Architectura Medii Aevi
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Pentagons in Medieval Architecture
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repository of the Academy's Library Építés – Építészettudomány 46 (3–4) 291–318 DOI: 10.1556/096.2018.008 PENTAGONS IN MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE KRISZTINA FEHÉR* – BALÁZS HALMOS** – BRIGITTA SZILÁGYI*** *PhD student. Department of History of Architecture and Monument Preservation, BUTE K II. 82, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary. E-mail: [email protected] **PhD, assistant professor. Department of History of Architecture and Monument Preservation, BUTE K II. 82, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary. E-mail: [email protected] ***PhD, associate professor. Department of Geometry, BUTE H. II. 22, Egry József u. 1, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary. E-mail: [email protected] Among regular polygons, the pentagon is considered to be barely used in medieval architectural compositions, due to its odd spatial appearance and difficult method of construction. The pentagon, representing the number five has a rich semantic role in Christian symbolism. Even though the proper way of construction was already invented in the Antiquity, there is no evidence of medieval architects having been aware of this knowledge. Contemporary sources only show approximative construction methods. In the Middle Ages the form has been used in architectural elements such as window traceries, towers and apses. As opposed to the general opinion supposing that this polygon has rarely been used, numerous examples bear record that its application can be considered as rather common. Our paper at- tempts to give an overview of the different methods architects could have used for regular pentagon construction during the Middle Ages, and the ways of applying the form. -
The English Claim to Gothic: Contemporary Approaches to an Age-Old Debate (Under the Direction of DR STEFAAN VAN LIEFFERINGE)
ABSTRACT MARY ELIZABETH BLUME The English Claim to Gothic: Contemporary Approaches to an Age-Old Debate (Under the Direction of DR STEFAAN VAN LIEFFERINGE) The Gothic Revival of the nineteenth century in Europe aroused a debate concerning the origin of a style already six centuries old. Besides the underlying quandary of how to define or identify “Gothic” structures, the Victorian revivalists fought vehemently over the national birthright of the style. Although Gothic has been traditionally acknowledged as having French origins, English revivalists insisted on the autonomy of English Gothic as a distinct and independent style of architecture in origin and development. Surprisingly, nearly two centuries later, the debate over Gothic’s nationality persists, though the nationalistic tug-of-war has given way to the more scholarly contest to uncover the style’s authentic origins. Traditionally, scholarship took structural or formal approaches, which struggled to classify structures into rigidly defined periods of formal development. As the Gothic style did not develop in such a cleanly linear fashion, this practice of retrospective labeling took a second place to cultural approaches that consider the Gothic style as a material manifestation of an overarching conscious Gothic cultural movement. Nevertheless, scholars still frequently look to the Isle-de-France when discussing Gothic’s formal and cultural beginnings. Gothic historians have entered a period of reflection upon the field’s historiography, questioning methodological paradigms. This -
Y\5$ in History
THE GARGOYLES OF SAN FRANCISCO: MEDIEVALIST ARCHITECTURE IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA 1900-1940 A thesis submitted to the faculty of San Francisco State University A5 In partial fulfillment of The Requirements for The Degree Mi ST Master of Arts . Y\5$ In History by James Harvey Mitchell, Jr. San Francisco, California May, 2016 Copyright by James Harvey Mitchell, Jr. 2016 CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL I certify that I have read The Gargoyles of San Francisco: Medievalist Architecture in Northern California 1900-1940 by James Harvey Mitchell, Jr., and that in my opinion this work meets the criteria for approving a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in History at San Francisco State University. <2 . d. rbel Rodriguez, lessor of History Philip Dreyfus Professor of History THE GARGOYLES OF SAN FRANCISCO: MEDIEVALIST ARCHITECTURE IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA 1900-1940 James Harvey Mitchell, Jr. San Francisco, California 2016 After the fire and earthquake of 1906, the reconstruction of San Francisco initiated a profusion of neo-Gothic churches, public buildings and residential architecture. This thesis examines the development from the novel perspective of medievalism—the study of the Middle Ages as an imaginative construct in western society after their actual demise. It offers a selection of the best known neo-Gothic artifacts in the city, describes the technological innovations which distinguish them from the medievalist architecture of the nineteenth century, and shows the motivation for their creation. The significance of the California Arts and Crafts movement is explained, and profiles are offered of the two leading medievalist architects of the period, Bernard Maybeck and Julia Morgan. -
AUSTRALIAN ROMANESQUE a History of Romanesque-Inspired Architecture in Australia by John W. East 2016
AUSTRALIAN ROMANESQUE A History of Romanesque-Inspired Architecture in Australia by John W. East 2016 CONTENTS 1. Introduction . 1 2. The Romanesque Style . 4 3. Australian Romanesque: An Overview . 25 4. New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory . 52 5. Victoria . 92 6. Queensland . 122 7. Western Australia . 138 8. South Australia . 156 9. Tasmania . 170 Chapter 1: Introduction In Australia there are four Catholic cathedrals designed in the Romanesque style (Canberra, Newcastle, Port Pirie and Geraldton) and one Anglican cathedral (Parramatta). These buildings are significant in their local communities, but the numbers of people who visit them each year are minuscule when compared with the numbers visiting Australia's most famous Romanesque building, the large Sydney retail complex known as the Queen Victoria Building. God and Mammon, and the Romanesque serves them both. Do those who come to pray in the cathedrals, and those who come to shop in the galleries of the QVB, take much notice of the architecture? Probably not, and yet the Romanesque is a style of considerable character, with a history stretching back to Antiquity. It was never extensively used in Australia, but there are nonetheless hundreds of buildings in the Romanesque style still standing in Australia's towns and cities. Perhaps it is time to start looking more closely at these buildings? They will not disappoint. The heyday of the Australian Romanesque occurred in the fifty years between 1890 and 1940, and it was largely a brick-based style. As it happens, those years also marked the zenith of craft brickwork in Australia, because it was only in the late nineteenth century that Australia began to produce high-quality, durable bricks in a wide range of colours. -
Architectural Resourcesresources
CHAPTER2 ARCHITECTURALARCHITECTURAL RESOURCESRESOURCES Key features of historic resources should be preserved. This chapter presents a historic overview and identifies the key features of architectural styles found in San Jose: • Vernacular or National p. 17 • Italianate and Italianate Cottage p. 18 • Greek Revival p. 19 • Carpenter Gothic or Folk Victorian p. 19 • Queen Anne p. 20 • Stick p. 21 • Shingle p. 22 • Neoclassical p. 23 • Colonial Revival p. 24 • Dutch Colonial Revival p. 24 • Craftsman p. 25 • Bungalow p. 26 • Prairie p. 27 • Tudor Revival p. 28 • Mission Revival p. 28 • Spanish Eclectic or Spanish Colonial Revival or Mediterranean Revival p. 29 • Italian Renaissance p. 30 • Art Deco p. 30 • Art Moderne p. 31 • International p. 31 • Mid-Century Modern p. 32 Guide for Preserving San Jose Homes Chapter 2: Architectural Resources CHAPTER 2 ARCHITECTURALARCHITECTURAL RESOURCESRESOURCES Individual building features are important to the character of San Jose. The mass and scale, form, materials and architectural details of the buildings are the elements that distinguish one architectural style from another, or even older neighborhoods from newer developments. This chapter presents an overview of those important elements of the built environment which make up San Jose. This includes a brief history of development, as well as a summary of the different types and styles of architecture found in its neighborhoods. Brief History Vendome neighborhood, just to the northwest of the The settlement of the Santa Clara Valley by Euro- present-day Hensley Historic District. This original site Americans began in 1769 with an initial exploration was subjected to severe winter flooding during the first of the valley by Spanish explorers. -
Flying Buttresses • Openings and Spans • Bar Tracery and Linear Elements • Large Scale Construction and Transmission of Knowledge
HA2 Autumn 2005 Gothic Architecture: design and history Outline • Main design issues and innovations • Structural outline • Chronological development • Classical styles (France) • Outside the canon • Gothic in the UK • Case study: Burgos Cathedral Gothic Architecture: design and history 2 Gothic Architecture: design and history Dimitris Theodossopoulos 1 HA2 Autumn 2005 Main design issues • Definition – a sharp change from Romanesque? (St Denis 1130) • Major elements pre-existing (ribs and shafts, pointed arches, cross vaults) • Composition and scale • Light and height • Role of patrons (royal vs. secular foundations) and cathedral buildings • Strong technological input • European regional characteristics • Decline: decorative character and historical reasons Gothic Architecture: design and history 3 Main design issues Gothic Architecture: design and history 4 Gothic Architecture: design and history Dimitris Theodossopoulos 2 HA2 Autumn 2005 Technological innovations • Dynamic composition • Dynamic equilibrium • Linearity – origin in Norman timber technology? • Role of the ribs (and shafts) • Spatial flexibility of cross vaults – use of pointed arch • Flying buttresses • Openings and spans • Bar tracery and linear elements • Large scale construction and transmission of knowledge Gothic Architecture: design and history 5 The role of geometry Gothic Architecture: design and history 6 Gothic Architecture: design and history Dimitris Theodossopoulos 3 HA2 Autumn 2005 Light Contrast Durham Cathedral (1093-1133) and Sainte Chapelle in Paris -
Spain in Puerto Rico: the Early Settlements
Curriculum Units by Fellows of the Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute 1986 Volume II: Writings and Re-Writings of the Discovery and Conquest of America Spain in Puerto Rico: The Early Settlements Curriculum Unit 86.02.01 by Doris M. Vazquez The primary purpose of this unit, Spain in Puerto Rico : The Early Settlements , is to provide the teacher with a useful teaching tool of the early years after the discovery of Puerto Rico by Spain. I have tried to gather in this unit all the information a teacher would need in teaching about Puerto Rico’s Indian and Spanish heritage. To make the presentation more appealing, I have prepared a slide packet to go along with the unit. A timely reason for preparing this unit is that in 1993, Puerto Rico will celebrate the 500th anniversary of its discovery by Christopher Columbus. This unit will therefore serve as cultural and historical enrichment for students in Spanish, Social Studies, and Bilingual classes in the junior and high school levels. Regular Spanish and Social Studies class students will learn about the culture and history of Puerto Rico and students in the Bilingual Program will be able to relate and reaffirm to their historical and cultural roots. Life on the island of Boriquén, as the Taino Indians called Puerto Rico, was never the same after the arrival of the Spaniards in 1493. The fate of the Indians and their lifestyle was to disappear. They struggled valiantly but in vain to resist the domination by the conquerors. The Spaniards’ quest to discover, colonize, and Christianize was unstoppable. -
Cathedrals, Stained Glass, and Constructive Painting in Joaquín Torres-García and in the European Avant-Garde
The Medieval in Modernism: Cathedrals, Stained Glass, and Constructive Painting in Joaquín Torres-García and in the European Avant-garde Begoña Farré Torras Tese de Doutoramento em História da Arte (versão corrigida) Novembro 2019 Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em História da Arte, realizada sob a orientação científica da Prof. Doutora Joana Cunha Leal e a coorientação científica da Prof. Doutora Joana Ramôa Melo Apoio financeiro da FCT e do FSE no âmbito do III Quadro Comunitário de Apoio. Declaro que esta tese/ Dissertação /Relatório /Trabalho de Projecto é o resultado da minha investigação pessoal e independente. O seu conteúdo é original e todas as fontes consultadas estão devidamente mencionadas no texto, nas notas e na bibliografia. O candidato, ____________________ Lisboa, 11 de Novembro de 2019 To Rogério, Marc and Ana (in no particular order) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My deepest gratitude to my thesis supervisor, Professor Joana Cunha Leal, for her unfailing support for my project, rigourous and constructive critique of it, and personal encouragement along the way. Many thanks, too, to my thesis co-supervisor, Professor Joana Ramôa Melo, for her incisive reading of my work and encouraging support for it. THE MEDIEVAL IN MODERNISM: CATHEDRALS, STAINED GLASS, AND CONSTRUCTIVE PAINTING IN JOAQUÍN TORRES-GARCÍA AND IN THE EUROPEAN AVANT-GARDE O MEDIEVAL NO MODERNISMO: CATEDRAIS, VITRAIS, E PINTURA CONSTRUTIVA EM JOAQUÍN TORRES-GARCÍA E NA AVANGUARDA EUROPEIA BEGOÑA FARRÉ TORRAS KEYWORDS: -
Romanesque Architecture and the Scenery
Index 13 Prefaces 31 Abbreviations 33 Chapter I – The Romanesque Architecture and the Scenery 35 Romanesque Architecture 39 The Romanesque in Portugal 45 The Romanesque in the Sousa Valley 53 Dynamics of the Artistic Heritage in the Modern Period 62 Territory and Landscape in the Sousa Valley in the 19th and 20th centuries 69 Chapter II – The Monuments of the Route of the Romanesque of the Sousa Valley 71 Church of Saint Peter of Abragão 73 1. The church in the Middle Ages 77 2. The church in the Modern Period 77 2.1. Architecture and space distribution 79 2.2. Gilding and painting 81 3. Restoration and conservation 83 Chronology Romanesque Architecture 35 Between the late 10th century and the early 11th century, Western Europe accuses a slow renovation accompanied by a remarkable building surge. In this period, the regional differences concerning ar- chitecture are still much accentuated. While the South witnesses the development of the so-called first meridional Romanesque art, in the North of France and in the territory of the Otonian Empire the large wood-covered constructions of Carolingian tradition prevail. However, it is throughout the second half of the 11th century and the early 12th century that a series of political, social, economical and religious transformations will lead to the appearance and expansion of the Romanesque style. A greater political stability is then followed by a slow but significant demographic growth. In the 11th century, progress in the farming techniques will provide better crops and a visible improvement in the population’s eating habits and life conditions. -
The Aesthetics of Islamic Architecture & the Exuberance of Mamluk Design
The Aesthetics of Islamic Architecture & The Exuberance of Mamluk Design Tarek A. El-Akkad Dipòsit Legal: B. 17657-2013 ADVERTIMENT. La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tesisenxarxa.net) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX. No s’autoritza la presentació del s eu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR (www.tesisenred.net) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. -
Is There a Pre-Romanesque Style in Architecture'?
Having analysed the essential characteristics of the archi• Is There a Pre-Romanesque tecture of ćhe Christian West between the 8th and ćhe llth c ent«ry, the a u thor p t>ts foru'ard hi s c onviction t hat a Pre-Ro»>anesque expression is preceding the Romanesque Style in Architecture'? style. The distingt>ishing features of the Pre-Romanesque architecture are biwxiality, the absence of correspondence between the interior organization of space and that of the Dr. Vladimir P . Goss exterior u>all-surfaces, the presence of hidden inćerior t<nits undistinguishable from the outside, and spatial discontinui• Foll professor of M i chigan university, t y. The author enu»>eraćes and exarnines in d e tail t h e Ann Arbor examples from Dalmatia, Switzerland, Spain, England, and Moravia, but he finds tl>e Pre-Ro»>anesque traits parćially in the architecture of the Eastern Christianićy too. From his Original scientific paper pape>' e»>erges a picture of a s lon>, gradual and tortuous ćransition of the Medieval World from ićs childhood and youth to full maturity. As we all k n ow , t h e n a mes of m e d ieval ar t s t y les the way in c h ich the architect communicates his con• are rather arbitrary. But, while we more or less under• cepts to his public. Definitions of the Romenesque em• stand what we mean when we use the word » R omanes• phasizing the points brought up i n t h e fe w p r eceding q ue« o r » Gothic«, there does no t s eem t o b e m u c h lines have been forwarded by scholars such as Baum, a greement as t o t h e m e aning anđ scope -
Robert Adam's Engagement with Medieval Architecture
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Stirling Online Research Repository A ‘Classical Goth’: Robert Adam’s engagement with medieval architecture PETER N. LINDFIELD Robert Adam’s Grand Tour in 1754–8 had a profound impact upon his understanding of the forms and ornament of Classical architecture. This became manifest after his return to Britain in his country house designs, as, for example, in the south façade of Kedleston Hall, Derbyshire (from c 1760).1 Beyond this elevation’s dynamic advancement and recession of planes, the architecture paraphrases two notable monuments of ancient Rome: the Arch of Constantine and the Pantheon. Kedleston’s interior, including its celebrated Saloon, was equally responsive to antique forms, and the tour’s impact upon Adam in the shaping of his eponymous neoclassical style is explored elsewhere in this volume. The vast majority of Adam’s country house architecture – from the remodelling of existing homes like Osterley Park, Middlesex (1763–80), through to the creation of new structures such as Witham Park, Somerset (1762–70) – was neoclassical.2 Indeed, of his realised work, only three of his 89 known country estate commissions were overtly Gothic, and all were south of the border: the interior of the Church of St Mary Magdalene, Croome d’Abitot, at Croome Court, Worcestershire (1763); the Round Room at Strawberry Hill, Twickenham (1766–7); and his work for the Duke of Northumberland at Alnwick – namely the interiors for Alnwick Castle (c 1770–80) and its associated Gothic eye-catcher, Brizlee Tower, Hulne Park (1777–83).