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China's Space Program
China’s Space Program An Introduction China’s Space Program ● Motivations ● Organization ● Programs ○ Satellites ○ Manned Space flight ○ Lunar Exploration Program ○ International Relations ● Summary China’s Space Program Motivations Stated Purpose ● Explore outer space and to enhance understanding of the Earth and the cosmos ● Utilize outer space for peaceful purposes, promote human civilization and social progress, and to benefit the whole of mankind ● Meet the demands of economic development, scientific and technological development, national security and social progress ● Improve the scientific and cultural knowledge of the Chinese people ● Protect China's national rights and interests ● Build up China’s national comprehensive strength National Space Motivations • Preservation of its political system is overriding goal • The CCP prioritizes investments into space technology ○ Establish PRC as an equal among world powers ○ Space for international competition and cooperation ○ Manned spaceflight ● Foster national pride ● Enhance the domestic and international legitimacy of the CCP. ○ Space technology is metric of political legitimacy, national power, and status globally China’s Space Program Organization The China National Space Administration (CNSA) ● The China National Space Administration (CNSA, GuóJiā HángTiān Jú,) ○ National space agency of the People's Republic of China ○ Responsible for the national space program. ■ Planning and development of space activities. The China National Space Administration ● CNSA and China Aerospace -
Religious Bearings in the Development of Mathematics
This dissertation has been 65—3869 microfilmed exactly as received HUMBERD, Jesse David, 1921- RELIGIOUS BEARINGS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICS. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1964 Education, history University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan Copyright by Jesse David Humberd 1965 RELIGIOUS BEARINGS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OP MATHEMATICS DISSERTATION Presented In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Jesse David Humberd, B.S., B.A., M*A., B.D, - 5 ;- - i s - # - j t The Ohio State University 1964 Approved by A d v ise r Department of Education ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to express his sincere thanks and appreciation to Dr, Harold P, Fawcett, teacher and adviser, for his inspiring personality in the classroom, and for his enthusiastic support in the preparation of this study. The author was first challenged by Dr, Fawcett in 1947, when in his first graduate course, Education 687, he was challenged to read more than twenty basic works in mathematics education. From that day to the present, he has known and valued greatly the ready enthusiasm and wise counsel of this master teacher. It is with deep gratitude that the author recognizes the cooperation and encouragement of his wife, Laura, during the preparation of this study. Much of the inconvenience resulting from moving the family several times, for graduate work; and most of the extra effort at home caused by periods of the w riter’s absence, has been borne by her. And to Lenora and Margaret, (or as they would have it, Lee and Meg), the author expresses thanks for their loyalty, during what must have seemed to be most of their lives. -
NEW FRONTIERS Annual Report 2017 Worldreginfo - 4245Ca48-E355-44B8-9Afc-76729Ab4a35e Worldreginfo - 4245Ca48-E355-44B8-9Afc-76729Ab4a35e CONTENTS
NEW FRONTIERS Annual Report 2017 WorldReginfo - 4245ca48-e355-44b8-9afc-76729ab4a35e WorldReginfo - 4245ca48-e355-44b8-9afc-76729ab4a35e CONTENTS SES AT A GLANCE 4 - Introduction 5 - SES Video in Numbers 6 - SES Video – Market Description 8 - SES Networks – Market Description 9 - SES Networks in Numbers 10 - Company Structure 12 - Launch Manifest 13 - Network Map 14 2017 IN REVIEW 16 - Letter from the Chairman of the Board - Romain Bausch 17 - Letter from the President and CEO – Karim Michel Sabbagh 21 - Financial Highlights 24 - SES Video in 2017 25 - SES Networks in 2017 27 - SES Innovation in 2017 30 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 32 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) 58 FINANCIAL REVIEW BY MANAGEMENT 62 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 70 SES S.A. ANNUAL ACCOUNTS 138 SES Annual Report 2017 3 WorldReginfo - 4245ca48-e355-44b8-9afc-76729ab4a35e SES AT A GLANCE WorldReginfo - 4245ca48-e355-44b8-9afc-76729ab4a35e INTRODUCTION SES supplies the power of connection everywhere on the globe - shaping experiences and opportunities for countless people, businesses, and organisations. Our reliable satellite and ground communications solutions deliver both video distribution services and network connectivity to urban centres and remote villages across the world. Innovation shapes the company we are, and our pursuit provide unrivalled convenience, low cost, low latency and of excellence made us the first to deliver a differentiated high reliability for customers. We go the extra mile, also and scalable GEO-MEO offering worldwide, with more delivering our network as a managed service so that our than 50 satellites in Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) and customers are able to stay focused on how to best maximise 12 in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO). -
Highlights in Space 2010
International Astronautical Federation Committee on Space Research International Institute of Space Law 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren c/o CNES 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren UNITED NATIONS 75015 Paris, France 2 place Maurice Quentin 75015 Paris, France Tel: +33 1 45 67 42 60 Fax: +33 1 42 73 21 20 Tel. + 33 1 44 76 75 10 E-mail: : [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Fax. + 33 1 44 76 74 37 URL: www.iislweb.com OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS URL: www.iafastro.com E-mail: [email protected] URL : http://cosparhq.cnes.fr Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs is responsible for promoting international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space and assisting developing countries in using space science and technology. United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs P. O. Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26060-4950 Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5830 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.unoosa.org United Nations publication Printed in Austria USD 15 Sales No. E.11.I.3 ISBN 978-92-1-101236-1 ST/SPACE/57 *1180239* V.11-80239—January 2011—775 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS UNITED NATIONS OFFICE AT VIENNA Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law Progress in space science, technology and applications, international cooperation and space law UNITED NATIONS New York, 2011 UniTEd NationS PUblication Sales no. -
25 April 2021
2 5 A P R I L 2 0 2 1 THE FINAL FRONTIER FLASH Developments & Analysis of the Space Domain In This Issue China Launches Shiyan-6 China to Build Ningbo Commercial Spaceport Russia Counterspace Lasers Mission Extension Vehicle-2 (MEV-2) Docking Upcoming China Space Station Missions Airbus to Lead On-Orbit Manufacturing Study 1411 Frontier, Suite 1A Spring Branch, TX 78070 isruniversity.com integrityisr.com All hyperlinks are underlined #WeKnowISR China Launches Shiyan 6 (03) Shiyan 6 (03) Launch from Taiyuan 8 April 2021: China launched the third in a series of experimental Shiyan 6 satellites April 8 aboard a Long March 4B rocket. Not much is known about the satellite other than it will test new space technologies, including a new super- black coating to absorb stray light and improve the sensitivity of on-board optics. See VIDEO - The Long March 4B rocket carried the Shiyan 6 spacecraft into a polar orbit about 620 miles (1,000 km) above Earth, with an inclination of 99.5 degrees to the equator. - This is the third in a series of Shiyan 6-type satellites. The first two Shiyan 6 satellites launched on Long March 2D rockets from the Jiuquan space center in northwestern China in November 2018 and July 2020. The first two Shiyan 6 satellites were deployed at lower altitudes. - Shiyan means “experiment” in Shiyan 6 (01, 02 & 03) Orbits Chinese. - One of the technologies to be tested on the Shiyan 6 spacecraft is a new super-black coating designed to prevent stray light from disrupting optical cameras. -
Bitrate Analysis of Satellite Television Transponders for Europe and Western Balkans
International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computing Vol. 4, No. 1 (2020) Original research paper UDC 621.397.743:629.783(4+497-15) DOI 10.7251/IJEEC2001001M Bitrate Analysis of Satellite Television Transponders for Europe and Western Balkans Vladimir Maksimović1, Branimir Jakšić 1, Mirko Milošević2, Mile Petrović 1, Petar Spalević1 1 University of Pristina with temporary seat in Kosovska Mitrovica, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia 2Department of Audio and Video Technology, The School of Electrical and Computer Engineering of Applied Studies, Beograd, Serbia E-mail address: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract— This paper analyzes the bitrate of transponders for satellite television. The analysis was performed for the Eutelsat 16A satellite located at 16°E (east) using the DiviCatch device and the DiviSuite software package. This satellite broadcasts more than 80% of TV channels for the Western Balkans. The overview of transponders, technical parameters, and the number of SDTV and HDTV channels is shown in the tables. The results obtained are graphically presented for the average bitrate and individual bitrate of each TV channel. The results show that the largest number of SDTV and HDTV channels are broadcasted in the DVB-S2 standard using MPEG-4 compression and 8PSK modulation technique. The analysis shows that providers use 28% less bitrate than the suggested minimum when broadcasting HDTV channels, while for SDTV channels bitrate is 2% lower then suggested. In order to compare the parameters and the bitrate usage, the paper analyzes four more satellites as follows: BulgariaSat at 1.9°E, Hot Bird at 13°E, Astra at 19.2°E and Astra at 23.5°E. -
EOSDIS Space Administration
National Aeronautics and EOSDIS Space Administration FALL 2019 Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS) Project A PUBLICATIONUpdate OF THE EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM DATA AND INFORMATION SYSTEM (EOSDIS), CODE 423 TOP STORIES IN THIS ISSUE: TOP STORIES LANCE Top 10 at 10 LANCE Top 10 at 10 ...................................1 NASA’s Land, Atmosphere Near Real-time Capability for EOS, NASA Earth Observing Data and Tools Aid better known as LANCE, is 10 years old. Here’s a look at 10 LANCE International Education ...............................4 milestones over the past decade. Now Available in NASA Worldview: Earth ince 2009, the Land, Atmosphere Near real- Every 10 Minutes .......................................5 Stime Capability for NASA’s Earth Observing System (EOS), or LANCE, has been providing DATA USER PROFILES ....................8 data and data products generally within three Dr. Philip Thompson hours of a satellite observation. The products, Dr. Kristy Tiampo services, and data distribution strategies Dr. Monica Pape developed by the LANCE team have helped transform not only how Earth observing data ANNOUNCEMENTS .........................9 are used, but also the worldwide accessibility of these data. As LANCE enters its New Global Sea Level Change Animation at NASA’s PO.DAAC… ...................................9 second decade, it’s worth looking back at some LANCE milestones. While this list is not meant to be all-inclusive, it provides an overview of how this major New Version of the ASTER GDEM .......................................... initiative evolved to provide data from instruments aboard Earth observing 10 satellites rapidly, accurately, and consistently. New PO.DAAC Saildrone Data Animation ...10 1. Development of the NRTPE and Rapid Response, the precursors WEBINARS ........................................11 to LANCE DATA RECIPES The evolution of what would become known as LANCE began in 2001 with AND TUTORIALS .............................12 the development of the NASA/NOAA/Department of Defense Near Real- Time Processing Effort (NRTPE). -
List of Satellite Missions (By Year and Sponsoring
Launch Year EO Satellite Mission (and sponsoring agency) 2008 CARTOSAT-2A (ISRO) 1967 Diademe 1&2 (CNES) 2008 FY-3A (NSMC-CMA / NRSCC) 1975 STARLETTE (CNES) 2008 OSTM (Jason-2) (NASA / NOAA / CNES / EUMETSAT) 1976 LAGEOS-1 (NASA / ASI) 2008 RapidEye (DLR) 1992 LAGEOS-2 (ASI / NASA) 2008 HJ-1A (CRESDA / CAST) 1993 SCD-1 (INPE) 2008 HJ-1B (CRESDA / CAST) 1993 STELLA (CNES) 2008 THEOS (GISTDA) 1997 DMSP F-14 (NOAA / USAF) 2008 COSMO-SkyMed 3 (ASI / MoD (Italy)) 1997 Meteosat-7 (EUMETSAT / ESA) 2008 FY-2E (NSMC-CMA / NRSCC) 1997 TRMM (NASA / JAXA) 2009 GOSAT (JAXA / MOE (Japan) / NIES (Japan)) 1998 NOAA-15 (NOAA) 2009 NOAA-19 (NOAA) 1998 SCD-2 (INPE) 2009 RISAT-2 (ISRO) 1999 Landsat 7 (USGS / NASA) 2009 GOES-14 (NOAA) 1999 QuikSCAT (NASA) 2009 UK-DMC2 (UKSA) 1999 Ikonos-2 2009 Deimos-1 1999 Ørsted (Oersted) (DNSC / CNES) 2009 Meteor-M N1 (ROSHYDROMET / ROSKOSMOS) 1999 DMSP F-15 (NOAA / USAF) 2009 OCEANSAT-2 (ISRO) 1999 Terra (NASA / METI / CSA) 2009 DMSP F-18 (NOAA / USAF) 1999 ACRIMSAT (NASA) 2009 SMOS (ESA / CDTI / CNES) 2000 NMP EO-1 (NASA) 2010 GOES-15 (NOAA) 2001 Odin (SNSB / TEKES / CNES / CSA) 2010 CryoSat-2 (ESA) 2001 QuickBird-2 2010 TanDEM-X (DLR) 2001 PROBA (ESA) 2010 COMS (KARI) 2002 GRACE (NASA / DLR) 2010 AISSat-1 (NSC) 2002 Aqua (NASA / JAXA / INPE) 2010 CARTOSAT-2B (ISRO) 2002 SPOT-5 (CNES) 2010 FY-3B (NSMC-CMA / NRSCC) 2002 Meteosat-8 (EUMETSAT / ESA) 2010 COSMO-SkyMed 4 (ASI / MoD (Italy)) 2002 KALPANA-1 (ISRO) 2011 Elektro-L N1 (ROSKOSMOS / ROSHYDROMET) 2003 CORIOLIS (DoD (USA)) 2011 RESOURCESAT-2 (ISRO) 2003 SORCE (NASA) -
Orthorectifying THEOS Data Rigorous Modeling
Geomatica OrthoEngine V10.3 Tutorial Orthorectifying THEOS Data Rigorous Modeling THEOS (Thailand Earth Observation Satellite), the first Earth observation satellite of Thailand, was successfully launched by Dnepr launcher from Yasny, Russian Federation, on Wednesday, October 1, 2008 at 06:37:16 UTC (Universal Time Coordinated) or 13:37:16 hours, Bangkok Time. THEOS, Thailand’s state-of-the-art satellite imaging system, is operated by the Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (GISTDA) (http://new.gistda.or.th/en/), Ministry of Science and Technology. The satellite’s sensor and orbit characteristics have been chosen strategically to provide worldwide geo-referenced image products for interdisciplinary applications including agriculture, forestry, land use, environmental monitoring, cartography, water resources, coastal zone and natural disaster management. With its oblique viewing capabilities, THEOS can support timely image of any part of the world in less than 3 days, with the resolution of 2 meter in panchromatic and 15 meter in multispectral images. The THEOS visible blue band is similar to that of the Landsat Thematic Mapper while the visible green and red and the near-infrared bands are similar to those of the SPOT family of imagers. The following tutorial outlines the steps required to orthorectify THEOS System Corrected Level 1A data in Geomatica OrthoEngine V10.3 1.0 Rigorous Modeling OrthoEngine is capable of performing Rigorous Modeling using THEOS System Corrected Level 1A data. Model calculations can be achieved without collecting Ground Control Points (GCPs) thereby orthorectification can be achieved on the fly. 1.1 Initial Project Setup Start a new project and select the math modeling method as ‘Optical Satellite Modeling’. -
New Horizons
Annual report 2014 New horizons Annual report 2014 New horizons Contents INTRODUCTION SES at a glance 2 Financial highlights 4 New horizons 5 Introduction by the Chairman of the Board of Directors 6 Foreword from the President and CEO 8 GLOBALISATION 11 A global fleet – Expanding SES’s presence worldwide 12 Market dynamics – Reaching 312m homes worldwide 16 Snapshot – The FSS market in 2014 18 INNOVATION 21 SES & ESA – Partners in space and on earth 22 O3b – Innovation in satellite communications 24 Spacecraft Operations Centres (SOC’s) Expanding to better innovate 26 APPLICATIONS 27 From emergency.lu to SATMED 28 HD+ Delivering a brilliant idea 31 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 32 Student scholarships and education partnership programmes 34 Environmental sustainability programmes – carbon footprint 34 Social and cultural initiatives 34 Fight Ebola 35 ELEVATE – the SES satellite training, quality assurance, and accreditation programme for installers across the African continent 35 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 36 FINANCIAL REVIEW BY MANAGEMENT 66 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 73 SES ANNUAL ACCOUNTS 125 SES at a glance AT A GLANCE networks. We offer full-time video contribution and occasional use, for example for large live events. Our fleet of 54 satellites provides reliable, secure and cost-efficient communications across the world. We provide video broadcasting Beyond providing capacity, our value-added services include and data communications services globally to broadcasters, cable additional support along the technical value chain for the TV programmers, telecommunications and mobile operators, preparation and transmission of content via linear and non-linear Internet Service Providers (ISP) and specialised VSAT service platforms, over the internet and to mobile handsets. -
Introduction of NEC Space Business (Launch of Satellite Integration Center)
Introduction of NEC Space Business (Launch of Satellite Integration Center) July 2, 2014 Masaki Adachi, General Manager Space Systems Division, NEC Corporation NEC Space Business ▌A proven track record in space-related assets Satellites · Communication/broadcasting · Earth observation · Scientific Ground systems · Satellite tracking and control systems · Data processing and analysis systems · Launch site control systems Satellite components · Large observation sensors · Bus components · Transponders · Solar array paddles · Antennas Rocket subsystems Systems & Services International Space Station Page 1 © NEC Corporation 2014 Offerings from Satellite System Development to Data Analysis ▌In-house manufacturing of various satellites and ground systems for tracking, control and data processing Japan's first Scientific satellite Communication/ Earth observation artificial satellite broadcasting satellite satellite OHSUMI 1970 (24 kg) HISAKI 2013 (350 kg) KIZUNA 2008 (2.7 tons) SHIZUKU 2012 (1.9 tons) ©JAXA ©JAXA ©JAXA ©JAXA Large onboard-observation sensors Ground systems Onboard components Optical, SAR*, hyper-spectral sensors, etc. Tracking and mission control, data Transponders, solar array paddles, etc. processing, etc. Thermal and near infrared sensor for carbon observation ©JAXA (TANSO) CO2 distribution GPS* receivers Low-noise Multi-transponders Tracking facility Tracking station amplifiers Dual- frequency precipitation radar (DPR) Observation Recording/ High-accuracy Ion engines Solar array 3D distribution of TTC & M* station image -
Your Satellite Connection to the World Annual Report 2008
YOUR SATELLITE CONNECTION TO THE WORLD ANNUAL REPORT 2008 NOW Highlights – Three successful satellite launches € € AMC-21, ASTRA 1M, Ciel-2 1,620.1m 1,630.3m Recurring 1 revenue +6.0% Reported revenue +1.2% – New orbital positions established at 31.5° East, 125° and 129° West – Transponder utilisation rate increased to 79% on a higher base of 1,082 €1,136.4m €1,100.0m commercially available transponders Recurring EBITDA +4.8% Reported EBITDA – More than 120 HD channels broadcast – Combination of SES AMERICOM and SES NEW SKIES into a new 81.6% €625.1m international division Industry-leading recurring Operating profit +2% infrastructure EBITDA margin maintained €0.98 €0.66 Average weighted earnings Proposed dividend increase of 10% per share +7.6% (2007: €0.91) (2007: €0.60) €5.8bn Fully-protected contract backlog Revenue EBITDA Average weighted earnings per share (EUR million) (EUR million) (EUR) Net debt/EBITDA 1,630.3 1,100.0 0.98 3.16 1,615.2 1,610.7 0.91 1,090.3 2.95 0.82 1,080.4 2.68 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 1”Recurring” is a measure designed to represent underlying revenue/EBITDA performance by removing currency exchange effects, eliminating one-time items, considering changes in consolidation scope and excluding revenue/ EBITDA from new business initiatives that are still in the start-up phase. SES network overview SES satellite fl eet Fully owned satellites as of March 15, 2009 01 02 03 SES ASTRA ASTRA 1C 5° East ASTRA 1F 19.2° East In Europe, ASTRA2Connect SES AMERICOM/NEW SKIES CapRock Communications ASTRA 1H 19.2° East is helping to bridge the provides satellite capacity for uses SES to provide ASTRA 1KR 19.2° East digital divide with broadband ComCast Media to distribute connectivity to remote oil ASTRA 1L 19.2° East connectivity to remote hundreds of channels to U.S.