DOCSLIB.ORG

Qualitative Research and Analyses of the Economic Impacts of Cash Transfer Programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Qualitative Research and Analyses of the Economic Impacts of Cash Transfer Programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa Qualitative research and analyses of the economic impacts of cash transfer programmes in sub-Saharan Africa Ethiopia country case study report Qualitative research and analyses of the economic impacts of cash transfer programmes in sub-Saharan Africa Ethiopia country case study report FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2014 i The From Protection to Production (PtoP) programme is, jointly with UNICEF, exploring the linkages and strengthening coordination between social protection, agriculture and rural development. PtoP is funded principally by the UK Department for International Development (DFID), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) and the European Union. The programme is also part of a larger effort, the Transfer Project, together with UNICEF, Save the Children and the University of North Carolina, to support the implementation of impact evaluations of cash transfer programmes in sub-Saharan Africa. For more information, please visit PtoP website: www.fao.org/economic/ptop The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. © FAO 2014 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. ii Preface This report forms one of a set of six country case studies that explore the impact of cash transfer programmes on household economic decision-making and the local economy in sub-Saharan Africa. The research is being carried out under the auspices of the From Protection to Production (PtoP) project, a four-year collaboration between UNICEF, the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The PtoP is part of a larger effort, the Transfer Project – jointly implemented by UNICEF, Save the Children and the University of North Carolina – that supports the implementation of cash transfer evaluations in sub-Saharan Africa. The research is intended as a complement to other studies of cash transfer programmes that focus more on social indicators such as health and education outcomes. It therefore covers themes such as the extent to which cash transfers can help households to manage risk, overcome credit constraints, make productive investments and improve their access to markets, as well as their effect in stimulating local economies. This report reviews the Tigray Social Cash Transfer Pilot programme. Case studies of cash transfer programmes in Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Zimbabwe and Malawi have been completed and are available at www.fao.org/economic/ptop/publications/reports. Acknowledgments We appreciate the interest of Tigray Bureau of Labour and Social Affairs, in sharing the experiences of the Tigray Social Cash Transfer Pilot programme as part of this multi-country research. We also warmly acknowledge their contributions to technical discussions and to facilitating the fieldwork. We thank the staff of the Woreda-level Bureau of Labour and Social Affairs of Hintalo Wajirat and Abi Adi woredas for their willingness to share their insights, as well as the time spent by the Community Care Coalitions in the study locations to ensure a successful field experience. A sincere thank you to all the individuals in the communities visited who generously shared their time and views with us. The Ethiopia case study has been carried out by Oxford Policy Management (OPM), a development consultancy in the UK, in partnership with Mekelle University based in Mekelle, Tigray region, Ethiopia. Sara Pavanello (independent consultant) is the lead researcher. Mekelle University’s team of national researchers in Ethiopia comprised Hailay Hadgu, Hayalu Miruts, Tsegazeab Kidane Mariam and Sehin Kinfu. The overall project manager for the six-country study is Simon Brook of OPM. Pamela Pozarny of the FAO provided technical oversight and contributed to the field research and preliminary analysis. iii Contents Preface.............................................................................................................................................. iii Acknowledgments............................................................................................................................ iii Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................... vi Executive summary ......................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction to the study ...................................................................................................... 3 1.1 From Protection to Production' (PtoP) and the Ethiopia case study ................................... 3 1.2 The research hypotheses ..................................................................................................... 3 2. The Tigray Social Cash Transfer Pilot programme ........................................................... 7 2.1 Background to the programme ........................................................................................... 7 2.2 Programme management and implementation structure .................................................... 8 3 Research method ................................................................................................................. 13 3.1 Selection of study communities ........................................................................................ 13 3.2 Fieldwork implementation ................................................................................................ 15 4 Regional, woreda and community profiles ........................................................................ 19 4.1 Tigray profile .................................................................................................................... 19 4.2 Hintalo Wajirat woreda .................................................................................................... 21 4.3 Research community profiles ........................................................................................... 22 4.4 Research community profiles ........................................................................................... 29 5 Research findings................................................................................................................. 33 5.1 Household economy ......................................................................................................... 33 5.2 Household well-being ....................................................................................................... 35 5.3 Reducing negative coping strategies ................................................................................ 40 5.4 Household economic activities and savings ..................................................................... 43 5.5 Gender relations and decision-making within the household ........................................... 46 6 Local economy ..................................................................................................................... 48 6.1 Economic exchanges and market dynamics ..................................................................... 48 6.2 Limited effects on labour patterns .................................................................................... 51 7 Social networks...................................................................................................................... 52 7.1 Risk-sharing relationships in the study areas .................................................................... 52 7.2 Community-based sources of social support .................................................................... 53 7.3 The effects of the transfer on risk-sharing relationships .................................................. 56 8 Operational issues ................................................................................................................ 60 iv 8.1 Targeting .................................................................................................................................................................. 60
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti
    Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DER GRADES DES DOKTORS DER PHILOSOPHIE DER UNIVERSTÄT HAMBURG VORGELEGT VON YASIN MOHAMMED YASIN from Assab, Ethiopia HAMBURG 2010 ii Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti by Yasin Mohammed Yasin Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR (POLITICAL SCIENCE) in the FACULITY OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES at the UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG Supervisors Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff HAMBURG 15 December 2010 iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my doctoral fathers Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit and Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff for their critical comments and kindly encouragement that made it possible for me to complete this PhD project. Particularly, Prof. Jakobeit’s invaluable assistance whenever I needed and his academic follow-up enabled me to carry out the work successfully. I therefore ask Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit to accept my sincere thanks. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Klaus Mummenhoff and the association, Verein zur Förderung äthiopischer Schüler und Studenten e. V., Osnabruck , for the enthusiastic morale and financial support offered to me in my stay in Hamburg as well as during routine travels between Addis and Hamburg. I also owe much to Dr. Wolbert Smidt for his friendly and academic guidance throughout the research and writing of this dissertation. Special thanks are reserved to the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Hamburg and the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) that provided me comfortable environment during my research work in Hamburg.
    [Show full text]
  • Districts of Ethiopia
    Region District or Woredas Zone Remarks Afar Region Argobba Special Woreda -- Independent district/woredas Afar Region Afambo Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Asayita Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Chifra Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Dubti Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Elidar Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Kori Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Mille Zone 1 (Awsi Rasu) Afar Region Abala Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Afdera Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Berhale Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Dallol Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Erebti Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Koneba Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Megale Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Afar Region Amibara Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Awash Fentale Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Bure Mudaytu Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Dulecha Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Gewane Zone 3 (Gabi Rasu) Afar Region Aura Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Ewa Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Gulina Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Teru Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Yalo Zone 4 (Fantena Rasu) Afar Region Dalifage (formerly known as Artuma) Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Dewe Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Hadele Ele (formerly known as Fursi) Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Simurobi Gele'alo Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Afar Region Telalak Zone 5 (Hari Rasu) Amhara Region Achefer -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Angolalla Terana Asagirt -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Artuma Fursina Jile -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Banja -- Defunct district/woredas Amhara Region Belessa --
    [Show full text]
  • 20210714 Access Snapshot- Tigray Region June 2021 V2
    ETHIOPIA Tigray: Humanitarian Access Snapshot (July 2021) As of 31 July 2021 The conflict in Tigray continues despite the unilateral ceasefire announced by the Ethiopian Federal Government on 28 June, which resulted in the withdrawal of the Ethiopian National Overview of reported incidents July Since Nov July Since Nov Defense Forces (ENDF) and Eritrea’s Defense Forces (ErDF) from Tigray. In July, Tigray forces (TF) engaged in a military offensive in boundary areas of Amhara and Afar ERITREA 13 153 2 14 regions, displacing thousands of people and impacting access into the area. #Incidents impacting Aid workers killed Federal authorities announced the mobilization of armed forces from other regions. The Amhara region the security of aid Tahtay North workers Special Forces (ASF), backed by ENDF, maintain control of Western zone, with reports of a military Adiyabo Setit Humera Western build-up on both sides of the Tekezi river. ErDF are reportedly positioned in border areas of Eritrea and in SUDAN Kafta Humera Indasilassie % of incidents by type some kebeles in North-Western and Eastern zones. Thousands of people have been displaced from town Central Eastern these areas into Shire city, North-Western zone. In line with the Access Monitoring and Western Korarit https://bit.ly/3vcab7e May Reporting Framework: Electricity, telecommunications, and banking services continue to be disconnected throughout Tigray, Gaba Wukro Welkait TIGRAY 2% while commercial cargo and flights into the region remain suspended. This is having a major impact on Tselemti Abi Adi town May Tsebri relief operations. Partners are having to scale down operations and reduce movements due to the lack Dansha town town Mekelle AFAR 4% of fuel.
    [Show full text]
  • Household Level Rainwater Harvesting in the Drylands of Northern Ethiopia
    AgriFoSe2030 Report 11, 2018 An AgriFoSe2030 Final Report from Theme 2 - Multifunctional landscapes for increased food security Household level rainwater harvesting in the drylands Today more than 800 million people around the of northern Ethiopia: world suffer from chronic hunger and about 2 its role for food and billion from under-nutrition. This failure by humanity is challenged in UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2: “End nutrition security hunger, achieve food security and improve nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture”. The AgriFoSe2030 program directly targets SDG Kassa Teka 2 in low-income countries by translating state- of-the-art science into clear, relevant insights that can be used to inform better practices and Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection, policies for smallholders. College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, The AgriFoSe2030 program is implemented Mekelle University, Ethiopia by a consortium of scientists from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Lund University, Gothenburg University and Stockholm Environment Institute and is hosted by the platform SLU Global. AgriFoSe2030 The program is funded by the Swedish International Development Agency (Sida) with Agriculture for Food Security 2030 a budget of 60 MSEK over a four-year period - Translating science into policy and practice starting in November 2015. News, events and more information are available at www.slu.se/agrifose ISBN: 978-91-576-9598-7 1 Contents Summary 3 Acknowledgements 3 1. Introduction 3 2. Area Description 4 3. Implemented rainwater harvesting technologies (RWHTs) in Tigray 5 3.1. Overview 5 3.2. Description of RWHTs 6 3.2.1. Household ponds 6 3.2.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Starving Tigray
    Starving Tigray How Armed Conflict and Mass Atrocities Have Destroyed an Ethiopian Region’s Economy and Food System and Are Threatening Famine Foreword by Helen Clark April 6, 2021 ABOUT The World Peace Foundation, an operating foundation affiliated solely with the Fletcher School at Tufts University, aims to provide intellectual leadership on issues of peace, justice and security. We believe that innovative research and teaching are critical to the challenges of making peace around the world, and should go hand-in- hand with advocacy and practical engagement with the toughest issues. To respond to organized violence today, we not only need new instruments and tools—we need a new vision of peace. Our challenge is to reinvent peace. This report has benefited from the research, analysis and review of a number of individuals, most of whom preferred to remain anonymous. For that reason, we are attributing authorship solely to the World Peace Foundation. World Peace Foundation at the Fletcher School Tufts University 169 Holland Street, Suite 209 Somerville, MA 02144 ph: (617) 627-2255 worldpeacefoundation.org © 2021 by the World Peace Foundation. All rights reserved. Cover photo: A Tigrayan child at the refugee registration center near Kassala, Sudan Starving Tigray | I FOREWORD The calamitous humanitarian dimensions of the conflict in Tigray are becoming painfully clear. The international community must respond quickly and effectively now to save many hundreds of thou- sands of lives. The human tragedy which has unfolded in Tigray is a man-made disaster. Reports of mass atrocities there are heart breaking, as are those of starvation crimes.
    [Show full text]
  • Fao/Wfp Crop and Food Security Assessment Mission to Ethiopia
    S P E C I A L R E P O R T FAO/WFP CROP AND FOOD SECURITY ASSESSMENT MISSION TO ETHIOPIA (Phase 2) Integrating the Crop and Food Supply and the Emergency Food Security Assessments 20 March 2008 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS, ROME WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME, ROME - 2 - This report has been prepared by Henri Josserand, Getachew Diriba, Prisca Kathuku and Ron Ockwell, with support from Elliot Vhurumuku and Sonali Wickrema under the responsibility of the FAO and WFP Secretariats. It is based on information from official and other sources. Since conditions may change rapidly, please contact the undersigned if further information is required. Henri Josserand Susana Rico Chief, GIEWS, FAO Regional Director for Eastern and Southern Africa Fax: 0039-06-5705-4495 Fax:+ 00256-31242500 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: : [email protected] Please note that this Special Report is also available on the Internet as part of the FAO World Wide Web (www.fao.org) at the following URL address: http://www.fao.org/giews/ The Special Alerts/Reports can also be received automatically by E-mail as soon as they are published, by subscribing to the GIEWS/Alerts report ListServ. To do so, please send an E-mail to the FAO-Mail-Server at the following address: [email protected], leaving the subject blank, with the following message: subscribe GIEWSAlertsWorld-L To be deleted from the list, send the message: unsubscribe GIEWSAlertsWorld-L Please note that it is now possible to subscribe to regional lists to only receive Special Reports/Alerts by region: Africa, Asia, Europe or Latin America (GIEWSAlertsAfrica-L, GIEWSAlertsAsia-L, GIEWSAlertsEurope-L and GIEWSAlertsLA-L).
    [Show full text]
  • Productive and Reproductive Performance of Local Cows Under Farmer’S Management in Central Tigray, Ethiopia
    Nigerian J. Anim. Sci. 2020 Vol 22 (3): 70-74 (ISSN:1119-4308) © 2020 Animal Science Association of Nigeria (https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjas) available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Productive and reproductive performance of local cows under farmer’s management in central Tigray, Ethiopia Abrha B. H., Niraj K.*, Berihu G., Kiros A. and Gebregiorgis A. G. College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia *Corresponding Author: [email protected] (Mob: +251.966675736) Target audience: Ministry of Agriculture, Researchers, Dairy Policy Makers Abstract The study was conducted on 408 indigenous cows maintained under farmer’s management in eight districts of central Tigray, Ethiopia. A total of 208 small-scale dairy farm owners were randomly selected and interviewed with structured questionnaire to obtain information on the productive and reproductive performance of indigenous cows. The results of the study showed that the mean age at first calving (AFC) was 43.3 ±2.7 months, number of services per conception (NSC) was 2.7±0.5, days open (DO) was 201.47±61.21 days, calving interval (CI) was 468.33±71.42 days, lactation length (LL) was 206.17±32.33 days, lactation milk yield (LMY) was 414.65±53.69 litres for indigenous cows. The estimated value for productive and reproductive traits had higher than normal range in indigenous cows. This calls for a planned technical and institutional intervention for improved support services for appropriate breeding programs, improved cows and adequate veterinary health services. Key words: Productive and Reproductive Performance, Local Cows.
    [Show full text]
  • Regreening of the Northern Ethiopian Mountains: Effects on Flooding and on Water Balance
    PATRICK VAN DAMME THE ROLE OF TREE DOMESTICATION IN GREEN MARKET PRODUCT VALUE CHAIN DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA afrika focus — Volume 31, Nr. 2, 2018 — pp. 129-147 REGREENING OF THE NORTHERN ETHIOPIAN MOUNTAINS: EFFECTS ON FLOODING AND ON WATER BALANCE Tesfaalem G. Asfaha (1,2), Michiel De Meyere (2), Amaury Frankl (2), Mitiku Haile (3), Jan Nyssen (2) (1) Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Mekelle University, Ethiopia (2) Department of Geography, Ghent University, Belgium (3) Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Ethiopia The hydro-geomorphology of mountain catchments is mainly determined by vegetation cover. This study was carried out to analyse the impact of vegetation cover dynamics on flooding and water balance in 11 steep (0.27-0.65 m m-1) catchments of the western Rift Valley escarpment of Northern Ethiopia, an area that experienced severe deforestation and degradation until the first half of the 1980s and considerable reforestation thereafter. Land cover change analysis was carried out using aerial photos (1936,1965 and 1986) and Google Earth imaging (2005 and 2014). Peak discharge heights of 332 events and the median diameter of the 10 coarsest bedload particles (Max10) moved in each event in three rainy seasons (2012-2014) were monitored. The result indicates a strong re- duction in flooding (R2 = 0.85, P<0.01) and bedload sediment supply (R2 = 0.58, P<0.05) with increas- ing vegetation cover. Overall, this study demonstrates that in reforesting steep tropical mountain catchments, magnitude of flooding, water balance and bedload movement is strongly determined by vegetation cover dynamics.
    [Show full text]
  • R E S T Relief Society of Tigray
    R E S T Relief Society of Tigray Towards a food secure future WellWishers funded Rural WASH Development Program in Tigray Regional state, Ethiopia Completion Report (1 January, 2018 to 31 December, 2018) 15 January, 2019 i 1. Project Title Potable Water Supply Development, and Sanitation and Hygiene Program in five weredas of Tigray, Ethiopia Eastern and Central Zone, Tigray Regional state, Ethiopia 2. Project Location 3. Project Type Construction of 34 New Hand dug wells, rehabilitation of 6 hand dug wells and training on hygiene and sanitation activities of the 6 project districts. 4. Project Overall objective To contribute to the eradication of poverty and improve the quality of Objective life of the target population. Specific objective To enhance that all people have safe and equitable access to sufficient quality and quantity of water for drinking and domestic uses. To improve good personal and environmental hygiene To increase the health status of women and children and reduce the expenses for medications To increase child school enrolment 5. Estimated Number of Beneficiaries 8621 peoples 6. Anticipated Program Duration Starting date: 1 Jan 2018 Completion date: 31 Dec 2018 7. Budget Total Program Cost: ETB 5,741,677.93 WellWishers Contribution ETB 5,400,000.00 ii ACRONYMS CLTSH Community Led Total Sanitation & Hygiene GTP Growth and Transformation Plan HEWs Health Extension Workers HHs Households KAP Knowledge Attitude Practice NHDW New Hand Dug Well ODF Open Defecation Free RHDW Rehabilitation Hand dug well REST Relief Society of Tigray SLTSCH School Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene WASH Water, Hygiene and Sanitation WASHCO Water Hygiene and Sanitation Committee iii 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Small Scale Hydro Power Development on Selected Existing Irrigation Dam
    Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Institute of Technology School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Small Scale Hydro Power Development on existing selected Dams in Tigray Brhane Hntsa Hailu A thesis submitted submitted to the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering stream of Hydraulic Engineering Presented in fulfilment of the requirement for degree of Masters of Science (Civil and Environmental stream of Hydraulic Engineering) Addis Ababa University Addis –Ababa, Ethiopia June, 2017 Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Institute of Technology School of civil and environmental engineering This is to certify that the thesis prepared by Brhane Hntsa, entitled: Small Scale Hydro power Development on Selected existing Irrigation Dam in Tigray and submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Sciences (Civil Engineering stream of Hydraulic) complies with the regulation of university and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by Examining committee Advisor __________________________ Signature______________ Date__________ Internal Examiner _____________________ Signature____________ Date___________ External examiner______________________ Signature___________ Date______________ Chairman (department of graduate committee) _______ signature ________Date___________ CERTIFICATION The undersigned certify that he has read the Thesis entitled small scale hydro power development on Existing Selected Dam in Tigray and hereby recommend for acceptance by the Addis Ababa University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. _____________________________ Dr.-Ing. Asie Kemal (Supervisor) ________________________________ Date DECLARATION AND COPY RIGHT I, Brhane Hntsa Hailu, declare that this is my own original work and that it has not been presented and will not be presented to any other University for similar or any degree award.
    [Show full text]
  • Investment Opportunities in Mekelle, Tigray State, Ethiopia
    MCI AND VCC WORKING PAPER SERIES ON INVESTMENT IN THE MILLENNIUM CITIES No 10/2009 INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN MEKELLE, TIGRAY STATE, ETHIOPIA Bryant Cannon December 2009 432 South Park Avenue, 13th Floor, New York, NY10016, United States Phone: +1-646-884-7422; Fax: +1-212-548-5720 Websites: www.earth.columbia.edu/mci; www.vcc.columbia.edu MCI and VCC Working Paper Series o N 10/2009 Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Karl P. Sauvant, Co-Director, Millennium Cities Initiative, and Executive Director, Vale Columbia Center on Sustainable International Investment: [email protected] Editor: Joerg Simon, Senior Investment Advisor, Millennium Cities Initiative: [email protected] Managing Editor: Paulo Cunha, Coordinator, Millennium Cities Initiative: [email protected] The Millennium Cities Initiative (MCI) is a project of The Earth Institute at Columbia University, directed by Professor Jeffrey D. Sachs. It was established in early 2006 to help sub-Saharan African cities achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). As part of this effort, MCI helps the Cities to create employment, stimulate enterprise development and foster economic growth, especially by stimulating domestic and foreign investment, to eradicate extreme poverty – the first and most fundamental MDG. This effort rests on three pillars: (i) the preparation of various materials to inform foreign investors about the regulatory framework for investment and commercially viable investment opportunities; (ii) the dissemination of the various materials to potential investors, such as through investors’ missions and roundtables, and Millennium Cities Investors’ Guides; and (iii) capacity building in the Cities to attract and work with investors. The Vale Columbia Center on Sustainable International Investment promotes learning, teaching, policy-oriented research, and practical work within the area of foreign direct investment, paying special attention to the sustainable development dimension of this investment.
    [Show full text]
  • Factors Affecting Choice of Place for Childbirth Among Women's in Ahferom Woreda, Tigray, 2013
    Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences (SJAMS) ISSN 2320-6691 (Online) Sch. J. App. Med. Sci., 2014; 2(2D):830-839 ISSN 2347-954X (Print) ©Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher (An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific Resources) www.saspublisher.com Research Article Factors Affecting Choice of Place for Childbirth among Women’s in Ahferom Woreda, Tigray, 2013 Haftom Gebrehiwot Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia *Corresponding author Haftom Gebrehiwot Email: Abstract: Reduction of maternal mortality is a global priority. The key to reducing maternal mortality ratio is increasing attendance by skilled health personnel throughout pregnancy and delivery. However, delivery service is significantly lower in Tigray region. Therefore, this study aimed to assess factors affecting choice of place of child birth among women in Ahferom woreda. A community based cross-sectional study both quantitative and qualitative method was employed among 458 women of age 15-49 years that experienced child birth and pregnancy in Ahferom woreda, Ethiopia. Multi stage stratified sampling technique with Probabilities proportional to size was used to select the study subjects for quantitative and focus group discussions (FGDs) for the qualitative survey. Study subjects again were selected by systematic random sampling technique from randomly selected kebelle’s in the Woreda. Data was collected using structured interview questionnaire and analyzed using SPPS version 16.0. A total of 458 women participated in the quantitative survey. One third of women were age 35 and above, 118(25.8%) were aged between 25-29 years. 247(53.9%) of women were illiterate, and 58.7% of women choice home as place of birth and 41.3% choice health facilities.
    [Show full text]