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Native Voices: Oral Histories of Native Americans in the Los Angeles Region

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Native Voices: Oral Histories of Native Americans in the Los Angeles Region Native Voices: Oral Histories of Native Americans in the Los Angeles Region Conducted and Transcribed by Students of Occidental College for Professor Jan Lin June 2011 1 Table of Contents Page Preface and Acknowledgements 3 Julia Bogany 5 Native American Cultural Youth Center By Lisa Gilliland and Nina Paus-Weiler Arturo Romo and Roberto Flores 15 Teachers and Muralists By Arlin Alger and Stephanie Gann Ted Garcia 26 Spiritual Advisor, Storyteller and Stone Carver By Oliver Field and August Fischer William McCawley 33 Historian and Author By Jessie Hernandez and Daniel Martinez Michael McLaughlin 39 American Indian Resource Center By Brian Kim and Matthew Nostro Rudy Ortega, Jr. 64 Fernandeno/Tataviam Band of Mission Indians By Sarah Alvarado and Kathleen Preston Brighid Pulskamp 73 United American Indian Involvement By Isaac Tovares and Abby Chin-Martin David Rambeau 82 United American Indian Involvement By Taryn Predki and Binh Vuong Anthony Ruiz 93 Tarzana Treatment Center By Sean Curran and Elliot Kass Alan Salazar 101 Spiritual Advisor and Storyteller By William Stanton and Jonathan Lopez 2 Abe Sanchez 110 Basketweaver and Native Foods Educator By Chris Caldwell and Michael Fujita Ian Skorodin 116 Filmmaker and Philanthropist Interviewed by Eden Radovich and Arthur Modell Transcribed by Daniel Harrison and Jonas Wiertz Appendices 121 Questionnaire 122 Commentary on The Exiles 123 By Michael McLaughlin Franklin High School Tongva/Gabrielino murals 133 3 Preface and Acknowledgements These oral histories were done by students of Occidental College working under the direction of Professor Jan Lin of the Sociology Department in two sections of a freshman Cultural Studies Seminar (CSP23: Los Angeles From Pueblo to World City) offered in the fall 2010 semester. The project was conceived by Professor Lin, who was previously involved in oral history projects in the Chinatowns of New York and Los Angeles. He did outreach to Native Americans at two powwows in the summer of 2010, including on July 17 at the Redbirds Children of Many Colors Powwow held at Moorpark College and on July 30 at the Southern California Indian Center’s 42 nd Annual Pow Wow held in Garden Grove. Further outreach was done by students on September 16 at the Moompetam Festival - “Gathering of the Salt Water People” held at Long Beach Aquarium. An initial questionnaire was drafted by Jan Lin and students added additional questions. The questionnaire, project methodology and participant consent forms were reviewed and approved by the Occidental College Human Subjects Research Review Committee. Spiritual advisor and storyteller Alan Salazar gave a cultural orientation talk, storytelling and spiritual blessing to the class on a campus visit. Michael McLaughlin of the American Indian Resource Center offered additional historical orientation through a written commentary about The Exiles , a film the class watched about the Native American community in Bunker Hill before its removal for redevelopment in the 1950s. Chrissie Castro of the American Indian Children’s Council gave a cultural orientation lecture and sensitivity training to the class. The students also read the historical material and oral histories in the book, O, My Ancestor: Recognition and Renewal for the Gabrielino–Tongva People of the Los Angeles Area , by Claudia Jurmain and William McCawley (Heyday Books 2009). Celestina Castillo of the Occidental College Center for Community-Based Learning gave guidance and support to the project. Education in Action (EIA) student Samantha Sencer-Mura did outreach to the participants and supported the Moompetam Festival field trip and other events. EIA student Margeau Valteau helped with editing of the oral history transcripts in the spring 2011 semester. These transcripts (along with Michael McLaughlin’s commentary on The Exiles , Native American relocation, and the Bureau of Indian Affairs boarding school program) are self- published by Jan Lin in June 2011. Several copies are distributed to project partners such as Occidental College Library, the Center for Community-Based Learning, the American Indian Resource Center, United American Indian Involvement, and Chrissie Castro. Electronic copies are available from Jan Lin with the Department of Sociology at Occidental College, email: [email protected] , phone: 323-259-2994. Oral history participants signed consent forms permitting 4 open copyright in the public domain. We welcome people to use the transcripts for any educational, journalistic or otherwise non-commercial purpose. Jan Lin will write a paper including oral history excerpts to be delivered to the University of Illinois – Chicago, “Great Cities/Ordinary Lives” conference in September 2011. It may be published in a future book along with other proceedings from the conference. We completed interviews with eleven men and two women during the course of the project. We would have liked to reach more women, but our interview efforts were complicated by a range of factors including timing and scheduling issues, transportation problems, and illness. The participants had regional tribal affiliations as well as tribal affiliations from other states and Mexico, representing Native American heritage in the Los Angeles region as an amalgamation of local tribes pre-existing Spanish conquest, tribes relocated by the U.S. government in the postwar era, and Indians who immigrated to the U.S. There are three oral histories with non-Native Americans. One is a joint oral history with two Latino teachers and muralists, Robert Flores and Arturo Romo who designed and led students in the painting of a mural depicting Tongva/Gabrielino at Franklin High School in Highland Park. They were selected because student Arlin Alger attended Franklin High School. Both of these Latinos describe their interest in pursuing their Native American heritage. Another oral history was conducted with William McCawley, a Euro-American scholar of Native American history in the Los Angeles region. Bill McCawley was also a co-author of our textbook, O, My Ancestor and a participant at the Moompetam Festival in Long Beach. We hope that readers will appreciate that our oral histories represent a broader spectrum of people affiliated with Native American causes and heritage work in Los Angeles. A copy of our questionnaire is presented in the Appendix. Students were told to use the questionnaire as a basic guide, but were permitted to ask additional questions pertaining to the special characteristics of the oral history participant, or the special interests of the student interviewers. Many of the questions relate to themes that were brought up in the oral histories contained in our textbook, O, My Ancestor , including questions regarding: a) Native American identity, or “Indianness,” b) cultural renewal issues related to powwows, festivals, storytelling and other Native arts, and c) federal recognition issues related to the fact that the U.S. government still does not officially recognize Los Angeles area tribes that were historically consolidated by the Spanish missions. A time-consuming process of editorial work extended for several months after the initial completion of the transcripts. Some subjects participated in the editorial work. Students were given considerable historical and cultural sensitivity training during the whole process. Please understand if there are still any errors and we hope the contents are as accurate as possible. For further inquiries or copies of this report, please contact: Jan Lin, Sociology Department, Occidental College, 1600 Campus Road, Los Angeles, CA 90041-3314. Email: [email protected] . Phone: 323-259-2994. Electronic copies of the report are also available. 5 Julia Bogany Native American Cultural Youth Center Tongva/Gabrielino By Lisa Gilliland and Nina Paus-Weiler Julia Bogany is a member of the Tongva/Gabrielino Band of Mission Indians and is their cultural affairs consultant. She has been a teacher, director, and activist for over thirty years fighting for equal rights for all Native Americans. Julia also consults with and trains school boards on how to revise their curricula to reflect the correct history of California tribes. She has served on several committees and organizations including: the American Indian Children’s Council; the Chaffey College President’s Equity Council; the Pomona Board of Education and the Riverside Municipal Museum Multicultural Board. Julia is the Vice-President of the Keepers of Indigenous Ways, a non-profit group with the mission of bringing people together to develop and implement programs and activities relating to indigenous ancestral lands and maritime cultures. One notable program includes the building, repairing and maintenance of traditional Tongva plank canoes. Julia is the proud mother of four, grandmother of fourteen, and great-grandmother of six. LIFE STORY Where are you from? I’m from Santa Monica. I’ve been in cultural affairs for 13 years with the tribe, here at San Gabriel. This is the youth center at El Monte. We’ve had the youth center I think five years. What is your tribal affiliation? I’m cultural affairs chair of the Gabrielino/Tongva tribal council in San Gabriel. I’m also an elder in the tribe. What does being an elder mean? Being an elder doesn’t mean age as much as it means wisdom but, I’m 62. So people come to you for knowledge? Right yes, for information, I also keep a lot of our books. So when you were growing up did you know all along that you were Native American? I knew I was Native American but I really didn’t find the tribe itself until about twenty years ago. 6 How did that happen? I went to a conference and I heard a woman say: you owe it to your grandmother to find your people, language, and learn your culture. So I’ve been in a language class for three years. I’ve been working with the tribe for twenty years, but before I started working with the tribe I was already in cultural affairs for a Native American/Indian Center where I worked.
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