DOCSLIB.ORG

Archaeology, Cultural Heritage Protection and Community

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Archaeology, Cultural Heritage Protection and Community Archaeology, Cultural Heritage Protection and Community Engagement in South Asia Robin Coningham · Nick Lewer Editors Archaeology, Cultural Heritage Protection and Community Engagement in South Asia Editors Robin Coningham Nick Lewer Durham University Coral Associates Ltd Durham, UK Skipton, UK ISBN 978-981-13-6236-1 ISBN 978-981-13-6237-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6237-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2019933316 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2019 Chapters 1, 5 and 12 are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). For further details see license information in the chapters. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifcally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microflms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifc statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affliations. Cover illustration: © Melisa Hasan This Palgrave Pivot imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore PREFACE UNESCO and Durham University jointly established the UNESCO Chair on Archaeological Ethics and Practice in Cultural Heritage in 2014. The Chair team recognizes that cultural heritage and archaeol- ogy are drivers for creative economies and that their protection contrib- utes to sustainable development. It recognizes that heritage can play a unifying role in post-confict and post-disaster responses but also that unethical or unbalanced promotion may alienate communities, gener- ate confict and the destruction of heritage. Durham’s UNESCO Chair addresses this challenge by shaping and contributing to debates on pro- fessional standards and responsibilities; legal and ethical codes and val- ues; concepts of stewardship and custodianship; research ethics and illicit antiquities; and the social, ethical and economic impacts of the promo- tion of heritage, particularly at religious and pilgrimage sites. To enhance this programme, Durham’s UNESCO Chair has worked with new part- ners and sponsors, to meet its mission to: • develop new guidelines and exemplar material for postgraduate education; • devise benchmarks for the measuring social, ethical and economic impacts of Cultural Heritage; • provide capacity building to heritage professionals and managers in South Asia and the UK through workshops and on-site training; v vi PREFACE • create opportunities for postgraduate research and education in the UK; • and generate networks of heritage professionals, academics and stakeholders. Community consultations offer the opportunity of exploring ways in which individuals and groups can be involved in the long-term sustaina- ble protection of sites of archaeological and historical importance, to dis- cuss the future sustainable development of tourism and pilgrimage to the site that benefts the local community, and to establish mechanisms for continuing community engagement in archaeological excavations, pres- ervation and protection. This volume of case studies from across South Asia represents the UNESCO Chair’s frst collective steps towards these collective goals. Durham, UK Robin Coningham Skipton, UK Nick Lewer CONTENTS 1 Introduction 1 Robin Coningham and Nick Lewer 2 Communities and Micro-Heritage in Bhitargarh, Bangladesh: A Case Study 17 Shahnaj Husne Jahan 3 Awakening Myths, Legends and Heritage 31 K. Krishnan and Vrushab Mahesh 4 Kuragala: Religious and Ethnic Communities in a Contested Sacred Heritage Site in Sri Lanka 45 Venerable Mahinda Deegalle 5 Community Engagement in the Greater Lumbini Area of Nepal: The Micro-Heritage Case Study of Dohani 59 Nick Lewer, Anouk Lafortune-Bernard, Robin Coningham, Kosh Prasad Acharya and Ram Bahadur Kunwar 6 Protecting Heritage and Strengthening Community Engagement in Nepal 75 Marielle Richon vii viii CONTENTS 7 Tourism and Community Engagement in World Heritage Sites, Nepal 89 Lisa Choegyal 8 Mapping the Intangible: ‘At Risk’ Heritage Landscapes in Northern Pakistan 105 Zahra Hussain 9 Community Engagement in Natural Heritage Conservation Stewardship, Nepal 121 Rajendra Narsingh Suwal 10 Reclaiming the Heritage of Bagan: Communities in Myanmar Learn to Raise Their Voice 137 Kai Weise 11 Communities, Identities, Confict and Appropriation in South Asia 151 Robin Coningham and Nick Lewer 12 Conclusion 165 Robin Coningham and Nick Lewer Index 187 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS Kosh Prasad Acharya joined the Government of Nepal’s Department of Archaeology in 1978, serving as Head of Excavations Branch before holding the offce of Director-General of Archaeology until 2009. Following retirement, he joined UNESCO as a Consultant and was appointed Executive Director of the Pashupati Area Development Trust until 2016, and is an Honorary Research Fellow attached to Durham’s UNESCO Chair. Lisa Choegyal is British-Born and has made Kathmandu her home since the mid-1970s. With a background in the private sector as a Director of Tiger Mountain, one of Asia’s foremost adventure tourism pioneers, for the past 25 years, Choegyal has worked as a consultant in pro-poor sus- tainable tourism throughout the Asia-Pacifc region. Robin Coningham holds UNESCO’s Chair in Archaeological Ethics and Practice in Cultural Heritage at Durham University and has exten- sive experience of archaeology and post-disaster heritage interventions across South Asia. He is interested in sustainable community engage- ment with archaeological excavations and site preservation, and the bal- ance between heritage protection, pilgrimage and development. Venerable Mahinda Deegalle is Professor of Religions, Philosophies and Ethics at Bath Spa University. He is the author of Popularizing Buddhism (2006) and editor of Buddhism, Confict and Violence in Modern Sri Lanka (2006), Dharma to the UK (2008), Vesak, Peace and ix x NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS Harmony (2015) and Justice and Statecraft (2017). His research inter- ests are Buddhism, Politics, Ethics and Violence. Zahra Hussain is an architect and cultural geographer based in Pakistan. Her research focuses on architecture and sustainable develop- ment particularly in the Mountain Communities of Northern Pakistan. She leads the Laajverd Visiting School Program that is invested in doc- umenting, preserving and incorporating local architectural pattern lan- guage in contemporary mountain architecture. Shahnaj Husne Jahan is Professor of Archaeology and the Director of the Center for Archaeological Studies at the University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh. She has been excavating the archaeological site of Bhitargarh in Bangladesh since 2008 and developed a blend of strategies to stimulate public interest in archaeological heritage preservation and management. K. Krishnan is Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Professor of Archaeology in the Department of Archaeology and Ancient History at the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India. His publi- cations are in the feld of ceramic petrology, archaeometallurgy, ethnoar- chaeological studies, South Asian Prehistory and early historic urbanism. Ram Bahadur Kunwar is Chief Archaeological Offcer in the Government of Nepal’s Department of Archaeology. Head of the Excavation Branch, he has led archaeological projects throughout Nepal, lectures on Nepali history, culture and archaeology and has published widely on these subjects. Mr. Kunwar represents the Government of Nepal in the Japanese-Funds-in-Trust for UNESCO project within the Greater Lumbini Area. Anouk Lafortune-Bernard is a Ph.D. student affliated to Durham University’s UNESCO Chair in Archaeological Ethics and Practice in Cultural Heritage. Her research focuses on the social and economic impact of cultural heritage. She has done most of her research in South Asia, including sites in Nepal, Sri Lanka and India. Nick Lewer was Professor of Peace and Confict Studies at the School of Government and International Affairs, Durham University and is now Director of Coral Associates Ltd. He has worked widely in South Asia focusing on community engagement, dialogue processes, education and project monitoring and evaluation. NOTES ON Contributors xi Vrushab Mahesh is Assistant Professor in the Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda. He was awarded a University Grants Commission Research Fellowship
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rivers of Peace: Restructuring India Bangladesh Relations
    C-306 Montana, Lokhandwala Complex, Andheri West Mumbai 400053, India E-mail: [email protected] Project Leaders: Sundeep Waslekar, Ilmas Futehally Project Coordinator: Anumita Raj Research Team: Sahiba Trivedi, Aneesha Kumar, Diana Philip, Esha Singh Creative Head: Preeti Rathi Motwani All rights are reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without prior permission from the publisher. Copyright © Strategic Foresight Group 2013 ISBN 978-81-88262-19-9 Design and production by MadderRed Printed at Mail Order Solutions India Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India PREFACE At the superficial level, relations between India and Bangladesh seem to be sailing through troubled waters. The failure to sign the Teesta River Agreement is apparently the most visible example of the failure of reason in the relations between the two countries. What is apparent is often not real. Behind the cacophony of critics, the Governments of the two countries have been working diligently to establish sound foundation for constructive relationship between the two countries. There is a positive momentum. There are also difficulties, but they are surmountable. The reason why the Teesta River Agreement has not been signed is that seasonal variations reduce the flow of the river to less than 1 BCM per month during the lean season. This creates difficulties for the mainly agrarian and poor population of the northern districts of West Bengal province in India and the north-western districts of Bangladesh. There is temptation to argue for maximum allocation of the water flow to secure access to water in the lean season.
    [Show full text]
  • This Study Was Held from December'2007 to Septrmber'2008
    Bangladesh Journal of Environmental Research, Vol. 11, 94-110, 2020 ISSN: 1996-8914 Application of Environmental Remote Sensing for Updating Geo- Archaeological Records Mizanur Rahman1*, Md Saifuzzaman2, S. Dara Shamsuddin2 1 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Cox's Bazar-4700, Bangladesh 2 Department of Geography & Environment, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh (Received: 20 March 2020, Revised: 25 June 2020, Accepted: 28 June 2020, Online: 30 June 2020) Abstract Documentation, conservation, and preservation of archaeological sites and artefacts in Bangladesh call for rapid non-invasive methods of scientific investigation in order not to disturb the sites and situation in a densely populated country with considerable fluvio-geomorphological changes. Remote Sensing (RS) and GIS with appropriate use of other supplementary information is an advantageous method of identification and analysis of archaeological features and environmental characteristics of archaeological sites. We had earlier proposed a five-step methodological approach to developing a geospatial database on the physical and cultural aspects of archaeological sites using RS and GIS technologies and tested in six archaeological sites of various sizes, periods, and environmental conditions. The current study is a further exploration of the proposed method in two little known archaeological sites, namely Mainamatir Garh (or Mainamatir Kot) and Dharmapaler Garh, less than 4 km apart in Domar and Jaldhaka Upazilas of Nilphamari District. The local inhabitants have encroached the sites and divided up into plots for their settlements. Consequently, the ramparts of the mud fort are threatened by massive human disturbance. It is also under threat of river erosion flowing along Mainamatir Garh. Freely available multispectral and high-spatial remote sensing data provided additional measurement capabilities of various artefacts in the sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeology and Development / Peter G. Gould
    Theme01: Archaeology and Development / Peter G. Gould Poster T01-91P / Mohammed El Khalili / Managing Change in an ever-Changing Archeological Landscape: Safeguard the Natural and Cultural Landscape of Jarash T01-92P / Wai Man Raymond Lee / Archaeology and Development: a Case Study under the Context of Hong Kong T01A / RY103 / SS5,SS6 T01A01 / Emmanuel Ndiema / Engaging Communities in Cultural Heritage Conservation: Perspectives from Kakapel, Western Kenya T01A02 / Paul Edward Montgomery / Branding Barbarians: The Development of Renewable Archaeotourism Destinations to Re-Present Marginalized Cultures of the Past T01A03 / Selvakumar Veerasamy / Historical Sites and Monuments and Community Development: Practical Issues and ground realities T01A04 / Yoshitaka SASAKI / Sustainable Utilization Approach to Cultural Heritage and the Benefits for Tourists and Local Communities: The Case of Akita Fortification, Akita prefecture, Japan. T01A05 / Angela Kabiru / Sustainable Development and Tourism: Issues and Challenges in Lamu old Town T01A06 / Chulani Rambukwella / ENDANGERED ARCHAEOLOGICAL LANDSCAPE OF THE WORLD HERITAGE CITY OF KANDY AND ITS SUBURBS IN SRI LANKA T01A07 / chandima bogahawatta / Sigiriya: World’s Oldest Living Heritage and Multi Tourist Attraction T01A08 / Shahnaj Husne Jahan Leena / Sustainable Development through Archaeological Heritage Management and Eco-Tourism at Bhitargarh in Bangladesh T01A09 / OLALEKAN AKINADE / IGBO UKWU ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE AS A BOOST TO NIGERIAN CULTURAL HERITAGE OLALEKAN AJAO AKINADE, [email protected]
    [Show full text]
  • Artuklu Human and Social Science Journal
    Artuklu Human and Social Science Journal ARTICLE http://dergipark.gov.tr/itbhssj The Formation of Bengal Civilization: A Glimpse on the Socio-Cultural Assimilations Through Political Progressions Key words: in Bengal Delta 1. Bengal Delta Abu Bakar Siddiq1 and Ahsan Habib2 2. Socio-cultural Abstract assimilation The Bengal Delta is a place of many migrations, cultural transformations, invasions 3. Aryan and religious revolutions since prehistoric time. With the help of archaeological and historical records, this essay present the hypothesis that, albeit there were multiple 4. Mauryan waves of large and small scale socio-cultural assimilations, every socio-political 5. Medieval period change did not brought equal formidable outcome in the Delta. The study further illustrates that, the majority of cultural components were formulated by Indigenous- Aryan-Buddhist assimilations in early phase, whereas the Buddhist-Aryan-Islamic admixtures in relatively forbearing and gracious socio-political background of medieval period contributed the final part in the formation of Bengal Civilization. INTRODUCTION one of the most crowed human populations in the world The Bengal Delta (i.e. present Bangladesh and West with a density of more than 1100 people per square mile. Bengal in India) is the largest delta in the world (Akter The physiological features of Bengal delta is completely et al., 2016). Annual silt of hundreds of rivers together river based. River has tremendous effect on the with a maze of river branches all over this Green Delta formation of landscape, agriculture and other basic made it as one of the most fertile regions in the world. subsistence, trade and transport, as well as cultural Additionally, amazing landscape, profound natural pattern of its inhabitants.
    [Show full text]
  • An Account of the Process of Urbanization and Urban Development in North Bengal Before Independence
    Arvind Basak, IJSRR 2019, 8(2), 1919-1925 Research article Available online www.ijsrr.org ISSN: 2279–0543 International Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews An Account of the Process of Urbanization and Urban Development in North Bengal before Independence Arindam Basak Assistant Professor Department of Geography and Applied Geography University of North Bengal P.O –NBU, Dist – Darjeeling, Pin -734013 Email: [email protected],Ph: 9836549171. ABSTRACT: North Bengal comprise at present the eight districts of West Bengal viz. Darjeeling, Kalimpong, Jalpaiguri, Alipurduar, Koch Bihar, Uttar Dinajpur, Dakshin Dinajpur and Maldah respectively. The urbanization process witnessed in North Bengal has been very scattered and a discontinuous one before independence. This resulted in a very low level of urbanization this region recorded at the time of independence and this legacy continued upto 2011. In this paper an attempt has been made to understand the political ups and downs this region experienced before independence and how this process affected the growth and flourishing of urban centres during those periods. KEY WORDS: North Bengal, History of Urbanization, Growth of Urban Centres. *Corresponding author: Arindam Basak Assistant Professor Department of Geography and Applied Geography University of North Bengal P.O –NBU, Dist – Darjeeling, Pin -734013 Email: [email protected],Ph: 9836549171. IJSRR, 8(2) April. – June., 2019 Page 1919 Arvind Basak, IJSRR 2019, 8(2), 1919-1925 INTRODUCTION With the primacy of Kolkata and other South Bengal cities and towns, urbanization in North Bengal appears lackluster. But a quick look at the history will show that urban centres and that too quite flourishing ones were present in North Bengal.
    [Show full text]
  • Bhitargarh : a Brief Description of the Archaeological Site
    Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (Hum.), Vol. 57(1), 2012, pp. 41-60 BHITARGARH : A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE * Morshed Rayhan Abstract The archaeological site at Bhitargarh is an ancient fort-city having a well-secured fortification in Panchagarh region, Bangladesh. The site can throw ample light on the history of Bangladesh. In the absence of any previous systemic archaeological investigation in the area, the present work should be seen as a preliminary endeavor. The aim of this work is to understand the town planning of the fort-city as well as the nature of urbanization in this region. However, employment of sampling and other intensive survey techniques was beyond the scope of the present researcher in view of time and resource constraints. Therefore, it was decided to survey the area by undertaking intensive walking across the landscape with GPS using judgmental sampling. Surface survey was undertaken for about 400 person-hours spanning 7 seasons during 2003-2009. 1. Introduction The archaeological site 'Bhitargarh' stands by the bank of the river Talma, a tributary of Karatoya. The site is a fortified area and stands about 15 km northeast from the district town at Panchagarh (Map 1). Panchagarh is the northernmost district town of Bangladesh (Map 2). The name 'Panchagarh' is derived from the names of five major places ending with the word 'Garh' viz. 'Bhitargarh', 'Debnagarh', 'Meergarh', 'Rajongarh' and 'Hossen Dighirgarh.' Generally, the word Garh is used to indicate high land. Literarily the word signifies citadel or fortified area. In Panchagarh, there are many places named with Garh as the suffix.
    [Show full text]
  • Rivers of Peace
    C-306 Montana, Lokhandwala Complex, Andheri West Mumbai 400053, India E-mail: [email protected] Project Leaders: Sundeep Waslekar, Ilmas Futehally Project Coordinator: Anumita Raj Research Team: Sahiba Trivedi, Aneesha Kumar, Diana Philip, Esha Singh Creative Head: Preeti Rathi Motwani All rights are reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without prior permission from the publisher. Copyright © Strategic Foresight Group 2013 ISBN 978-81-88262-19-9 Design and production by MadderRed Printed at Mail Order Solutions India Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India PREFACE At the superficial level, relations between India and Bangladesh seem to be sailing through troubled waters. The failure to sign the Teesta River Agreement is apparently the most visible example of the failure of reason in the relations between the two countries. What is apparent is often not real. Behind the cacophony of critics, the Governments of the two countries have been working diligently to establish sound foundation for constructive relationship between the two countries. There is a positive momentum. There are also difficulties, but they are surmountable. The reason why the Teesta River Agreement has not been signed is that seasonal variations reduce the flow of the river to less than 1 BCM per month during the lean season. This creates difficulties for the mainly agrarian and poor population of the northern districts of West Bengal province in India and the north-western districts of Bangladesh. There is temptation to argue for maximum allocation of the water flow to secure access to water in the lean season.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Download
    Culture survival for the indigenous communities with reference to North Bengal, Rajbanshi people and Koch Bihar under the British East India Company rule (1757-1857) Culture survival for the indigenous communities (With Special Reference to the Sub-Himalayan Folk People of North Bengal including the Rajbanshis) Ashok Das Gupta, Anthropology, University of North Bengal, India Short Abstract: This paper will focus on the aspect of culture survival of the local/indigenous/folk/marginalized peoples in this era of global market economy. Long Abstract: Common people are often considered as pre-state primitive groups believing only in self- reliance, autonomy, transnationality, migration and ancient trade routes. They seldom form their ancient urbanism, own civilization and Great Traditions. Or they may remain stable on their simple life with fulfillment of psychobiological needs. They are often considered as serious threat to the state instead and ignored by the mainstream. They also believe on identities, race and ethnicity, aboriginality, city state, nation state, microstate and republican confederacies. They could bear both hidden and open perspectives. They say that they are the aboriginals. States were in compromise with big trade houses to counter these outsiders, isolate them, condemn them, assimilate them and integrate them. Bringing them from pre-state to pro-state is actually a huge task and you have do deal with their production system, social system and mental construct as well. And till then these people love their ethnic identities and are in favour of their cultural survival that provide them a virtual safeguard and never allow them to forget about nature- human-supernature relationship: in one phrase the way of living.
    [Show full text]
  • 'X O * the History of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty
    'X O * THE HISTORY OF THE EASTERN GANGA DYNASTY G3RGA 1038 - 1238 A.D . by Dineshwar Singh Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London 1973 ProQuest Number: 10673246 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10673246 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 9 ix * ABSTRACT In the first chapter the works of modern scholars who have attempted to write the history of the Eastern Ganga dynasty has been discussed. The sources which have been drawn upon to write this thesis have also been dealt with. Additionally the use of anka regnal years in the inscriptions of the Eastern Ganga dynasty have been discussed. The second chapter deals with some basic but controversial problems, such as different theories regarding the origin of the Eastern Ganga dynasty, the beginning * of their authority in Kalinga, the relationship between the early and the later Eastern Gangas as well as their relationship with the Western Gangas of Mysore. In the third chapter some of the epithets of Vajrahasta HI and Rajaraja I as well as their relationship with the Colas are examined.
    [Show full text]
  • Writ Petition No. 5357 of 2011
    IN THE SUPREME COURT OF BANGLADESH HIGH COURT DIVISION SPECIAL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION WRIT PETITION NO. 5357 OF 2011 IN THE MATTER OF: An application under Article 102 of the Constitution of the People‟s Republic of Bangladesh. AND IN THE MATTER OF: Human Rights and Peace for Bangladesh (HRPB) and others ......... Petitioners. -VERSUS- ......... Respondents. Mr. Manzill Murshid, Advocate .............for the petitioners Mr. A.J. Mohammad Ali with Mr. A.H.M. Mushfiqur Rahman, Adovcates .............for the Respondent No. 9 Mr. M. Sayed Ahmed, Adovcate .............for the Respondent No. 8 Mr. Md. Moklesur Rahman, DAG with Ms. Nusrat Jahan and Mr. Md. Bashir Ullah, AAG [ .............for the Respondent Nos. 1 and 4. Heard on: 26.02.2013 Date of Judgment: 25.04.2013 Present: Ms. Justice Naima Haider And Mr. Justice Zafar Ahmed Zafar Ahmed, J. In the instant Writ Petition Rule Nisi was issued on 14.06.2011 calling upon the respondents to show cause as to why a direction should not be given upon the respondents to protect and maintain a historically important place, namely “Bhitargarh Fort”, situated in Bhitargarh Mouja & Sonarban Mouja of Amarkhana Union, Panchagarh Sadar Thana, District-Panchagarh and/ or why such other or further order or orders as to this Court may deem fit and proper, should not be passed. At the time of issuance of Rule this Court passed an interim order upon the respondent nos. 8 and 9 to maintain status quo in respect of implementation of their project for a period of 6 (six) months and upon the respondent nos. 5, 6 and 7 to take necessary steps for continuous monitoring within the Bhitargarh Fort area so that no one can destroy/damage any existing position of the Bhitargarh Fort.
    [Show full text]
  • Let's Support and Build
    Let’s Support and build BANGLADESH The Buddhist Forum A V O I C E O F H A R M O N Y VISION To enhance cultural ties and goodwill of Bangladesh with Asian counties and rest of world. To bring more prosperity in Bangladesh. To develop more peaceful and cultural ties with India. MISSION To promote the ancient Buddhist heritage sites of Bangladesh and generate economy with tourism plans. WORLD TOURSIM RANKING OF BANGLADESH According to World Economic Forum, Geneva has prepared the report on “The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011” Bangladesh is ranked on 129. The TTCI 2011 Ranking HOW ANCIENT BUDDHIST SITES CAN BE BOON TO BANGLADESH Bangladesh is known worldwide for its ancient remains of different civilizations. In today’s contrast nearly all the all provinces of the Bangladesh have sufficient number of ancient Buddhist sites, which can give an edge in developing the tourism sector in all remote parts of provinces. Buddhist tourism circuits could be developed by linking the various ancient sites nationally and internationally. These efforts can enhance growth in rural tourism sector and can be helpful in boosting the local art and craft industry also. Buddhism in Bangladesh Buddhism as a religion grew out of the teachings of an historic individual, Siddhartha Gautama, who lived in the sixth century BCE in north-eastern part of South Asia. Bangladesh possesses a unique place in the history of Buddhism for two reasons: (i) it was the last stronghold of Buddhism where it survived as a socio-cultural force until the twelfth century CE, despite its disappearance from other parts of South Asia and (ii) Bangladesh was the home of Tantric Buddhism.
    [Show full text]
  • HISTORY of BANGLADESH Early Bengal in Regional Perspectives (Up to C
    HISTORY OF BANGLADESH Early Bengal in Regional Perspectives (up to c. 1200 CE) Vol. 1 ARCHAEOLOGY POLITICAL HISTORY POLITY Foreword by Romila Thapar EDITORS ABDUL MOMIN CHOWDHURY RANABIR CHAKRAVARTI 1952 ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BANGLADESH CONTENTS Foreword vii Romila Thapar Preface ix Anisuzzaman Acknowledgment xi Project Implementation Committee Editorial Board xiv Contributors xv A Note on Diacritics xviii Introduction xxiii 1. Historical Geography 1 Abdul Momin Chowdhury and Aksadul Alam 2. People of Early Bengal: An Uncharted Territory 35 Ranjit Kumar Bhattacharyya ARCHAEOLOGY 3. Archaeological Cultures: An Overview of Pre-literate Phase Introduction 59 3.1 West Bengal 61 Bishnupriya Basak 3.2 Bangladesh 80 Shahnaj Husne Jahan 4. Settlement Patterns: Pre and Proto Historie Phase 95 Md. Mozammei Hoque 5. Select Archaeological Sites Introduction 127 5.1 Antichak 131 Rajat Sanyal 5.2 Bhitargarh 144 Shahnaj Husne Jahan XX 5.3 Bodhgaya 167 Rajat Sanyal 5.4 Chandraketugarh 177 Sharmi Chakraborty 5.5 Jagaddala 194 Md. Mahabub-ul Alam 5.6 Jagjivanpur and Bangarh: Northern West Bengal 211 Sheena Panja 5.7 Mahasthan 224 Jean-ffanpois Salles 5.8 Mainamati 263 Mokammal H Bhuiyan 5.9 Moghalmari 281 Rajat Sanyal 5.10 Nalanda 291 Rajat Sanyal 5.11 Northwestern Bangladesh: Sites and Settlements 317 Swadhin Sen 5.12 Paharpur 351 Swadhin Sen and Md. Shafiqul Alam 5.13 Pandu Rajar Dhibi 377 Kaushik Gangopadhyaya 5.14 Sabhar 387 Md. Mozammei Hoque 5.15 Southwestern Bangladesh: Archeological Explorations 405 Md. Shafiqul Alam Appendix I 416 Rethinking the Archaeological Remains of Bharat Bhayna Afroza Khan Mita and AK M Syfur Rahman 5.16 Tamluk 425 Kaushik Gangopadhyaya 5.17 Vikrampur 441 Sufi Mostafizur Rahman, M.
    [Show full text]