Executive Biography
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Guatemala: Political, Security, and Socio- Economic Conditions and U.S
Guatemala: Political, Security, and Socio- Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations Maureen Taft-Morales Specialist in Latin American Affairs June 26, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R42580 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Guatemala: Political, Security, and Socio-Economic Conditions and U.S. Rela Summary Since the 1980s, Guatemala, the most populous country in Central America with a population just over 14 million, has continued its transition from a centuries-long tradition of mostly autocratic rule toward representative government. A democratic constitution was adopted in 1985, and a democratically elected government was inaugurated in 1986. A 36-year civil war that ravaged Guatemala ended in 1996. This report provides an overview of Guatemala’s current political and economic conditions, relations with the United States, and several issues likely to figure in future decisions by Congress and the Administration regarding Guatemala. With respect to continued cooperation and foreign assistance, these issues include security and governance; protection of human rights and human rights conditions on some U.S. military aid to Guatemala; support for the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala; combating narcotics trafficking and organized crime; trade relations; and intercountry adoption. In November 2011, Otto Pérez Molina won the second-round presidential election run-off with 53.8% of the vote. He took office, along with the 158-member Congress, on January 14, 2012. A former military commander who served during the civil war period, Pérez Molina faces concerns from some regarding his role in the human rights abuses committed during that period. -
Corazón Indocumentado Undocumented Heart Jornaleros De Oakland Cuentan Sus Historias Oakland Day Laborers Tell Their Stories
Corazón Indocumentado Undocumented Heart Jornaleros de Oakland Cuentan sus Historias Oakland Day Laborers Tell Their Stories La mayoría de los jornaleros encuentra una La falta de seguridad económica hace que estén Most day laborers find relative safety Due to U.S. immigration law, seguridad relativa en el silencio. Las historias de entre las personas en Oakland con más riesgo de no tener in silence. The stories in this exhibit and in undocumented day laborers endure separation from estos individuos, junto con sus obras de arte, llenan ese un lugar donde vivir, tener una nutrición pobre y de sufrir the Peralta House fills this silence. That these day their families in their homelands. Many have not silencio. Su participación es un acto de valentía, y un honor problemas de salud. Con la ayuda del Proyecto de Salud al laborers have shared their stories is an act of seen their adult offspring since they were children, para la Hacienda Peralta. Nivel de la Calle, muchos en la exposición ahora pueden bravery for them and an honor for Peralta Hacienda. have never met their grandchildren, or have risked evitar las peores consecuencias. their lives to visit relatives on their deathbeds. Los jornaleros carecen de los derechos Day laborers lack basic legal rights, legales más básicos, y con frecuencia son humillados Los jornaleros de México y Centroamérica son and can be deported without notice. They are Time and Place: The timeline in the exhibit o deportados sin previo aviso. Son contratados sólo por muy importantes para la economía de Estados hired only for an hour, a day or a week at a time, stretches from before European colonization to una hora, un día o por una semana a la vez, y normalmente Unidos, como lo han sido desde inicios del siglo veinte. -
Biografía Política Guatemala
BIOGRAFÍA POLÍTICA de Francisco Villagrán Kramer GUATEMALA / Francisco Villagrán Kramer BIOGRAFÍA POLÍTICA de GUATEMALA -los pactos políticos de 1944 a 1970- .', , . ~ ,'.. (" :," ~-; ~ : : ",:' ..1, ,. _ l 3L~ ~ Z? ,)..:+ \, 'a ,~Dt:5 V712 Villagrán Kramer, Francisco Biografía política de Guatemala: los pactos políticos de 1944 a 1970. 2da. edición Guatemala: FLACsq, 1993. S04p. 1. Políticos - Guatemala. 2. Historia Guatemala. 3. Análisis histórico. Publicación de la Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, FLACSO, programa Guatemala.. Diseño 'de portada: Rossina Cazali Grabado: Juan Antonio Franco Los criterios expresadosen esta obra son de la exclusiva responsa bilidad de su autor.. Este libro se publica gracias a la colaboración de Swedich Ageney for Research Co-operation wíth developing countries (SAREC). Impreso en Impresos Industriales, 1994 3a. calle 3-17, zona 9, Guatemala, C. A. Teléfonos: 316624 - 314369 FAX: 316328 ÍNDICE PRIMERA PARTE Presentación XIII Nota liminar XVII Capítulo I 1 La Revolución de Octubre de 1944 I Preludio revolucionario 1 11 Capitulación del Partido Liberal Progresista 11 111 La Junta Revolucionaria y los principios de la revolución 15 IV La Constituyente de 1945 y el acuerdo político con el ejército 25 Capítulo n 45 El primer gobierno de la revolución y el pacto del barranco I El programa inicial 46 11 El pacto del barranco 49 III Proyección institucional de la revolución 53 IV Proceso electoral prematuro y politización del ejér cito 63 V Asesinato del jefe de las fuerzas armadas 68 VI Epílogo 80 Capitulo m 87 El gobierno de Jacobo Arbenz, los pactos de caballeros y su renuncia Introducción 87 I El espectro de la confrontación política e ídeoló gica 91 11 El "pacto de caballeros" y el compromiso de unificación 103 11I La "operación exito" y el segundo "pacto de caba 113 lleros" IV Concertación en el exterior 116 V El frente interno. -
CAPITULO III Dictadura Militar, Partidos Políticos Y Luchas Revolucionarias
Temas de nuestra américa ISSN 0259-2339 CAPITULO III Dictadura militar, partidos políticos y luchas revolucionarias En 1954 fracasó la Revolución El indiscutible avance capitalis- Democrático-burguesa en Guate- ta, junto al debilitamiento de las mala. A partir de esa fecha reapa- clases dominantes vinculadas al recieron con toda su intensidad los negocio cafetalero, impidieron a rasgos autoritarios y represivos que Castillo Armas completar sus pla- habían caracterizado al Estado oli- nes de restauración oligárquica. gárquico hasta la caída de Ubico; La imposibilidad de reconstruir las aunque ahora esa política se repe- viejas estructuras de dominación tía en un contexto histórico-so- condujo a la formación de un he- cial diferente. La Revolución de terogéneo bloque de poder integra- 1944-1954 dejó como saldo una do por los herederos de los antiguos Guatemala mucho más moder- sectores hegemónicos agrario-expor- na, en la que definitivamente se tadores y los grupos burgueses emer- habían impuesto las relaciones gentes, constituidos por industriales y de tipo burgués, aún cuando financieros, asociados al capital mono- persistieran importantes ves- polista norteamericano. tigios semifeudales y una inmensa masa indígena El denominador común de esa alianza fue marginada como expo- un inusual y distorsionado crecimiento nente del patético atra- económico, acompañado de nuevas entre- so económico y social gas de los recursos naturales —níquel y pe- del país. tróleo, por ejemplo— al imperialismo y de la sobreexplotación del campesinado y la clase obrera. La coronación de este bloque de poder se efectuó en 1957 con la fundación de una vigorosa federación patronal —el Comité Coordinador de Asociaciones Agrícolas, Comerciales y Financieras Número extraordinario 2013 61 Temas de nuestra américa Número Extraordinario 2013 ISSN 0259-2339 (CACIF)— que desde entonces ex- mejor el papel punitivo del ejército presa mejor que los propios partidos dentro de un esquema político to- burgueses las inquietudes e intereses davía más restringido —plasmado de las clases dominantes. -
Augusto Cazali Avila Coordinador Historia De Guatemala Siglo Xx Las Transiciones Politicas: Del Ydigorismo Al Gobierno Militar
AUGUSTO CAZALI AVILA COORDINADOR HISTORIA DE GUATEMALA SIGLO XX LAS TRANSICIONES POLITICAS: DEL YDIGORISMO AL GOBIERNO MILITAR DE PERALTA AZURDIA (1958-1966) ANA PATRICIA BORRAYO MORALES AUXILIAR DE INVESTIGACION UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA. DIRECCION GENERAL DE INVESTIGACION (DIGI). GUATEMALA, ENERO-DICIEMBRE DEL 2000 1 EXPLICACION Y PREFACIO Este trabajo histórico es el resultado de un proyecto de investigación que se presentó bajo el título HISTORIA DE GUATEMALA: SIGLO XX. Las transiciones políticas: del ydigorismo al Gobierno Militar de Peralta Azurdia. (1958-1966). A la vez, forma parte de un plan general de Historia de Guatemala sobre áquel período al cual consideramos como la historia contemporánea de nuestra nación. El plan se inició a principios del año 1990, dentro del Area de Investigación de Ciencias Sociales, en la Dirección General de Investigación (DIGI) de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala. Desde el último año citado, hasta finalizar el 2000 se han desarrollado los proyectos de investigación y escrito las obras históricas relativas a los siguientes períodos de nuestra vida nacional, incluyendo una bibliografía de apoyo a los investigadores, bajo los siguientes títulos: 1) Bibliografía de Historia de Guatemala: Siglo XX. (Un Volúmen) 2) Antecedentes del siglo XX en Guatemala. Epoca Republicana: Siglo XIX. (1821- 1898). (Un Volúmen) 3) El Gobierno de Manuel Estrada Cabrera. (1898-1920). (Dos volúmenes) 4) Del Unionismo a la Restauración del Liberalismo. (1920-1926). (Dos volúmenes) 5) El Gobierno de Lázaro Chacón. (1926-1930). (Un volúmen) 6) La Dictadura Ubiquista. (1931-1944). (Tres volúmenes) 7) La Década Revolucionaria en Guatemala. (1944-1954). Primera parte: La Revolución de Octubre y La Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno. -
Universidad De San Carlos De Guatemala Escuela De Ciencia Política El Liderazgo En Los Partidos Políticos De Guatemala
UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA ESCUELA DE CIENCIA POLÍTICA EL LIDERAZGO EN LOS PARTIDOS POLÍTICOS DE GUATEMALA: CASO PARTIDO UNIONISTA 2012-2014 TESIS PRESENTADA AL CONSEJO DIRECTIVO DE LA ESCUELA DE CIENCIA POLÍTICA POR FRANCISCO ORLANDO ARCHILA RAMÍREZ Carné 199918436 Previo a conferírsele el grado académico Licenciado en Ciencia Política Y el Título Profesional de POLITICÓLOGO GUATEMALA, AGOSTO,2017 DEDICATORIA A DIOS por darme la vida y sabiduría para lograr culminar esta etapa de mi vida profesional y ser el guía de mi vida. A MIS PADRES Francisco Archila y Susana Ramírez, por su amor, su ejemplo y enseñanzas. A MI ESPOSA AMIGA Y CONFIDENTE Karina Ascón, por su apoyo incondicional, paciencia y por alentarme en esos momentos en que uno piensa desfallecer. A HIJA Andrea Ixmucané, la luz de mis ojos. A MI AMIGO Y HERMANO Miltón Quezada, por estar siempre e incondicionalmente, gracias por ser vos tal cual eres. A MI SUEGRA Leticia Gamarro, por sus consejos y apoyo, siempre estaré agradecido. A Oliver, Pablo, Maya, Orquídea, Tete, Víctor y Betzabé, gracias por cada momento compartido. A MI TIA ESTER este triunfo también es tuyo. A MIS TÍAS, TÍOS, PRIMOS Y PRIMAS, gracias por ser mi familia por cada momento de alegría y por arroparme en los momentos difíciles. MIS AMIGOS, en especial Alfredo, Luis, Hugo, Melvin, Marleny, Karina, Eder, Cindy, Douglas, Flor, Ranfery y a tantos más que tuve la oportunidad de conocer en este camino gracias por su amistad incondicional, apoyo y consejos. UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA Y ESCUELA DE CIENCIA POLÍTICA por haberme albergado estos años de estudio y darme la guía para realizarme profesionalmente. -
Latin America Relations After the Inevitable US Military Intervention In
ARTÍCULO DE INVESTIGACIÓN U.S. – Latin America relations after the inevitable U.S. Military intervention in Guatemala in 1954 Relaciones Estados Unidos - América Latina después de la inevitable intervención militar norteamericana de 1954 en Guatemala Fecha de recepción: Agosto de 2014 Fecha de aceptación: Septiembre de 2014 Gianmarco Vassalli MA in International Cooperation for Development of Universidad de San Buenaventura, Cartagena in agreement with the University of Pavia and BA International Relations with Business Dirección postal: Calle Portobello, San Diego C38 10-15, Apt. B13, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia Correo electrónico: [email protected] Revista INTERNACIONAL de COOPERACIÓN y DESARROLLO VOL. 1, NÚM. 2. ISSN (online): 2382-5014 JULIO – DICIEMBRE, 2014 195 U.S. – LATIN AMERICA RELATIONS AFTER THE INEVITABLE U.S. MILITARY INTERVENTION IN GUATEMALA IN 1954 Abstract The 1954 U.S. intervention in Guatemala is a controversial key matter that still finds different and opposing interpretations in academia. In this article the impact of the U.S. coup in Guatemala on U.S.- Central America socio-political relations will be evaluated, through the critical analysis of different perspectives and attributes on the subject. This work identifies, with reference to academic theories, key motives and interests behind the intervention, in relation to the significance of Guatemalan democratic president Jacopo Arbenz’ s reforms in the wider social context of Central America. The possible wide-scale impact of these reforms with the creation of viable alternative model to American liberal capitalism and consequently of a perceivable potential threat to U.S. intrinsic interests in its hemisphere, will be reflectively explored throughout with the intent of proposing a solution over the 1954 U.S. -
The Coal-Case of Guatemala
chapter 2 The Coal-Case of Guatemala Rodrigo Véliz Estrada Independent journalist The coal-based power plant battle At the end of 2013 a state-owned Chinese construction company and a small US electric power company started a legal (and in time, physical) fight with each other. The conflict was over the property rights to a $900 million coal-based power plant in southern Guatemala. It represented the first big investment of a Chinese company in the country, which has a long political and economic tradition of bonds with the US. Panama, Costa Rica, El Salvador and Nicaragua had all begun to receive Chinese investment. Only Honduras and Guatemala had still remained “loyal” to the US area of interest in Central America. The coal-based power plant case was the first challenge to that historical hegemony. In a way, it was a fight between China and the US on Guatemalan ter- ritory. But the fight was conducted by proxy, in local politics. Parallel politics (para-política) is a term coined by the American historian Rob- ert Paxton to describe organizations or institutions that are “state-like” in their practice, but not a part of the government. In the Guatemalan case, key parallel networks, civil and military, licit and criminal, have a long history of using para-política to make their interests prevail. These networks act in the shadows, corrupting state institutions. In this sense Citation: Véliz Estrada, R. (2019). The Coal-Case of Guatemala. In R. Krøvel & M. Thowsen (Eds.), Making Transparency Possible. An Interdisciplinary Dialogue (pp. 31–36). Oslo: Cappelen Damm Akademisk. -
IFES, Faqs, 'Elections in Guatemala: 2019 General Elections', June 2019
Elections in Guatemala 2019 General Elections Frequently Asked Questions Americas International Foundation for Electoral Systems 2011 Crystal Drive | Floor 10 | Arlington, VA 22202 | www.IFES.org June 11, 2019 Frequently Asked Questions When is Election Day? ................................................................................................................................... 1 Who are citizens voting for on Election Day? ............................................................................................... 1 How is Guatemala’s political system structured? ......................................................................................... 1 What is the election management body? What are its powers? ................................................................. 2 What are the phases of the electoral process? ............................................................................................ 2 What are the reforms enacted in the new 2016 Electoral and Political Parties Law? ................................. 3 Who can vote in these elections? How many registered voters are there? How do citizens register to vote? ............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Will there be out-of-country voting? ............................................................................................................ 5 Who are the presidential candidates? ......................................................................................................... -
Carlos Castillo Armas, the United States and the 1954 Counterrevolution in Guatemala
CARLOS CASTILLO ARMAS, THE UNITED STATES AND THE 1954 COUNTERREVOLUTION IN GUATEMALA Andres Alberto Tapia B.A., University of California, Davis, 2009 THESIS Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in HISTORY at CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, SACRAMENTO FALL 2011 CARLOS CASTILLO ARMAS, THE UNITED STATES AND THE 1954 COUNTERREVOLUTION IN GUATEMALA A Thesis by Andres Alberto Tapia Approved by: __________________________________, Committee Chair Joseph Palermo __________________________________, Second Reader Patrick Ettinger ____________________________ Date ii Student: Andres Alberto Tapia I certify that this student has met the requirements for format contained in the University format manual, and that this thesis is suitable for shelving in the Library and credit is to be awarded for the thesis. __________________________, Graduate Coordinator ___________________ Mona Siegel Date Department of History iii Abstract of CARLOS CASTILLO ARMAS, THE UNITED STATES AND THE 1954 COUNTERREVOLUTION IN GUATEMALA by Andres Alberto Tapia Statement of Problem The 1954 overthrow of President Jacobo Arbenz Gúzman orchestrated by the United States has been approached by various points of view by different historians. While many aspects of the overthrow such as the involvement of the Central Intelligence Agency, the influence of the United Fruit Company, and the Guatemalan government’s relation to communism have all been covered, one crucial player in the overthrow, Colonel Carlos Castillo Armas, has not gained the same critical attention. Castillo Armas acted as the counterrevolutionary the CIA chose to lead the overthrow of Arbenz therefore understanding how he received the role and how he performed his task is important to understanding this historical moment. -
Freedom in the World 2016 Guatemala
8/1/2016 Refworld | Freedom in the World 2016 Guatemala Freedom in the World 2016 Guatemala Publisher Freedom House Publication 29 June 2016 Date Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2016 Guatemala, 29 June 2016, available at: Cite as http://www.refworld.org/docid/577a615011.html [accessed 1 August 2016] This is not a UNHCR publication. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily Disclaimer endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States. Freedom Status: Partly Free Aggregate Score: 54 Freedom Rating: 4.0 Political Rights: 4 Civil Liberties: 4 Ratings Change: Guatemala's Political Rights rating declined from 3 to 4 because of the increasing influence of organized crime and business interests in campaign funding, as well as the murder of municipal office candidates and their family members during the campaign. Quick Facts Capital: Guatemala City Population: 16,183,752 GDP/capita: $3,667 Press Freedom Status: Partly Free Net Freedom Status: N/A OVERVIEW Months of protests over a corruption scandal as well as an investigation jointly carried out by Guatemala's Public Ministry and the UNbacked International Commission Against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG) led to the resignations and arrests of dozens of government and private sector officials, including President Otto Pérez Molina and Vice President Roxana Baldetti Elías. The multiple graft schemes cost Guatemala more than $200 million in lost revenue and resulted in the medicalmalpractice deaths of at least 10 patients at staterun hospitals. -
Human Rights in Guatemala by Jennifer Archibald
R EVIEW D IGEST: H UMAN R IGHTS IN L ATIN A MERICA Human Rights in Guatemala by Jennifer Archibald Thirty six years of civil war affected human rights negatively in Guatemala. Many actors that violated human rights were also victims of human rights violations; a complex series of events that has still not been fully resolved today. During the Cold War the United States feared the president of Guatemala, Jacobo Arbenz, was a communist threat. In 1954, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) orchestrated an operation that forced Arbenz into exile. Civil chaos resulted with military officers revolting against autocratic rule. Multiple guerrilla groups conducted economic sabotage and attacks against the government. The army launched counterinsurgency campaigns resulting in a sequence of military dominated governments that were backed by the U.S. During the 36-year war Guatemala experienced a variety of military, government, and civilian conflicts, that left thousands dead and over a million displaced. The primary actors guilty of human rights violations were guerilla forces, succession of military juntas, and indirectly the CIA. The army was blamed by a Guatemalan truth commission for the majority of the abuses. The U.S. and various guerilla groups were also blamed for specific human rights violations and for fueling the war in general. The civil war and human rights violations were also characterized by mass displacement and gross human rights violations of the Guatemalan population, especially indigenous groups, women and children. For many Mayan communities, torture, targeted killings, disappearances and displacement were a daily experience. Public officials trivialized the murders and rape of women.