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REPORT ON THB Administration of Burma FOR THE YEAR 1929-30 Rangoon Supdt., Govt. Printing and Stationery, Burma 1931 LIST OF AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS. IN BURMA. AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSION PRESS, Rangoon. BISWAS & Co., 30, Lewis Street. Rangoon. BRITISH BURMA PRESS BRANCH, Rangoon. BURMA BOOK CLUB, LTD., Post Box No. 1068; Rangoon. INTERNATIONAL BUDDHIST BOO!! DEPOT, Post Box No. 97!, Rangoor., NEW LIGHT OF BURIIA. PRESS, 26 and 26A, Phayre Street. Rangoon. PROPRIETOR, THU DHAMA \VADI PRESS, 16-80,· Maung I{hine Street, Rangoon. RANGOON TIMES PRESS, Rangoon. MAUNG LU GALE. Law Book Depot, 42, Ayo-o-l!ale, Mandalay, MANAGER, CHAPPLE'S BUSINESS COLLEGE, 377, Lower Main Road llloulmein. IN INDIA, BOOK Co., LTD, 414A, College Square, Calcutta. BUTTERWORTH & Co. (India), LTD .. Calcutta. S. K. LAHIRI & Co.. 56, College Street, Calcutta. w. NEWMAN & co., Calcutta, THACKER, SPINK & co.. Calcutta ·and Simla, D. B. TARAPOREVALA, SONS & co., Bomhay, THACKER & Co. LTD., Bombay, CITY BOOK Co., Post Box No. 283, Madras. HIGGINBOTHA!I & Co., llladras. IN EUROPE, The ~ublications are obtainable either direct from the Office of the HIGH COMMISSIONER I<'OR INDIA, General Department, India Office Alclwych, Landon. \V,C.Z, or through any bookseller, Corrigendum. REPORT ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF BURMA FOR THE YEAR 1929-30. On page ii, line 10, . of the General Summary and on page 7, line 1, of the Report, for the words" His Excellency the Viceroy", substitute the words " His Excellency the Governor ". G.B.C.P.0.-No. 324, F. D., 8-9-31-570 TABLE OF CONTENTS. REPORT ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF BURMA FOR THE YEAR 1929-30, Part !.-General Summary. Part n.-Departmental Chapters. CHAPTER !.-PHYSICAL AND PuLITICAL GEOGRAPHY. PAGE PAGE PHYSICAL- POLITICAL-co11cld. Physzcal Features of the Country, 1921-22 and page 3 of Part II Area, Climate and Chief of the Reports on the Adminis­ Staples.-lSee pages· 1 to 8 of tration of Burma for the years Part II of the Report on the 1925-26 and 1926-27.) Administration of Burma for Details of the last Census : Tribes the yer 1921-22.) and Languages. -- (See pages 30 to 39 of Part II of the Report POLITICAL- on the Administration of Historical S111n111ary.-(See 1,Jages 8 Burma for the year 1921-22.) to_ 13 of Part II of the Repc;rt on the Administration of Changes in the Administra­ Burma ior the year 1921-22 tion- and page 2 of Part II of the 1. The Government 2 Report on the Administration 2. Administrative Territorial of Burma for the year 1928-2:1.) Changes ib. Form of Admi11islratio11.-(See 3. Additions to and Changes in pages 13 to 21 of Part II of the the <\chninistrative Stalf 3 Report on the Administration of Burma for the year ,921-22, Relations with Shan States page 2 of Part II of the R_eports and Frontier Affairs- on the Administration of Burma (i) Shan al/{l Kare1111i State,. for the years 1923-24, 1925-26, 4. Federated Shan States 4 1926-27, 1927-28 and 1928-29.) Character of Land Tenures : 5. Karenni States ... 6 System of Survey and Scttlc- 6. Other Shan States 7 111ent. -(See pages 22 to 26 of (ii) 1"lu: Chin Ifills. Part II of the Report on the ~ 7 Administration of Burma for the year 1921-22.) (iii) The Kachin Hill Tracts. Civil Divisions of British Territory.­ 8. 8 (See pages 26 lo 30 of Part II of the Report on the Adminis­ Condition of the People- tration of Burma for the year 9. 10 CHAPTER II.-ADMINISTRATION OF THE LAND. Realization of the Revenue- Settlements- 16. Progress of Settlements 13 10. Changes in lhe Law, Rules, 17. l:<'inancial Results 14 and Directions · 11 11. Demand, Collt:ctions, Remis­ Land Records- sions arid Outstandings 12 18. Area under Supplementary 12. Revenut> Proceedings and Survey ... 14 Coercive Processes ib. 19. Cost of Supplementary Survey ib. 20. Training of Officers 15 21. Transfers of Land ib. Surveys- Waste Lands- 13". Surveys by imperial Agency 12 22. Colonization 15 14. Surveys by Provincial Agency: 23. Grants .1;nd Leases for Cu\ti- Extension and Revision vation 16 Snrveys 13 24. Revenue-free. Grants and 15. Town Surveys and Surveys of · Assignments of Land Leased Areas ib. Revenue ib. iv CONTENTS. CHAPTER II. -:-AD1'UN~STRATION OF THE LAND,-·Concld, PAGE PAGE Go;veromeni Estates, and Revenue an;d RenJ;,p~-ing; · . Wards' ·Estates- . Classes- 25. Rangoon Estate . 16 27. Area held by Agriculturalis'(s 26. Other Government Estates ... 17 and Tenancies 17 J CHAPTER lil-,-PROTECTIQN; Legislative Authority.-(See pages Prisons- 57 to 59 of Part II of the Report 54. Accommodation 31 on the Administration of 55. Prisoners ib. Burma for the · year 1921-22). 56. Discipline 32 57. Financial 33 • 58. Vital 34 Course of Legisla~ion- .59. Miscellaneous 35 28. Work of the Legislative Council 18 Civil Justice- 29. General Acts affecting Burma 20 60. Courts 36 30. Ordinances affecting Burma ib. 61. Suits 37 3L Regulations affecting Burma 1/J. IJ2. Appeals ib. 32. Extension of Enactments to 63. rllc Jiigh Court ... ib. Sil.an. States ib. 64. Ge11eral 38 Registra~ion- Police-,,. 65. General. 38 66. Deeds registered ih. 33. Civ.il Police : Strength and 67. Income and Expenditure 39., Cost 21 54. Conduct, Education and Joint Stock Companies- Training ih. 68. 39 35. Buildfogs 22 36. Crime · ib. Local Bo~rds. A<lµiip.istJ;ation- 37. Working of the_ Police 23 69. Distris:,t Councils·, Cirde Boards. 38. Important Incidents - ib. a 1d Village Commiltees ••• 39 39. Offences under Special Acts 24 40. Non-cognizable Crimes ib. Municipal Administration.- 41. Preventive Law, Surveillance 70: Corporation of Rangoon 40 and lden(ificatiou iL 71. Other Municipalities 42 42. Punitive Police· .. 25 43. RaHway Police .. ib. Military- 44. M flitary Police .. 26 72. Str~ngth of the. G~rris~11 43 45. Rangoon Town Police 27 46 Village Administration 28 Marine~ 47. Wild Animals and Snakes ib. 73. Light-hou~es an~ Lig~t-ships 43 7'+. Rangoon Port Trust Adminis· tration ib. Criminal Justice- 75. Rangoon Pilot Service 44 76. Minor Ports .•. ib.. 48. High Court 29 77. Commercial Marine: Shipping 45 4.9. Sessions Courts ... 1b. 78. Commercial Marine : Wrecks.·. 50. Magistrates' Courts 30 and Casualties..... 46 51. Cases before the Courts ib. 79. Government Steamers and · 52. Trial of Cases ib. Launches ib. 53. Sentences 31 80. Marine Works.· and Surveys iii. CHAPTER IV.-PRODUCTION AND DtS'l'RIBUTION. Agriculture- Agricult ure-concld. 81. Occupied and Cultivated Area 48 86. Veterinary Departmental:Staff. 82. Area irrigated ... 49 and Veterinai:y School 53 83. The Agricultural Department so 87. Cattle Disease ... ib. 84. Agricultur~J Research ... 51 8~. Live-stock 54 85. Seed Distribution and Demon­ 8lJ. Agricultural Loans 55. stration 52 90. Protection from Floods ib. CONTENTS,· v.· CHAPTER IV.-PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION, PAGE PA' Weather and Crops-- frade- 91. Character of the Season 56 111. Maritime Tracie-: Total. Value­ 92. Outturn and Prices ib. and Revenue 67 112. Import Trade .ib. Co-operation- 113. Export Trade 69 114. Intra- provinci.tl Seahorne 93. Administrative and General 57 Tracie 71 94. Central Banks 58 115. Transfnmlicr Tr:1tle with 95. Agricultural Credit Societies 59 China, Siam and Dependen­ 96. Other Societies ib. cies ib. 1)6. Banks ib. Horticu It u re- 97. Agri-Horticullural Societies ... 6JPublic Works- 117. Administrati\·c and General. .. 72 Forests- (i) Roads and Buildings. 98. Forest-Reserves, Forest Settle­ ment, Demarcation, Survey 118. Comunmications 72 and Working Plans 60 119. Buildings : Central and 99. Protection of Forests 61 Provincial 73 100. Improvement of Forests 62 i'20. Miscellaneous 74 101. Exploitation of Timber ib. Iii) Railways a11d Tramways. Mines and Quarries- 121. Rai!waJs : Construction and 1_02. The Indian Mines Act 63 Surve~·s 75 103. New Concessions 64 122. Accidents and Interruptions ib. 10~. Petroleum 65 123. Traffic and Finapce 76 1()5. Lead, Silver, Zinc and Copper 1:2.J.. Tramways 77 Ore iii. 106'. Rubies, Sapphirt::s and Spinals ,,, .. liiiJ Ca11rtls. 107. Other Minerals ... ib. 108. Quarry Stones and Clay 66 123. Navigation Canals 77 Manufactures- Irrigation- 109. Principal Industries 66 126. ·Capital Account Works 77 110. Fadories ib. 127. Other Irrigation Works 79 CHAJ?TER V.-REVENUE ANU FI:>:AN.CE. Financial Relations between (b) Provincial Revenue and Central and Provincial Finance-concld. Governments- · 140. Ganja, Cocaine and Morphia 87 128; 80 141. Stamps ib. 142. Furest Revenue ... ib. 143, Canal (navigation and irriga- (a) Central Revenue and tion) Embankment and Finance-- . Drainage Revenue 88, 129. Total Central figures 81 J (c) Local Funds. 130. Customs ib. 131. Tqxes on Income ib. 144. District Funds, DeP,uly Com­ 132. Salt-General 82 missioner's Local Funds 133. Consumption of Salt ib. and Circle. l<'unds 88 134. Opium 83 145. Rangoon Municipal Fund .. ; 89 146. Other Municipal l<'unds 90 (b) Provincial Revenue -·and 147. Rangoon DevelopmenfTrust Finance. ·· Fund 91 J 48. Rangoon Port Trust Fund ib. 135. Total provincial figures R3 149. Other Local Fui1ds · ib. 136- Land Revenue 85 137. Excise-General ib. Paper Currency- 138. Excise-Opium .. ib. 139. Excise-Alcoholic Liquors 86 vl CONTENTS, CHAPTER VI.-VITAL STATISTICS AND MEDICAL SERVICES. PAC;E PAGE Births and Deaths- Medical Relief-conc/d, 151. Area under Registration and 161. Bunna Government Medical Total populat10n 93 School 99 152. Number of Births and Deaths ib. 162. Pasteur Institute and Bac- 153. Causes of Death 95 teriological Laboratory tb. 154. Cinchona Febrifuge 97 /63. Mental Hospitals ib. Immigration and Einigration- ,.j Public Health- 155. 97 164. Principal Works and Ex pen- diture 100 Medical Relief·- Vaccination- 156.
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  • BICAS Working Paper 14 Woods

    BICAS Working Paper 14 Woods

    Working 14 Paper CP maize contract farming in Shan State, Myanmar: A regional case of a place-based corporate agro-feed system Kevin Woods May 2015 1 CP maize contract farming in Shan State, Myanmar: A regional case of a place‐based corporate agro‐feed system by Kevin Woods Published by: BRICS Initiative for Critical Agrarian Studies (BICAS) in collaboration with: Universidade de Brasilia Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Rua Quirino de Andrade, 215 Brasília – DF 70910‐900 São Paulo ‐ SP 01049010 Brazil Brazil Tel: +55 61 3107‐3300 Tel: +55‐11‐5627‐0233 E‐mail: [email protected] E‐mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.unb.br/ Website: www.unesp.br Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Transnational Institute Av. Paulo Gama, 110 ‐ Bairro Farroupilha PO Box 14656 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 1001 LD Amsterdam Brazil The Netherlands Tel: +55 51 3308‐3281 Tel: +31 20 662 66 08 Fax: +31 20 675 71 76 E‐mail: [email protected] E‐mail: [email protected] Website: www.ufrgs.br/ Website: www.tni.org Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies (PLAAS) International Institute of Social Studies University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17 P.O. Box 29776 Bellville 7535, Cape Town 2502 LT The Hague South Africa The Netherlands Tel: +27 21 959 3733 Fax: +27 21 959 3732 Tel: +31 70 426 0460 Fax: +31 70 426 079 E‐mail: [email protected] E‐mail: [email protected] Website: www.plaas.org.za Website: www.iss.nl College of Humanities and Development Studies Future Agricultures Consortium China Agricultural University Institute of Development Studies No.