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WORK PAPERS OF SIL-AAB Series B Volume 9 AN INTERIM DJINANG DICTIONARY October 1983 WORK PAPERS OF SIL-AAB Series B Volume 9 AN INTERIM DJINANG DICTIONARY Compiled by: Bruce Waters SUMMER INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINES BRANCH DARWIN October 1983 i NATIONAL LIBRARY OF AUSTRALIA Cataloguing-in-publication Data Waters, Bruce. An interim Djinang dictionary. ISBN 0 86892 270 6. 1. Djinang language - Dictionaries. I. Summer Institute of Linguistics. Australian Aborigines Branch. II. Title. (Series: ¥ork papers of SIL-AAB. Series B; no. 9). 499' .15 ii PREFACE These Work Papers are being produced in two series by the Summer Institute of Linguistics, Australian Aborigines Branch, Inc. in order to make results of SIL research in Australia more widely available. Series A includes technical papers on linguistic or anthropological analysis and description, or on literacy research. Series B contains material suitable for a broader audience, including the lay audience for which it is often designed, such as language learning lessons and dictionaries. Both series include reports on current research and on past research projects. Some papers by other than SIL members are included, although most are by SIL field workers. The majority of material concerns linguistic matters, although related fields such as anthropology and education are also included. Because of the preliminary nature of most of the material to appear in the Work Papers, these volumes are being circulated on a limited basis. It is hoped that their contents will prove of interest to those concerned with linguistics in Australia, and that comment on their contents will be forthcoming from the readers. Papers should not be reproduced without the authors' consent, nor cited without due reference to their preliminary status. Views expressed by the authors are not necessarily those of SIL. Research resulting in this volume was partially funded by grants from the Department of Aboriginal Affairs. To order individual volumes of the Work Papers, or to place a standing order for either series, write: Bookseller SIL PO Berrimah Darwin NT 5788 Australia S.K. Ray Series Editor iii iv INTRODUCTION There are three dictionaries in this volume. The main dictionary is an alphabetically-organized listing of Djinang words, and contains various fields of information for each Djinang entry. Thus an entry will contain several of the following fields: 1. Djinang word or phrase 2. Dialect information 3. Part of speech 4. English meaning 5. Roget's Thesaurus semantic category number 6. Illustrative example (either a sentence, or phrase, with English translation) 7. Synonyms (including speech and dialect variants of the same word) 8. Antonyms Some of these fields of information occur in every entry (eg. 1, 3, & 4); some occur in most entries (eg. 2, & 5); some occur in a relatively few entries (eg. 6, & 7); while antonyms (8) occur in only a couple of entries. If a Djinang word or phrase has more than one sense, the entry will give all the Djinang senses. I have tried to give enough English senses to indicate the semantic range of a Djinang word in those cases where I know a single English gloss to be too restrictive. For each such sense, I often give a Roget category number as well - particularly if the category numbers differ. Synonyms are usually given at the end of the entry, or after the first of the English meanings. Normally a synonym will have the same range of meanings as the main entry, though not always. The reader should check in the dictionary where the synonym is listed as a main entry to see its range of meanings. It must not be assumed that the range of meanings and the listed synonyms given for any entry are exhaustive. The dictionary represents only my knowledge of the language at the time of writing, and will be expanded by subsequent field work. In addition to the main dictionary, the volume contains two 'reversed' dictionaries. One is a reversal organized v around the English 'keywords' (ie. the words of an English gloss which I judge to be significant as abbreviated indicators of the full sense), in alphabetical order. In this reversed dictionary, the only other fields of information in an entry are the Djinang word or phrase, and Roget's semantic category number. These latter two permit cross- referencing of the other reversed dictionary as well as of the main dictionary. The other reversed dictionary is organized around the Roget Thesaurus semantic category number, entries being arranged in ascending numerical order. For any group of entries having the same number, the entries are mutually ordered with respect to the Djinang word or phrase. The only other field included in an entry is the 'keywords' field (although not present in every entry), which permits cross referencing of the other reversed dictionary. The Roget numbers are taken from the 1975 edition of Roget's International Thesaurus published by Penguin Books. In that book, the numbers range from 1 to 990. I have added a few extra numbers, to facilitate the grouping of grammatical items and small closed classes of lexical items. The extra numbers used are as follows: 994 interrogative particles 995 suffixes (both inflectional and derivational) 996 logical relators (ie. markers of kinds of dependent clauses) 997 pronouns (both full form pronouns, and pronominal clitics) 998 modals 1001 body parts (including psyche terminology) 1002 particles 1003 negatives 1004 reciprocal/reflexive 1005 ejaculative 1006 deictics (ie. demonstrative words) 1007 auxiliary verbs This completes the introductory discussion. In the discussion which follows, I will give more details of the contents of each of the fields of information in the main dictionary - particularly any notational abbreviations which are used. I will also comment on the orthography, the genetic affiliation of Djinang to other Yolngu languages, and various other topics. vi GENETIC AFFILIATIONS At the time of writing, Djinang appears to be a member of the Nhangu group of languages in the Yolngu family. This was first suggested to me by Ray Wood of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, on the basis of survey work carried out by him in 1973 (approximately). Later, independently, David Zorc of the School of Australian Linguistics suggested the same affiliation on the basis of a small corpus of Golpa language data collected in 1981. (Golpa is one of the Nhangu languages, and the territory of its speakers lies in the north-eastern extremities of the Wessel Islands). My own field notes, together with Djinba data which I have recently collected and the Yan-nhangu data (Crocodile Islands), strongly supports the affiliation suggested by Wood and Zorc. In fact, while the evidence for Djinang being a Nhangu language is quite good, the evidence for the same affiliation for Djinba is even better. DJINANG DIALECTS There are currently seven principal Djinang-speaking clans; some of these are small (one near to extinction, though with potential for survival), while others are quite large. Each such clan has its own speech variety, although the linguistic realizations of dialect differences are various and the linguistic distance between each dialect varies according to the clans being considered. Thus, Manyarring and Murrungun clans' speech varieties are almost identical, while both differ markedly in some features from Marrangu. As I will be publishing separately on this issue, I will not go into details here. For some clans, the dialect name is a more convenient label than the clan name (eg. Wuḻaki), and will be used in this volume. Each clan is given an abbreviation as follows: Clan (or Dialect) Abbreviation Moiety Manyarring mn Djuwing Marrangu ma Djuwing Murrungun mu Djuwing Balmbi ba Yirritjing Djaḏiwitjibi dj Yirritjing Mildjingi mi Yirritjing Wuḻaki wu Yirritjing vii If a word is used by all clans, the entry for the word will give 'all' (or possibly DJN) in the dialect field, instead of listing all the clans individually. My fieldwork thus far has been limited to the Djuwing dialects, and principally in the Marrangu and Murrungun dialects. Information about other dialects comes mainly from information supplied by speakers of Djuwing dialects. I express my appreciation to my principal teachers: Joe Giḏarri (ma), Manbarrarra (mu), and David Malanggi (mn). I: addition, I have access to A. Capell's handwritten field notes, most of which is in the Wulaki dialect, being gathered about 1941 or before. I extend thanks to various others who have supplied language data, both directly and indirectly: George Milpurrurr (Ganalbingu clan, Djinba language), Jack Merritji (ma), David and Kathleen Glasgow, Jeffrey Heath, Frances Morphy, David Zorc, Beulah Lowe, and Graham McKay. In the main dictionary, I will occasionally cite a word from another language or dialect, and in such a case I indicate the language or dialect source by an abbreviation. The following are used: DJAM Djambarrpuyngu DJB Djinba (dialect) GAN Ganalbingu (dialect) GUP Gupapuyngu LIYAW Ḻiyagaḻawumirr RITH Ritharrngu BURR Burarra These are Yolngu languages or dialects, with the exception of Burarra which is a prefixing language to the west and north-west of Djinang. Ganalbingu and Djinba are Yirritjing and Djuwing clans which speak the language called 'Djinba' in the recent literature. Other clans which belong to this language are Dabi (Yirritjing), Manydjalpingu (Djuwing), and Walmapuy (moiety?). The various clans exhibit dialect variations similarly to the Djinang clans. Ḻiyagaḻawumirr is closely related to Ganalbingu and Djambarrpuyngu, according to local opinion. In fact, a Djinang man once said to me: 'Gupapuyngu is the mother of Djambarrpuyngu, and Ḻiyagaḻawumirr is the mother of Gupapuyngu' . viii ORTHOGRAPHY AND COLLATING SEQUENCE For ease of comparison with other Yolngu languages, the 'standard' Yolngu orthography is used herein, with the exception that: 1. Velar nasal is written n g and an n + g sequence is printed as n .
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