Multidisciplinary Research

ISSN (Online) : 2455 - 3662 SJIF Impact Factor :3.395 (Morocco)

EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research

Volume: 2 Issue: 8 August 2016

Published By : EPRA Journals

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EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinar y Research (IJMR) ISSN (Online): 2455-3662

SJIF Impact Factor: 3.395 (Morocco) Volume: 2 Issue: 8 August 2016

DOORDARSHAN’S LITERARY MAGAZINE “SARASWATI” ON ANALYTICAL STUDY (With special reference of broadcasting from Lucknow,Doordarshan)

ABSTRACT Doordarshan has a different image in various mediums of Mass Communication. It is the medium, which is most popular among mass. It is the medium, through which we can see as well as listen. That’s why the nature of this medium is totally different and simple from other mediums. The reach of Radio is maximum in mass but public can listen only, through radio. That’s why, radio becomes inferior against television. Since the advent of Television in India, Doordarshan has become the synonym of T.V. and at the present time, most of the people of India, watches T.V. Dr. Vijai Prakash Upadhyay Therefore, social responsibilities of Doordarshan is more than other private channels. Due to its high and Assistant Professor, simplified access, Doordarshan has equal the responsibility of Shia P.G.College, social development. Doordarshan has been played important Lucknow, U.P, India role in every field including education. Relation of literature to the society is very old. Even literature is accepted as mirror of society. Therefore, in changing environment, intellectuals of the society tried keeping connecting people with literature through Doordarshan. In this series, Lucknow Doordarshan started Saraswati as a literary link in 1975. Through Saraswati, Doordarshan is developing literary activities by broadcasting of programs related to Indian culture, national unity, public problems, integrity, making aware of scientific consciousness, documentaries, personality introduction etc. Due to its various dimensions, it is considered as a magazine. Through research study of Saraswati magazine, form, history, and development of literary journalism, history of development of Doordarshan, except Lucknow Doordarshan, study of magazines broadcast from Varanasi and Allahabad Doordarshan, special achievements, limitation and possibilities of Saraswati and literary activities of Lucknow Doordarshan has been tried to explore. KEYWORDS: Doordarshan, literature, Literary journalism, Hindi journalism

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FORMS OF LITERARY English and other languages are the different forms JOURNALISM of journalism. It was the time when literary Literary journalism of Hindi is integral journalism belongs to culture. Today the journalism part of development of Hindi literature. Emergence is limited up to news only. There is a difference of new and fundamental prose literature,has been between Hindi and English newspapers regarding happened from womb of Hindi journalism. In fact approach, system of presentation of news, we face Hindi journalism through Bharatendu headlines and comments. It is a matter of debate. Harishchandra(1850-1885)’s magazines At first, to get knowledge about history of Kavivachan Sudha(1867),Harishchandra literary journalism, it is necessary to know about magazine(1873), Harishchandra Chandrika(1874), history of 175 years of journalism and political, Balbodhini(first woman magazine).Actually, from social, cultural, economical and educational Bharatendu period ,prose literature and prose genre condition of India. It is an entertaining fact that in came into existence as tradition. Indian journalism 1826 after publication of Udant Martand till 1870 has been started by Englishman James Augustus almost fifty papers published but between 1870 and Hicky on 29th Feb 1780 through The Bengal 1900 during 30 years four hundred papers were Gazette, known was Hicky’s Gazette. Whereas the published and after 1900 number has been first Hindi weekly Udant Martand was published increased. Today the number is in thousands. 50 by Pandit Jugal Kishore Shukla on 30th May papers which were published in earlier 45 years, 12 1826.That’s the reason behind celebration of were published from Agra. Many magazines national Hindi journalism day on 30th May. From published from Muradabad, Merrut, Aligarh, starting, this magazine was semi literary by nature. Barelley, Nainital, Nagpur, Bharatpur, Jodhpur, Hindi journalism developed literary Indore, Ratlam, Ahemadabad, Mumbai, Lahore, journalism and prose literature. According to Prof. Ajmer etc. Before the first war of independence, 15 Surya Prasad Dixit, in development of Hindi papers were published in Hindi, in which Sudharak language and literature, journalism has made major from Kashi, Martand from Calcutta, Buddhi contribution. Through magazines and journals, Prakash and Praja Hitaishi (of king Lakshman era’s tendency was launched, different ideologies Singh) from Agra are specially remarkable. That were innovated and special talents were discovered. time, Calcutta had same status as Delhi is having Actually, literature and journalism are synonym today. Agra was the capital of northwest province. and complementary to each other. Many scholars Due to having Braj area, literary tradition was say that journalism is literature written in hurry but present there. Lalluram ji was the product of Agra literature is the best form of journalism. itself. Literary magazine is a collaborative effort CLASSIFICATION OF of art and creative organization. It was not only a DEVELOPMENT OF HINDI technique but consciousness too. Humdinger JOURNALISM literary journalism is a science too. In this First Step- 1826-1870- Banaras Akhbar, communication revolution scenario, literary Sudhakar, Buddhi Prakash, Sarvahitkarak, journalism forms a certain face and direction to Prajahitaishi, Dharmaprakash, Lokmat, social consciousness. It teaches indirectly. In Gyanprakash, Payameaazadi, Samachar literary journalism, one cannot do anything without sudhavarshan,Kavivachan Sudha specialized knowledge. Literary journalism is Second Step- 1870-1900- In the same era, divided into following topics based on differences Bharatendu Harishchandra done important work of or specific areas. making literary and historical work of SEGMENTATION BASED ON modernization of Hindi journalism. He roused PRESENTATION political consciousness in Hindi. He also gave Periodic division Hindi, it’s proper place and paid attention on Genre based division economic and scientific topics. Main journals of Language based division this period were Chandra Prakash, Prayagdoot, Publishing oriented division Mayur Gazette, Harishchandra, Harishchandrika, Ideology oriented division Mohan Chandrika, Balbodhini, Bharat Bandhu, Electronic media which is radio and T.V. Dharm Prakash, Anand Kadambini, Brahmin, broadcasts audio and audio visual literary Nagari, Nirad etc. This period was known as magazine. Saraswati magazine broadcasted from renaissance period. Prose genre was established in Lucknow Doordarshan comes under same category. this period. THE HISTORY OF THE Third Step-1900-1920- This step was considered DEVELOPMENT OF LITERARY from 1901 because after that time, due to Bengal JOURNALISM partition, Swadeshi movement was started. Hindi Literary journalism is different from got honour due to the arrival of Tilak on political normal journalism. In India, now days Hindi, stage. In the leadership of Shyam Sundar Das,

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Hindi language was hyped. This period was of broadcasting of ad has been started. The first great Hindi editors. Balmukund Gupt, Mahavir national program started on 15th August 1982 and Prasad Dwiwedi, Baburao Vishnu Paradakar, first colored sponsored program serial “Hum Log” Lakshman Narayan Garde, Ambika Prasad started on 15th of July 1984.In 1985, it reaches to Vajpayee, Madhav Rao Saprey, Ganesh Shankar the houses. The network won the heart of public by Vidyarthi, Makhanlal Chaturvedi, Madhav Prasad broadcasting of culture, literature, art and programs Mishra all are the gift of this Era. Saraswati, related to public utility. Samalochak, Awadh-Samachar, Kayastha-kul, Doordarshan started its centre at Lucknow Bhaskar, Abhyudaya, Chandra Prakash, Pratap, on 27th November 1975. Mr. Manzurul Amin Khan Sarayuparin, Awadh Keshari, Brahmin etc. was appointed as the first director on 9th of magazines were published. October 1975 and on 19th of Jan 1976 Mr. Balbir Fourth Step -1920-1948-The First World War Chandra became the first engineer. Regional was over. Mahatma Gandhi was distinguished in language satellite has started from 1st April 2000. Indian politics. In this age Literary journalism had It’s broadcast time was from 7-30 A.M to 11 A.M. been completely changed into political form. Aaj, and from 5 P.M to 11 P.M. Basically, programs Madhuri, Samanvay, Kalyan, Kisan, Ganga, were broadcasted in regional languages. Beginning Navyug, Vishal Bharat, Dharmayug, Weekly of DD2 got started on 20th August. In 1976 the first Hindustan were prominent papers in this age. play of Lucknow Doordarshan Sawa Ser Genhu Fifth Step-1948 to till now- After independence, was produced and broadcasted. In the same year, Hindi journalism got changed. Till now it is hostile the first telefilm Chakrapur was broadcasted for to the government, as that time the journalism was rural audience. ruled by the Foreign Government. Now the LITERARY JOURNALISM OF Government is own that is Indian. So, Government ALLAHABAD supports journalism. This situation lasted for 15 At its first literary broadcast from years. After it, some criticisms were started by Allahabad Doordarshan was started from 29th journalists. After being Hindi as Rajyabhasha, November 2001. This program was broadcasted Hindi people including journalists were not every Thursday. From Nov 2002, every Friday, interested in hyping the Hindi as earlier times. programs related to literary journalism were Ownership of Hindi journalism are changed. It’s broadcasted. The first program was Sahityik ownership were handed into capitalists, companies, Triveni. In that program, Kavi Sammelan and or political parties. Journalist, who were owner of Mushayara were organized. On 7th December 2000 paper till third step, and independent regarding at a discussion were broadcasted with their work, now became salaried employee and Narmadeshwar Upadhyay, Dr Jagdish Gupta and practically dependent. Sudhanshu Upadhyay on topic Prayag Today, Hindi journalism is different from earlier Mahakumbh. From 1st January 2001, on topic time. That time the editor was the owner of paper. Mahakumbh, everyday 45 minutes programs are He was Hindi lover, and writes inspiration broadcasted like literary discussion, cultural literature and sacrifices everything for his love. discussion, importance of The Ganga, on special Today Hindi journalism is totally a business. festivals, condition seen by eyes and importance of Ownership are in the hand of capitalists, companies bath of special occasions are broadcasted. A or political parties. Some small newspapers are prepared T.V. report was broadcasted on this topic. published for business purpose, political gain or Varanasi Doordarshan came into existence personal marketing purpose. Bangvasi, near about same time as Allahabad Doordarshan. Dharmadivakar, Navbharat Times,Amar Programs were broadcasted from almost every Ujala,Dainik Jagran, Punjab Kesari, Veer Arjun, aspect of literature from Varanasi centre. From the Sanmarg, Jansatta, Rastriya Sahara, Dharmayug, beginning, Banaras was a religious, cultural and Deenman etc. are the main papers. literary city. The effort of this center is to broadcast HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT 5 programs like Lucknow and Allahabad centers. In OF DOORDARSHAN a month, two or three literary programs were T.V is a versatile communication media. It broadcasted from this center. was invented by John. L. Baird in1923.It’s full Allahabad is providing enough form is Tele -Vision. Doordarshan is a Hindi contribution in broadcast of literary programs on adaptation network, which literally means to “See Varanasi Doordarshan. Cultural heritage of from Distance”. In T.V, image or scene is Allahabad, captured in camera is increasing literary prominent. On 15th of September 1959, T.V. came public consciousness. Many poet’s conferences, into existence in India. It was an experimental discussions are broadcasted from Lucknow and service. Today Doordarshan has an important place Varanasi centres. All materials of literary among vast networks of the world. The first live journalism of Allahabad and Varanasi are broadcast occurred on 15th August, 1960 of Flag published in various newspapers and magazines. Hosting. Educational programs were started from DEVELOPMENT OF SARASWATI 1st August 1975. From 1st August 1976

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Literary journalism were started at the after a deep study of various circumstances, the same time since the broadcast started from program is edited. If the person is unable to come, Lucknow Doordarshan. Broadcasting of Saraswati then the members from Doordarshan goes to their magazine also started from 1975. Its broadcasting home to get knowledge regarding his creations. is the mixture of genres of literature. Many changes Shooting of literary magazine is done by two took place in this program but name does not cameras. Editing is done later after shooting. changed from beginning. Earlier it was 30 minute In spite of the extensive development of program. It had three segments each of 10 minutes. private T.V. channels. Cable culture is rapidly All were related to literature. This trend continued spreading in cities but beyond this, data says that, for a long time. This program was broadcasted 74.27 % people watch Doordarshan, because these every week. After 1997-98, it was broadcasted on people live in rural areas. The aim of private Tuesday or another day of week but it was not channels is to gain profit, so they broadcast confirm that on which day it will be broadcasted. entertaining programs only rather than literary The change in period of broadcasting the program cultural programs of India whereas Doordarshan is also took place. The time decreased from half an defender of cultural and literary heritage. hour to 20 minutes and segments reduced from Doordarshan is moving on motto of “unity in three to two. This 10 minutes shooting was outdoor diversity” and serving the nation day and night. so the segments were extended. Periods were never EVALUATION OF VARIOUS more than 30 minutes. PROGRAMS OF SARASWATI For making up a program, topics related to According to Exe sub director of literary persons were included. It is noted that spirit Lucknow, of Doordarshan, Mr. Ashok Srivastava, of literature may spread in each and every person thanks to broadcast of Saraswati magazine, literary and society may get positive impact. Literature interests has been increased in people but since should not be disdained. All including specialities length of program is short, the time is unavailable should spread in a literary way, which are useful for complete discussion. Program should be for mass. Four programs in a month were held thoughtful. Today’s poetries, novels, plays should about established literature and writers. One include thoughts regarding future. The way of program was broadcasted for emerging writers, reflection should be future perceiving and the which owns a title as introduction. If there were program must not be boring. A large program can five weeks in a month then four programs were be made small by showing in radio style. In broadcasted for the literature and from its genres Saraswati program, musical presentation has been and one program for the new literature creation or done for the creation of many poets including writer were also broadcasted. Jayshankar Prasad, and Ramdhari Singh Dinkar. There is a special importance of Prof Surya Prasad Dixit says that in musical documentaries in Saraswati program. Many presentations, Indian classical music should be established writers, who are alive are invited in promoted rather than filmy genre. Millennium studio or to meet them at home for making up a journey of Hindi, Buddhism philosophy and Hindi program of Saraswati. Some documentaries like on literature, review of Hindi and essay, Hindi novel Amrit Lal Nagar,Sumitra Nandan Pant,and in today’s context, Yugacharya Hazari Prasad Mahadevi Verma had been prepared in their life Dwiwedi, freedom struggle from the window of time. Some writers who are age of final threshold, history, immortal lamp of Gandhi’s thought, interview is conducted and saved in their lifetimes. immortal martyr Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi, Conversation is done with writers on personality dedicated their services of hundreds years. Bharti basis too. It should be kept in mind that a writer Bhawan library, Yug Purush Govind Vallabh should conduct the interview of a writer because a Pant’s discussions and personality introduction writer is well versed of the genres of literature. Prof programs are broadcasted in Saraswati. Evaluation S.P Dixit, Liladhar Jagudi, Surya Kumar of yearly literature has been part of Saraswati. It Pandey,Vishnu Kumar Tripathi are considered as tries to give knowledge to people, about last year an expert of this field. All of them have hosted literature creation. Dr. Arjun Tiwari believes that many programs of Saraswati including interviews, play of last year, reviews of books, demerits and talk shows, conversation based on play, novel, and nature of books, how will be they guide direction travelogue with established writers and made and condition of the society, which are getting less programs interesting. attention in Saraswati magazine. Many programs of OBJECT SIDE OF SARASWATI personality introduction, and journalism of Materials of literary magazines come from Doordarshan has been broadcasted in Saraswati. literary genres. Literary journalism has a wide Except Saraswati programs, through precise literary range. The production of documentaries, discussion programs Doordarshan is achieving popularity and etc. is included in literary journalism. We have to helped in diverting literature towards sociality. search many sources for making a program from a genre. For example, if the writer is alive then after having a discussion or conversation with them and

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ACHIEVEMENTS, LIMITATIONS & BIBLIOGRAPHY POSSIBILITIES 1. Kasauti-Sri Narayan Chaturvedi- Prabhat Prof R .C.Tripathi accepts that literature Publication Delhi has got richness by programs of Saraswati. 2. Hindi Journalism Aur Swatantrata Aandolan- Programs of Saraswati are almost similar to the Madan Gopal objectives of Doordarshan. They are made kept in 3. Hindi Sahity Ka Doosra Itihas- Bacchan Singh viewing sentiments and aspirations of the people. 4. Hindi Ke Samyik Patron Ka itihas- Sri Radha In this, attention is kept about all genres of Krishna Das literature as well as an effort to make literature 5. Paradakar ji Aur Patrkarita- Dr. Lakshmi Shankar modern. Personality based interview are also Vyas conducted. Time to time meetings are organized 6. Hindi Patrkarita Ka Vrihad Itihas – Dr. Ved Pratap with celebrities of particular fields as scientists, Vaidik writers, filmmakers etc. Saraswati has enough 7. Swatantrata Aandolan Aur Hindi Patrkarita – Dr. contributed in broadcasting of Hindi language Arjun Tiwary, Gorakhpur journalism. In this, mainly thought based programs 8. Brihad Hindi Patra Patrakarita Kosh- Prof. Surya like poems, novel based street plays etc. are Prasad Dixit broadcasted. It has been tried to make programs 9. Patrkarita Ke Sidhant- Dr. Ramesh Chandra people friendly. Saraswati cannot be fasten in a Tripathi limit. It is an audio visual medium magazine. In 10. Hindi Patrakarita Ke Yug Nirmata- Dr. Lakshmi this electronic age, it has established its identity. Shankar Vyas Not only genres of literature, but all aspects of society are included. Its limitation is to be 11. Hindi Patrakarita- Dr Krishna Bihari Mishra unlimited. Their should not be any space for 12. Samachar Patra Kala- Pt. Ambika Prasad Vajpayee vulgarity which makes the literature rich. In the era 13. Sansanchar Paridrishya- Sri Prithvi Nath Pandey- of professionalism, morality, humanity, thoughts Umesh Publication,Allahabad can be limitations of Saraswati. The spirit of 14. Jansamparka Siddhant or Vyavahar- Dr. sushil making India’s cultural unity and integrity intact Trivedi and Shashikant Shukla- Hindi Granth should be in Saraswati. In this modern age, nutrient Academy, Bhopal of Indian culture is contained in Saraswati and the future of Saraswati is looking very bright.