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Technical Assistance Layout with Instructions Initial Environmental Examination August 2017 Mongolia: Sustaining Access to and Quality of Education during Economic Difficulties Project Prepared by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Sports for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 1 August 2017) Currency unit – togrog (MNT) MNT1.00 = $0.000409 $1.00 = MNT2,443.50 ABBREVIATIONS ACM – asbestos containing materials ADB – Asian Development Bank ASI – agency for specialized inspection DPR – detailed project report EIA – environmental impact assessment EMoP – environmental monitoring plan EMP – environmental management plan GASI – general agency for specialized inspection GoM – Government of Mongolia GRM – grievance redress mechanism IEE – initial environmental examination MET – Ministry of Environment and Tourism MECSS – Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Sports MoF – Ministry of Finance UMED – Ulaanbaatar Metropolitan Education Department VOC – volatile organic compound WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 1 cusec – measure of flow rate (28.317 liters per second) 1 ha (hectare) – 10,000 square meter 1 km (kilometer) – 1,000 meter 1 kV – kilovolt (1,000 volts) 1 kW – kilowatt (1,000 watts) 1 kWh – 1 kilowatt-hour = 1000 watts NOTE In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Initial Environmental Examination Document Stage: Final Draft for Circulation Project Number: 50091-001 August 2017 Mongolia: Sustaining Access to and Quality of Education during Economic Difficulties Project Prepared by Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Sports for the Asian Development Bank This initial environmental examination is a document of the recipient. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and maв be preliminarв in nature. Your attention is directed to the “Terms of Use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ii Table of Contents CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS v ABBREVIATIONS v WEIGHTS AND MEASURES v NOTE v GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 13 1.1 Background 13 1.2 Impacts, Outcome, and Outputs 14 1.3 Scope of Work and Methodology Adopted 16 2.0 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 18 2.1 Mongolian - National, Local, Other Applicable Environmental Laws, Regulations, and Standards as applicable to the project. 18 2.2 Other International Environmental Requirements 27 2.3 Mongolia and Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) 29 2.4 Asian Development Bank’s Safeguards Policies 30 3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 34 3.1 The Project 34 3.2 Justification of the Project 34 3.3 Location 34 3.4 Size and Magnitude of Operation 40 4.0 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT (Baseline Data) 46 4.1 Physical Environment of Mongolia 46 4.2 Sub-project locations 52 4.3 Human and Economic Development 57 4.4 Climate Change Risks in Mongolia 58 4.5 Seismology in Mongolia 59 4.6 Ecological Resources 60 4.7 Protected areas in Mongolia 61 4.8 Environmental Parameters: Air, Ground Water, Soil, Noise Quality 64 4.8.1 Current Conditions and Major Problems 64 4.8.2 Monitoring of Air, Noise, Soil and Water along the project location 68 4.9 Socio-Economic Development 77 4.10 Historical, Cultural and Archaeology Sites/Places 85 5.0 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 87 5.1 Environment Problems due to Project Location and Design 87 5.2 Environmental Impacts Associated with Pre-Construction Stage 89 5.3 Environmental Impacts Associated with Operational Stage 98 6.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 100 6.1 MECSS Approach for Planning of a subproject 100 6.2 Alternatives for Subproject Components 100 6.3 Methodology for sub-project site selection: environmental view 100 6.4 Cumulative Impact Analysis of subprojects 112 7.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 116 7.1 Critical Environmental Review Criteria 116 7.2 Disaster Management, Health and Safety, Training 116 7.3 Environmental Impact Matrix 118 7.4 Monitoring 122 7.5 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 122 7.6 Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) 122 7.7 Environmental Management Plan Budget Costs 124 iii 7.8 Institutional Arrangements 125 7.9 Implementation Plan 127 8.0 INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION 131 8.1 Consultation Process 131 8.2 Consultation Details 131 8.3 Information Disclosure 138 9.0 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 140 9.1 Grievance Channels (Framework) 140 9.2 Time Frame 140 9.3 The Grievance Redress Mechanism 140 10.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 143 ANNEXURES 145 Annexure – 1: Inventorization of Schools/Kindergarten 145 Annexure – 2: Environment Management Plan (EMP) 189 Annexure – 3: Environment Monitoring Plan (Environmental Parameters) 198 Annexure – 4: Standards for Environment Monitoring for Air, Water, Noise and Soil Sampling 203 Annexure - 5: Sample Environment Monitoring Report 209 Annexure - 6 : Details of Public Consultation (Environment) 211 iv CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 1 August 2017) Currency unit – Mongolian Tughrik (MNT) MNT1.00 = $ .000409 $1.00 = MNT2443.50 ABBREVIATIONS ACM : Asbestos Containing Materials ADB : Asian Development Bank ASI : Agency for Specialized Inspection DPR : Detailed Project Report EA : Executing Agency EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EMoP : Environmental Monitoring Plan EMP : Environmental Management Plan GASI : General Agency for Specialized Inspection GoM : Government of Mongolia GRM : Grievance Redress Mechanism IA : Implementing Agency IEE : Initial Environmental Examination MET : Ministry of Environment and Tourism MECSS : Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Sports MoF : Ministry of Finance UMED : Ulaanbaatar Metropolitan Education Department VOC : Volatile Organic Compound WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 1 Cusec : Measure of flow rate (28.317 liters per second) 1 ha. (hectare) : 10,000 sq m 1 km (kilometer) : 1,000 m 1 kV : kilovolt (1,000 volts) 1 kW : kilowatt (1,000 watts) 1 kWh : 1 kilowatt-hour = 1000 watts NOTE In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars. v GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED General Terms Aimag : Province Soum : Smallest administrative unit of Aimag Bagh : Smallest administrative unit of Soum District : Smallest administrative unit of UB city Khoroo : Smallest administrative unit of District Ger area : Area in the cities which residents use traditional dwellings like as herders tent (sometimes called as “вurt”) Khashaa Plot : Fencing around Ger owned by households Construction Blue Print : Technical and detailed drawing for construction of building For the Purposes of this IEE Sub-project : Individual Schools/kindergartens selected and included in the project for expansion and new construction vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. The growth of Mongolia’s economв has rapidlв decelerated since 2011, due to declining foreign direct investment and falling commodity prices. The slowed growth has caused serious economic difficulties, including large revenue shortfalls and cuts in government investment, which are expected to continue beyond 2017, and further require the government to reduce public spending. Education expenditures are brought down to a minimum, only enough to keep existing schools and kindergartens operating. Under the circumstances, maintaining the current level of education services is a challenge, not to mention, expanding education services and sustaining quality improvements in the education system. 2. ADB is preparing a project to help the Government of Mongolia sustain access to and quality of pre-primary, primary, junior and senior secondary education during economic difficulties. The project will have five outputs: (i) gap in enrollment capacity of schools and kindergartens narrowed; (ii) unfinished curriculum reform and associated assessment system reforms completed; (iii) teaching and learning materials that accompany the new curriculum provided; (iv) teachers and managers’ knowledge and skills upgraded for the new curriculum and assessments; and (v) systems for planning and managing education services strengthened. The executing agency of the project will be the Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Sports (MECSS), and that the implementing agencies will be MECSS and Ulaanbaatar Metropolitan Education Department (UMED). The project will be implemented from September 2017 to June 2021. Components and Summary Environmental Issues 3. The IEE report comprises of baseline data on the existing condition of the physical and biological environment, the anticipated environmental impacts, proposed mitigation measures, monitoring frameworks, grievance procedure and public consultations. The consultant team undertook field surveys to sub-project sites to assess the physical and biological environment – factors such as site ecology, management of construction, sanitation,
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