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Monasteries and Temples of Bogdiin Khüree by Krisztina Teleki by the Insitutute of History, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar. 2011 ISBN 978-99962-2-041-8 Monasteries and Temples of Bogdiin Khüree, Ikh Khüree or Urga, the Old Capital City of Mongolia in the First Part of the Twentieth Century Survey conducted by: Zsuzsa Majer Krisztina Teleki Budapest, Hungary Ulaanbaatar 2006 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY OF A SURVEY OF OLD MONASTERIES AND TEMPLES IN THE PRESENT ULAANBAATAR AREA ...................................................................................................................................... 5 SURVEY AIM AND METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................................... 5 REMARKS ON TRANSCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................. 5 THE PRIMARY SOURCE: RINCHEN’S MAP .............................................................................................................. 6 ORAL SOURCES: DATA PROVIDERS ...................................................................................................................... 7 OTHER PUBLISHED SOURCES: PAINTINGS, MAPS, OLD PHOTOS ............................................................................ 8 WRITTEN SOURCES .............................................................................................................................................. 9 OVERVIEW OF SURVEY RESULTS ............................................................................................................. 11 CATEGORIES OF TEMPLES ACCORDING TO THEIR STATE AT THE TIME OF THE SURVEY ..................................... 13 LIST OF THE OLD MONASTERIES AND TEMPLES SURVEYED .............................................................................. 15 WORKS CITED .................................................................................................................................................. 17 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................................ 18 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................... 22 MANCHU OVERLORDSHIP .................................................................................................................................. 22 RE-LOCATION OF THE CAPITAL AND THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE AIMAGS WITHIN IT ............ 24 CAPITAL FORMING ACTIVITIES OF THE JEWTSÜNDAMBA KHUTAGTS ................................................................... 25 THE REIGN OF THE BOGD KHAAN: THE AUTONOMOUS PERIOD (1911-1921) ...................................................... 27 1921-1940: THE GRADUAL SUPPRESSION OF THE CHURCH AND THE PURGES .................................................. 28 CITY STRUCTURE, PARTS OF THE CITY AND THEIR TEMPLES ...................................................... 31 IKH KHÜREE ...................................................................................................................................................... 31 ZÜÜN KHÜREE ................................................................................................................................................... 32 GANDAN ............................................................................................................................................................ 34 LAY POPULATION QUARTERS ............................................................................................................................ 35 PALACES ............................................................................................................................................................ 37 THE TEMPLE OF CHOIJIN LAMA AND THE TEMPLES SITUATED AROUND IT ....................................................... 37 KONSULIIN DENJ ............................................................................................................................................... 38 MAIMAACHEN ................................................................................................................................................... 38 THE MERCHANT DISTRICTS (DAMNUURCHIN/DAMNUURGACHIN) ..................................................................... 41 TEMPLES AND MONASTERIES IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF IKH KHÜREE ..................................................................... 42 ECONOMIC LIFE OF TEMPLES (THE INSTITUTION OF JAS) .................................................................................... 42 MAIN MONASTIC AND ADMINISTRATIVE RANKS IN IKH KHÜREE ....................................................................... 43 RANKS AND OTHER DUTIES IN THE INDIVIDUAL MONASTERIES AND TEMPLES ................................................... 44 DESCRIPTION OF THE TEMPLES AND MONASTERIES IN IKH KHÜREE ....................................... 45 RINCHEN 910 - REBOGEJAI GANDANSHADDUBLIN (NOMIIN IKH KHÜREE) ....................................................... 45 RINCHEN 911 - BOGD KHAANII NOGOON SÜM (BOGD KHAANII ÖWLIIN ORD) .................................................... 57 RINCHEN 912 - GANDANTEGCHENLIN KHIID ..................................................................................................... 60 GANDAN KHIID .................................................................................................................................................. 60 Current Situation: Gandantegchenlin khiid ................................................................................................. 70 RINCHEN 913 - JANRAISIG DATSAN ................................................................................................................... 90 RINCHEN 914 - BARUUN GESER SÜM ................................................................................................................. 92 Current situation: Badma yogo datsan of Gandan monastery and Zurkhai datsan .................................... 94 RINCHEN 915 - CHOIJIN LAMIIN SÜM ................................................................................................................. 96 RINCHEN 916 - NARTAD DAGINIIN KHURAL (DAMDIN LAMIIN KHURAL) ........................................................ 100 RINCHEN 917 - DAR’ EKHIIN KHURAL ............................................................................................................. 101 RINCHEN 918 - TÖWDIIN KHURAL ................................................................................................................... 102 RINCHEN 919 - TANTONJALBIIN KHURAL (ZODIIN KHURAL) ........................................................................... 103 RINCHEN 920 - YUTAWIIN KHURAL (OIDOWIIN KHURAL) ............................................................................... 105 RINCHEN 921 - ERDMIIN DALAI BUYAN CHUULGAN SÜM (BOGD KHAANII SERÜÜN ORD) ................................ 106 RINCHEN 922 - TSAGAAN SÜM (GÜNGAADEJIDLIN) ........................................................................................ 108 RINCHEN 923 - NAROKHAJIDIIN SÜM ............................................................................................................... 110 RINCHEN 924 - DÜNJONGARWIIN SÜM ............................................................................................................. 111 3 RINCHEN 925 - DECHINGALAWIIN KHURAL ..................................................................................................... 112 RINCHEN 926 - EKH DAGINIIN AIMGIIN KHURAL .............................................................................................. 115 RINCHEN 927 - IKH SHAWIIN KHARCHUUDIIN KHURAL .................................................................................... 117 RINCHEN 928 - KHUTAGT TROITSKIIN SÜM ..................................................................................................... 118 RINCHEN 929 - ERLEG NOMUN KHAANII SÜM .................................................................................................. 121 RINCHEN 930 - AMGALANGIIN GESER SÜM ..................................................................................................... 122 RINCHEN 931 - DAR’ EKHIIN SÜM .................................................................................................................... 124 Current situation: Dar’ ekh khiid .............................................................................................................. 125 RINCHEN 932 - URCHUUDIIN SÜM ................................................................................................................... 127 RINCHEN 933 - KUNZIIN SÜM .......................................................................................................................... 127 RINCHEN 934 - TSAGAAN MALGAITIIN SÜM ..................................................................................................... 128 RINCHEN 935 - DASHSAMDANLIN KHURAL ..................................................................................................... 129 RINCHEN 936 - DASHCHOINKHORLIN KHIID .................................................................................................... 130 RINCHEN 937 - SHADDUBLIN KHIID ................................................................................................................
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