WRFRPPXQLFDWH (verbal and written) in English and at least one additional African language • At least 5-10 years’ experience in senior management positions • Strong communication skills and a FRQ¿GHQWSXEOLFVSHDNHU‡([SHULHQFHPDQDJLQJUHODWLRQVKLSVZLWKIXQGHUVDQGSDUWQHUV‡ Ability to think big picture, as well as drill into the details • Experience working with a board of trustees / directors • Experience in managing large budgets • Great interpersonal skills • 6WURQJPXOWLWDVNLQJDQGSUREOHPVROYLQJVNLOOV‡7UDFNUHFRUGRIPDQDJLQJRUJDQLVDWLRQDO VACANCY ¿QDQFLDO VXVWDLQDELOLW\LQFOXGLQJ VWURQJ IXQGUDLVLQJ VNLOOV ‡ ([SHULHQFH LQ WKH 1*2 VHFWRU Housing Company Tshwane (HCT) is a municipal entity solely Experience working with USAID will be an advantage • Prepared to travel regularly in and out owned by the City of Tshwane mandated with development and of South Africa • Will be required to work long hours. management of the social and affordable housing in the City RI7VKZDQHVHHNVWR¿OOWKHIROORZLQJSRVLWLRQV$SSRLQWPHQWLQ In line with EE targets, preference will be given to black (African) South African candidates. these positions will be subject to the signing of an employment $UHPXQHUDWLRQSDFNDJHFRPPHQVXUDWHZLWKUHVSRQVLELOLWLHVLVRQRIIHUIRUWKLVH[FLWLQJ FRQWUDFWDQGSHUIRUPDQFHDJUHHPHQW SRVLWLRQZKLFKLVDWWKHKHOPRI1DO¶LEDOL¶VOHDGHUVKLSWHDP 6KRXOG\RXPHHWWKHDERYHUHTXLUHPHQWVSOHDVHHPDLO\RXURQHSDJHPRWLYDWLRQDOOHWWHU INTERNAL / EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS DQG&9WRZRUN#QDOLEDOLRUJZLWK\RXUQDPHDQGVXUQDPHDQGSRVLWLRQWLWOHRQWKH PARALEGAL & COMPLIANCE X1 (Permanent) - REF: 001/102019 VXEMHFWOLQH HJ-RH6RDS&(2  &ORVLQJGDWHIRUDSSOLFDWLRQV'HFHPEHU The HCT seeks to appoint a Paralegal professional to assist with legal support services and to ensure compliance with statutory and regulatory requirements and that decisions of the board of GLUHFWRUVDUHLPSOHPHQWHG

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The closing date: 3rd December 2019 The Working Earth 11-22441 11411M&G 42 Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 Jobs

FREE STATE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT

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DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY PAYROLL MANAGER

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For detailed information on the above post/s visit our website at: www.westerncape.gov.za/health-jobs Candidates are welcome to access the website at Cape Gateway address: 4 Dorp Street, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. Closing date: The WCG is guided by the principles 13 December 2019 of Employment Equity. Candidates with disabilities are encouraged to apply and an indication in this regard would be appreciated. 11412M&G 138397 M&G www.thecandocompany.co.za Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 43

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(LEVEL 9) Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 45 Jobs & Tenders

UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND

UNFPA, the United Nations Population Fund, expands the possibilities for women and young people to lead healthy and productive lives. UNFPA is the lead United Nations agency for delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe and every young SHUVRQ¶VSRWHQWLDOLVIXO¿OOHG

VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENTS

1. Programme Specialist, Pretoria, South Africa : Fixed Term Appointment (NOC) 2. Programme Analyst, Bisho, Eastern Cape, South Africa: Fixed Term Appointment (NOB) SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY Applications: Closing date for this announcement: 06 December 2019 GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT Please note that Interested candidates are asked to complete the online application found by INSTITUTE (SADC-GMI) using the link below: WORLD BANK ASSISTED Project ID: P127086 Job Opening ID: 27282, Issuance Date: 22 November 2019 Posting Title: National Post: Programme Specialist, Pretoria, South REQUEST FOR EXPRESSIONS OF INTEREST (EOI) CONSULTING Africa, NOC SERVICES – FIRMS SELECTION CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR CAPTURING LESSONS LEARNT AND DESIGNING OF To view this Job Opening, visit: A NEW SADC GROUNDWATER PROGRAMME https://hr.partneragencies.org/psp/UNDPP1HR/EMPLOYEE/HRMS/c/UN_R_ Contract No: CS/2019/30 RECRUITMENT.UN_R_JO_DTL.GBL?Page=UN_R_JO_DTL&Action=U&HRS_JOB_ BACKGROUND: The Southern African ii. Conduct consultations with potential financiers OPENING_ID=27282 Development Community Groundwater to establish the appetite to fund aspects of the Management Institute (SADC-GMI) is a regional proposed new programme. Target institutions/ Job Opening ID: 27284, centre of excellence on groundwater management programmes for this consultation should include Posting Title: National Post: Programme Analyst, Bisho, Eastern Cape, hosted by the University of the Free State in GEF, CIWA, Green Climate Fund, Adaptation Bloemfontein, South Africa on behalf of and under Fund, World Bank, BGR, BGS, USAID, SADC South Africa, NOB the strategic guidance of the SADC Secretariat, Secretariat, GIZ, etc. The full list of stakeholders Directorate of Infrastructure and Services – Water to be consulted will be finalised during the To view this Job Opening, visit: Division, in Gaborone, Botswana. The SADC-GMI inception phase. iii. Produce a document https://hr.partneragencies.org/psp/UNDPP1HR/EMPLOYEE/HRMS/c/HRS_HRPM. received a grant from the GEF and CIWA through containing bankable project components that HRS_JOB_OPENING.GBL?Page=HRS_JOB_OPENING&Action=U&HRS_JOB_OPENING_ the World Bank to implement the Sustainable can be implemented in the next 10 years split ID=27284 Groundwater Management in SADC Member into two-five year periods. This document should 11417M&G States project (P127086) until 31 December be designed holistically to cover all identified 2020. SADC-GMI intends to deploy a portion of groundwater issues in the SADC region such this grant to fund the consultancy services for that different partners and stakeholders bringing “Capturing lessons learnt and designing of a new support for groundwater in the region use this SADC groundwater programme”. document as an entry point.

& OBJECTIVE OF THE ASSIGNMENT: This ELIGIBILITY: Interested consultancy firms are Mail Guardianwww.mg.co.za request for EOI aims to enlist a firm to: requested to submit an expression of interest a. Develop a background document on the (EOI). The Expression of Interest should include Academics & Courses emerging issues and lessons learnt from the following details which will also be the EOI implementation of the Sustainable Groundwater Evaluation Criteria; Management in SADC Member States project, CONTACT: and b. Develop a bankable project proposal a) Valid Business License b) Registration document for implementation of a new SADC Certificate of TIN and VAT c) Company Certificate Ilizma 063 026 7450 Groundwater programme from 2021 Registration/Incorporation (Evidence showing that the firm is a legal entity)**; d) Availability of Specific Tasks and Activities: In order to fulfil Professional Key Staff with Suitable Qualifications Vanessa 011 250 7450 the objectives of this assignment, the consultants in the field of the assignment**; e) Evidence of at will be required undertake the following non- least 3 similar projects previously successfully exhaustive key tasks: completed, of which 1 was in the SADC region**; f) Evidence showing the technical and managerial a. Capturing Lessons learnt and identifying capabilities of the firm in the field of assignment CITY OF CAPE TOWN JOB OPPORTUNITY emerging issues at local, national, regional and and handling assignments of similar complexity**; global levels. In order to perform this task, the g) Brief description (not more than 3 pages) of The City of Cape Town promotes and applies the principles of employment equity. In line with following activities will be performed: i. Conduct the proposed Methodology of carrying out the the City’s corporate employment equity and diversity strategy, equity policy, plan and targets, desktop study of documents to be provided by assignment**; h) The EOI submission should not preference will be given to suitably qualifi ed candidates from the designated groups. SADC-GMI (document list to be provided in exceed 30 pages** the Terms of Reference for shortlisted firms). ii. Conduct interviews of key informants to be Note: Items marked with ** are mandatory 7!4%2ȩ!.$ȩ7!34%ȩsȩ7!4%2ȩ!.$ȩ3!.)4!4)/.ȩ7!4%2ȩ$%-!.$ȩ-!.!'%-%.4ȩ!.$ȩ342!4%'9 identified in liaison with SADC-GMI on Grant and and failure to comply or submit requisite (9$2!5,)#ȩ-!34%2ȩ0,!..).'ȩ30%#)!,)34 Project Agreements signed among World Bank, documentation on any one of them will lead 4#/%ȩ3!,!29ȩ#/--%.#).'ȩ&2/-ȩ2ȩȩ0%2ȩ!..5-ȩsȩ2%&ȩ73ȩ GEF, SADC Secretariat, University of the Free to automatic disqualification of the entire State and SADC-GMI. iii. Evaluate the SADC- submission. Requirements: sȩ"4ECHȩINȩ#IVILȩ%NGINEERINGȩORȩ(IGHERȩDEGREEȩsȩ5PȩTOȩȩYEARSȩRELEVANTȩEXPERIENCE ȩOFȩWHICHȩȩ GMI’s founding documents as a not-for-profit YEARSȩSHOULDȩHAVEȩBEENȩINȩAȩSUPERVISORYȩORȩMANAGEMENTȩROLEȩsȩ!ȩVALIDȩDRIVERSȩLICENCE company in South Africa based in Bloemfontein, SCHEDULE AND DURATION OF ASSIGNMENT: and its effectiveness in delivering its mandate as This consultancy is a once-off engagement Key Performance Areas: sȩ#O ORDINATEȩTHEȩEVALUATIONȩOFȩTHEȩ#ITYSȩDEVELOPMENTȩPROPOSALSȩANDȩSETTINGȩOFȩ a Centre of Excellence for groundwater in SADC. involving the deployment of a total of 110 CONDITIONSȩRELATINGȩTOȩTHEȩ$EPARTMENTSȩINFRASTRUCTUREȩBYȩMAKINGȩUSEȩOFȩEXISTINGȩHYDRAULICȩMODELSȩsȩ0ROVIDEȩ iv. Undertake an internal operational capacity man-days by the 3 key experts in the fields of CO ORDINATEDȩINPUTȩTOȩTHEȩ#ITYȩANDȩREGIONALȩSTAKEHOLDERȩSTRATEGIESȩANDȩPLANS ȩINCLUDINGȩTHEȩ#ITYSȩ!NNUALȩ2EPORTȩ assessment of SADC-GMI in relation to its Organisational Development, Groundwater and operational needs as a regional Centre of Institutional Finance over a period of 5 months. TOȩENSUREȩCONTEXTUALȩALIGNMENTȩOFȩ$EPARTMENTALȩ0LANNINGȩsȩ$EVELOPȩALIGNMENTȩOFȩTHEȩ$EPARTMENTSȩ YEARSȩ Excellence for groundwater and evaluate the Further details will be shared with the shortlisted #APITALȩBUDGETȩANDȩLONG TERMȩ#APITALȩ2EQUIREMENTȩ3CHEDULEȩsȩ$EVELOPȩTHEȩ:ONALȩ7ATERȩBALANCE ȩENSUREȩITȩISȩ needs in relation to the hosting arrangements firm(s) in the TOR contained in the Request for UPDATEDȩMONTHLYȩANDȩREPORTEDȩONȩTOȩALLȩPARTICIPANTSȩANDȩSTAKEHOLDERSȩsȩ%NSUREȩSPECIALȩBUSINESSȩIMPROVEMENTȩ and the Service Level Agreement signed with the Proposal document. PROJECTSȩORȩPROGRAMMESȩAREȩDEVELOPED ȩIMPLEMENTEDȩANDȩHANDEDȩOVERȩONȩCOMPLETION ȩINCLUDINGȩFORȩTHEȩ University of the Free State. v. Conduct a Cost- APPOINTMENTȩOFȩCONSULTANTS ȩSERVICEȩPROVIDERSȩORȩCONTRACTORSȩsȩ-ANAGEȩTHEȩ1UALITYȩ-ANAGEMENTȩ3YSTEMȩFORȩTHEȩ Benefit Analysis of the SADC-GMI’s structure, Further information can be obtained at the operations and location vi. Capture the outcomes address below during normal office hours i.e. UNITȩTOȩENSUREȩCOMPLIANCEȩWITHȩ(EALTH ȩ3AFETY ȩCONTINUOUSȩIMPROVEMENTȩANDȩQUALITYȩPROCESSESȩsȩ%NSUREȩTHATȩ of this key task into a comprehensive Lessons 08:00 am-4:00pm, Monday – Friday at SPECIALISEDȩ-ASTERȩPLANNINGȩSKILLSȩREQUIREDȩFORȩTHISȩPOSTȩANDȩOTHERSȩINȩTHEȩ-ASTERȩ0LANNINGȩSECTIONȩAREȩDEVELOPEDȩ Learnt and Emerging Issues Document. The [email protected] ANDȩSUSTAINEDȩANDȩRESOURCESȩAREȩEFFECTIVELYȩANDȩEFlȩCIENTLYȩMANAGED outline layout of the document will be discussed Applicants must submit electronic and agreed during the Inception period. vii. Expressions of Interest (EOI) by e-mail to CLOSING DATE: 06 DECEMBER 2019 Based on cost-benefit analysis (CBA), produce a [email protected] or submit the concept document on the proposed organisational documents in a sealed envelope by hand or Please apply online at www.capetown.gov.za/careers (external applicants) or via the SAP Portal (internal / financial set-up for SADC-GMI in a follow-up post to the address provided below by 12:00 applicants), unless otherwise stated. programme (typical context of the CBA to analyse noon (RSA Time) on 13 December 2019. sȩ 0LEASEȩQUOTEȩTHEȩREFERENCEȩNUMBERȩOFȩTHEȩVACANCYȩINȩALLȩCOMMUNICATIONS relationship to UFS, location for SADC-GMI, Note: If you do not hear from us within 4 relative cost of doing business from Bloemfontein weeks after closing date, kindly consider your sȩ #ERTIlȩEDȩCOPIESȩOFȩQUALIlȩCATIONSȩMUSTȩBEȩAVAILABLEȩONȩREQUEST vis-à-vis other locations in South Africa, etc) application unsuccessful on this occasion. sȩ +INDLYȩNOTEȩTHATȩAPPLICATIONSȩWILLȩNOTȩBEȩACKNOWLEDGEDȩINȩWRITING viii. Conduct workshop for up to 50 participants sȩ #OPIESȩOFȩSUPPORTINGȩDOCUMENTSȩWILLȩNOTȩBEȩRETURNED coming from the SADC Member States and other Tender envelopes/Email Subject Lines shall sȩ .OȩLATEȩAPPLICATIONSȩWILLȩBEȩCONSIDERED stakeholders to discuss the Lessons Learnt and be read: CS/2019/30: Consultancy Services sȩ )FȩNOȩNOTIlȩCATIONȩOFȩAPPOINTMENTȩISȩRECEIVEDȩWITHINȩȩMONTHSȩ Emerging Issues Document. The consultant will for Capturing Lessons Learnt and Designing OFȩTHEȩCLOSINGȩDATE ȩPLEASEȩACCEPTȩTHATȩYOURȩAPPLICATIONȩWASȩ be responsible for the technical inputs to the of a New SADC Groundwater Programme workshop while SADC-GMI will be responsible UNSUCCESSFUL for the associated logistics and costs to bring the Attention: participants to the workshop. Procurement and Grants Office b. Develop Programme Elements for the next SADC Groundwater Management Institute 10 years (2x5 years). The following activities Institute for Groundwater Studies will be undertaken in order to fulfil this task: i. University of the Free State Identify strategic programming needs from the Bloemfontein, SOUTH AFRICA Lessons Learnt and Emerging Issues Document Office Tel: +27 51 401 7721

www.ursonline.co.za 11417M&G 46 Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 Jobs, Tenders, Notices & Classifieds Notice

IN THE HIGH COURT The Competition Act, 1998 (Act No. 89 of 1998) (the Act) provides for the establishment OF SOUTH AFRICA of a Competition Commission responsible for the investigation, control and evaluation GAUTENG of mergers and restrictive business practices and abusive behavior by dominant firms. LOCAL DIVISION, The Minister of Economic Development, in terms of section 22 of the Act, hereby invites applications for the following position: JOHANNESBURG Call for Expression of Interest Competition Commission: Commissioner All – inclusive salary package: Negotiable CASE NO: 23095/18 The C40 Cities Finance Facility (CFF) is funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Requirements: s $EGREE IN %CONOMICS ,AW OR #OMMERCE ! POSTGRADUATE QUALIlCATION IN THIS lELD WOULD BE AN ADVANTAGEYEARSWORKINGEXPERIENCEWITHATLEASTlVEYEARSWORKINGEXPERIENCEATA3ENIOR-ANAGEMENTLEVEL Cooperation and Development (BMZ), the British Department for Business, Energy and IN AN ECONOMICS LAW COMMERCE INDUSTRY OR PUBLIC AFFAIRS ENVIRONMENT s $EEP UNDERSTANDING OF AND INTEREST IN In the matter between: COMPETITIONORREGULATORYPOLICYs+NOWLEDGEOFCORPORATEGOVERNANCEs3TRONGANALYTICALANDSTRATEGICCAPABILITIES Industrial Strategy (BEIS), the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) s3TRONGJUDGMENT LEADERSHIPANDMANAGEMENTSKILLSs%XCELLENTCOMMUNICATIONANDNEGOTIATIONSKILLSs!BILITYTO RENT-A-CAR DIVISION DEVELOP EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT PROCESSES WITH STRONG INTERPERSONAL SKILLS s 0OLICY DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS SKILLS BARLOWORLD as well as the Children’s Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF). It is implemented by a s &INANCIAL PLANNING AND BUDGETING SKILLS s !BILITY TO LEAD AND MANAGE MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAMS AND WORK THROUGH partnership of the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group (C40) and the Deutsche Gesellschaft COMPLEXITY Applicant Key responsibility:s2EPORTINGTOTHE-INISTER THE#OMMISSIONERWILLBEREQUIREDTOs)MPLEMENTTHE!CTs-ANAGE SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. ANDDIRECTTHEACTIVITIESOFTHE#OMPETITION#OMMISSIONASDElNEDINTHE!CTs2EVIEWANDAPPROVEALLCASES PRESENTEDTOTHE#OMPETITION#OMMISSIONANDREFERCASESTOTHE#OMPETITION4RIBUNAL WHERENECESSARY LTD t/a AVIS/BUDGET Term of Office of the Commissioner and The CFF is a project preparation facility set-up in 2015 to support C40 cities in developing and 4HE #OMMISSIONER WILL BE APPOINTED FOR A PERIOD OF lVE YEARS AND THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF APPOINTMENT WILL BE DETERMINEDBYTHE-INISTER DUMA TRAVEL (PTY) emerging countries to prepare and deliver sustainable, low carbon and climate adaptation Note:3UBMITADETAILED#URRICULUM6ITAE#6 CERTIlED)$ANDQUALIlCATIONSANDMOTIVATIONLETTER!PPLICANTSWHO LTD projects. The CFF aims to support the development of new climate relevant infrastructure DONOTCOMPLYWITHTHEABOVE MENTIONEDREQUIREMENTSWILLNOTBECONSIDERED&AILURETOSUBMITALLTHEREQUESTED DOCUMENTS WILL RESULT IN THE APPLICATION NOT BEING CONSIDERED #ORRESPONDENCE WILL BE LIMITED TO SHORT LISTED Respondent and to use this experience to catalyse further action in other cities, to support greater market CANDIDATESONLY)FYOUHAVENOTBEENCONTACTEDWITHINTHREEMONTHSOFTHECLOSINGDATEOFTHISADVERTISEMENT PLEASEACCEPTTHATYOURAPPLICATIONWASUNSUCCESSFUL4HEAPPOINTMENTISSUBJECTTOTHEPREFERREDCANDIDATES understanding and engagement in infrastructure projects, and to develop the capacity of OBTAININGTHENECESSARYSECURITYCLEARANCEBY3TATE3ECURITY!GENCY33! ANDCOMPETENCYASSESSMENT7EARE NOTICE OF MOTION ANAFlRMATIVEACTIONEMPLOYER0EOPLEWITHDISABILITIESAREENCOURAGEDTOAPPLY supported cities to independently undertake similar projects in the future. Applications should be submitted to the Minister of Trade and Industry for the attention of Dr Molefe Pule, E-mail: [email protected] Economic Development Department, Private Bag X149, Pretoria, 0001 or hand delivered at the Ground Floor, Block G, the dti Campus, SEDA Building, 77 Meintjies Street, Sunnyside, 0132. BE PLEASED TO The ultimate objective of the CFF is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase Closing date: $ECEMBER TAKE NOTICE that UHVLOLHQFHLQFLWLHVE\PRELOLVLQJ¿QDQFHIRUFLW\OHYHOFOLPDWHFKDQJHDFWLRQ,WDLPVWRDFKLHYH Kone Solutions K31383 the abovementioned the following high-level project outcomes: applicant intends making 1.(QDEOLQJVXVWDLQDEOH¿QDQFLQJRIXUEDQFOLPDWHFKDQJHLQYHVWPHQWSURMHFWV an application to the 2. developing the capacity of city administrations to mobilise and access a broad range of above Honourable Court ¿QDQFLQJLQVWUXPHQWV on 03 February 2019 3. sharing knowledge beyond CFF partner cities via peer-to-peer learning and CFF at 10h00, or soon VWDNHKROGHUVDQG thereafter as Counsel 4.GHYHORSLQJSDUWQHUVKLSVEHWZHHQFLWLHVDQGLQYHVWRUV¿QDQFLHUVDQGWKHLU may be heard for the representations. following orders:

The CFF entered into a partnership agreement with the City of Tshwane (CoT) in May 2019 1. Placing the respondent under supervision; to assist the city in identifying and implementing projects that encourage the reduction of 2. Commencing business green house emmissions. In this regard, all parties agreed on the collaboration to develop rescue proceedings in and realise the establishment of waste water to energy generation plant at Zeekoegat Waste terms of section 131 Water Treatment works through a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plant. GIZ and CFF of the Companies Act, is now seeking a Transaction Advisor (T/A) to assist the city in considering its contracting 71 of 2008 “the Act”; options in building and operating the said plant. 3. Appointing Mr. JJ Benadie as an interim GIZ invites eligible and professional companies with relevant experience and local practitioner who presence in South Africa to participate in this tender. Expression of Interest forms are satisfi es the provisions available for downloading until 29 November 2019 at the following link https://www.giz. of section 138 of de/en/worldwide/74906.html. Completed forms must be submitted to ZA_Quotation@ the Act, pending giz.de by 06 December 2019. Please quote reference 83343102 when submitting the ratifi cation and/or documentation. Late submissions will not be accepted. fi nal appointment of a 11418M&G practitioner nominated by the aff ected parties in accordance with section 131(5) of the Act; 4. Costs of this application be costs in the business rescue proceedings; and 5. Further and or alternative relief.

TAKE NOTICE Call for Expression of Interest FURTHER that the accompanying affi davit The BioInnovation Africa project is funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Coop- of PAUL NEL will be eration and Development (BMZ) and implemented by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internatio- used in support of this nale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. application. The project aims at fostering equitable European-African business partnerships that contribute to biodiversity conservation and sustainable use in Cameroon, Madagascar, Namibia or South TAKE NOTICE Africa. It intends to do so by encouraging the private sector to invest in Africa and establish FURTHER that the long-term partnerships for biodiversity-based businesses. applicant has appointed POSWA INCORPORATED, What are we looking for? the details of whom are GIZ is looking for partners with concrete and economically viable proposals to advance busi- ness opportunities in Africa, in line with the objectives of the BioInnovation Africa project and REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS set out below, as the UNCTAD BioTrade principles. address at which it will accept notice and service The project is particularly interested in proposals that seek to: The South African Council for Natural Scientific of all process in these • develop new ingredients or new applications of ingredients derived from African biodiversity in Professions (SACNASP) is the legislated regulatory body proceedings. sectors such as food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals; for natural science professionals in South Africa. The ______• strengthen existing supply chains for national markets or export to Europe; Council hereby invites service providers to submit POSWA • advance compliance (including regularization) with ABS rules and regulations in Africa; and proposals for the appointment of a service provider to INCORPORATED • render concrete impacts within a period of two years. manage the continuing professional development (CPD) Attorneys for the Expression of interest programme. Applicant We invite companies and business organizations interested in partnering with GIZ to submit ‘ex- The Terms of Reference (ToR) are available on request. First Floor, Poswa pressions of interest’ (EoI) that aim at developing or scaling up supply and value chains, which House are based on African biodiversity and respect the UNCTAD BioTrade principles. Service providers should email proposals to the address No. 08 Gemsbok Lane Detailed information about the Call, the template for expressions of interest, selection criteria below by 11pm on Wednesday, 11 December 2019. Rivonia, Extension 12 and further background information are available for download at the following link: Sandton 2128 www.abs-initiative.info/bioinnovation All documents should be forwarded via email to: Tel: (011) 783 8877 Eligible European and African companies are invited to submit their expression of inter- Name: Mrs Landi Jacobs Fax: (011) 783 3354 est via email to [email protected] until latest Friday, 6th December 2019 COB. Email: shaviv.singh@ Please quote reference “BioInnovation Africa EoI” when submitting the documentation. Tel: 012 748 6500 poswainc.co.za Late submissions will not be accepted. Email: [email protected] Ref: Mr S Singh/km/ 11419M&G MAT10167 Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 47 Books You gotta be the morning aftertaste Drug user, and later dealer, Fig lives in Yeoville in skid marks, seeing he doesn’t wear underpants. the mid-1990s. Not a novel for the faint-hearted Then he shrugs into his boots, his Caterpillars, after which he pulls a Graeme Feltham Robin Williams didn’t say “Coke is black Mr Price T-shirt over his head God’s way of telling you you’ve got and onto his torso. And that’s his ig claws through the cob- too much money” as a joke. Cocaine uniform. Living on the edge: Graeme Feltham’s posthumously published novel, webs of some or other prolly was impacting on his bank He occasionally complements this ‘With the Safety Off’, explores the underbelly of society muckmare, the details of balance. strict uniform with one of two jack- Fwhich he thankfully cannot The vagaries of wealth distribution ets — a blue Armani or brown one. a swig from the Listerine mouth- your list when called for. remember. aside, what does that mean for Fig? Today he slips into the blue one and wash with promises on the label With that done, he’s back in He takes the mirror off the bedstand Means he’s broke-ass most of the then swaggers to the bathroom. that it will rid your mouth of every his room in St Michael’s Court in and snorts the line of coke he prepared time. Checks in the mirror. oral germ Big Pharma has thus far Isipingo Road in artsy Yeoville before falling asleep like a log. So it’s a good Something that looks identified and let loose on a buying and whistling “The times they are On the spot he’s awake on the dou- thing he’s not a like Noli illegitimi populace. a-changing”, making a last line of ble-bed sponge mattress with a crate propertarian. carborundum is writ- A kinda vicariously kif thrill cola for the road before finding on either side, the Hitachi L 17 on the A good thing ten on the mirror in because Fig stopped brushing his his car keys in the last place that one crate, a few books on the other he’s not into Sensodyne toothpaste. teeth at age 16 after reading that the he looks as must and can only (no library here, commensurate with things. Can’t remember CIA was experimenting with fluo- happen. his avowed unbelief in property), two Still, cultivat- doing that. ride because it induced obedience. Sam-Sam is snoring so loud that other crates that double as chairs ing feeling good Remembers his Anyways, that scared young Fig the sound from his room is reverb- scattered on the floor and against has been known Latin lecturer told off the stuff until recently when a ing through the flat. the one wall his clothes are folded in to lead to expen- him it means, “Don’t bemused dentist told him there was And with that, keys in hand, Fig wooden tomato boxes. sive tastes, and in let the bastards get no fluoride in Sensodyne. sets off to occupy the role of a copy- And that’s it. his case it has. you down.” The irony that he imbibes drugs writer-slash-conceptualiser at an ad That’s all there is in his bedroom. As with every The world really on a regular basis that chew up his agency called Launch Factory. Fig looks around and sees it is other weekday does consist of teeth is not lost on him. good. morning he pushes codes and people Can’t win them all, just splashes This is an edited extract of With the And what’s more, his headache is into a pair of Levi’s profiling the Other his face with cold water, his no 1 Safety Off by Graeme Feltham (Dye already tapering off. after sniffing the that means each shaven head requiring no hairdoing. Hard Press). The novel was pub- Coke does that, admittedly along crotch area to other continuously. Stay neat on top. That way you lished posthumously with the help with other things not as good-feel. check if there’re any Then he takes can pretend corporatophilia tops of Graeme’s son, Luke Feltham 48 Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 Lifestyle A zero-waste, vegan love nest

The founders of a vegan grocery are combating myths that self-care is a Western concept

Zaza Hlalethwa

his is the antith- esis of excess cul- ture where we pop ‘Tchampagne only to pour it on the floor and burn money because we have so much,” says Banesa Lolauoa Tseki, sitting alongside her business part- ner Anesu Mbizvo. Last year Tseki and Mbizvo opened The Nest Space in Greenside, Johannesburg, the first yoga stu- dio in South Africa owned by black women. Today they sit in the stu- dio’s recent appendage: a zero-waste vegan grocery and café. Situated across the hall from the yoga studio, the naturally lit retail space is about the size of a double garage. Instead of shelves packed to the ceiling with merchandise, items on sale sit on tables in large glass jars among potted plants and a vari- ety of crystals. This space leads out to an enclosed balcony with ample patio furniture that allows patrons to comfortably observe the traffic of Greenside’s Gleneagles Road After last year’s interview about the yoga studio, the Mail & Guardian caught up with Tseki and Mbizvo to unpack the lifestyle they are selling. “Okay, so there’s actually no such thing as zero waste,” sighs Tseki. The act of leaving a footprint on the earth is inevitable so zero-waste refers to a lifestyle in which people reduce the amount of nonbiodegradable matter they discard. The French zero-waste advocate Bea Johnson explains it as: refusing what you do not need, reducing what you do need, reusing nonperishables and recycling what is left over. In an effort to promote this, all items in the store are aligned with the zero-waste ethos. This means they either have no packaging or Green living: (from left) Anesu Mbizvo and Banesa Lolauoa Tseki (top), the co-founders of The Nest Space, which runs a yoga studio, a zero-waste come in reusable glass containers or grocery store and a vegan café. The products they sell include toothbrushes (left), soap (right) and tea (below). Photos: Paul Botes biodegradable beeswax paper that won’t harm the Earth. The unpack- and sushi platters. Seeing that the rid of because of “damaged pack- aged items, such as grains, nuts, rai- ingredients are organic and locally aging and sell-by dates that have sins, and seeds, are sold by weight. sourced, the café’s menu is based on passed,” says Van Linge. This food is To encourage customers to adopt which produce is in season and it often discarded in dumps and land- this lifestyle, they are asked to bring changes weekly. fills because the legal liability for their own containers in which to As well as promoting veganism what happens to food waste from store the produce they purchase. The that is sustainable and affordable to supermarkets lies with the retail- alternative is purchasing reusable those who are already interested in ers. “A lot of the stores choose to containers from The Nest. it, The Nest’s grocery and café aims throw it away to avoid being sued. Most of the grocery’s products to be a safe space in which cynics That’s why we remove all branding are supplied by Unwrapped Co, an who think the food is not palatable, when we receive the produce,” says online store that supplies its clients filling and wholesome can be per- Van Linge. (private and retail) with organic pan- suaded otherwise. With this in mind, Because the food that Van Linge try staples and eco-friendly house- Tseki’s and Mbizvo’s weekends are handles is perishable, she has to hold products that align with the spent hosting a buffet on Saturdays redistribute it on the same day she zero-waste ethos. It supplies The and a soul food lunch on Sundays. receives it from retailers to avoid Nest with a variety of items, ranging The ingredients for the events are adding to the tonnes that are already from your everyday grains such as supplied by Johannesburg-based being thrown away. When there rice to organic dishwashing soap. food rescue and redistribution non- is excess, Nosh offers the likes of With regards to its pricing, The Nest in which the zero-waste and vegan ditioner that are sold in soap bars profit Nosh. Tseki and Mbizvo produce for dona- aims to be as affordable as possible. lifestyle is not new to the African instead of plastic bottles; household Speaking to the M&G, Hanneke tions that go towards funding the “We’re vegan and don’t use animal way of existing. They talk about cleaning products; and zero-waste van Linge, the founder of Nosh, says day-to-day operations of the non- products so it’s quite easy because using ice-cream tubs as skaftins, an essentials including stainless steel the organisation collects food waste profit, which otherwise has very lit- fruits and vegetables are not expen- empty orange sack as a loofah sub- straws, cotton shopping bags and from various Checkers, Pick n Pay tle funding. sive,” says Mbizvo. Tseki recalls the stitute, passing down clothes and face cloths. The Nest also offers an and Spar stores. It was established “Our menus and what we have duo’s first interview with the M&G, in making rugs out of old clothes or organic fruit and vegetable box ser- after Van Linge realised how much available in store are dictated by which they said that the lifestyle they plastic bags. vice that allows clients to order and food retailers throw away when she what the Earth has to give us,” says promote at The Nest is first marketed When deciding which items to pick up a weekly supply of fresh participated in a soup-kitchen run. Tseki towards the end of our conver- towards black people, in an effort to include in the grocery’s catalogue, produce when they shop for their “I’ve built relationships with stores sation, in a bid to link the grocery remind us that holistic self-care is not the partners drew from their per- nonperishables. to collect waste and I distribute that and café to the yoga studio across a Western concept. “We need people sonal experiences as black women In addition to adding a grocery to a whole network of shelters, feed- the hall. “In everything, all we’re try- to wake up from this idea of associat- who are on plant-based diets and to its stable, The Nest’s expansion ing schemes and churches, people ing to do is encourage people to be ing things that are good for us with promote the zero-waste move- includes a café where homely vegan who are doing the feeding every mindful, to look at what they have whiteness or other than us,” she says. ment. As a result, their merchandise food is served in an airy setting with day.” and create from there. We have eve- Tseki and Mbizvo then engage in a includes basics such rice and pasta; free wi-fi. The café serves vegan cof- Food waste is not rotten. It is the rything we need and we’ve always back and forth, discussing the ways toothbrushes, shampoo and con- fee, tea, juices, smoothies, wraps produce that retailers have to get had it.” Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 49 Music Elaine is in her element

The 20-year-old singer from Pretoria has produced an EP that has topped the charts

Zaza Hlalethwa friend of his played him Elaine’s sin- gle, Slip Away, in February. The bud- laine embodies the girl ding artist manager had been look- next door aesthetic in an ing for an artist with Elaine’s R&B oversized T-shirt dress and trap-soul sound since 2018. With Eand fresh sneakers. Her no leads into who she was and how envy-worthy natural hair to get in touch with her, he sent her sits in an effortless but taut pineap- a dm on Instagram. “I told her that ple bun that draws attention to her I don’t have all the experience in the kind but matter-of-fact eyes. “Thank world but I have passion to get her you so much for having this chat to the next level”. By March he had with me, sis,” she says as we settle assumed the role of handling “her into our conversation over coffee. interviews, bookings, visibility and She can only spare an hour because, royalty administration while making even though today is her “day off”, sure that nobody takes advantage of it’s exam season and she has to her”. study. Molotsi is in his third and final With access to information and year at the Academy of Sound unmatched resources, she and Engineering where he picked up the a group of barely 20-something- means to manage artists through year-old students managed to put music business courses and mentor- out Elements, her internationally ship from his lecturer and entertain- acclaimed, local chart-topping debut ment lawyer, Nick Matzukis. EP. Barely accustomed to her new- “Besides the book and mentorship found fame, the 20-year-old artist I also stay online. Thank God for the talks me through the thinking that internet and wi-fi,” adds Molotsi. led to her becoming the first inde- pendent woman to reach the number Fashioning a bespoke sound one spot on the South African Apple The sonic aesthetic in question is Music album charts within a month. a blend between various genres Although she is from Pretoria, including trap-soul, Baroque pop Elaine is in her second year at the and contemporary R&B. Trap-soul University of the Witwatersrand, happens when a New Age hip-hop where she is studying towards a mas- beat is combined with soulful lyr- ters’ degree in law. When I exclaim ics sung in the dactylic pentameter at the thought of being a full-time flow of trap music. Artists in this student and an independent artist genre include Bryson Tiller, Jhene she shrugs off the idea of being over- Aiko and Kehlani. Baroque pop fuses whelmed because she has “always alternative rock and classical music enjoyed being really busy”. to create the sort of melancholic vibe So far, her only point of tension that Lana del Rey has going on. With this year was curating the team that regard to contemporary R&B, it isn’t would help create her signature hard to tell that Elaine’s sound and Independent: All the members of Elaine’s team are no older than 21, because she didn’t want anyone with sound. “I had to start over quite a few subject matter are akin to that of experience telling her what to do. Photo: Emile Kamanda times because what was being pro- H.E.R, Snoh Aalegra and SZA, all art- duced was not the sound I had envi- ists that she dreams of working with. Elements touches on issues of com- EP, Elaine addresses a love interest. Elaine had a manager, two produc- sioned,” she explains. Because the references to this munication, setting boundaries, “I just wanna know/ If we’re gonna ers and a photographer on her pay- sound are all American, it supports admitting fault, vulnerability and continue with what we’re doing/ roll. Although she doesn’t disclose No one is over 21 the idea that Elaine’s music does not self-care. And if so/ Are there rules and if the exact amount, she says settling All members of the team that helped fit into an “authentic” South African To create each song, Elaine fol- not/ What happens when I make a the bills took all of her allowance make Elements a chart-topping EP sound as described by local duo lowed a simple ritual: establish the mistake and what happens when I “for months” as well as unwavering are students no older than 21. This Darkie Fiction in their 2018 docu- beat, write to it and then record break your heart/ What happens if contributions from her parents, who was a deliberate move on Elaine’s mentary, Little America. Under this before mixing and mastering it. In you break my heart”. have been “extremely supportive of part, because she didn’t want to work description, a local sound can be each beat’s early days, Elaine would As simple as the lyrics are, they this journey”. with anyone who was established. picked up wherever it plays, because listen in because “it influences the convey the importance of setting “I didn’t want to be told what to do it takes its cues from music that is direction, pace and voice that I boundaries for a relationship to be The next step by someone who thinks they know indigenous to South Africa. should be writing in”. Then as soon healthy. Elaine is yet to tackle the full poten- better, I’m trying to learn and grow Elaine sighs: “That chat is tired, sis.” as the respective beats were ready, To further fuel her point Elaine tial of Elements. It is for this reason at the same pace as my team,” she The songstress says she’s stopped Elaine would get a call and either takes her time to deliver the words that she isn’t quite ready to collabo- adds. subscribing to the idea that South make her way to Elyzée’s garage in a deep whisper and sombre tone rate with other artists. Apart from And in case the public thinks her African music has to sound a cer- or Clxrity’s dormitory where she that can only come from meaning the women she emulates, the other decision was motivated by exist- tain way to be considered authentic. recorded the EP’s seven tracks. what she says. artists on her collaboration wish-list ing friendships, Elaine clarifies the Her argument is that no matter how Elaine’s lyrical style is conversa- When asked about the source of are Drake and Shane Eagle. nature of the collaborations. “We’re people categorise her sound, she’s a tional and perhaps the reason she is her lyrical approach, Elaine attrib- With the news of Elaine’s success not friends; I didn’t choose to work South African woman. able to relay layers of emotion with- utes it to being soft spoken. “I don’t as an independent artist came offers with them because I know them. I “The sounds that we are trying out being complex. In I Just Wanna like to talk. My way of dealing or from multiple record labels offer- chose them because they’re good.” to preserve are already protected. Know, like all the other songs on the processing feels is by putting them ing the artist “the same thing”: an After a handful of false starts We’ll never stop playing Brenda into a song.” opportunity to take her career to Elaine began working on Elements Fassie. There’s no need for us to find It’s for this reason that writing for new levels by introducing her to the with producers Clxrity and Elyzée. another Brenda,” she adds. Elements was a swift process that right people and reducing her work- The fourth, and most invisible mem- The bills took all happened when Elaine was going load. When asked to name the labels ber of the team is her manager, How to make a hit of her allowance through the experiences she sings Elaine declines because she doesn’t Joshua Molotsi, who describes him- The EP’s name comes from the art- the listener through, whether “in want to “close those doors forever”. self as “a young kid who wants to ist’s attempt to explore the vari- “for months” as lecture halls, while sitting in traffic, With only an EP to her name, there’s help change the South African music ous elements of love necessary for well as unwavering or in the middle of a daytime nap”. still a lot for Elaine to figure out industry” through his music agency romance to work, because, “as much contributions Making this EP was not free. By about the music industry, a journey Velocity Music Group. as love comes from the heart, it’s a the time the final product was ready she’s invested in exploring on her His role as manager began after a mind game too”, she says. As such, from her parents for distribution and promotion, own terms. 50 Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 Film

A rich life: Stills from ‘Toni Morrison: The Pieces I Am’. The documentary is directed by Timothy Greenfield-Sanders and includes an array of scholars, as well as an in-depth interview with Morrison herself. Photos: Timothy Greenfield-Sanders/Magnolia Pictures The intimacy of Toni Morrison

A new documentary examines the ‘Beloved’ of “the jumble that is black American Morrison’s career was nothing life”. if not prodigious, with more than author’s wider political and artistic signficance Oprah also features, detailing how, 10 novels, several nonfiction titles, in her book club, she had positioned children’s books, a pair of plays, a Kwanele Sosibo dent, “fully ready to go” sitter, who Morrison as the sleeper disturbing libretto and countless essays. In exhibited no nervousness in front of the tranquil. Over the course of this the film, Greenfield-Sanders mostly lthough it is popu- the camera. A friendship grew from film, these and many other speakers keeps the focus centred on her trio lated by a sizable that first meeting, with Greendfield- contribute much more to our under- of 1970s novels — The Bluest Eye, ensemble that speaks Sanders taking many other portraits standing of Morrison as a cultural Sula, Song of Solomon — and, of Aon behalf of the sub- of Morrison in the ensuing years. and political figure. course, the behemoth that is Beloved ject, Toni Morrison: The interview that anchors the Hearing Morrison speak so openly (which Morrison was initially The Pieces I Am, is also an intimate, film took place over several sessions of her childhood in Lorain, Ohio, unsure about turning into a film). quietly powerful film that invites us at Morrison’s home, with other sup- provides a layered context illuminat- Although this approach gives us a to an extended audience with the plementary interviews conducted for ing how some of the characters and pivot, what is clear is that Morrison Nobel Prize-winning author. The clarity later on in the filming process. the storylines of her books came to transcended literature. Speakers, at documentary, commissioned as part These sessions, complementary foot- be. (A childhood conversation with turns, allude to this, calling her “the of PBS’s American Masters series, age, and the cast of speakers help us to a friend, for instance, planted a seed Emancipation Proclamation of the premiered at the Sundance Fim Fes- construct a biographical outline, even that germinated as The Bluest Eye English language” and referring to tival in January and will show at the as the film is more concerned with the later in life.) her as “a literary artist”. Joburg Film Festival, which runs meaning of Morrison’s creative output The focus on her professional life, Greenfield-Sanders gives voice to until November 24. than it is with chronology. The addi- on the other hand, shows us not the latter by mapping her connec- In the two-hour film, the viewer tional elements consist of more than with verve in her trademark tie-dye, only an unyielding aesthete always tions to other works of art within the is afforded a rich perspective set just old film. They conjoin to form a who expounds on an idea relatable aware of the political import of her African-American canon, specifically around a deliberately unfolding rich tapestry that incorporates several to Morrison’s authorial approach: positions (as editor and writer), but contemporary art. He deploys these interview; an interview that — in the pieces of contemporary art. namely writing the difference between also a single mother, who, while una- works throughout the film to echo the wake of Morrison’s death in August In addition to this, the talking heads reimagining and reinventing. shamed to lean on family when she world conjured by Morrison’s books. — is an elegant last testament. The are so well selected that their contribu- There is Angela Davis, who opens a needed to, was determined to work Titus Kaphar’s Behind the Myth of documentary is directed by film- tions come across as vital, each teas- window into Morrison’s activist and out a rhythm to cohere her careers Benevolence, makes a strong appear- maker and photographer Timothy ing out various strands of Morrison’s transformative approach to editing, and role as a mother. ance in the film, as do other works Greenfield-Sanders, who first met foundational raison d’être: writing which she experienced first hand For much of the film we see the such as Kerry James Marshall’s Past Morrison when she visited his East away from the white gaze. as one of the recruits to Random striking image of Morrison her- Times, Rashid Johnson’s Untitled Village studio in 1981 for a SoHo Among the speakers is literature House, alongside others such as June self: in archival footage, in still Anxious Audience and photographs News cover portrait. professor Farah Griffin, who speaks Jordan and Muhammad Ali. photographs; in homely repose or from Gordon Parks’s Segregation Greenfield-Sanders’s initial about the transgressive power of There is Hilton Als, softly spoken with her game face on. When she is Story series. impression of Morrison, as told to Sula (Morrison’s second novel about and incisive, speaking of The Black interviewed she sits facing us head In the interview with Mike D, Mike D of Reelblack Podcast, was a friendship between two women). Book (1974), Morrison’s intervention- on, exhibiting sensitivity and an Greenfield-Sanders suggests that that she was an obviously confi- There is Sonia Sanchez, brimming ist smorgasbord, as a representation unapologetic intelligence. another function of the talking heads was to speak back to his white gaze, which, given Morrison and the con- text of her work, he felt compelled SA horror movie ‘8’ a tone-deaf start to Joburg Film Festival to mitigate. Perhaps a consequence of this is that we get a film that is The South African horror film, The problem is not so much that quite reticent to engage its sub- titled 8: Fear the Legend, tells the in 1977 the real horror scene was ject critically. We don’t get to hear story of a former farm hand fated South Africa itself — Casspirs and Morrison defend her work against to take souls to appease a demon police vans and corpses. It is that, worthy challenges, or even critically spirit reincarnated in the form of at the end of all the purging of appraise herself. As she herself says, his daughter. It is a convoluted demons, which forges an imme- she was quite certain of her superior- retelling of the age-old story diate sense of common purpose ity over her white male detractors. In sokuthwala in horror mould. among a well-meaning farmer and Greenfield-Sanders’s framing, then, All is well, other than that this suspicious villagers, William Ziel as close as Morrison may appear, fable seems to have little to do with (the newly-arrived farmer charac- there is the intermittent blur of a the setting it unfolds in, except for ter played by Garth Breytenbach) self-correcting focus. the purposes of propelling a retro- throws the most incredulous line fitted fantastical leap. of the film: “With your help we can • Cover image: Sharecropper © In interviews, Harold Hölscher, turn this place into paradise.” Catlett Mora Family Trust / VAGA director of 8 (chosen as the opening It is a cheap, sanitising line at at Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY night film of this year’s Joburg Film the end of a movie in which setting / The Art Institute of Chicago / Art Festival), speaks enthusiastically serves no real contextualising pur- Resource, NY. The image features about the international prospects pose except as a backdrop for exoti- in Toni Morrison: The Pieces I Am, of the film. “Horror is the fastest- cism. Although it is an “obvious” which will be screened today at a growing and one of the best-selling Awful: Lazarus ing at the Fantasia International kind of film to make for an industry Women in Film event at Constitu- genres in the world and this movie (Tsamano Sebe) steals Film Festival in July. Then there tired of apartheid as a framing tion Hill. was, in my opinion, an obvious kind souls to feed a demon was the “roots in African folklore device, it is quite a tone deaf begin- • The Joburg Film Festival runs of film to make,” he told City Press child he must carry and mysticism” bit, which has ning for the Joburg Film Festival. until November 24 at six venues in June ahead of his film premier- around become a primary selling trope. — Kwanele Sosibo across Johannesburg. For screening times visit joburgfilmfestival.co.za Mail & Guardian November 22 to 28 2019 51 Photography THE PORTFOLIO Deseni Soobben

I was privileged. I had a home. Yet, right before me, people’s homes were burnt to cinders. Right before me was a wasteland. People were slowly pick- ing up the pieces and leaving. There was silence. Nobody was scream- ing or talking or shouting. The land was burning … There were not many ‘men. The women were sitting, with children, waiting for their families to come home from work. They had nowhere to go. Some women con- tinued with their menial tasks, bath- ing their children in the open. Some comforted their young ones; some just sat and stared into the unknown. Where to go? What to do? Grandmothers who could not walk sat on beach chairs, waiting. It was the forced removals. Everything moved in slow motion, almost dream-like, yet this was no dream — this was their nightmare. Mattresses were burnt, however, the springs and iron structure of the bed could still be used. One man was carrying a bed on his head. Others looked hopeless, as if they didn’t know which way to turn. One woman was bathing her son, probably carrying on with the usual tasks of the day. When photo- graphs jog your memory, this evokes senses and sounds. I always felt awkward photograph- agency, Afrapix, for the overseas amid the beautiful lush landscape of removals. People still do not have still privileged. I still have a home. ing people in desperate, unfortunate unionists and activists. The photos the Kwazulu-Natal Midlands. How homes. Whatever happened to the conditions. What do you say? How do encapsulate memories of the endless can such a beautiful country have promises that every citizen will have No Defence … Only a Burnt Fence. you comfort? Is “sorry” ever enough? funerals of activists; the bullet-ridden, such stark, awful conditions? a home, clean, running water, lights, This photo was taken by Deseni Yes, these pics were important and blood-stained rondavels on the South Thirty years later, in democratic food — after all, shelter is a basic Soobben during forced removals in sought-after by our photographic Coast; desolated homes in Imbali, South Africa, we still have forced human right. Thirty years later, I am Newlands, Durban in 1986 Trigger South Africa R45.00 warning: Zimbabwe US$3 Graeme Mozambique M206.80 Feltham’s Zambia K45 Fig walks us Kenya Ksh305 through the Botswana P45.00 wild side Eswatini E45.00 / Lesotho M45.00 Page 47 Namibia N$45.00 FridayNovember 22 to 28 2019 • mg.co.za/arts PDF Replica Digital Edition R25.00 ARTWORK: ELIZABETH CATLETT / SHARECROPPER ARTWORK:/ ELIZABETH CATLETT

The Pieces I Am Page 50 Brad Binder proves a real blinder South Africa has discovered a new sporting champion in Brad Binder. The 24-year-old came within three points of claiming the Moto2 championship, the second tier of motorcycle racing. After a slow start, Binder had a scin- tillating second half of the season, which saw him win the fi nal three races on the circuit. His season reaped rich reward though as Binder has been promoted to the November 22 to 28 2019 • mg.co.za/sport elite MotoGP circuit, where he will ride for the Red Bull Sport KTM Racing team for the 2020 season.

Down down: Mamelodi Sundowns fans are not used to watching their team defeated, but the side has had a bad run lately. It is hoped that the game against the Golden Arrows on Saturday will point them in the upward direction that coach Pitso Mosimane (below) sorely needs. Photo: Lefty Shivambu/Gallo Images Downs face decisive chapter

After an uncharacteristic run of bad form, important match for us. Because we afford another loss, no matter the training on Wednesday. “Ja, we were are asking ourselves: When are we level of occasion. disappointed with the loss in the Masandawana’s aura of superiority is threatened going to turn the corner? Victory against this particu- league but hopefully we can turn “It’s very important for lar opponent would also bring it around with the cup game this Luke Feltham For context, Downs were defeated Sundowns to turn the corner a level of symbolic closure. weekend. hese are unfamiliar times only three times in the league last quickly to give us confidence It was Arrows that “We want to, as a team, get into the for Sundowns. Most of the season. Losing is simply not what for the [CAF] Champions rounded off the bad fi nal. We compete for all the trophies current crop have never this side does, let alone in quick League, to give us confi dence stretch with a that are on hand. People always say Thad to endure the “dif- succession. for the race in the league. messy but war- that we prioritise the league and the ficult moment”, to use a Such is the fragile nature of the So we are approaching ranted win at champions league, which is true, but football coach’s favourite euphe- footballing ego that all it takes to this game with all the a torrential at the end of the day we want to win mism. shatter it is a few skew bounces to professionalism Sugar Ray everything that is on the table. We No wins from three games in the a reputation that has taken years to it deserves and Xulu Stadium. also haven’t won one in a while, so league, two frustrating losses and build. This is an outfi t that’s feared what is expected of The bad this is the perfect opportunity to win 10 points off the top of the table. on every ground in the country, but Sundowns.” weather may and get our momentum back.” Diffi cult is certainly what we’re wit- each disappointing outcome erodes It’s ironic that in have sucked the Lakay pulled the trigger half a sec- nessing now. The Masandawana that psychological edge a little. their mo-ment of ball onto the pitch ond too late in that game, allowing aura of impregnability is under To the bosses at Chloorkop, there need, Masandawana but it couldn’t mask a desperate tackle to block his shot threat. can be only one solution: swerve must turn to a cup Abafana Bes’thende’s and prevent what would have been This week assistant coach and catch the tailwind. That chance competition for a superior desire to do a 90th-minute equaliser. On another Manqoba Mngqithi was in no mood arrives against Golden Arrows boost. He’ll never something with it. day, even an off-form Sundowns to mask the signifi cance of the run. on Saturday in what has become admit it, but coach Should Sundowns would have found a way to scrape out “It was only one season — when an important Telkom Knockout Pitso Mosimane arrive with the same a result. But that’s the thing about we lost to Aces and Arrows — that semi-fi nal. has continually approach this time slumps, they drag you in deeper until we lost two games in a row,” he said. “At Sundowns every game is turned his nose they can expect the someone fi nds the gumption to claw “But besides that we have always important. Be it a friendly match, up at domes- same result. the team out. made it very difficult to lose — we we would still want to go there and tic knockout “We know what to Or, as Lakay put it: “It’s up to us to would rather draw than lose. But this win it,” Mngqithi said, getting the games in recent years, fi elding weak- expect from them: give a bit more to break the ice and time, the losses to Chiefs and Arrows required platitudes out the way. ened teams that have failed to get to a their line-up and their eventually start winning — getting and a draw to Baroka are not good “But the fact that we have had three fi nal since Bidvest Wits triumphed to strengths,” winger back to the Sundowns that people results by our standards at all.” bad results makes this an even more win the MTN8 in 2016. Now he can’t Lyle Lakay said after know.” 2 Mail & Guardian Sport November 22 to 28 2019 Sport Rennie: All Blacks left it too late to offer me coach job

Newly appointed Australia coach est came in late in the piece,” he told Warren Gatland also turned down “We congratulate Dave on his Australian and I’m okay with that,” he Dave Rennie said this week that the rugby.com.au an offer to apply, focusing instead on appointment and wish him the best.” said. “Hopefully, they’re feeling that All Blacks left it too late to secure “By that stage, we’d done a lot of the Waikato Chiefs and coaching the Rennie will take over from Michael way because they care about Aussie his services, with the “proud” New homework, we were really excited British and Irish Lions in 2021. Cheika in July next year after fulfill- rugby and all I can say is everywhere Zealander now focused on mentor- about the opportunity to go to All Blacks assistant Ian Foster and ing his commitments to current club I’ve gone I’ve immersed myself in the ing their arch-rivals. Australia and that ended up being an three-time Super Rugby-winning Glasgow Warriors. community and the culture. New Zealand Rugby bosses have easy decision.” Crusaders coach Scott Robertson He is the second New Zealander “I guess we’ll be judged by what we ruled out a foreign coach for the All New Zealand has said its new now appear to be the front-runners. to be handed the job after Robbie do as opposed to what I say now. Blacks and revealed this month they coaching team will be named before New Zealand Rugby chairman Deans almost a decade ago. “But I can assure you that I care had asked 26 New Zealanders to Christmas, but it has now missed Brent Impey said he was aware that Rugby Australia chief Raelene about the future of Australian rugby, apply for the coveted job, left vacant out on at least three high-profile Rennie had been talking to Australia. Castle admitted there were no suit- I’m going to work really hard to get by Steve Hansen after the World Cup. candidates. “We have known for some time able Australians in the running, with a strong connection with the Super Rennie was one of those contacted: Along with Rennie, Jamie Joseph that Dave was in talks with Rugby Rennie vowing to get the fans onside Rugby coaches and national age- “I’m a proud Kiwi but the big thing is ruled himself out of consideration Australia, so we have been clear despite not being a local. grade coaches to ensure we’ve got I’ve been talking to Australia for a lot after opting to remain as Japan about his position regarding the All “I think Australians want their good young talent coming through of months and the All Blacks inter- coach, whereas former Wales boss Blacks head coach position,” he said. national team coached by an and good pathways for them.” — AFP Mourinho: ‘Special one’ or ‘surly one?’

The manager’s move to Spurs offers him a shot at redemption after his stint at Manchester United

John Weaver 56-year-old, hours after Mauricio Pochettino was shown the door. osé Mourinho, the new man “The quality in both the squad and in the Tottenham hot seat, is the academy excites me. Working In the hot seat: José Mourinho spent two-and-a-bit years at United but was unable to emulate the heights he back in the English Premier with these players is what has reached at Chelsea. His new job at Spurs will present the same challenges. Photo: Michael Regan/Getty Images JLeague with a point to prove. attracted me.” The Portuguese is a serial Mourinho’s arrival in English foot- League semifinals after six years oversaw a drastic deterioration in attacking football nurtured under winner across Europe but his repu- ball from Champions League win- without winning a knockout tie in performances and results. Mourinho Alex Ferguson. Those questions did tation was badly tarnished in the ners Porto had a seismic effect. the competition. did little to help himself, particularly not go away as he failed to recapture final few months of his Manchester He put Chelsea owner Roman In June 2013, Chelsea appointed in his short-lived third season, which the Premier League title. United reign, which ended late last Abramovich’s billions to spectacular Mourinho — now the “Happy One” has become an unwanted hallmark He will face the same issues at year. The man who charmed English use to end the Arsenal-Manchester — as manager for the second time. of his managerial career. Tottenham, with the club wedded to football when he arrived as a fresh- United duopoly, winning the He won a third Premier League Although he suffered damage to a tradition of flair and exciting for- faced manager at Chelsea in 2004, Premier League title in his first sea- title in his second season in charge his reputation, the Spurs appoint- ward play, summed up in their slo- labelling himself the “Special One”, son and repeating the feat the follow- before a poor start to the next cam- ment shows his stock is still high, gan, “To Dare is To Do”. left Old Trafford last December ing year before things turned sour. paign cost him his job. Even though with chairman Daniel Levy hailing Mourinho has slipped down foot- under a dark cloud. Next stop was Inter Milan, which he failed to win the league title at Old him as “one of the most successful ball’s managerial pecking order in Now Mourinho has a chance to became the first Italian side to com- Trafford, he still added the Europa managers in football”. recent years, behind Manchester prove his doubters wrong at a club plete the treble of league, cup and League and the League Cup to But he now brings baggage as well City boss Guardiola and Liverpool’s without any silverware since 2008 Champions League. United’s trophy cabinet. as trophy-winning nous. Will Spurs Jürgen Klopp. but with a sparkling new stadium At Real Madrid he tussled with Pep However, in the irritable final fans get to witness the “Special One” But he has been handed a golden and a squad of players who reached Guardiola’s great Barcelona side, months of his tenure there, or, perhaps, the “Surly One”? chance to rediscover the magic for- the Champions League final in June. winning the league title in 2012. Mourinho fell out with senior squad When the Portuguese joined mula that brought him an avalanche “I am excited to be joining a club He failed to lead them to European members, including Paul Pogba; United, there were questions about of honours earlier in his career and with such a great heritage and such glory, although he did take them blamed his superiors for a lack of how his pragmatic approach would give fans the silverware they crave. passionate supporters,” said the to three consecutive Champions backing in the transfer market; and fit in with their famous culture of — AFP SUBSCRIBE NOW

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Covington’s antics have earned him a title shot and may even redefine perceptions of the UFC

Luke Feltham new height for UFC’s popularity in 2016 — Covington was a foot- olby Covington is the note on the card. As an early-prelim Dickhead: Crowds would love it if ‘Nigerian Nightmare’ Kamaru Usman (below), beat the shtick out of Colby answer to a question you with an unremarkable fighting style Covington (above). Photos: Jason Silva/AGIF, Stephen R. Sylvanie/USA TODAY Sports would have never cared to and vanilla personality, no one was Cask: What would Donald clamouring to suggest he would go not an insignificant trip in an era Trump’s Twitter account on to make something of himself. where teams and individual athletes look like if it strapped on a pair of But then few had their eyes open to make as a matter of political pride to gloves and entered an octagon? what would be arriving in the United reject invites from the president. This animated internet troll has States national elections later that Trump has also made sure to become one of the most hated ath- year either. reciprocate the love, tweeting mes- letes on the planet and yet simulta- Covington saw his opportunity and sages of support before a fight. Sons neously stands on the precipice of pushed all his chips to the centre of Donald Jnr and Eric Trump have greatness. Equal parts caricature and the table. He donned a pair of eter- watched Covington in the arena and Trumpian acolyte, it’s impossible to nally annoying aviators, strapped on he happily promoted Donald Jnr’s know just how much of it is real or a Make America Great Again hat and new book (Triggered: How the Left him conning the system. began to religiously share the word Thrives on Hate and Wants to Silence It hardly matters to him or his of Trump. Appropriately, he impro- Us) at the latest presser he attended. ambitions; he’s put himself in the vised with plenty of his own bigotry Again, this sort of attention trans- picture and is now set to reap the and needless ranting. lates to more eyeballs on the UFC. rewards: in less than a month’s time In one wardrobe change he became But, just as Covington himself has he will fight Kamaru Usman for the the trash-talking redneck that an given up a part of his soul to become welterweight title in a bout that could incensed liberal America envisioned this vacuous zealot, so too is the UFC reshape the landscape of the division. as the cause of Trump’s win and the in danger of slipping into the com- Just what this hornswoggle per- root of their own failures. parison it so loathes: professional sonality does for the integrity of the Professional wrestling calls this a wrestling. Ultimate Fighting Championship heel turn — when someone becomes the more you’ll pay to see it happen. In that time the gimmick has spi- Usman, who has been happy to (UFC) and combat sports more a baddie with the intention of riling Credit must be extended to him ralled to a point where it’s hard to cross his arms in bemusement, has broadly is another matter entirely. the crowd. And rile them he certainly for escaping that fate and getting imagine Covington knows what’s an opportunity to end — or at least How did he get here? It all hap- did. the better of his opponents. But, real or what’s manufactured. He even halt — the circus next month. If he pened rather quickly, which is part of From there it’s simple, bloody especially in the competitive welter- became the first UFC “champion” (he doesn’t, we could be looking back at the amazement. maths. You want to see him fight in weight division, there’s no denying still carries around an interim title this matchup as a seminal moment Back when Nate Diaz fought Conor the hope he gets his mouth forcefully his ascent to the big-money fights even though it’s been stripped from in defining what it takes to succeed McGregor for the second time — a shut. The longer it keeps yammering, has been fast-tracked by his antics. him) to visit the White House. That’s in the sport. City’s financial fair play case is a test of Uefa’s mettle

Luke Feltham into being only because the old European guard (Manchester United When Manchester City executive and Real Madrid being two obvious Simon Pearce was asked if it were examples) pressured former Uefa possible to embellish a particu- boss Michel Platini into slowing the lar payment date on the books, his rise of new powers such as City, Paris response was plain: “Of course, we Saint-Germain and Chelsea. can do what we want.” Ten years after the conception What was merely a matter-of-fact of the regulations, it’s clear they’ve reply to his colleague, chief financial done as much to stall them as the officer Jorge Chumillas, has come hare’s nap did in its race against the to be seen as the maxim by which tortoise. the rich elite operate in the football The greatest irony in all of this is world on a day-to-day basis. that City are now part of the fiscal We know this thanks to German elite themselves. The club announced publication Der Spiegel, which a record revenue of £535.2-million exposed the club’s attempt to cook this week — putting them behind their ledgers to comply with Uefa’s only United in the English Premier financial fair play regulations (FFP). League. And with the Red Devils One year after the report was pub- missing out on the Champions lished, there’s no reason to believe a League, it’s possible the world’s most damn thing will be done to ensure popular side will be surpassed by City are punished commensurately. their nouveau riche neighbours by That last word is important, because this time next year. no one is buying that fines are any- With these sorts of revenues, City thing more than a tickle to an empire could balance the books just fine with voluminous bank vaults. Financial doping: City won the league last season, but face sanctions for tax tricks. Photo: Phil Noble/Reuters without the need for “financial dop- What would hurt would be an ing” and tax tricks. outright ban from the Champions it will. It ran an article last week yer put it in another leaked email: Sport’s decision to dismiss City’s The window to punish any past League — one of the possible punish- claiming inside information that the “Khaldoon [Al Mubarak, the chair- appeal at the weekend. Had it instead discretions closes with this case ments. But the investigatory cham- CFCB has cowed out of pushing for person] said he would rather spend ruled that the CFCB must leave it before the CFCB and, by now, we’re ber of the club financial control body any substantial punishment. Again, 30-million on the 50 best lawyers in all alone, then the body would have all morosely tapping our feet in the (CFCB) — the Uefa arm that would given recent history, this is hardly an the world to sue them for the next 10 been absolved of responsibility. Now, hope that it will all go away. mete out the sanctions — actually exclusive insight. years.” there is nowhere to hide. Either the body must level a pun- pulling the trigger seems too proac- Uefa is simply afraid of the infinite It must have been with hidden In many ways this agonising loop ishment of consequence or accept tive to be true. time those aforementioned bank resentment then that the CFCB is poetic. FFP was ostensibly put in the FFP project as a failure — argu- The Athletic certainly doesn’t think vaults can buy City. As the club’s law- greeted the Court of Arbitration for place to erode club debt, but came ably a fate it was always destined for. 4 Mail & Guardian Sport November 22 to 28 2019 Sport & Games

JDE 210 THE ORIGINAL SOUTH AFRICAN CRYPTIC CROSSWORD by George Euvrard Across Down 1 Birds pile out bins (8) 2 Oxen tire badly from labour (8) 9 He gets doctor to sick primate (8) 3 I admit being journalist and I have 10 Met over exercise with small been awesome (10) lures (6) 4 Made dodgy change of 11 Mollusc entwines wire in kelp leadership to be happy (10) (10) 5 Chic - in other words, sweet (7) 12 Turn back for darts (4) 6 Chew gum nervously after Woods 13 Skop die blik, for example, is leads (4) easy (6,4) 7 Move yourself with one thousand 16 Incorporated one’s alternative to kneel oddly (6) tooth (7) 8 Favourite colour spotted (4-4) 17 “Sorry” is a fake - editor (7) 14 Miserable cold is definite leak 20 Official rips me apart about a (10) learner (10) 15 Quietly set down runt at broken 22 Canvas drum is about right (4) bunk (4,6) Champ: Moruti Mthalane (right) is pumped for another victory in 23 A frock to hide carelessly into 16 Parrot a timid catch? On the Yokohama, Japan, in December. Photo: Charly Triballeau/AFP with dexterity (10) contrary! (8) 25 Where are you going, guy? A 18 Improves hers with nice stew philanthropist has the answer (8) (3,3) 19 Messy trunk emptied inside (7) 26 Take off more clothes at 21 I enter into group agreement (6) Solutions and explanations eclipse? (8) 24 Throw out grass (4) can be found at mg.co.za/ Moruti’s dream 27 Spoil (leave out intro) his first crossword exam paper (8)

Go to ‘JDE’ on facebook for in real time discussion and solutions to every JDE crossword, and talk or stalk! South Africa’s sportsman of the year enjoys his second round on top of the world ring QUICK CROSSWORD would be fighting overseas and I Eyaaz Matwadia Across Down would be a world champion,” he said. 1 Warm underwear (8) 1 Rip (4) outh African sportsman of Mthalane’s first championship 5 Jacob’s twin brother (4) 2 Rapture (7) the year for 2019 Moruti reign was marred by pay disputes 9 Fire-raising (5) 3 Fashionable male socialite Mthalane prides himself and inactivity, as he struggled to find 10 Wild — not evil (anag) (7) (3,5,4) on hard work. He also car- fights to defend his title, which even- S 11 Pub game (3,9) 4 Beautiful (6) ries the confidence that tually led to the IBF revoking his belt. 13 Sanctuary (6) 6 Drive — young ox (5) every world champion has, but does It was a point in his career where he 14 Accuse without established 7 Not yet proven (8) not hide the anxiety that pressure could have thrown in the towel, but proof (6) 8 Position in society (6,6) brings when he steps into the ring. he stuck with those in his corner to 17 Peter practised poetic ploy 12 Steady — objective (8) Mthalane is currently in his sec- help him get back up. It’s no wonder perfectly (12) 15 Strong feeling (7) ond reign as the International Mthalane pays tribute to his former 20 Natter (4-3) 16 Czech capital (6) Boxing Federation (IBF) flyweight coach, the late Nick Durandt, and his 21 Doubly (5) 18 River flowing through Tours champion. When he started out 19 current coach Colin Lathan. 22 Affair of honour? (4) and Nantes (5) years ago, he would not have been “With Nick Durandt, I used to know 23 Of private concern (8) 19 Keeled over (4) tipped as a prospect to succeed on him very well, I used to know what he the world stage with an amateur likes, what he doesn’t like and at the career record that stood at 35 wins same time, he used to understand me. and 35 losses. Our relationship was very good.” Mthalane told the Mail & Lathan’s coaching guided 14, 685 Guardian that at an amateur level, Mthalane back to gold in 2018, and it he lost so many fights because he was would be the best year of his career, still learning the art of boxing and defending his title around Asia. figuring out new techniques. His pro- The next highlight for Mthalane LAST WEEK’S SOLUTIONS fessional career currently stands at will be a fight against Akira Yaegashi Quick Crossword 14, 684 38 wins and two losses. on December 23 in Yokohama. Cryptic Crossword JDE 209 His two losses came in 2004 and Yaegashi, the former IBF flyweight 2008. While the 2008 fight against champion, will want that title back Nonito Donaire shows a loss, it may around his waist and has the height have been the first big break the and reach advantage over Mthalane. babyface — as he is known — needed. But this is where the babyface’s It was the first time that he fought staunchness kicks in. outside of South Africa, something He discloses that he’s nervous he’d only dreamt of. before every bout, but that it’s only “Those losses didn’t disturb me or because of the pressure he puts have any effect on my career, because himself under to produce a positive they were controversial losses. result. He emphasises that he draws I came back strongly, because I self-motivation from the anxiety as haven’t lost since that second fight in he believes that he is prepared for 2008, and even that fight, it was con- anything. This ultimately turns his troversial. Many people complained edginess to confidence. when the fight was stopped, so it has The faith he has in himself shows never affected me.” by what he had to say about his next A year later his next fantasy opponent: “He is a strong fighter. became reality when he was back in I respect him a lot because he is a South Africa to win his first IBF title. former champion, but for sure I will “I never thought that one day I have this one. I will defend my title.” How to play Sudoku: Place a number from 1 to 9 SUDOKU in each empty cell so that each row, each column and each 3x3 block contains all the numbers from 1 to 9. Djokovic moots cup merger LAST WEEK’S SOLUTION Novak Djokovic has called on the ing the congested tennis calendar. Davis Cup to merge with the ATP But the changes have proven Cup and believes home ties should controversial, not least because return in the early rounds. The the ATP is launching its own inter- 119-year-old Davis Cup will appear national tournament in Australia. in a new format in Madrid next “Scheduling was always an issue year, during which 18 countries for both the ATP Cup and Davis will compete in one venue over Cup,” Djokovic said. “In my opin- one week. ion, the idea, if it could happen, Under the previous system, a was [a] merger [of] the two and I winning team would have to play think it’s still open for the future. four weekends across the year and “The most ideal time of the year is top players were dropping out, cit- after the US Open.” — AFP