Intelligent Traffic Management

MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT REGIONAL COUNCIL OF TÜBINGEN – STATE OFFICE FOR ROAD ENGINEERING FOREWORD FOREWORD

"TOGETHER WITH THE ROAD TRAFFIC "THE BASIC CHALLENGE OF THE CENTRE IN , THE STATE FUTURE CONSISTS IN USING OUR OFFICE FOR ROAD ENGINEERING OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE THE REGIONAL COUNCIL OF TÜBINGEN INTELLIGENTLY AND EFFICIENTLY." MAKES AN IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTION TO REDUCING CONGESTION IN OUR STATE.”

Dear road users,

our motorways and federal highways in Baden-Württem- can query data about the current traffic situation, view aden-Württemberg aims to be a trailblazer in sus- tor the motorway tunnels round the clock. This presents a berg are amongst the most intensively used traffic routes traffic cameras in congestion-prone sections on this web- tainable mobility. Therefore we are enhancing all major challenge that has to be addressed every single day in . The efforts of the Road Traffic Centre Feuer- site and call up many other items of information. There is Bmodes of transport and exploiting the opportuni- to keep the extremely high volumes of motorway traffic in bach make for a smoother and safer traffic flow, and in also an app available for mobile end devices so that you ties presented by digitization in order to harmonize mobi- motion. As you can see, the tasks to be performed by the many cases traffic jams can be prevented altogether. To can access the traffic data while you are under way. lity, people and the environment even better. Road Traffic Centre add up to a complex package. this end, a committed team of operators and traffic engi- neers manages a large number of modern traffic control Thus the information provided by the Baden-Württem- There is a great deal of activity on our roads. They con- The purpose of the present brochure is to provide an over- systems, monitors the motorway tunnel safety equipment berg Road Traffic Centre helps you to optimize your jour- nect people with each other and remain a fundamental view of the various tasks and aims, the challenges and the and provides up-to-the-minute traffic information for all neys by selecting the best time window and the route with economic factor. Therefore one of our paramount objec- basic functionality of the Baden-Württemberg Road Traf- road users. the least disruptions. At the same time, it administers traf- tives is to maintain their good condition and thereby keep fic Centre. For a modern and effective road infrastructure fic flows in order to achieve the highest possible degree of traffic flowing as smoothly as possible, whilst at the same means a great deal more than just concrete and asphalt. The integration of tunnel monitoring into the Road Traffic safety and efficiency on the roads. time keeping environmental issues in mind. Centre is something that is only matched in a few other I hope you will enjoy reading the brochure. parts of Germany. The operators have the training Wishing you continued safe travel – as free of congestion In addition to repairing, modifying and enhancing the road required for both tasks. Round the clock and on 365 days a as possible. network, another vital factor is to be seen in traffic mana- Your year, they are there to improve safety and the smooth flow gement. Thus the chief tasks of the Baden-Württemberg of traffic on the particularly busy motorways and federal Your Road Traffic Centre can be seen in maintaining a smooth highways in Baden-Württemberg. flow of traffic, informing drivers about incidents, increas- ing road safety conditions and adopting all the measures Winfried Hermann MdL The Baden-Württemberg Road Traffic Centre is also re- necessary to achieve this. It is one of the most modern Minister of Transport for Baden-Württemberg sponsible for the design and operation of the central road facilities of its kind. Its staff observe the traffic on the construction administration service's traffic information Klaus Tappeser motorways, operate the traffic control systems and moni- system (www.svz-bw.de). Amongst many other things, you President of the Regional Council

2 3 BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG ROAD TRAFFIC CENTRE TRAFFIC IN BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG

CONTENTS TRAFFIC IN BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG

OUR ROAD NETWORK IN BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG TRAFFIC IN BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG VERY HIGH TRAFFIC LOADS IN THE STATE No other motorway in the south-west carries such a high Our road network in Baden-Württemberg ...... 5 The trunk route system in Baden-Württemberg includes traffic load as the A 8: The Road Traffic Centre – at the heart of traffic management ...... 6 1046 km of motorway and 4203 km of federal highways. They are the main arteries of the road network and equally between the motorway Traffic jams – how they come about and what helps to prevent them ...... 8 essential for the economy, tourism and getting to work on A 8 interchange at Leonberg approx. 155,000 and the Stuttgart intersection vehicles / 24h a daily basis. The A 5, A 6, A 8 and A 81 bear the heaviest north of the Karlsruhe TRAFFIC CONTROL loads of traffic. These motorways are used very intensively, A 5 motorway interchange approx. 146,000 and they most prominently demonstrate the demand for vehicles / 24h The traffic computing centre – the central computing facility for traffic control ...... 10 mobility in the state. south of the Stuttgart A 81 Overview of the existing and planned traffic control systems ...... 12 intersection approx. 127,000 The large proportion of heavy goods vehicles is indicative vehicles / 24h Rerouting systems ...... 13 of the good economic situation and Germany's economic A 6 Neckarsulm strength. Also, the motorways in the south-western part of approx. 95,000 Line control systems ...... 14 vehicles / 24h Germany are transit routes towards the Alpine countries, Hard shoulder running ...... 14 towards northern Germany and to all the neighbouring European states. Ramp metering systems ...... 14

Tauberbischofsheim Operational tunnel monitoring ...... 15 This is confirmed by the Average Annual Daily Traffic sta- tistics (AADT). They show that between 1980 and 2015 A81 the mean daily traffic volume on federal motorways rose ROADWORKS MANAGEMENT A5 from 35,296 to 63,332 vehicles per 24 hours. In compari- Neckarsulm A6 The new roadworks coordination and information system ...... 16 son to previous years, the rate at which traffic loads were A6 increasing slowed down significantly between 2000 and Temporary traffic control for roadworks and other critical stretches ...... 17 Karlsruhe 2010, but since 2013 renewed acceleration has been ob- A81 1 A7 served. A8 Journey time displays on motorways and in the vicinity of roadworks ...... 18 A5 Pforzheim

Leonberg Stuttgart Cooperative systems in Baden-Württemberg ...... 19 However, the traffic loads on the busiest sections of A5 motorways in Baden-Württemberg are significantly A8 A81 TRAFFIC SERVICES higher than this average value. Ulm

For optimized journey planning ...... 20 A81 The consequence of increasing traffic densities are, The motorway network amongst other things, more frequent traffic jams Provision of information via app and online ...... 21 A5 and a greater risk of accidents. In addition, the Baden-Württemberg Parking space management for motorways ...... 22 ecological effects have to be taken into account: Freiburg

In traffic jams and stop-and-go situations fuel A81 Road traffic census ...... 24 A5 consumption and exhaust emissions are A96 higher than during normal driving. Singen

List of abbreviations ...... 26

Imprint ...... 27

1 source:road traffic in Baden-Württemberg – annual comparison 2016 /2015, page 12 4 5 BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG ROAD TRAFFIC CENTRE TRAFFIC IN BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG

THE ROAD TRAFFIC CENTRE – AT THE HEART OF TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

CROSS-BORDER TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND DATA EXCHANGE

National and international information exchange increasingly being conducted via the MDM. It is a data OPTIMIZED TRAFFIC CONTROL, PROVISION traffic information available to the general public. Precise Traffic management does not stop at frontiers. The warehouse providing traffic safety data, journey time data OF HIGH-QUALITY TRAFFIC INFORMATION information on current traffic conditions and disruptions Baden-Württemberg Road Traffic Centre (SVZ BW) and routing data supplied by all the Federal States – free The chief objective of the Road Traffic Centre Baden-Würt- on the road network are displayed in real time, allowing maintains links with the traffic control centres in the of charge to all interested parties. Baden-Württemberg temberg is to achieve optimal exploitation of the availa- road users to modify their choice of routes or timing ac- Rhineland-Palatinate, Hesse, Bavaria, the SWISS traffic contributes all the data accumulating in its Road Traffic ble road network capacity. To this end, the Centre plans, cordingly. management centre and the Austrian ASFINAG. The op- Centre to the MDM. develops and operates 'intelligent' traffic control systems erators exchange data on all current information regarding and traffic influencing systems for motorways and federal An important core component of the Baden-Württemberg the Central European motorway network, ranging from highways. These systems process data that are gathered Road Traffic Centre is the central computing system with incidents affecting the Alpine motorways to driving bans automatically at intervals between every 15 seconds to several high-performance computers that process all the for heavy goods vehicles at given times. every 60 seconds concerning current traffic loads, weather traffic control data. conditions and road conditions. The resulting measures Ongoing exchange of information with and displays optimize the safety situation and the flow of the police traffic warning service traffic for those using the roads. The Road Traffic Centre and the traffic warning service provided by the police exchange data all the time. This If a police communication is received (after an accident, Traffic data at the European scale provides the basis for bundling police traffic information for instance), the Road Traffic Centre operators take over The Federal Highway Research Institute operates the Mo- (accidents, wrong-way drivers, breakdown vehicles, ob- control of the system and manually direct the displays. bility Data Marketplace (MDM) as a broker for road, traf- stacles on the road) with that of the Road Traffic Centre This ensures the best possible operation of the traffic con- fic and journey data. These data are prepared by specialist (roadworks, full closures, traffic loads) to make up a com- trol systems, at all times of the day and night and tailored service providers and other users, and the resulting in- prehensive information package. This ensures that people to each situation as it arises. formation is made available across Europe. The exchange under way have access to the most up-to-date information of data between individual traffic control centres is also of the highest quality. The Baden-Württemberg Road Traffic Centre makes all

6 7 BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG ROAD TRAFFIC CENTRE TRAFFIC IN BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG

FUNDAMENTAL DIAGRAM OF TRAFFIC FLOW

Q (veh./h)

Qmax congested traffic traffic volume traffic jam free-flowing traffic V (km/h) mean vehicle speed

unstable traffic stable traffic

Free-flowing traffic: Depending on the vehicle, road surface conditions, the weather etc., drivers can drive at whatever speed they wish to; overtaking is possible practically at any time without the need to wait for an opportunity.

Maximum traffic volume: The capacity of a section of road is determined – in addition to its structural state – by the speed and spacing of the vehicles. As a rule of thumb, the ideal speed for smoothly flowing traffic of high density is around 80 km/h.

BASIC PROPOSITIONS

 There is a connection between traffic density TRAFFIC JAMS: HOW THEY COME ABOUT and vehicle speed: The more vehicles there AND WHAT HELPS TO PREVENT THEM are on a given stretch of road, the lower will be the mean vehicle speed. The causes of traffic jams are many and varied, ranging Recommendation Systems guide traffic onto a different from too much traffic on individual sections of road to route in case of disruptions, allowing congestion to dissi- The fundamental diagram of traffic flow is a graph  In order to prevent a traffic jam forming and extreme weather conditions to breakdowns and accidents. pate more quickly. They provide road users with reliable that displays the relationship between traffic vol- to maintain a stable flow of vehicles, no more Many traffic jams involve a bottleneck caused by a reduc- alternative route recommendations. Line control systems ume (vehicles per hour) and speed (km/h). The vehicles may enter a stretch of road than exit tion in the number of available lanes, for instance because (LCS) manage traffic at peak times in order to improve fundamental diagram is based on a macroscopic it over the same period of time. of vehicles that have broken down, roadworks or at the safety and reduce congestion. They help to harmonize the traffic flow model that describes the relationship transition between an upgraded stretch of road and an un- traffic flow by prescribing a speed that ensures optimal between traffic density (vehicles per km), traffic  When a critical traffic density has been improved section. There is also the phenomenon of the flow volume, e.g. 80 km/h. Hard shoulder running (HSR) speed (km/h) and traffic volume. The fundamen- reached with a corresponding mean vehicle traffic jam 'out of the blue', perhaps just caused by the is a means of temporarily increasing capacity. Ramp me- tal diagram makes it possible to draw conclusions speed, the traffic flow state transitions from load of traffic or one lorry slowly overtaking another. tering systems (RMS) ease the traffic flow on the main about the capacity of a given section of road. stable to unstable. highway and improve the safety situation when vehicles The use of traffic control systems (TCS) can reduce the enter it. number of and impact of traffic jams. Alternative Route

8 9 BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG ROAD TRAFFIC CENTRE TRAFFIC CONTROL

AN EXTREMELY SOPHISTICATED IT SYSTEM The great advantage of the uniform software system con- The Federal Government has commissioned the develop- sists in its being written as open source software. With ac- ment of a uniform software system for traffic computing cess to the source code, all federal states can commission centres, the 'Einheitliche Rechnerzentralensoftware'. The further development of the system components without aim was to avoid the cost-intensive development of soft- becoming dependent on a single manufacturer. ware in the individual federal states, whose software was previously not compatible from one state to another. The This makes for a country-wide, state-of-the-art hardware system is modular, with a data distributor as its core com- and software system that provides a basis for presenting ponent. Standard interfaces allow practically any telemat- the current road traffic situation, detecting disruptions ics application to be connected to the distributor. This and forecasting traffic volumes. allows for flexible deployment of the system.

TRAFFIC INFORMATION WEATHER NETWORK CONTROL / LINE CONTROL OPERATORS / RDS/TMC SERVICE ALTERNATIVE ROUTING SYSTEM SUPPLIERS

80 80

TRAFFIC CONTROL

EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION (PROTOCOL CONVERTER) CONFIGURATION / PARAMETERIZATION DATA STORAGE / DATA EVALUATION THE TRAFFIC COMPUTING CENTRE – THE CENTRAL DATA DISTRIBUTOR DATA DISTRIBUTOR DATA DISTRIBUTOR COMPUTING FACILITY FOR TRAFFIC CONTROL APPLICATION FUNCTIONS APPLICATION FUNCTIONS APPLICATION FUNCTIONS

EXTERNAL EXTERNAL EXTERNAL EXTERNAL EXTERNAL Intelligent traffic management is only possible with the aid displays that provide graphical representations of the INTERFACE INTERFACE INTERFACE INTERFACE INTERFACE DATA STORAGE of a large and complex system of hardware and software. data collected from the road sections, so the operators + Therefore one of the Baden-Württemberg Road Traffic can provide road users with the best possible service. SYSTEM PARAMETE- ARCHIVE OPERATION

CONFIGURATION RIZATION EVALUATION TLS OFFICE STATE

Centre's main assets is the traffic computing centre where SERVICE REPORTING ROLOGICAL

all the information from the sections of the Baden-Würt- As an example, the system automatically detects when it GERMAN METEO- temberg motorway network is amalgamated. is necessary to allow vehicles to use the hard shoulder and reports this to the operator by means of an acoustic The Baden-Württemberg traffic computing centre is signal. Before the operator permits the traffic to use the DATA DISTRIBUTOR equipped with state-of-the-art technology at its facili- hard shoulder, she or he uses the video system installed ties in Stuttgart-Feuerbach. This helps the staff to car- along the route to check that all emergency stopping bays ry out their traffic management tasks effectively. It are free and no persons or obstacles are in the way. If these

Datenverteiler includes a control centre that is manned round the safety criteria are met, the hard shoulder can then be man- Applikationsfunktion clock. The control centre is equipped with large-screen ually opened for vehicles. DATA CONGESTION RDS/TMC FORMAL GRAPH ROADWORKS PREPARATION DEVELOPMENT TRAFFIC ... PL. CHECK FORECAST SIMULATION ANALYSIS INFORMATION

DATA DISTRIBUTOR DATA DISTRIBUTOR APPLICATION FUNCTIONS APPLICATION FUNCTIONS

BASE SYSTEM = application

10 11 BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG ROAD TRAFFIC CENTRE TRAFFIC CONTROL

OVERVIEW OF THE TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS REROUTING SYSTEMS The sheer number of existing and planned traffic control systems shows how much effort is being put into collective traffic control in Baden-Württemberg. This involves a large number of tasks, from planning and implementation of new RESPONDING FLEXIBLY TO FLUCTUATING This shows road users how much of the motorway they systems to the operation of the existing ones to ongoing upgrading of the traffic centre. TRAFFIC SITUATIONS can still use without running into congestion. Rerouting Rerouting systems recommend alternative routes to road systems are also important traffic control measures and users when the traffic is disrupted ahead and at the same sources of information where full closures become nec- HSR A 5 Dossenheim – Schwetzingen time such routes are available with reserves of capacity. essary. ARS at Weinheim intersection Ideally, they are deployed where there are two or more Tauberbischofsheim alternative routes for through traffic at a motorway in- COMMUNICATION AND COOPERATION ARS at Viernheimer Kreuz intersection terchange. For instance traffic approaching the Leonberg WITH OUR NEIGHBOURS A81 ARS at Weinsberg intersection three-way motorway interchange on the way towards Cross-border cooperation between the traffic computing ARS at Mannheim intersection Mannheim Mannheim can choose between the signed route via centres involved is necessary to ensure that rerouting sys- ARS at Heidelberg intersection Heilbronn (motorways A 81 and A 6) and the alternative tems can take account of disruptions that affect traffic on route via Karlsruhe (motorways A 8 and A 5). The system motorway sections in neighbouring regions where this, Hockenheim ARS at Hockenheim three-way LCS A 81 Leonberg – Mundelsheim compares journey times for each route and displays the too, needs to be redirected. Therefore the traffic comput- motorway interchange Neckarsulm A6 more favourable one if there are significant differences. ing centre maintains contact with the traffic management A5 ARS at Walldorf intersection A6 Additionally, the cause and location of the disruption are centre in Lucerne (CH) and the traffic computing centres Heilbronn Weinsberg displayed, e.g. "8 km traffic jam after Junction Sinsheim". in Frankfurt-Rödelheim and München-Freimann. LCS A 5 Karlsruhe Nord – three-way HSR A 81 Ludwigsburg Nord – Stuttgart Zuff. motorway interchange Karlsruhe Karlsruhe

A8 Ludwigsburg LCS B 14/29 Stuttgart-Wangen – Waiblingen ARS at Karlsruhe three-way B14 motorway interchange Pforzheim A5 Leonberg Waiblingen B29 A7 ARS at Leonberg three-way Stuttgart motorway interchange LCS A 8 Leonberg-West – Wendlingen

B27 Fog warning system A 8 Albhochfläche HSR A 8 Stuttgart – Stuttgart-Möhringen intersection A8 Tübingen A5 A81 Ulm

RMS B 27 Tübingen – Stuttgart LCS B 27 Stuttgart-Degerloch – Aichtal ARS at Ulm-Elchingen intersection

A5 HSR A 8 Stuttgart-Flughafen/Messe – Esslingen

Freiburg

TCS A 5 Weil am Rhein A81 A5 A96

TCS A 861 Rheinfelden Singen Lörrach

Rheinfelden As of: 08/2018

System operational ARS: Alternative Routing Sign RMS: Ramp Metering System LCS: Line Control System TCS: Traffic Control System System in planning stage / HSR: Hard Shoulder Running under construction

12 13 TRAFFIC CONTROL

OPERATIONAL TUNNEL MONITORING

ROUND-THE-CLOCK SAFETY Partly because of their structural peculiarities, but also because of their psychological effects on many road us- ers, tunnels require special safety measures. This includes permanent monitoring of the motorway tunnels by the Baden-Württemberg traffic computing centre – 24 hours per day, 365 days per year. You will find further information about The importance attached to tunnel safety can be seen in the traffic control the superordinated control technology monitoring and systems at control system with its three-stage configuration (central, www.svz-bw.de regional, local) and multiple fail-safe capacity.

LINE CONTROL SYSTEMS RAMP METERING The digital system monitors and controls all safety-rele- vant equipment, including functional integrity in case of Line control systems serve both to provide warnings about Ramp metering systems are implemented to optimize traf- fire and accident, operation of the observation cameras traffic jams, roadworks and weather-related hazards as well fic flow. A ramp metering system separates large queues of and tunnel ventilation. All alarm and warning signals as to homogenize the traffic flow by means of automatic vehicles into individual vehicles or small groups. The aim from all 15 monitored tunnels are transmitted to the The programming architecture is also conceived in such a operation of alternative routing signs. Baden-Württem- is not to reduce the number of vehicles joining the main Baden-Württemberg traffic computing centre. In addition, way that very disparate tunnel equipment can be integrat- berg operates systems that focus on different types of is- highway, but to have them entering in a more uniform video images of the traffic situation can be transmitted ed into the system and hence subjected to its control. In sue, such as warning against fog or a tailback of lorries up manner. This means that the main highway can accom- from most of the tunnels. The software of the superor- case of incidents, the traffic computing centre functions ahead. The primary effect of the system is to promote road modate them more readily. An independent expertise was dinated control technology system provides a clear over- as a communication centre for the fire service, police and safety; if less accidents happen there will be less traffic commissioned to assess the system’s effectiveness on the view of and access to all functions at the click of a mouse. motorway maintenance service. jams caused by them. B 27, and the findings confirmed that the three installations there have a beneficial influence. In particular, they help HARD SHOULDER RUNNING to accelerate dissipation of the morning congestion caused by excessive traffic loads travelling towards Stuttgart that Temporarily opening up the hard shoulder for drivers on cannot be avoided even with the aid of telematic measures. sections with excessively high traffic loads provides for greater road capacity. Before stretches of hard shoulder are opened for use, a video check is carried out to ensure that no obstacles are in the way and the extra emergency stop- ping bays on such sections are free. This helps to maintain a high level of road safety. In Baden-Württemberg, this technology is implemented on the A 8 south of Stuttgart. More sections with hard shoulder running are planned for the A 81 at Zuffenhausen and at Sindelfingen, on the A 5 at Heidelberg and on the A 8 at Karlsruhe.

Without hard shoulder running approx.+ 30%

With hard shoulder running

number of vehicles/h

14 15 BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG ROAD TRAFFIC CENTRE ROADWORKS MANAGEMENT

Baden-Württemberg ROADWORKS MANAGEMENT is a pioneer in the use of mobile congestion

THE NEW ROADWORKS COORDINATION warning systems with AND INFORMATION SYSTEM dynamic control

Baden-Württemberg has an effective and well established This figure will increase over the coming years. To this road infrastructure, and this high quality needs to be main- end, development work commenced on a successor sys- tained. An unavoidable consequence of maintenance work tem early in 2018. It will provide even more sophisticated and improving the road network is that roadworks have to functionality, and replace the old system in the course of be carried out. There is no way of avoiding the need to 2019, allowing for even better coordination in future. interfere with the flow of traffic in this way. To make sure that the impact on traffic and the encroachments on peo- The data are updated by the minute, for instance being ple's activities are kept to a minimum, roadworks planning enhanced with data from the mobile warning trailers de- is now supported by a state-wide roadworks coordination ployed to secure the roadworks that are transmitted online and information system. directly into the system. In addition, a slot management system is used to define the time windows within which TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL FOR ROADWORKS roadworks may be scheduled. This includes an appraisal AND OTHER CRITICAL STRETCHES THE OBJECTIVES: of the economic drawbacks involved (including financial  Roadworks are coordinated with each other as far as losses) on account of congestion because of the planned The risk of accidents is significantly higher in the vicinity being set up, so implementation periods of six or seven both location and scheduling are concerned. roadworks. of roadworks than is the case on normal sections of road. years may be expected.  Diversion routes are kept free. The same applies to all locations that are regularly con-  Night work is prioritized. Road users are provided gestion-prone, such as overused motorway interchanges or In association with the Federal Highway Research Insti- with information about the traffic situation at road- where an upgraded stretch of road transitions back to an tute's project, the State Office for Road Engineering is de- works in real time. unimproved section with fewer lanes. veloping a new generation of congestion warning systems  Reliable roadworks data for heavy and oversized that will also be linked to the traffic computing centre. transports or in cases of full closures. In recent years, manufacturers have presented a wide There, the data gathered from these systems will be pro-  Roadworks are announced at an early stage. range of new developments in the area of temporary traffic cessed for traffic control purposes. control systems and components with a view to increasing safety levels and capacity levels on heavily used sections The Baden-Württemberg Road Traffic Centre provides of road. A FEW EXAMPLES: support to local roadworks supervisors through the cen-  Mobile congestion warning systems with LED alter- tral roadworks coordinator. The effects that the roadworks A project managed by the Federal Highway Research In- native routing signs for hazard warning, speed control may be expected to have on traffic are investigated so as to stitute is currently elaborating the implementation criteria and lane guidance, achieve the best possible coordination. The roadworks in- and a range of application areas for such systems.  Equipment for direction change operation in long- formation system (RIS) is available at www.baustellen-bw. term roadworks using permanent light signals on de. This enables stakeholders such as drivers, German Baden-Württemberg's motorways have also experienced mobile traffic sign gantries, automobile associations, carriers and private service pro- the effects of intensified federal investment in the form  LED traffic control panels, viders to obtain comprehensive information on the road- of increased construction activity. Following the com-  Barriers and easily moveable protective devices, works being carried out in the state. mencement of upgrading works for two sections of the  Information according to requirements through dy- A 6 between the Walldorf and Weinsberg intersections, namic alternative routing with integrated congestion In the past five years alone, over 16,500 roadworks were upgrading works on the A 8 where it crosses the valley of information and/or journey time displays, administered in the internal coordination and planning the river Enz and the restoration of the Engelberg Tun-  Mobile camera systems for optimization of incident system. nel on the A 81 are under way. These major projects are and roadworks management. A screenshot from the 'Baden-Württemberg Roadworks Information System' provided by the State Office for Road Engineering (www.baustellen-bw.de) expected to take around five years to complete. Some of the corresponding congestion warning systems are already

16 17 BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG ROAD TRAFFIC CENTRE ROADWORKS MANAGEMENT

Available from 2019

ETSI G5 ROADWORKS WARNING • exact roadworks location WLAN • lane guidance • ...

TRAFFIC SITUATION REGISTRATION mobile warning trailer exact vehicle location • speed of travel • rain other service providers • fog ... ETSI G5

mobile cellular WLAN phone network cooperative traffic control centre

Roadworks warning and traffic situation registration (source: BMVI/BASt)

JOURNEY TIME DISPLAYS ON MOTORWAYS AND IN COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS IN BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG THE VICINITY OF ROADWORKS In 2019, cooperative systems in highways management will In future, the cooperative traffic centre will also be able - High traffic loads, accidents, breakdowns and also road- be implemented in Baden-Württemberg for the first time. to receive vehicle data on the traffic situation as well as works all cause problems for people travelling along the This represents the first step into the world of vehicle-in- sending roadworks warnings. The traffic centre will then - main trunk roads, and it is only natural that they are in- frastructure communication. In future, it will be possible generate a detailed, real-time appraisal of the traffic situ- terested in knowing how long the disruption is likely to for warnings and information on all short-term roadworks ation and use the results for traffic management. Traffic last. Together with the regional councils in Baden-Würt- in Baden-Württemberg to be communicated to vehicles - congestion can be reduced by means of optimized route temberg, the Road Traffic Centre provides journey time prior to their arrival at the roadworks using a special wire- usage and network management. This also leads to a no- displays for selected sections on the motorways and in the less network technology and mobile data communications. ticeable improvement in incident management results. - vicinity of roadworks – online and in real time. This infor- Drivers will then be prepared to be able to adjust their mation allows drivers to adjust their planning accordingly. driving behaviour to take account of permitted maximum Baden-Württemberg is cooperating with various stake- - The technology used can also supply alternative route rec- speeds and lane guidance in the vicinity of the roadworks. holders at national and international level: other Federal ommendations. This will result in significant improvements in traffic safety States, the Netherlands and Austria. One benefit of this upstream of and alongside short-term roadworks. The sys- international cooperation is a transnational traffic man-

When deployed at roadworks, the journey time displays tem has an interface to the roadworks information system agement network that is not confined within national or improve acceptance of the traffic control measures that and exchanges data with it. This ensures that all roadworks provincial frontiers. have been adopted, because alternative routes via the sec- are correctly registered and clearly identifiable for all driv- ondary road network clearly represent an unfavourable ers. option. Technically feasible journey time display before roadworks (source: ITS-United GmbH)

18 19 BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG ROAD TRAFFIC CENTRE TRAFFIC SERVICES

TRAFFIC SERVICES PROVISION OF INFORMATION VIA APP AND ONLINE The Baden-Württemberg Road Traffic Centre operates the cams can be accessed conveniently with the aid of the central traffic information portal for the state's road con- app, allowing navigation from location to location. With- FOR OPTIMIZED JOURNEY PLANNING struction administration at www.svz-bw.de. Various types in the 'weather conditions on the road' section, weath- of traffic information are available to road users there. 135 er symbols are used as a direct indication of the current A prerequisite for optimal journey planning is the webcams installed on motorways and federal highways weather situation at the respective stations. The app availability of high-quality traffic information. The Already more than provide an impression of current traffic and weather con- can convey all the traffic information supplied by the Baden-Württemberg Road Traffic Centre contributes 50,000 ditions. The network is to be extended so that images State Agency for Road Technology, and its user friend- to this with provision of comprehensive information in downloads from around 200 webcams will be available in the future. liness makes it an important aid to planning a journey. the internet and via an app for Baden-Württemberg and The motorway webcam images are presented together nearby regions of the neighbouring federal states (espe- with roadworks and traffic information and a presentation This source of information is already being used more cially for motorways). This allows for better scheduling of the motorway traffic situation in colour in the form of than 600,000 times every month. The app can be down- and route planning for a journey. In addition, the data a map. loaded free of charge from the Apple App Store or from produced by the Road Traffic Centre are made available Google Play. to interested parties via the Mobility Data Marketplace The motorway webcam images provide an even better (MDM). basis for assessing the local traffic situation and weather conditions. The cameras are installed at 72 important and/ or congestion-prone locations on motorways and federal VerkehrsInfo highways. Each of the 135 webcams transmits one image per minute via mobile communication to the Road Traffic Centre, which is then published on the web page. BW Download now - free of charge The messages from the roadworks information system and without advertising! provide details about the location, duration and type of roadworks – not only on the motorways, but also on fed- eral highways, state highways and district highways. The traffic information regarding congestion and hazard points is adopted by the police traffic warning service. The traf- fic situation data from motorways and selected federal highways are adopted from the traffic computing centre and supplemented with 'floating car data' – traffic data obtained from vehicles. The current state of the traffic is shown in colour on the map in the information portal. Taken together, this provides comprehensive information JOURNEY TIME LOSSES for road users and enables those planning a journey to The current traffic conditions can be viewed via the cen- assess the current traffic conditions. tral traffic information platform at www.svz-bw.de and in the app. Floating car data and our own traffic data com- The 'Verkehrs-Info BW' app ('Traffic information for bine to make traffic information available on all sections Baden-Württemberg' app) provides traffic information of the network. Since 2018 it has also been possible to for any time and place (including a compact congestion display journey time losses via the congestion barometer overview for important sections and current traffic dis- or directly on the map. ruption caused by roadworks and traffic jams). The main page consists of the map representation, with a large amount of information on the road traffic. The 135 web

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PARKING SPACE MANAGEMENT FOR MOTORWAYS

HGV (HEAVY GOODS VEHICLES) PARKING DIGITAL REGISTRATION OF PARKING SPACES There are not enough HGV parking spaces throughout parking areas. The aim is to reduce the number of parking ON CAR PARKS AND CAR SHARING CAR PARKS the whole of Germany on motorways. HGV drivers are infringements and capacity excess as well as making it eas- Along the federal trunk highways, Baden-Württemberg required to keep to specified driving and resting periods ier for HGV drivers to plan their breaks. has provided more than 100 car park and car sharing car by law. To date, there is no system that provides compre- parks. These provide commuters with more than 4,800 hensive information to HGV drivers regarding free spaces Each evening, several hundred HGV drivers have to spend parking spaces. Many people avail themselves of the car on parking areas. Baden-Württemberg has had five service the night close to the Swiss border on account of the sharing options, so the car sharing car parks are often full. areas equipped with registration technology that informs night driving ban in Switzerland. With a view to providing Baden-Württemberg is currently implementing a project HGV drivers about parking space occupancy on parking parking space and minimizing traffic searching for parking involving innovative laser scanning technology with the areas by means of roadside displays. The service areas are spaces, Baden-Württemberg operates a traffic control sys- aim of registering free spaces and informing users in real on the A 5 between the junctions Hartheim-Heitersheim tem on the A 5 near Weil am Rhein and on the A 861 near time. When the system is operational, the information will and Efringen-Kirchen in the direction towards Basel. Rheinfelden. be available via the central traffic information platform (www.svz-bw.de and via the app). This will enable road The system also provides information about vacant spaces users to find out where the nearest parking area with free via the internet as well as an estimate as to when a parking spaces is to be found and plan their journeys accordingly. area is likely to reach capacity, and on the motorway itself Also, the data will be transmitted online to the Mobility the number of free spaces is displayed upstream of the Data Marketplace (MDM). Once there, the information will be available to other service providers. Representation of car sharing space availability (prototype)

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ROAD TRAFFIC CENSUS TRAFFIC MONITORING Mobile reflector posts equipped with radar technology perform automatic traffic counts. This completely replac- es manual road traffic counts on state and local roads and largely replaces manual counting on federal highways.

Each year, counts are carried out one fifth of the count- ing points (distributed uniformly across the state) during a predefined period of time (usually two periods of two weeks each). In contrast to a manual census, this has the advantage that the traffic passing a given counting point is covered continuously each day for 14 days. This results in a significantly more comprehensive basis for extrapolating Radar sensor in the top section of the reflector post the respective AADT values. RESULTS EXTRAPOLATION The data and statistics gained from the traffic census are The hourly and daily values and the graphs obtained from important factors when it comes to planning and dimen- the automatic, continuous counting provide the basis for sioning roads or computing noise emission values. In ad- less than 30,000 (veh./24 h) extrapolating manually performed short-term counts or dition, the data are used for statistical purposes, e.g. for

30,000 to 45,000 (veh./24 h) traffic monitoring counts. The monthly and yearly average determining accident rates or annual mileage totals. fluctuation rates for the AADT values are used as the basis 45,000 to 60,000 (veh./24 h) for future censuses. As well as the AADT values (categorized according to 60,000 to 75,000 (veh./24 h) vehicle class), other parameters such as the standard hourly 75,000 to 90,000 (veh./24 h) A special extrapolation method developed by the Federal traffic volume and noise level computation parameters are 90,000 to 120,000 (veh./24 h) Highway Research Institute is used to compute the AADT determined. These lists of results, drawn up annually, are more than 120,000 (veh./24 h) values from the data gathered during traffic monitoring publicly available at www.svz-bw.de. Information about

Traffic volumes on federal motorways from the 2015 road traffic census and the manual censuses. the type and location of the counting points with the cur- rent AADT values is also available there in the form of a map.

Road traffic censuses help to determine traffic loads and AUTOMATIC, CONTINUOUS COUNTING LOCATIONS allow statistical assertions to be made about current traf- As of 2017, general data on traffic loads is gathered on a fic loads and the way traffic patterns are developing as an continuous basis (365 days /24 hours) via 36 monitoring essential basis for future planning. The country-wide 'ma- devices on motorways, 71 on federal highways and 44 on jor road traffic census' is carried out in five-year cycles. state highways. Change rates are computed from the an- In Baden-Württemberg, comprehensive and annual traffic nual averages of the Annual Average Daily Traffic volumes loads can be assessed by means of a traffic monitoring sys- (AADT). tem that has been in place since 2010. It is deployed main- ly on state and district highways, but also on federal high- MANUAL ROAD TRAFFIC CENSUS ways where technically feasible. The road traffic censuses The road traffic census on federal motorways and federal in Baden-Württemberg are based on around 150 (current- highways is conducted manually at around 550 counting ly) automatic, continuous counting locations, on sample locations every fifth year (2015 was the last time). The in- measuring via traffic monitoring as well as on manual road formation derived from up to 28 hours of monitoring data traffic counts. The various techniques are explained in the is published by the Federal Highway Research Institute. following section. Extrapolated results in tabular form

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS PUBLISHED BY Regional Council of Tübingen Dept. 9, State Office for Road Engineering Sub-Dept. 95, Baden-Württemberg Road Traffic Centre AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic (volume) Heilbronner Strasse 300-302, D-70469 Stuttgart As of: August 2018

ARS Alternative Routing Sign

ETSI G5 European Telecommunications Standards Institute NOTE ON DISTRIBUTION Transmission standard for traffic data This information brochure is published by the Baden-Württemberg State Government in fulfilment of its consti- tutional obligation to inform the public. It may not be used by parties, their candidates or their helpers for the FCD Floating Car Data purpose of canvassing during an election campaign. This applies to all elections. Improper use includes especially its distribution during election meetings or at party information stands as well as HSR Hard Shoulder Running insertion of, printing on or attaching to party-political information or advertising material. Circulation to third parties for use as part of election campaigning is also prohibited. Even without any chronolog- LCS Line Control System ical connection with a pending election, the present brochure may not be used in such a way that this usage could be construed as partisanship on the part of the publisher in favour of individual political groups. MDM Mobility Data Marketplace These restrictions apply irrespective of the mode of distribution, i.e. irrespective of the manner by which this bro- chure passes into the possession of the recipient and in what quantity. RIS Roadworks Information System However, parties are authorized to use this brochure for the instruction of their members.

RMS Ramp Metering System IMAGE CREDITS RTC Road Traffic Centre Title: David Franck (top left), Baden-Württemberg Ministry of Transport (top right), Rainer Haas (bottom left), Jens Pfisterer (bottom right); TCS Traffic Control System page 5: graphic Rainer Haas; page 6: David Franck (top left, bottom right); page 7: Jens Pfisterer (top), David Franck (bottom); page 8: Jens Pfisterer; page 9: graphic Rainer Haas; page 10: David Franck; page 12: graphic Rainer Haas; page 13, 14, 15: Jens Pfisterer; page 15: Fotolia.com/Miredi (top); page 17: Road Traffic Centre; page 18: Baden-Württemberg Ministry of Transport (top); page 22: Rainer Haas (left), Road Traffic Centre (right); page 25: Road Traffic Centre

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26 27 MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT REGIONAL COUNCIL OF TÜBINGEN – STATE OFFICE FOR ROAD ENGINEERING