Emergency Site Assessment: Northern Crisis 3 Data Collection: 2 — 26 February 2021 Publication Date: 20 March 2021 KEY FINDINGS

BACKGROUND: 417,152 IDPs* In early November 2020, the regional party of Tigray allegedly attacked the Northern Command of Ethiopia’s National Defense Force in , , prompting a military offensive from the federal government of Ethiopia. Following this, conflict broke out in the north of Ethiopia and 108,116 IDP this has displaced many from their homes. Households* OVERVIEW: From 2 — 26 February 2021, the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) deployed its Emergency 96 sites Site Assessment to capture internal displacement related to the Northern Ethiopia Crisis. This covered* multisectoral location assessment assesses the number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and collects basic information on the multisectoral needs of IDPs at site level.

Conflict was In this third round, 417,152 IDPs (108,116 households)* were found to be displaced across 96 sites the primary in Tigray, Amhara and Afar regions. 360,268 IDPs (92,856 households) were found in Tigray region, reason for 41,951 IDPs (7,700 households) in and 14,933 IDPs (7,560 households) in Amhara displacement region. It should be noted that access and insecurity were considerable challenges for this round.

DISPLACEMENT CASELOADS IN TIGRAY, AMHARA AND AFAR REGIONS

ahtay oraro

hire rob ahtay iyabo aelay iabo Mereb ehe Dalol North estern Eastern a erei ee ata uera A Shire town unneba YEMEN ee ibila Centra aen estern A erahile Midre Genet North estern elait ola eben eleti YEMEN era Danha Meelle elet ba la Location Of IDP Sites eee iray i reay one nerta North onar Planned Areas to Assess Debar berele Soth Eastern eyea International Boundaries intalo airat ach racho anaora rebti iu Disputed Boundaries Metea ahila lae euala aya ebo Regional Boundaries ina Centra onar eera ag amra Meale Zonal Boundaries oner ton eota Sothern la eru Chila 2 et elea IDP Figure from ESA round 2 at elea Dehana Chercher one urri aya laata a ibla alo AA liarInaccessible Areas est onar aua benat ulina una ata ian Nmer s uara ae ana ra aya obo 80 - 1,715 la North eo Meet Foera not one AAA a 1,715 - 4,515 ai Soth onar abru ala 4,515 - 11,570 Delanta Chira ayita DJIBOUTI uba bael Danura Mecha Daunt 11,571 - 212,315 SUDAN ata uera Mile ENSAN abo Debub Mecha eaa utaber aar one Meela enta Ai ati est oam ayint berai on AFata aoa eae alu etee Manura ana eela uarit Soth eo elala est onar eabo esternuanua romia eane Asosa yiha ablalu enbera ulen one one 3 eee iray East oam SOMALIA elela Daliae Siti SA Debati enan neay ee emashiAAA ebera Michael e ahaala Mirab racho aa North Shea emashi aelela Asosa A Debre lia A 0 30 60 120 Disclaimer : This map is for illustration purposes only. Names and boundaries Sources: ESRI, IOM, UNJLC Kilometers on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by IOM. Map 1: Displacement related to the Northern Ethiopia Crisis across Tigray, Amhara and Afar regions.

*This displacement total includes the 38,760 IDPs (7,882 households) identified across 8 sites in Western zone, Southern zone and Southeastern zone that were covered during round 2 but were inaccessible during round 3 due to insecurity. Please refer to the annex for the full details. 1 Emergency Site Assessment: Northern Ethiopia Crisis 3 Data Collection: 2 — 26 February 2021 Publication Date: 20 March 2021

METHODOLOGY Data collection: 2 — 26 February 2021

Baseline Location Assessment (B2F): Data is collected The ESA is carried out on a monthly basis. In this third through interviews with key informants from woreda level round, 3 regions, 8 zones, 28 woredas, 67 kebeles and 88 Disaster Risk Management Offices (DRMO), community sites were covered. representatives, education and health offices. This baseline data includes the estimated number of internally displaced The number of participants in focus group discussions for persons by kebele, a list of kebeles hosting IDPs, reason for the Emergency Site Assessment are based on the size of the displacement and shelter types. This baseline data is used to displaced population at the site: guide the geotargeting of the Emergency Site Assessment. 4 IDPs for sites with 50-100 IDP households Emergency Site Assessment (ESA): This assessment captures 5 IDPs for sites with 101-150 IDP households detailed information through focus group discussions and 6 IDPs for sites with 151-200 IDP households direct observation. Data collected covers the number of IDPs, 7 IDPs for sites with 201 IDP households or more site details, availability of infrasturcture and services, shelter types, and access to food, water, healthcare, education and Depending on the size of the focus group discussion, more livelihoods. The ESA is conducted in any location in Tigray, IDP leaders, females, youths and elderly persons must and in the neighbouring zones of Amhara and Afar with be part of the discussion. However, the aim is to have reported displacements of 20 IDP households or more who 50% female participation in every focus group discussion were displaced due to the Northern Ethiopia Crisis, provided whenever it is possible. that access and security allow.

ACCESSIBILITY AND COVERAGE IN TIGRAY, AMHARA AND AFAR REGIONS ahtay oraro ERITREA

hire rob ahtay iyabo aelay iabo Mereb ehe Dalol North estern ata uera a Shire town erei ee Eastern A unneba YEMEN May ara ee ibila Centra aen erahile estern North estern Midre Genet elait ola eben SUDAN eleti YEMEN A era Danha Meelle elet ba la Location Of IDP Sites eee iray i reay one nerta North onar Planned Areas to Assess Debar berele Soth Eastern eyea International Boundaries intalo airat ach racho Dabat anaora rebti iu Disputed Boundaries Metea ahila lae euala aya ebo ina aibi Regional Boundaries Centra onar eera ag amra Meale Zonal Boundaries oner ton eota Sothern la eru Chila 2 et elea at elea Dehana Chercher Access from ESA Round 2 one urri aya laata Level of Accessibility a ibla alo AA liar est onar aua benat ulina una Fully ccee ata ian uara ae ana ra aya obo nacceible la North eo Meet Foera not one AAA a ccee ut o DP ai Soth onar abru ala Partially ccee Delanta Chira Dubti ayita DJIBOUTI uba bael Danura Mecha Daunt SUDAN May ara Mile ENSAN abo Debub Mecha eaa utaber aar one Meela enta Ai ati est oam ayint Mire enet AFata aoa eae alu etee Manura ana eela uarit Soth eo elala est onar eabo esternuanua romia eane Asosa yiha ablalu enbera ulen one one 3 Danha East oam SOMALIA elela Daliae Siti SA Debati enan neay ee emashiAAA ebera Michael e ahaala Mirab racho aa North Shea emashi aelela Asosa Debre lia A 0 30 60 120 Disclaimer : This map is for illustration purposes only. Names and boundaries Sources: ESRI, IOM, UNJLC Kilometers on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by IOM. Map 2: Levels of accessibility and areas where the Emergency Site Assessment was conducted across Tigray, Amhara and Afar regions. 2 Emergency Site Assessment: Northern Ethiopia Crisis 3 Data Collection: 2 — 26 February 2021 Publication Date: 20 March 2021

Please note that all analysis from this page onwards refers to the IDPs and sites tracked solely by ESA round 3 covering the 378,392 IDPs (100,234 households) tracked across 88 accessible sites. DEMOGRAPHICS

*Kindly note that the sex breakdown only applies to IDPs tracked in round 3 and were displaced after the crisis start- 45% males 55% females ed in November 153,310 males 187,431 females 2020. MOBILITY Number of sites where IDPs have SHIRE 212,314 IDPs 19 been previously displaced HADNET SUB CITY 29,731 IDPs Number of sites where IDPs have 69 been displaced for the first time SEMEN SUB CITY 18,744 IDPs The above are the top 3 woredas hosting the largest number of newly arrived IDPs. DURABLE SOLUTIONS

56 Sites 32 Sites 0 Site (64%) (36%) (0%) Return Locally Integrate Relocate A majority of IDPs in 44 sites in A majority of IDPs in 25 sites in None of the IDPs prefer to Tigray, 11 sites in Afar and 1 site in Amhara, 6 sites in Afar and 1 site relocate. Amhara prefer to return. in Tigray prefer to locally integrate. Factors preventing return Support needed to locally integrate

3 Emergency Site Assessment: Northern Ethiopia Crisis 3 Data Collection: 2 — 26 February 2021 Publication Date: 20 March 2021 INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES The table below depicts the fuctional status of key infrastructure and services by number of sites: Mostly Mostly Not Infrastructure Infrastructure Functioning Functioning Is Destroyed Never Existed

Electricity 54 23 7 4

Tap water 53 29 4 2 Cell phone 66 15 6 1 coverage 83 3 2 0 Road to site

Primary school 44 40 4 0

Health facility 58 25 4 1

Place of 79 8 0 1 worship Market 74 6 6 2

SHELTER Types of Shelters IDPs are Living in

In 21 sites, less than 25% of IDP households are living out- side or in an open space while in 2 sites, 25-50% of IDP households are living outside and in 2 sites, 51-75% of IDP households are living outside.

In 14 sites, more than 75% of IDP households are living in self-constructed shelters that are below standard (no waterproofing, no covering, weak structure).

Main Concerns with the Current Shelter The main concern with the current shelter reported by IDPs was a lack of privacy in 79 sites (90%), followed by overcrowding in 60 sites (68%) and a lack of light in 51 sites (58%). Please note that this was a multiple-option ques- tion. 4 Emergency Site Assessment: Northern Ethiopia Crisis 3 Data Collection: 2 — 26 February 2021 Publication Date: 20 March 2021

NON-FOOD ITEMS (NFIs) Most Needed NFI for IDPs by Number of Sites 68 Sites Number of sites where a majority of IDPs have not received the most needed NFI since being displaced

45 of these sites are in Tigray region, 14 sites are in and 9 sites are in Afar region.

WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH) Distance Required to Reach the Nearest Source of Drinking Water Water Distribution Point 30 m inut e w a lk

8 sites 70 sites

7 sites 3 sites Off-site On-site

In 70 sites, the main water distribution point was on-site A majority of IDPs rely on tap water networks to collect and required less than a 30-minute walk to reach. For 7 water in 57 sites and water trucking distribution points in sites, the distance required more than a 30-minute walk 14 sites. and was off-site. FOOD & NUTRITION The following is the breakdown of sites and the last time food was distributed in the site: 39 Sites 39 sites No food distribution Number of sites where 27 sites Within the month there has been no food distribution 11 sites 1 month ago 22 sites are in Mekelle, 6 sites in Zone 2, 4 sites 7 sites 2 months ago in Wag Hamra, 3 sites in Zone 4, 3 sites in North 4 sites Irregular Gonder and 1 site in Central . 5 Emergency Site Assessment: Northern Ethiopia Crisis 3 Data Collection: 2 — 26 February 2021 Publication Date: 20 March 2021

Main Source for Accessing Food A majority of IDPs in 64 sites (73%) are mainly relying on host community donations while IDPs in 19 sites (22%) are mainly relying on food distributions. IDPs in 2 sites (2%) are buying from the market.

Access to Markets The following is the breakdown of sites and their access to a market: 76 sites Have access to a market 12 sites Do not have access to a market

HEALTH Distance to Health Facilities

20 mi nu The location of health facilities are off-site and require te s more than a 20-minute walk to reach in 28 sites. How- ever, the health facilities are on-site and require less than a 20-minute walk to reach in 28 sites.

15 sites 28 sites Additionally, 2 sites rely on a mobile clinics/health visits and IDPs in 4 sites reported having no health facil- 28 sites 11 sites ity. Note that this analysis evaluates the distance to the health facilities and does not equate to access to heath Off-site On-site services.

Factors Preventing IDPs from Accessing Health Services by Number of Sites Diarrhea & Pneumonia are the main health concerns for 27 sites and 19 sites respectively.

Of the sites where diarrhea is the main health concern, 23 sites are in Tigray region and 4 sites are in Afar region. Of the sites where pneumonia is the main health concern, 14 sites are in Tigray region and 5 sites are in Afar region. 6 Emergency Site Assessment: Northern Ethiopia Crisis 3 Data Collection: 2 — 26 February 2021 Publication Date: 20 March 2021 EDUCATION The following is the breakdown of sites and their access to primary school education:

35 sites Displaced children have access to (formal) primary schools 53 sites Displaced children do not have access to (formal) primary schools

Issues with Accessing Education

0 sites None of the IDP children have access to alternative basic education/temporary learning centers

The 55 sites who cited ‘other’ issues said that the present security conditions were unsuitable to send children to school and in other cases, education services were unavailable. LIVELIHOODS Current Occupation of the Majority of IDPs Access to Land The following is the breakdown of sites and their access to land for cultivation: 0 sites Have some access to land 88 sites Do not have access to land

Possession of Livestock In 80 sites (91%), a majority of IDPs currently do not The following is the breakdown of sites and IDPs’ have any occupation, while a majority of IDPs are work- possession of livestock in these sites: ing as pastoralists in 7 sites (8%) and daily labourers in 25-50% of IDPs have livestock the 1 remaining site (1%). 7 sites 81 sites Do not have livestock Source of Income Of the 88 sites assessed, IDP households in 85 sites said that they did not have a source of income. In 3 sites, 25-50% of IDP households have a source of income. 7 Emergency Site Assessment: Northern Ethiopia Crisis 3 Data Collection: 2 — 26 February 2021 Publication Date: 20 March 2021

Resources and Assets that Were Lost or Damaged During Displacement by Number of Sites

PROTECTION

4,144 2,472 8,271 755 204 Persons with Pregnant Single female-hedaded Persons with Orphaned children chronic diseases/ women households physical disabilities serious medical 261 conditions 7,667 92 155 Separated children Breastfeeding Child-headed Persons with mothers households mental disabilities 92 Unaccompanied children

Available and Accessible Protection Services Accessibility of Complaint and Feedback Mechanisms

In 3 sites, child protection services are available while In 7 sites, complaint and feedback mechanisms for in 3 sites, psychosocial support is available. Services to humanitarian assistance are accessible to everyone address gender-based violence is in 2 sites and family including women and children. However, it is not tracing in 1 site. However, no protection services are accessible in 66 sites. available for the remaining 83 sites. 8 ANNEX: SUMMARY TABLES OF DISPLACEMENT

6 6 7 7 6 3 6 4 4 1 1 1 2 3 6 1 1 8 1 4 1 4 1 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 9 2 1 1 4 6 7 7 6 6 6 3 4 41 45

88 17 26 45

Total SitesTotal Total SitesTotal 80 325 337 353 747 103 241 250 4,512 2,400 6,960 6,123 3,900 6,161 1,259 2,485 3,865 1,713 3,500 2,364 260 260

11,570 12,778 29,731 18,045 14,781 18,744 12,751 41,951 14,933 212,314 378,392

321,508 8,778 1,154 2,500 2,500 7,500

10,531 25,328 10,101 10,904 10,848 77,644 13,000 15,500 36,000 38,760

206,213 206,213 283,857 Total IndividualsTotal Sites Total

Total Individuals Total Total Individuals Total 72 85 37 20 63 70

752 225 400 650 733 835 651 380 1,160 1,193 2,314 1,006 2,772 1,842 3,733 8,179 5,615 1,091 5,802 6,014 3,634 7,700 7,560 50,906 100,234 82 82

500 500 Total HH Total 3,733 6,014 8,179 5,615 3,634 1,091 5,802 1,200 3,000 3,100 7,300 7,882

34,068 50,906 50,906 84,974

Total HH Total HH

1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2

84,974

Sites Sites

1,931 1,491 3,422 3,422

In 2021

1,931 1,491 3,422 3,422

In2021 In2021 Individuals Individuals 1,020

703 317

1 1 4 1 3 4 1 2 1 2 1 2 9 1 1 4 1 1 2 1 6 3 5 7 5 7 6 3

1,020 1,020

85 17 26 42 HH HH

1,020

703 317

6 5 7 7 5 3 6 3 3 1 1 1 1 3 5 1 1 7

39 42 80

325 337 353 103 241 250 747 4,512 2,400 3,900 6,960 1,259 6,123 2,485 1,713 6,161 3,865 3,500 2,364 11,570 12,778 12,850 18,045 11,260 29,731 18,744 41,951 14,933 Sites Sites 193,387 356,043 299,159

During 2020

260 260

85 72 20 63 70 37 225 733 650 752 400 651 835 380

8,778 8,600 9,413 1,154 2,500 2,500 7,500 5,000 1,160 1,193 1,842 2,314 1,006 2,772 5,802 3,317 3,733 5,311 5,615 1,091 8,179 7,700 7,560 25,328 10,101 10,848 74,222 15,500 28,000 30,760

95,024 193,387 193,387 267,609

Individuals Individuals During2020 During2020 1 1 1

82 82 500 500

79,764 46,716

3,733 5,311 8,179 5,615 3,317 1,091 5,802 1,200 1,000 3,100 5,300 5,882

HH HH

33,048 46,716 46,716 79,764

18,927 18,927 18,927

1 1 1 1 1 2

Before 2020 Sites Sites

4,190 4,190 4,190 HH Individuals Sites HH Individuals Sites HH Individuals Sites

8,000 8,000 8,000 12,826 12,826 12,826

Individuals Individuals Before2020 Before2020

Cause 4,190 4,190 4,190 2,000 2,000 2,000

Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict HH HH

Cause Cause Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Round 3 (February 2021) - Summary Table ofTable Displacement 2021) 3 (February Summary - Round (DTM) Matrix Tracking Displacement Woreda Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Conflict Dehana Gaz Gibla Abergele Sekota City Administration Adihaki Sub City SubAyder City Hawelti Sub City SubCity Weyane Kedamay Hadnet Sub City Semen Sub City Quiha Subcity Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Round 3 (February 2021) - Tigray Region Summary Table of Displacement of Table Summary Region Tigray 2021)3 (February (DTM)- Round Matrix Tracking Displacement Woreda Woreda Zone Adihaki Sub City Sub City Ayder Hadnet Sub City Hawelti Sub City Sub City Weyane Kedamay Quiha Subcity Sub City Semen Shire Alamata Raya Azebo Raya Raya Chercher Dansha Fenti (Zone 4)Fenti (Zone 4)Kilbati 2)(Zone Berahile Kilbati 2)(Zone Dalul Kilbati 2)(Zone Kilbati 2)(Zone Kilbati 2)(Zone Kilbati2) (Zone Ala Ab Central Gonder Gonder City Administration Central Gonder West Belesa Central Gonder Wogera North North Gonder Addi Arekay North GonderNorth GonderNorth Dabat Administration City Debark North North Gonder Dabat City Administration Wag Himra Wag Himra Wag Himra Wag Himra West West Gonder Genet Midre Mekelle Mekelle Mekelle Mekelle Mekelle Mekelle WesternNorth Shire Mekelle Zone Zone Region Mekelle Mekelle Mekelle Mekelle Mekelle Mekelle Mekelle MekelleTotal NorthWestern NorthWestern Total SouthEast SouthTotal East Southern Southern Southern SouthernTotal Western WesternTotal Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Round 2 (December 2020/January 2021) - Tigray Region Summary Table of Displacement: Inaccessible Sites in Round 3 That Were Covered in Round 2 Round in Were Covered 3 That Round in Sites Inaccessible Displacement: of Table Summary Region Tigray 2 (December (DTM)2021)Round 2020/January - Matrix Tracking Displacement # Afar Afar Afar Afar Afar Afar Afar Afar Afar Total Afar Amhara Amhara Amhara Amhara Amhara Amhara Amhara Amhara Amhara Amhara Amhara Amhara Amhara Total Amhara Tigray Tigray Tigray Tigray Tigray Tigray Tigray Tigray Tigray Total Tigray 2021) Round Round Round 3 Round Round 2 Round Round Round 3 Round (February2021) (February 2021) (December2020/January Grand Total Grand Total Grand Total Grand Classification:Staff Only IOM - Confidential 9