DOCSLIB.ORG

“Ona” Judge Staines, Or

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
“Ona” Judge Staines, Or ONEY “ONA” JUDGE STAINES, OR, HOW DADDY-O GEORGE FUCKED WITH HIS SLAVES “NARRATIVE HISTORY” AMOUNTS TO FABULATION, THE REAL STUFF BEING MERE CHRONOLOGY “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project Oney “Ona” Staines HDT WHAT? INDEX ONEY “ONA” STAINES ONEY “ONA” JUDGE 1752 July: Upon the death of his half-brother Lawrence Washington, George Washington inherited rights to the Mount Vernon plantation in Virginia, inclusive of 18 slaves. (The ledgers and account books which he kept show that he then bought slaves when necessary and possible, to replenish this original 18. In the account books of Washington, the entries show that in 1754 he bought two males and a female; in 1756, two males, two females and a child, etc. In 1759, the year in which he was married, his wife Martha, brought him 39 “dower-Negroes.” He kept separate records of these Negroes all his life and mentions them as a separate unit in his will. Washington purchased his slaves in Alexandria from Mr. Piper and perhaps in the District in 1770 “went over to Colo. Thos. Moore’s Sale and purchased two Negroes. During Washington’s lifetime, the number of slaves would increase to 200.) It would seem that during Washington’s youth, he would be rather casual in regard to the lives and fortunes of black slaves. For instance, Henry Wiencek reports in AN IMPERFECT GOD: GEORGE WASHINGTON, HIS SLAVES, AND THE CREATION OF AMERICA (NY: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2003) that at one point, the young man found it not to be beneath him, to participate in a lottery some of the prizes of which were slave children! November 4, Saturday: La clemenza di Tito, a dramma per musica by Christoph Willibald Gluck to words of Metastasio, was performed for the initial time, in the Teatro San Carlo of Naples. George Washington joined a whites-only, males-only club, Alexandria Masonic Lodge No. 22 in Fredericksburg, Virginia, and took the 1st step into the mystique of Masonry. (ALERT: For a historian to refer in the 21st Century to a whites-only, males-only 18th-Century club as a whites-only, males-only club constitutes the egregious error which all proper historians decry as presentism.)1 1. The African Lodge of Freemasons, which would start up in 1776 in Boston under the leadership of Prince Hall, would also be segregated by race and gender (!) and yet would be considered clandestine by many Freemasons of the skin color of Washington — although this blacks-only, males-only club would receive a charter from the Grand Lodge in England. Among Freemasons, debates about the authenticity of Prince Hall Masonry would persist into the 20th century. Among the members of these Prince Hall Lodges would be Supreme Court Justice Marshall, Mayor Tom Bradley of Los Angeles, Dr. Benjamin Hooks of the NAACP, Mayor Andrew Young of Atlanta, and Mayor Coleman Young of Detroit, and yet none of these luminaries would ever be allowed to set foot in a white Masonic lodge. (ALERT: To refer to a blacks-only, males-only club as “segregated” constitutes an egregious error which, unfortunately, as yet lacks a name.) HDT WHAT? INDEX ONEY “ONA” JUDGE ONEY “ONA” STAINES 1755 Hercules, who would be one of George Washington’s personally owned slaves, was presumably born in approximately this year. He would grow up at Mount Vernon. On Nantucket Island, Friend Benjamin Coffin was almost disowned by the Quakers for dragging his feet in regard to the manumission of his three slaves. He would manage to avoid disownment, but eventually the former governor of Rhode Island, Friend Stephen Hopkins, more recalcitrant, would indeed eventually be disowned for such continued slaveholding. (Looking up the inside of his nose: this Hopkins dude, later, would be a signer of our Declaration of Independence — which means that he apparently was willing to tolerate freedom, justice, and the pursuit of happiness at least for some of us at least some of the time.) “The capacity to get free is nothing; the capacity to be free, that is the task.” — André Gide, THE IMMORALIST translation Richard Howard NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 1970, page 7 HDT WHAT? INDEX ONEY “ONA” STAINES ONEY “ONA” JUDGE 1761 Although by his marriage he had gained control over 17,000 acres of farmland and 286 slaves (this man had previously owned only 30 human beings), and although he had harvested and shipped his first cash crop, George Washington had gone deep into debt — because the British buyers had been unimpressed by the quality of his tobacco. A Quaker counted a total of 1,027 Quaker families in Rhode Island, including Nantucket Island, and a total of 1,146 Quaker families living elsewhere in New England. Despite the continuing ownership of slaves by Quaker families, at this point those who traded in slaves were being disowned. RELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF FRIENDS NOBODY COULD GUESS WHAT WOULD HAPPEN NEXT Oney “Ona” Staines “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX ONEY “ONA” JUDGE ONEY “ONA” STAINES 1766 A slave by the name of “Negro Tom” had attempted, unsuccessfully, to run away from his owner, a plantation master and miller named George Washington. –Well, maybe this wasn’t our founding father, but some other Virginian of coincidentally the same name?– This slavemaster engaged in the international slave trade by sending this recalcitrant slave off to the West Indies, to be traded fair and square on some escape-proof island. What did this Virginia slavemaster want in exchange for his troublesome human being? — He suggested a hogshead of “molasses, rum, limes, tamarinds, sweet meats, and good old spirits.” (Was this unusual behavior for Washington? — Was it unusual, for our Founding Father to be equating in such a manner the life of a human being with a hogshead of sweetmeats and spirits? Unfortunately, it was not. For instance, according to Henry Wiencek’s AN IMPERFECT GOD: GEORGE WASHINGTON, HIS SLAVES, AND THE CREATION OF AMERICA, at one point in his life, in need of dental work, he would not be above having sound teeth yanked from the jaw of one of his slaves, without anesthesia, to be fashioned into a denture for SWEETS him to wear! –But probably it was not Negro Tom but someone else among his numerous slaves, who would WITHOUT supply these sound white teeth for the mouth of the white master.) SLAVERY During this year, in Rhode Island harbors, it has been estimated by Alexander Boyd Hawes, some 15 vessels were being fitted out for the international slave trade. If an average cargo of slaves was 109 –as we have estimated on the basis of a number of known cargos– then a total of more than 1,630 souls were transported during this year in Rhode Island bottoms alone. Examples from this year include the Rhode Island sloop Hope, carrying a cargo of 100 slaves, the brig Nelly, carrying a cargo of 130, and a sloop of unknown name carrying 60. During this year, according to the 1822 revision of the PUBLIC LAWS OF RHODE ISLAND (page 441), we have an indication that the colony’s legislature enacted some sort of “restrictive measure” that had to do with the “Slave Trade.” However, neither the title or the text of this ever having been found — we have no clue as to its substance. HDT WHAT? INDEX ONEY “ONA” STAINES ONEY “ONA” JUDGE 1772 Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, Lee, and other leading men of the Virginia colony were desiring to “get rid of the great evil” represented by the presence of black people in America. “The interest of the country,” it was said in a discussion in the Virginia House of Burgesses –by “interest of the country” meaning of course not the interests of people in general but merely the interests of the white male propertied citizens of that colony– “manifestly requires the total expulsion of them” — by “them” meaning of course not merely slaves but black people in general. The governor of Virginia, Francis Fauquier, had in correspondence with the Board of Trade on June 2, 1760 mentioned that some “old settlers who have bred large quantities of slaves and who would make a monopoly of them by a duty which they hoped would amount to a prohibition” had proposed the difficulties be placed in the way of the importation of new Africans. The Virginia Assembly needed to address King George III of England on this because, in council on December 10, 1770, he had warned them not to interfere with the importation of slaves. They pleaded with him on April 1, 1772 to remove his restraints upon their efforts to stop the importation of slaves, which they referred to for some reason as “a very pernicious commerce” (we don’t know, they may have meant that it was damaging the lives of black people, or perhaps they may have meant that it was damaging the lives of white people). The monarch who “stood in the path of humanity and made himself the pillar of the colonial slave-trade” made no reply to this appeal of the Virginians (we don’t know, he may have desired to damage the lives of black people, or he may have simply desired that he and his friends continue to make inordinate profits on their participation in the international slave trade). The conduct of the King would cause the initial draft of the Declaration of Independence to contain a complaint that “He has waged cruel war against human nature itself, violating its most sacred rights of life and liberty in the persons of a distant people who never offended him, capturing and carrying them into slavery in another hemisphere, or to incur a miserable death in their transportation thither.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nomination Form
    NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. 1. Name of Property Historic name: Woodlawn Cultural Landscape Historic District Other names/site number: DHR File No.: 029-5181 Name of related multiple property listing: N/A (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Location Street & number: Bounded by Old Mill Rd, Mt Vernon Memorial Hwy, Fort Belvoir, and Dogue Creek City or town: Alexandria State: VA County: Fairfax Not For Publication: N/A Vicinity: X ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this X nomination ___ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional
    [Show full text]
  • Books Added to Benner Library from Estate of Dr. William Foote
    Books added to Benner Library from estate of Dr. William Foote # CALL NUMBER TITLE Scribes and scholars : a guide to the transmission of Greek and Latin literature / by L.D. Reynolds and N.G. 1 001.2 R335s, 1991 Wilson. 2 001.2 Se15e Emerson on the scholar / Merton M. Sealts, Jr. 3 001.3 R921f Future without a past : the humanities in a technological society / John Paul Russo. 4 001.30711 G163a Academic instincts / Marjorie Garber. Book of the book : some works & projections about the book & writing / edited by Jerome Rothenberg and 5 002 B644r Steven Clay. 6 002 OL5s Smithsonian book of books / Michael Olmert. 7 002 T361g Great books and book collectors / Alan G. Thomas. 8 002.075 B29g Gentle madness : bibliophiles, bibliomanes, and the eternal passion for books / Nicholas A. Basbanes. 9 002.09 B29p Patience & fortitude : a roving chronicle of book people, book places, and book culture / Nicholas A. Basbanes. Books of the brave : being an account of books and of men in the Spanish Conquest and settlement of the 10 002.098 L552b sixteenth-century New World / Irving A. Leonard ; with a new introduction by Rolena Adorno. 11 020.973 R824f Foundations of library and information science / Richard E. Rubin. 12 021.009 J631h, 1976 History of libraries in the Western World / by Elmer D. Johnson and Michael H. Harris. 13 025.2832 B175d Double fold : libraries and the assault on paper / Nicholson Baker. London booksellers and American customers : transatlantic literary community and the Charleston Library 14 027.2 R196L Society, 1748-1811 / James Raven.
    [Show full text]
  • R Neyer ~ That Man Laugh.Tq ~ His Teeth": Relatiqnships Between Whites Alli! Blacks at Geqrgewashingtqn's Mqunt Vernqn
    ... , .::r Neyer ~ That Man Laugh.tQ ~ His Teeth": RelatiQnships between Whites alli! Blacks at GeQrge WashingtQn's MQunt vernQn NOT TO BE REPRODUCED OR QUOTED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF THE AUTHOR AND THE MOUNT VERNON LADIES' ASSOCIATION At the conclusion of his lengthy and sometimes lyrical description oi George Washington's beloved Mount Vernon, visitor Jedidiah Morse closed with the words: "Such are the philosophic shades to which the late Commmander in Chief of the American Armies has retired from the tumultuous scenes Qf a busy world" (from "The American Geography"). Despite its beautiful and impressive setting, however, life at George Washington's beloved horne was far from idyllic. By 1799, Mount Vernon was an estate of approximately 8,000 acres, which were horne tQ slightly more than 300 individuals, living in rather dense little clusters, on five separate farms. The inevitable tensions Qf living in close proximity to the same people with whom one had to work for ten to sixteen hours a day were exacerbated by the subtle and not-so-subtle strains associated with the institution of slavery. For all the residents of Mount Vernon, relationships were both defined and complicated by issues of race and social status. I.M WashingtQns as Master and Mistress For many 20th century Americans, George WashingtQn is the quintessential 1 ·" leader, the charismatic head of a rebel army, who was able, through the sheer force of his personality and his embodiment of an ideal, to keep together a poorly equipped and ill-prepared army, until its eventual triumph over the greatest military power of the day.
    [Show full text]
  • Founding Fathers" in American History Dissertations
    EVOLVING OUR HEROES: AN ANALYSIS OF FOUNDERS AND "FOUNDING FATHERS" IN AMERICAN HISTORY DISSERTATIONS John M. Stawicki A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS December 2019 Committee: Andrew Schocket, Advisor Ruth Herndon Scott Martin © 2019 John Stawicki All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Andrew Schocket, Advisor This thesis studies scholarly memory of the American founders and “Founding Fathers” via inclusion in American dissertations. Using eighty-one semi-randomly and diversely selected founders as case subjects to examine and trace how individual, group, and collective founder interest evolved over time, this thesis uniquely analyzes 20th and 21st Century Revolutionary American scholarship on the founders by dividing it five distinct periods, with the most recent period coinciding with “founders chic.” Using data analysis and topic modeling, this thesis engages three primary historiographic questions: What founders are most prevalent in Revolutionary scholarship? Are social, cultural, and “from below” histories increasing? And if said histories are increasing, are the “New Founders,” individuals only recently considered vital to the era, posited by these histories outnumbering the Top Seven Founders (George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, Benjamin Franklin, and Thomas Paine) in founder scholarship? The thesis concludes that the Top Seven Founders have always dominated founder dissertation scholarship, that social, cultural, and “from below” histories are increasing, and that social categorical and “New Founder” histories are steadily increasing as Top Seven Founder studies are slowly decreasing, trends that may shift the Revolutionary America field away from the Top Seven Founders in future years, but is not yet significantly doing so.
    [Show full text]
  • Freedom and Unfreedom in the “Garden of America:”
    FREEDOM AND UNFREEDOM IN THE “GARDEN OF AMERICA:” SLAVERY AND ABOLITION IN NEW JERSEY, 1770-1857 by James J. Gigantino II (Under the Direction of Allan Kulikoff) ABSTRACT This dissertation examines abolition in New Jersey between 1770 and 1857. It argues that the American Revolution did not lead white New Jerseyans to abolish slavery. Instead, the Revolutionary War and the years following it reinforced the institution of slavery in the Garden State. This dissertation first focuses on the factors that led New Jersey to pass the Gradual Abolition Act of 1804, specifically the rise of Jeffersonian Republicanism and the influence of Quaker abolition activists and then examines the elongated abolition period which followed the enactment of gradual abolition, beginning with the role of the children born under the law, those who I call slaves for a term. The role these children played in early national America challenges our understandings of slavery and freedom. Instead of a quick abolition process, slaves and slaves for a term in New Jersey continued to serve their masters in significant numbers until the 1840s and then in smaller proportions until the eve of the Civil War. The existence of slavery in a free state challenges our understanding of the rise of capitalism in the early republic as well as the role the North played in debates over nationwide slavery issues beginning in the 1820s. This long-standing relationship to slavery helped prevent the formation of a strong abolitionist base in the 1830s and influenced Northern images of African Americans until the Civil War. Abolition in the North became very much a process, one of fits and starts which stretched from the Revolution to the Civil War and defined how Americans, white and black, understood their place in the new republic.
    [Show full text]
  • COLLEGE of LETTERS and SCIENCE a Showcase of the People and Progress in the UCLA College of Letters and Science
    Winter 2011 Volume Fifteen COLLEGE OF LETTERS AND SCIENCE A showcase of the people and progress in the UCLA College of Letters and Science 8 10 12 Making Sense of Our Life Lessons: The Changing Nature of 6 Inner Worlds Beyond the Lecture Hall Forging Friendships Migra Shelley Taylor, winner of the 2010 At the first College Summer Institute, A new study of students on Historian Kelly Lytle Hernández has Lifetime Achievement Award from the new Bruins got a head start on Facebook by sociologists traced the little-known history of how American Psychological Association, is university life that included a Andreas Wimmer and Kevin Lewis Mexican immigrants slowly became a founder of three fields in psychology civic engagement project to deepen found that race is trumped by the primary target of U.S. immigration that explore the issues that profoundly their involvement in the campus social connections and geographic law enforcement. affect mental and physical health. community. origins in friendship-building. On the cover: The Complexity of Emotion A Wondrous Machine to Unlock the Secrets of the The UCLA Physics & Astronomy Building, Harryette Mullen, professor of home to state-of-the-art research and English and winner of the 2010 Universe education space for the sciences. Jackson Prize for Poetry, uses UCLA scientists are playing her writings to explore globalism, Photo by Reed Hutchinson pivotal roles in the international the African American experience, consortium of researchers women’s issues, and a love of seeking fundamental insights wordplay. about the Big Bang. 14 16 S n a p s h o t s College News Great Futures for the College An update of events and progress The impact of philanthropy in the UCLA College of Letters on the College.
    [Show full text]
  • ETHJ Vol-49 No-2
    East Texas Historical Journal Volume 49 Issue 2 Article 1 10-2011 ETHJ Vol-49 No-2 Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj Part of the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Recommended Citation (2011) "ETHJ Vol-49 No-2," East Texas Historical Journal: Vol. 49 : Iss. 2 , Article 1. Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj/vol49/iss2/1 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the History at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in East Texas Historical Journal by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VOI.UME XLIX NUMBER 2 EAST TEXAS HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 2010-2011 OFFICERS Tom Crum President Cynthia Beeman First Vice President Bruce Glasrud. Second Vice President Christal Gill Secretary/Treasurer DIRECTORS Cyn(hia Devlin Zavalla 2011 Mary Kelley Scheer Beaumont 2011 Portia Gordon Nacogdoches 2011 George Cooper Spring 2012 Mary Lenn Dixon College Station 2012 Charles Grear New Braunfels 2013 Bernadene Pruitt Huntsville 2013 Joe Atkins Dallas 2013 Ted Lawe Dallas ex-President Milton Jordan Georgetown ex-President Archie P. McDonald Nacogdoches Life Director Cissy Lale Fr. Worth Life Director EDITORIAL BOARD Gene Preuss Houston Charles Grear New Baunfels Chuck Parsons Luling Charles Wai[e Edinburg Steven Short Dallas Jere Jackson Nacogdoches Gary Pinkerton Silsbee Jeff Guinn Ft. Worth Paul Sandul Nacogdoches John Caraway Clyde Gwen Lawe Dallas FALL East Texas Historical Journal 2011 EAST TEXAS HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION NIEMBERSHIP INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERS pay $100 annually LIFE MEMBERS pay $400 or more PATRONS pay $75 annually BENEFACTORS pay $60 annually STUDENT MEMBERS pay $15 annually FAMILY MEMBERS pay $45 annua'ily REGULAR MEMBERS pay $35 annually Journals $7.50 per copy Address: P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Marcus 16 Years Old House Servant at Mount Vernon Hercules “Uncle Harkless” 43 Years Old Father of Three Children Personal C
    Marcus Hercules “Uncle Harkless” 16 Years Old 43 Years Old Father of Three Children House Servant at Mount Vernon Personal Chef to General Geo. Washington Chief Cook at Mansion House Earned a salary of one to two hundred dollars a year by selling leftovers from the presidential kitchen. Kitt Caesar 25 Years Old 45 - 50 Years Old Father of Two Spiritual Leader of the Enslaved Community Wife died in childbirth with second child. at Mount Vernon Carpenter Washington’s Union Farm Field Hand Thomas Christopher Sheels (Father was free and white) 13 Years Old 25 Years Old Field Hand Received permission to marry a woman from (Father was sold to the West Indies by a neighboring farm. George Washington when he was captured after escaping from Mount Vernon) Personal Assistant to George Washington Billy Lee Slammin’ Joe 40 Years Old 45 Years Old Married a Free Black Woman in Philadelphia Married to Silla at Dogue Run Farm ● Served as Washington’s huntsman Six Children prior to Revolutionary War. ● Served with Washington during the Revolutionary War. Ditcher at the Mansion House Farm ● Shoemaker to other slaves at Mt. (A ditcher helped drain marshy lands so they Vernon after the Revolutionary War. were suitable for farming) Savary Austin Son of a ditcher and a field hand. 25 Years Old 11 Years Old Waiter at the Mansion House. Assisted with the care of the animals at Dogue Run Farm. Married to Charlotte Five children Simms Tom Davis 17 Years Old 25 Years Old Carpenter’s Apprentice at Dower House Brick Layer (Temporarily relocated to Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • The American Contradiction: Conceived in Liberty, Born in Shackles Kenneth C
    Social Education 84(2), p. 76–82 ©2020 National Council for the Social Studies The American Contradiction: Conceived in Liberty, Born in Shackles Kenneth C. Davis America was conceived in liberty and But “The past is never dead,” as must acknowledge that slavery rocked born in shackles. This is the Great William Faulkner, a son of the South, the cradle of American history. Contradiction at the heart of our nation’s once wrote. “It’s not even past.” We need a new framework to teach story. Let’s be clear. American slavery was that subject. I believe it must begin When the United States of America not a minor subplot in the American with five central points about the role was founded in 1776, the Founding drama, but one of the central acts in its that racial slavery played in the found- Fathers declared the lofty ideal of “all history. For many years, the long, tragic ing, creation, and development of the Men are created equal.” The Framers narrative of slavery’s destructive power American republic. We must weave of the Constitution later set out to form and its cruel savagery were concealed these fundamental facts into the bed- a “more perfect Union” to secure “the rock of how we teach American History Blessings of Liberty.” and Civics. But among their ranks were many men “Let’s be clear. American who bought, sold, and enslaved people. •Enslaved people were in America Slavery was present at the nation’s birth slavery was not a minor before the Mayflower Pilgrims. and was essential to the foundation of subplot in the American the political and economic power that In August 1619, a shipload of Africans built the country in the early nineteenth drama, but one of the captured to be sold arrived in Jamestown, century.
    [Show full text]
  • BOOKS at Castleton State College Library Purchased by the 2004
    BOOKS PURCHASED FOR THE CASTLETON STATE COLLEGE LIBRARY BY THE TEACHING AMERICAN HISTORY GRANT “Developing Master Teachers” (2004-2006) Project Director: Mike Austin, Ph.D. History Department - Castleton State College - Castleton Vermont Seldes, Gilbert Vivian, 1893- The 7 lively arts. 700 Se482s The 9/11 Commission report: final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. 973.931 N213n 50 years of Dissent / edited by Nicolaus Mills and Michael Walzer; with an introduction by Michael Cohen. 303.484 A82f Dwyer, Jim, 1957- 102 minutes: the untold story of the fight to survive inside the Twin Towers / Jim Dwyer and Kevin Flynn. 974.71044 D978o Mann, Charles C. 1491: new revelations of the Americas before Columbus / Charles C. Mann. 970.011 M315f McCullough, David G. 1776 / David McCullough. 973.3 M139s Borneman, Walter R., 1952- 1812: the war that forged a nation / Walter R. Borneman. 973.52 B645e Skeen, Carl Edward. 1816: America rising / C. Edward Skeen. 973.51 Sk23e Bruce, Robert V. 1877, year of violence / by Robert V. Bruce. 973.8 B83e Blanke, David, 1961- The 1910s / David Blanke. 973.913 B611n Chace, James. 1912: Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft & Debs-- the election that changed the country / James Chace. 324.973 C344n 2001 race odyssey: African Americans and sociology / edited by Bruce R Hare. 305.896073 A67t Pfeffer, Paula F., 1931- A. Philip Randolph, pioneer of the civil rights movement / Paula F. Pfeffer. 323.11960730092 R159 BP475a Melton, Buckner F. Aaron Burr: conspiracy to treason / Buckner F. Melton, Jr. 973.46092 B94 BM495a Lomask, Milton. Aaron Burr, the years from Princeton to Vice President, 1756-1805 / Milton Lomask.
    [Show full text]
  • Fall 2008 – No
    The National Underground Railroad National Park Service Network to Freedom Program US Department of the Interior National Capital Region Washington, DC THE CONDUCTOR (Fall 2008 – No. 24) New NCR Network to Freedom Members The Site of John Little’s Manor House (DC) in Kalorama Park was the residence of freedom seeker Hortense Prout who was found in a Union army camp. The Northampton Slave Quarters and Archaeological Park (Prince George’s County, Maryland) was the starting point for eight bondsmen escaping from the Sprigg family. The Freedom Site for Emily Plummer (Prince George’s County, Maryland) is now called Riversdale, and was where her husband brought her back from jail in Baltimore. NATIONAL HARRIET TUBMAN PARKS APPROACHING REALITY The momentum toward national commemoration of Harriet Tubman is growing. Along with Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman is a bigger-than-life figure identified with the Underground Railroad and known by school children across the United States. Tubman’s House in Auburn 1 Despite the fact that the Harriet Tubman acreage is within Blackwater National Special Resource Study has not yet been Wildlife Refuge or is private property presented by NPS to Congress, a bill to adjoining the refuge. The Harriet Tubman establish two NPS units has been National Historical Park in upper New introduced to Congress. On August 1, York State would include Tubman’s 2008, US Senators Benjamin L. Cardin home, the Home for the Aged she and Barbara A. Mikulski from Maryland founded, the local AME Zion Church, and joined Senators Hilary Rodham Clinton the cemetery where she is buried.
    [Show full text]
  • Freeborn Men of Color: the Franck Brothers in Revolutionary North America, 1755-1820
    FREEBORN MEN OF COLOR: THE FRANCK BROTHERS IN REVOLUTIONARY NORTH AMERICA, 1755-1820 Shirley L. Green A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2011 Committee: Ruth Wallis Herndon, Advisor Radhika Gajjala Graduate Faculty Representative Lillian Ashcraft-Eason Gretchen Holbrook Gerzina Rebecca Mancuso © 2011 Shirley Louise Swan Green All Rights Reserved iii Abstract Ruth Wallis Herndon, Advisor This dissertation examines the lives of William and Ben Franck, freeborn men of color, who used military service as a means to assert their manhood, gain standing in their community, and help to create free African American and African Canadian communities during the Revolutionary Era. It focuses on the lives and experiences of the Franck family from the 1750s, when Rufus Franck served in the French and Indian War, until the 1820s, when his younger son, Ben Franck, settled in Nova Scotia. At each step of the story, this study analyzes the communities of free people of color with whom the Franck brothers interacted. In doing so, this project challenges traditional narratives and stereotypes of African Americans during the Colonial and Revolutionary Eras. The Franck brothers’ individual histories, closely analyzed, have the power to expand the prism through which we view early American people of color, so that we see their reality more sharply in three ways. 1. The establishment of free families of color and communities throughout North America, from the pre-Revolutionary period until postwar America, was limited by social prejudices and legal prohibitions.
    [Show full text]