DOCSLIB.ORG

A Critical Dialogue on Environmental Policy and Indigenous Principles

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Critical Dialogue on Environmental Policy and Indigenous Principles REGENERATING KIN: A CRITICAL DIALOGUE ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND INDIGENOUS PRINCIPLES A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science In Regenerative Studies By Anna Cook 2020 SIGNATURE PAGE THESIS: REGENERATING KIN: A CRITICAL DIALOGUE ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND INDIGENOUS PRINCIPLES AUTHOR: Anna Cook DATE SUBMITTED: Summer 2020 John T. Lyle Center for Regenerative Studies/College of Environmental Design Dr. James Blair _______________________________________ Thesis Committee Chair Geography and Anthropology/Regenerative Studies Dr. Sandy Kewanhaptewa-Dixon _______________________________________ Ethnic and Women’s Studies Professor Claudia Serrato _______________________________________ Ethnic and Women’s Studies/Regenerative Studies ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research takes place from within the structure of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, on the land of the Gabrielino-Tongva, but also extending into Cahuilla, Luiseo, Serrano, and Acjachemen lands. In fact, this research includes both space, and people, in tribal lands across this continent and this earth. I would like to acknowledge and pay my respects to the Gabrielino-Tongva people and all Indigenous inhabitants of this land, who have been stewards of this area throughout generations. In unratified treaties, this land was ceded to the United States under the violence of settler colonialism. Thank you to this land who has sustained my family, though we are not Indigenous to this area. Generations before me, and those after me, are guests on this land which has taken care of us, despite our own participation in settler colonial structures. I’m so grateful to everyone on my thesis committee for their support, guidance, and mentorship. Thank you to Dr. James Blair for thorough feedback and thought- provoking questions and suggestions. Thank you to Professor Claudia Serrato, always decolonial, my fellow plant advocate, for encouraging a thesis that takes steps towards deconstructing the status quo. Thank you to Dr. Sandy Kewanhaptewa-Dixon for centering Indigenous voices and sovereignty issues, and connecting me with Barbara Drake. Each committee member challenged me to be realistic, to maintain integrity, for both plants and people, and question my own boundaries. And thank you to Dr. José Aguilar-Hernández for being a mentor, even when I am not his current student. Thank you to the Lyle Center for Regenerative Studies for allowing a topic which challenges the structures in place, and pursues more interconnected relationships between humans and nature than are typically found in Western academia. Thank you to Dr. Pablo iii LaRoche, Debbie Scheider, Karen Mitchell, and Jillian Gomez for keeping the Lyle Center going amidst challenges and frustrations, excitement and successes. Thank you to Tongva Elder Barbara Drake for her support, her generosity, and kindness. Thank you for welcoming me to the Tongva Living History Garden and Native village, as a guest and steward. Caring for, and talking to, the plants there began the journey from my undergraduate thesis to this master’s thesis. Thank you to my family: my parents, Michael and Alicia, and my children, Amelie and Sophia, and my aunt Rosemary. You have all listened to my complaints and also shared in my excitement. Thank you for research advice, feedback, moral support, and guidance particularly in the grueling final stretches of this process. Thank you to Felicia Reinert for accountability, you know what it took to finish this in a pandemic, and you helped make it happen. Thank you to all the participants, who shared with me their time, voices, thoughts, knowledge, and space. Thank you for being open to creating relationship with me, and furthering a conversation for the land, the plants, and the people. Your contributions are valuable beyond measure in this research, and I’m glad to have met each of you. iv ABSTRACT Most Indigenous cultures historically employed regenerative methods in their human-environment relationships, interactions, and resource use. Many of these methods stemmed from the Indigenous concept of kincentric ecology, an approach which guides human relationship with ecosystems from a perspective of family connections. Hardly a new scientific concept, kincentric ecology puts a name to a foundational element of Indigenous cultures and Indigenous knowledge: kinship with the environment. This research centers Indigenous land rights in an examination of relevant environmental policy related to foraging. Additionally, interviews with community members, Indigenous and non-Indigenous, about foraging, as an expression of intimate interaction with plants and landscape, illuminates the development of relationship with land. This research highlights Indigenous scholars and Indigenous voices in the next phase of environmentalism, as humans face ever-increasing degradation to the planet, and highlights the importance of a multispecies emotional connection to landscape as inclusive of more-than-human elements of nature. Incorporating concepts of aliveness, relationality, landscape stewardship, and a dialogue between traditional ecological knowledge and Western science illustrates some of the dynamics at play in kincentric ecology. v TABLE OF CONTENTS SIGNATURE PAGE .......................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ v LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. ix LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 Research Questions ......................................................................................................... 3 Plant profiles ................................................................................................................... 5 Note on language and terms ............................................................................................ 5 CHAPTER 2: METHODS .................................................................................................. 9 Data collection .............................................................................................................. 11 Data analysis ................................................................................................................. 14 Limitations .................................................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER 3: LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................... 20 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 20 Indigenous Studies ........................................................................................................ 21 Feminist Anthropology of Kinship ............................................................................... 25 Regenerative Studies ..................................................................................................... 32 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 37 vi CHAPTER 4: SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS - ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND LANDSCAPE STEWARDSHIP ............................................................. 38 Plant profile: Oak (Wet) ................................................................................................ 38 Environmental policy .................................................................................................... 44 Expression of relationship to landscape ........................................................................ 50 Caretaking and connection ........................................................................................ 50 Human involvement .................................................................................................. 55 The power of place .................................................................................................... 60 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 67 CHAPTER 5: ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIP IN ACTION - PEOPLE ON THE LANDSCAPE ................................................................................................................... 68 Plant profile: Mustard (Tongva name unknown) .......................................................... 68 Foraging ........................................................................................................................ 70 What is foraging? ...................................................................................................... 72 Populations ................................................................................................................ 77 Ethics and protocols .................................................................................................. 83 Access ..........................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Queer-Feminist Science & Technology Studies Forum
    Queer-Feminist Science & Technology Studies Forum – Volume 1 May 2016 Queer-Feminist Science & Technology Studies Forum – Volume 2 May 2017 V o l u m e 2 M a y 2 0 1 7 Editorial 4-7 Anita Thaler & Birgit Hofstätter Making kin, or: The art of kindness and why there is nothing romantic about it 8-14 Birgit Hofstätter Non-monogamies and queer kinship: personal-political reflections 15-27 Boka En, Michael En, David Griffiths & Mercedes Pölland Thirteen Grandmothers, Queering Kinship and a "Compromised" Source 28-38 Daniela Jauk The Queer Custom of Non-Human Personhood Kirk J Fiereck 39-43 Connecting different life-worlds: Transformation through kinship (Our experience with poverty alleviation ) 44-58 Zoltán Bajmócy in conversation with Boglárka Méreiné Berki, Judit Gébert, György Málovics & Barbara Mihók Queer STS – What we tweeted about … 59-64 2 Queer-Feminist Science & Technology Studies Forum – Volume 2 May 2017 Queer-Feminist Science & Technology Studies Forum A Journal of the Working Group Queer STS Editors Queer STS Anita Thaler Anita Thaler Birgit Hofstätter Birgit Hofstätter Daniela Zanini-Freitag Reviewer Jenny Schlager Anita Thaler Julian Anslinger Birgit Hofstätter Lisa Scheer Julian Anslinger Magdalena Wicher Magdalena Wicher Susanne Kink Thomas Berger Layout & Design [email protected] Julian Anslinger www.QueerSTS.com ISSN 2517-9225 3 Queer-Feminist Science & Technology Studies Forum – Volume 1 May 2016 Anita Thaler & Birgit Hofstätter Editorial This second Queer-Feminist Science and Technology Studies Forum is based on inputs, thoughts and discussions rooted in a workshop about "Make Kin Not Babies": Discuss- ing queer-feminist, non-natalist perspectives and pro-kin utopias, and their STS implica- tions” during the STS Conference 2016 in Graz.
    [Show full text]
  • Uto-Aztecan Maize Agriculture: a Linguistic Puzzle from Southern California
    Uto-Aztecan Maize Agriculture: A Linguistic Puzzle from Southern California Jane H. Hill, William L. Merrill Anthropological Linguistics, Volume 59, Number 1, Spring 2017, pp. 1-23 (Article) Published by University of Nebraska Press DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2017.0000 For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/683122 Access provided by Smithsonian Institution (9 Nov 2018 13:38 GMT) Uto-Aztecan Maize Agriculture: A Linguistic Puzzle from Southern California JANE H. HILL University of Arizona WILLIAM L. MERRILL Smithsonian Institution Abstract. The hypothesis that the members of the Proto—Uto-Aztecan speech community were maize farmers is premised in part on the assumption that a Proto—Uto-Aztecan etymon for ‘maize’ can be reconstructed; this implies that cognates with maize-related meanings should be attested in languages in both the Northern and Southern branches of the language family. A Proto—Southern Uto-Aztecan etymon for ‘maize’ is reconstructible, but the only potential cog- nate for these terms documented in a Northern Uto-Aztecan language is a single Gabrielino word. However, this word cannot be identified definitively as cognate with the Southern Uto-Aztecan terms for ‘maize’; consequently, the existence of a Proto—Uto-Aztecan word for ‘maize’ cannot be postulated. 1. Introduction. Speakers of Uto-Aztecan languages lived across much of western North America at the time of their earliest encounters with Europeans or Euro-Americans. Their communities were distributed from the Columbia River drainage in the north through the Great Basin, southern California, the American Southwest, and most of Mexico, with outliers as far south as Panama (Miller 1983; Campbell 1997:133—38; Caballero 2011; Shaul 2014).
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix E: Cultural Resources Technical Report
    SAN BERNARDINO COUNTYWIDE PLAN DRAFT PEIR COUNTY OF SAN BERNARDINO Appendices Appendix E: Cultural Resources Technical Report June 2019 SAN BERNARDINO COUNTYWIDE PLAN DRAFT PEIR COUNTY OF SAN BERNARDINO Appendices This page intentionally left blank. PlaceWorks CULTURAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT FOR THE SAN BERNARDINO COUNTYWIDE PLAN, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA FEBRUARY 2019 PREPARED FOR PlaceWorks PREPARED BY SWCA Environmental Consultants E-1 E-2 CULTURAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT FOR THE SAN BERNARDINO COUNTYWIDE PLAN, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Prepared for PlaceWorks 3 MacArthur Place, Suite 1100 Santa Ana, California 92707 Attn: Colin Drukker Prepared by Alex Wesson, B.A., Chris Millington, M.A., RPA and Nicole Kromarek, B.A. SWCA Environmental Consultants 51 W. Dayton Street Pasadena, California 91105 (626) 240-0587 www.swca.com Contact: Chris Millington, Project Manager SWCA Project No. 31474 SWCA Cultural Resources Report No. 18-270 February 2019 E-3 This page intentionally left blank. E-4 Cultural Resource Technical Report for the San Bernardino Countywide Plan, San Bernardino County, California EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Purpose and Scope: In support of the forthcoming San Bernardino Countywide Plan, PlaceWorks retained SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) to summarize the existing conditions of cultural resources within the study area, evaluate potential impacts that could occur to these resources because of the Countywide Plan, and to provide mitigation measures for potential impacts. The study area is composed of all unincorporated lands that are subject to the County of San Bernardino’s land use jurisdiction; also referred to as the “County Control Area,” the study area is approximately 1,623,988 acres (2,537 square miles) in area, or 12.627 percent of the approximately 12,861,026-acre (20,105- square mile) county.
    [Show full text]
  • Place Me in Gettysburg: Relating Sexuality to Environment
    Student Publications Student Scholarship Spring 2021 Place Me in Gettysburg: Relating Sexuality to Environment Kylie R. Mandeville Gettysburg College Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/student_scholarship Part of the Environmental Studies Commons, and the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Recommended Citation Mandeville, Kylie R., "Place Me in Gettysburg: Relating Sexuality to Environment" (2021). Student Publications. 937. https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/student_scholarship/937 This open access digital project is brought to you by The Cupola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The Cupola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Place Me in Gettysburg: Relating Sexuality to Environment Abstract This project links sexuality and environmental issues in the context of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. It considers how I, a queer student at Gettysburg College, can be in “right relations” with this environment. While queer ecological scholarship defines “right elations”r as relationships where all beings—people of all identities, as well as animals, plants, and the land—can flourish through their interactions, I inquire whether such flourishing is possible for me, and others like me, here in this place. To answer this question, the project links queer ecological scholarship with environmental history scholarship specific ot the Gettysburg battlefield and civil war. It also involves research into archival and contemporary articles about the battlefield and the college. I created a website using Scalar to present this research interwoven with my personal experiences as prose essays, accompanied by artwork. I found that queer students at Gettysburg don’t fit into the heteronormative fraternity-based social environment and can feel “unnatural” and alienated from the campus community.
    [Show full text]
  • Queer, Indigenous, and Multispecies Belonging Beyond Settler Sex & Nature July 25, 2019
    IMAGINATIONS: JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL IMAGE STUDIES | REVUE D’ÉTUDES INTERCULTURELLES DE L’IMAGE Publication details, including open access policy and instructions for contributors: http://imaginations.glendon.yorku.ca Critical Relationality: Queer, Indigenous, and Multispecies Belonging Beyond Settler Sex & Nature July 25, 2019 To cite this article: TallBear, Kim, and Angela Willey. “Introduction: Critical Relationality: Queer, Indigenous, and Multispecies Belonging Beyond Settler Sex & Nature.” Imaginations, vol. 10, no. 1, 2019, pp. 5–15. DOI dx.doi.org/10.17742/ IMAGE.CR.10.1.1 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.17742/IMAGE.CR.10.1.1 The copyright for each article belongs to the author and has been published in this journal under a Creative Commons 4.0 International Attribution NonCommercial NoDerivatives license that allows others to share for non-commercial purposes the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal. The content of this article represents the author’s original work and any third-party content, either image or text, has been included under the Fair Dealing exception in the Canadian Copyright Act, or the author has provided the required publication permissions. Certain works referenced herein may be separately licensed, or the author has exercised their right to fair dealing under the Canadian Copyright Act. CRITICAL RELATIONALITY: QUEER, INDIGENOUS, AND MULTISPECIES BELONGING BEYOND SETTLER SEX & NATURE KIM TALLBEAR AND ANGELA WILLEY his special issue of
    [Show full text]
  • APPENDIX B Cultural Resources Assessment
    APPENDIX B Cultural Resources Assessment 3700 Riverside Drive Mixed-Use Project Cultural Resources Assessment prepared for City of Burbank 150 North Third Street Burbank, California 91502 Contact: Daniel Villa, Senior Planner prepared by Rincon Consultants, Inc. 250 East 1st Street, Suite 301 Los Angeles, California 90012 August 2020 Please cite this report as follows: Madsen, A., M. Strother, B. Campbell-King, S. Treffers, and S. Carmack 2020 Cultural Resources Assessment for the 3700 Riverside Drive Mixed Use Project, City of Burbank, Los Angeles County, California. Rincon Consultants Project No. 19-08998. Report on file at the South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton. Table of Contents Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ 1 Unanticipated Discovery of Cultural Resources ............................................................................. 1 Unanticipated Discovery of Human Remains ................................................................................ 2 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 3 Project Location and Description ........................................................................................ 3 Personnel ...........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Saying Miyiiha (Hello) to the Lone Woman
    Island of the Blue Dolphins, Chapter 22 Saying Miyiiha (Hello) to the Lone Woman Grade Level Upper Elementary: Third Grade through Fifth Grade Subject Literacy and Language Arts, Social Studies Common Core Standards 4.SL.1, 5.SL.1, 4.RL.1, 5.RL.1 Background Information The story of the Lone Woman of San Nicolas Island inspired author Scott O’Dell to create the character of Karana. Anthropologists describe the historical Lone Woman as an “Island Gabrielino” because her people, the Nicoleños, shared cultural practices and belief systems with the Gabrielino people who lived on the mainland, both during the nineteenth century and today. Linguists believe that the Nicoleños spoke a language that is part of the Uto-Aztecan family. The mainland Gabrielino also spoke a language from this linguistic family. Island and mainland Gabrielino did not speak the same language in the early nineteenth century, but they would likely have been able to understand each other at least in part. That is definitely the case for the Gabrielino living on Santa Catalina Island—they could understand Gabrielino speakers on the mainland—and it may have been the case for Gabrielinos living on nearby San Nicolas Island. The term “Gabrielino” comes from the name of the Spanish Mission San Gabriel, where many Gabrielino people lived during the period when California was part of the Spanish Empire. Today, some Gabrielino people prefer to call themselves, and their language, Tongva. This is a native name. The Lone Woman is most accurately described as a Nicoleño, rather than an Island Gabrielino, because that term is more specific—it ties her to the place where she lived.
    [Show full text]
  • The Indigenous Sovereign Body: Gender, Sexuality and Performance
    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Art & Art History ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fall 12-15-2017 The ndiI genous Sovereign Body: Gender, Sexuality and Performance. Michelle S. McGeough University of New Mexico Michelle Susan McGeough University of New Mexico Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/arth_etds Part of the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Recommended Citation McGeough, Michelle S. and Michelle Susan McGeough. "The ndI igenous Sovereign Body: Gender, Sexuality and Performance.." (2017). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/arth_etds/67 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Art & Art History ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Michelle S. A. McGeough Candidate Art Department This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: Dr. Joyce Szabo, Chairperson Dr. Kency Cornejo Dr. Carla Taunton Aaron Fry, ABD THE INDIGENOUS SOVEREIGN BODY: GENDER, SEXUALITY AND PERFORMANCE By Michelle S.A. McGeough B.Ed., University of Alberta, 1982 A.A., Institute of American Indian Art, 1996 B.F.A., Emily Carr Institute of Art and Design University, 1998 M.A., Carleton University, 2006 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Art History The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico December, 2017 Dedication I wish to dedicate these thoughts and words to the two women whose names I carry, my Grandmothers− Susanne Nugent McGeough and Mary Alice Berard Latham.
    [Show full text]
  • Remapping the World: Vine Deloria, Jr. and the Ends of Settler Sovereignty
    Remapping the World: Vine Deloria, Jr. and the Ends of Settler Sovereignty A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY David Myer Temin IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Joan Tronto October 2016 © David Temin 2016 i Acknowledgements Perhaps the strangest part of acknowledging others for their part in your dissertation is the knowledge that no thanks could possibly be enough. At Minnesota, I count myself lucky to have worked with professors and fellow graduate students alike who encouraged me to explore ideas, take intellectual risks, and keep an eye on the political stakes of any project I might pursue. That is why I could do a project like this one and still feel emboldened that I had something important and worthwhile to say. To begin, my advisor, Joan Tronto, deserves special thanks. Joan was supportive and generous at every turn, always assuring me that the project was coming together even when I barely could see ahead through the thicket to a clearing. Joan went above and beyond in reading countless drafts, always cheerfully commenting or commiserating and getting me to focus on power and responsibility in whatever debate I had found myself wading into. Joan is a model of intellectual charity and rigor, and I will be attempting to emulate her uncanny ability to cut through the morass of complicated debates for the rest of my academic life. Other committee members also provided crucial support: Nancy Luxon, too, read an endless supply of drafts and memos. She has taught me more about writing and crafting arguments than anyone in my academic career, which has benefited the shape of the dissertation in so many ways.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Voices: Oral Histories of Native Americans in the Los Angeles Region
    Native Voices: Oral Histories of Native Americans in the Los Angeles Region Conducted and Transcribed by Students of Occidental College for Professor Jan Lin June 2011 1 Table of Contents Page Preface and Acknowledgements 3 Julia Bogany 5 Native American Cultural Youth Center By Lisa Gilliland and Nina Paus-Weiler Arturo Romo and Roberto Flores 15 Teachers and Muralists By Arlin Alger and Stephanie Gann Ted Garcia 26 Spiritual Advisor, Storyteller and Stone Carver By Oliver Field and August Fischer William McCawley 33 Historian and Author By Jessie Hernandez and Daniel Martinez Michael McLaughlin 39 American Indian Resource Center By Brian Kim and Matthew Nostro Rudy Ortega, Jr. 64 Fernandeno/Tataviam Band of Mission Indians By Sarah Alvarado and Kathleen Preston Brighid Pulskamp 73 United American Indian Involvement By Isaac Tovares and Abby Chin-Martin David Rambeau 82 United American Indian Involvement By Taryn Predki and Binh Vuong Anthony Ruiz 93 Tarzana Treatment Center By Sean Curran and Elliot Kass Alan Salazar 101 Spiritual Advisor and Storyteller By William Stanton and Jonathan Lopez 2 Abe Sanchez 110 Basketweaver and Native Foods Educator By Chris Caldwell and Michael Fujita Ian Skorodin 116 Filmmaker and Philanthropist Interviewed by Eden Radovich and Arthur Modell Transcribed by Daniel Harrison and Jonas Wiertz Appendices 121 Questionnaire 122 Commentary on The Exiles 123 By Michael McLaughlin Franklin High School Tongva/Gabrielino murals 133 3 Preface and Acknowledgements These oral histories were done by students of Occidental College working under the direction of Professor Jan Lin of the Sociology Department in two sections of a freshman Cultural Studies Seminar (CSP23: Los Angeles From Pueblo to World City) offered in the fall 2010 semester.
    [Show full text]
  • Representations of Texas Indians in Texas Myth and Memory: 1869-1936
    REPRESENTATIONS OF TEXAS INDIANS IN TEXAS MYTH AND MEMORY: 1869-1936 A Dissertation by TYLER L. THOMPSON Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Chair of Committee, Angela Hudson Committee Members, Walter Buenger Carlos Blanton Cynthia Bouton Joseph Jewell Head of Department, David Vaught August 2019 Major Subject: History Copyright 2019 Tyler Leroy Thompson ABSTRACT My dissertation illuminates three important issues central to the field of Texas Indian history. First, it examines how Anglo Texans used the memories of a Texas frontier with “savage” Indians to reinforce a collective identity. Second, it highlights several instances that reflected attempts by Anglo Texans to solidify their place as rightful owners of the physical land as well as the history of the region. Third, this dissertation traces the change over time regarding these myths and memories in Texas. This is an important area of research for several reasons. Texas Indian historiography often ends in the 1870s, neglecting how Texas Indians abounded in popular literature, memorials, and historical representations in the years after their physical removal. I explain how Anglo Texans used the rhetoric of race and gender to “other” indigenous people, while also claiming them as central to Texas history and memory. Throughout this dissertation, I utilize primary sources such as state almanacs, monument dedication speeches, newspaper accounts, performative acts, interviews, and congressional hearings. By investigating these primary sources, my goal is to examine how Anglo Texans used these representations in the process of dispossession, collective remembrance, and justification of conquest, 1869-1936.
    [Show full text]
  • About the Tongva People
    Attachment E About the Tongva People Excerpt from Wikipedia Tongva People Tongva people, also referred to as the Gabrieleño (also Gabrielino, or San Gabriel Band) or the Fernandeño (also Fernardino), are a historic Native American people who have inhabited an area in present-day Los Angeles in Southern California, centered on the San Gabriel Mountains area. Their Tongva language was a member of the Takic group within the Uto-Aztecan linguistic phylum. It was extinct during the early 20th century. The name Gabrieleño is in reference to the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel set up by the Spanish colonists in 1771. Similarly, the Spanish referred to both the Tongva in the San Fernando Valley and the nearby Tataviam people, who spoke a different language, as Fernandeño, after the Mission San Fernando Rey de España. The name Tongva was first recorded as a self-designation of the inhabitants of the vicinity of Mission San Gabriel at the beginning of the 20th century. There is no known self-designation from times predating the 20th century. While Gabrieleño (also Gabrielino) remains in use, the name Tongva has become increasingly preferred as a self-designation since the 1990s. Since 2006, there have been three organizations claiming to represent the Tongva: The Gabrielino-Tongva Tribe (gabrielinotribe.org), also known as the "hyphen" group, the Gabrieliño/Tongva Nation Tribal Council (tongvatribe.net), also known as the "slash" group, and the Gabrieleño/Tongva Tribal Council of San Gabriel (tongva.com). The three groups are the result of a hostile split over the question of building a casino. The Gabrieleno/Tongva Tribal Council of San Gabriel on their website give a translation of Tongva as "people of the earth".
    [Show full text]