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Final MARD Thesis School of Continuing Education Analysis of the impact of household’s access to irrigation facilities on improving household’s food security in Ethiopia: The case of Raya-Azebo Woreda, Tigray Region, Ethiopia A Thesis submitted to the School of Continuing Education Indira Gandhi National Open University Maidan Garhi, New Delhi in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Master of Arts in Rural Development (MARD) By Haileselassie Gebremedhin November, 2013 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia i Declaration I hereby declare that the Dissertation entitled ‘’ Analysis of the impact of household’s access to irrigation facilities on improving household’s food security in Ethiopia: The case of Raya-Azebo Woreda, Tigray Region, Ethiopia ’’ submitted by me for the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Rural Development (MARD) to Indira Gandhi National OPEN University (IGNOU) New Delhi is my own original work and has not been submitted to IGNOU or other Institutions for the fulfilment of the requirements of any course of study. I also declare that no chapter of this manuscript in whole or in part is lifted and incorporated in this report from earlier works. Place: Addis Ababa Signature: ________________ Date of submission: ------------------------- Enrolment No. 099122304 Name: Haileselassie Gebremedhin Address: Mobile: 0914728628 E-mail:[email protected] Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ii Acknowledgement First of all, I must thank the almighty God who helped me to bring this work to the end. I feel great pleasure to express my special gratitude to my thesis principal advisor Dr. Mulugeta Taye for his valuable comments and assistance for the development of my questionnaire, proposal and thesis. I am highly indebted to my life-long friend Ato Solomon Gezae for his valuable input in commenting my questionnaire, proposal and thesis development. It is also worth to mention his valuable input in showing me the application of the different statistical packages particularly SPSS. My special appreciation also goes to Dr. Hail Tesfaye who generously provided me with handful materials and technical advices on the course of my thesis development along with commenting the contents of my thesis and its methodology. A special word of thanks goes to Ato Weldegebriel Zewold and Ato Netsanet Mamo for their generosity in editing the contents of my thesis. I’m also very grateful for my organization, World Food Programme for its generosity and kindness in providing me with the necessary logistics throughout my thesis work. Finally, I take this opportunity to thank my whole family and friends for their support. iii LIST OF ACRONYMS ADLI Agricultural Development Led Industrialization ARDD Agriculture and Rural Development Department Co-SAERS Regional Commission for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Rehabilitation DAs Development Agent(s) DCs Development Committee (s) DID District Irrigation Desk DESCI Dedebit Micro-Finance Institution EFSS Ethiopian Food Security Strategy EPRDF Ethiopian People’s Democratic Revolutionary Front FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia FHHHs Female Headed Household (s) Ha Hectare HH(s) Household(s) HHH Household Head IDD Irrigation Development Department IWMI International Water Management Institute Km2 Kilometer square MHHHs Male Headed Household (s) m Meter M Million M2 Meter Square M3 Meter cube Masl Meter above sea level MOA Ministry of Agriculture MOFED Ministry of Finance and Economic Development MoWR Ministry of Water Resources N Frequency (number of cases) NGO Non-Governmental Organization Odi Overseas Development Institute O and M Operation and Maintenance PA(s) Peasant Association(s) PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy and Programme RoWRD Raya-Azebo office of Water Resource Development SPSS Statistical software package SSA Sub-Sahara Africa SSI Small Scale Irrigation SSI Small Scale Irrigation SSIS Small Scale Irrigation System TU(s) Territory Unit(s) WFP World Food Programme iv WMC Water Management Committee WRD Water Resource Development WSDP Water Sector Development Program WUAs Water Users Association (s) WUTs Water Users Team (s) GLOSSARY OF LOCAL TERMS “Abomais”: Water Management Committees “Belg”: Short duration farming season “Cluster”: Team (Water Users” Team) ‘’Meher’’ long duration farming season ‘’Sirit’’ by-law (by which WUA would be governed) ‘’Tabia”: Lower level administration (Peasant Association) v Table of Content Pages DECLARATION ................................................................................................................................................. II ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................................................... III LIST OF ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................................ IV ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................... VIII CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM ..................................................................................................................... 5 1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................................................................... 6 1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS ............................................................................................................................................ 6 1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY ................................................................................................................................................ 7 1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ...................................................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER TWO: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 9 2.1 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION .................................................................................................................................. 9 2.1.1 Primary Data Collection ............................................................................................................................. 9 2.1.2 Sample size and sampling techniques ....................................................................................................... 9 2.1.3 Designing Questionnaire .......................................................................................................................... 11 2.2 SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION ................................................................................................................................ 12 2.3 DATA ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................................................... 12 2.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY ..................................................................................................................................... 13 2.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE PAPER ................................................................................................................................. 13 CHAPTER THREE: REVIEW OF LITRATURE ........................................................................................................ 14 3.1 DEFINITION OF TERMINOLOGY AND CONCEPT .............................................................................................................. 14 3.2 THEORETICAL REVIEW ............................................................................................................................................ 16 3.3 EMPIRICAL REVIEW ................................................................................................................................................ 27 CHAPTER FOUR: OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY AREA ........................................................................................... 38 4.1 PHYSICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES ................................................................................................................... 38 4.2 SOCIO -ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ......................................................................................................................... 39 CHAPTER FIVE: SURVEY RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS ......................................................................................... 44 5.1 SOCIO -ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESPONDENTS ........................................................................................... 44 5.2 INSTITUTIONAL /O RGANIZATIONAL CONDITIONS OF THE IRRIGATION SYSTEM .................................................................... 49 5.3 IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT PRACTICES WITHIN THE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS ....................................................................... 53 5.4 IRRIGATION PRACTICE AND SUPPORT SERVICES ............................................................................................................ 62 5.5 IMPACT OF IRRIGATION ..........................................................................................................................................
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