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Unit IX: the Adventures of Ulysses, Romulus, Remus, and Pyrrhus

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Unit IX: the Adventures of Ulysses, Romulus, Remus, and Pyrrhus Unit Objectives • To learn the forms of third declension neuter nouns • To learn the third declension i-stem nouns of all genders • To learn the forms of third declension adjectives • To learn how the context of a Latin word can change its basic meaning • To learn about the ablative of respect • To learn more about Greek and Roman legends and history • To learn about Roman food and meals Ulysses at the court of King Alcinous in Phaeacia. At the left, King Alcinous commands the blind minstrel Demodocus to stop recounting the woes of the Greeks at Troy, since Ulysses (center) cannot control his grief. The rest of the court is Gianni Dagli Orti/Palazzo Reale Milan/The Art Archive amazed to see so brave a hero weep. 313 Lesson XLV Lesson Objectives • To learn more about the travels of Ulysses • To learn the forms of S¬r±n±s et Phae¤cia third declension neuter nouns Annß in ¬nsul¤ quam Circ± r±xit ¤ctß, Ulix±s ad S¬r±n±s1 v±nit. S¬r±n±s corpora avium2 et capita puell¤rum habu±runt. Carmina pulchra can±bant3, quibus nautae mßt¬ n¤v±s ad saxa4 vert±bant. Hßc5 modß v¬tam ¤mitt±bant. Sed Ulix±s d± S¬r±nibus ¤ Circ±6 monitus erat. Per¬culß prßv¬sß, aur±s7 5 socißrum c±r¤8 clausit sed nßn su¤s9. Iussit man¥s10 ped±sque sußs9 ad n¤vem lig¤r¬. Hßc modß carmina S¬r±num cl¤r± aud¬vit neque v¬tam ¤m¬sit. 1 the S¬´rens Poste¤ soci¬ Ulixis interfect¬ sunt, et Ulix±s sßlus ad ¬nsulam parvam 2 of birds ¤ctus est in qu¤ habit¤bat r±g¬na pulchra cui11 nßmen erat Calypsß. R±g¬na 3 would sing Ulixem nßn d¬m¬sit. Itaque Ulix±s ibi octß annßs—longum temporis 4 rocks (acc. pl. neut.) 10 spatium—rem¤nsit. Sed tum Iuppiter r±g¬nam iussit Ulix¬ n¤vem par¤re. 5 this (abl.) 6 ablative Hßc factß, Ulix±s exped¬tus r±g¬nam rel¬quit. 11 12 7 ears (fem.) Sed n¤vis und¬s fr¤cta est ad ¬nsulam cui nßmen erat Phae¤cia . 8 wax Vulneribus imped¬tus, homß miser vix13 corpus in silvam f¬nitimam ad 9 his (own) fl¥men trahere potuit, ubi somnum14 c±pit. 10 hands 15 Interim Nausicaa15, f¬lia r±gis Phae¤ciae, cum ali¬s16 puell¬s carrß ad 11 whose (lit., to whom, to which) 17 12 F±¤´shia fl¥men prßc±d±bat, quod in fl¥mine vest±s lav¤re cup¬vit; nam tempus 13 barely m¤trimßn¬ Nausicaae aderat. Ubi vest±s in fl¥mine l¤v±runt, labßre 14 sleep intermissß, Nausicaa pilam18 ad reliqu¤s puell¤s in ßrdine iaci±bat. Sed 15 Nausic´¤ä puella quaedam19 in fl¥men pilam i±cit. Cl¤mßribus puell¤rum ab Ulixe 16 other 20 aud¬t¬s, Ulix±s nßn dubit¤vit sed pilam ex aqu¤ serv¤vit. Puellae timidae 17 wash clothes 18 ball fugere incipiunt quod is ob mala atque vulnera quae sustinuerat nßn iam 19 one girl pulcher erat. Sed Nausicaa nßn territa ante Ulixem stetit et e¬20 gr¤ti¤s ±git. 20 to him Vestibus plic¤t¬s, ad oppidum in ßrdine prßcess±runt. Ulix±s ab r±ge 21 Alcinous (Alsin´ous) (abl.) Alcinoß21 acceptus est, cui fact¬s cl¤r¬s nßtus fuit. Paucßs di±s Ulix±s in 22 a rock 25 Phae¤ci¤ m¤nsit. Tum Alcinous Ulixem ad patriam Ithacam m¬sit. Itaque post v¬gint¬ annßs Ulix±s sßlus sine soci¬s ad patriam v±nit. Ulixe in Ithac¤ v¬sß, Nept¥nus n¤vem in qu¤ Ulix±s tr¤nsport¤tus erat ante portum Phae¤ciae in saxum22 vertit. Portus ¬nsulae hßc5 imped¬mentß clausus est neque poste¤ Alcinous et homin±s ¬nsulae n¤vig¤re potu±runt. 314 U N I T I X The adventures of ulysses, romulus, remus, and pyrrhus Ronald Sheridan/Ancient Art & Architecture Collection Questions Ulysses, tied to his mast by his 1. What did the Sirens look like? men, listens to the Siren’s song. 2. What special power did their songs have? (You can see, to the right, the 3. By whom had Ulysses been warned? flute played by one Siren.) To the left, another Siren, her body 4. How did Ulysses manage to hear the Sirens without danger? covered with feathers, holds up 5. Whose island was Ulysses driven to next? a tempting delicacy, a lobster. 6. How long did he remain there? Around the ship swim fish and 7. Who ordered the queen to get a ship ready for Ulysses? dolphins. Part of a mosaic from 8. What happened to the ship and where? Cherchel, Tunisia. 9. Who found Ulysses and in what condition was he? 10. What was the special occasion for which the king’s daughter was washing clothes? 11. What were the girls doing when they encountered the man? 12. Why did Nausicaa thank Ulysses? 13. How long did Ulysses remain with King Alcinous? 14. For how many years had Ulysses been away from Ithaca? 15. What happened to the Phaeacian ship in which Ulysses sailed? What happened to the Phaeacians’ port? LESSON XLV S¬r±n±s et Phae¤cia 315 Nouns ca´put, ca´pitis n. head (capital, chief) car´men, car´minis n. song cl¤´mor, cl¤mß´ris m. noise, shouting [cl¤mß] cor´pus, cor´poris n. body (corporation, corpse) fl¥´men, fl¥´minis n. river (fluid, flume) nß´men, nß´minis n. name (nominate, nominative) ßr´dß, ßr´dinis m. order, rank, row (inordinate, ordinary) tem´pus, tem´poris n. time (temporal, temporary) Ronald Sheridan/Ancient Art & Architecture Collection vul´nus, vul´neris n. wound (vulnerable) Puellae timidae fugere Verbs incipiunt. The helmeted goddess Minerva watches clau´dß, clau´dere, clau´s¬, clau´sus close (clause, include) Ulysses come out of the water. ia´ciß, ia´cere, i±´c¬, iac´tus throw, hurl (project, subject) Nausicaa looks ready to run. Third Declension: Neuter Nouns ENDINGS EXAMPLE SINGULAR PLURAL SINGULAR PLURAL Nominative — -a corpus corpora Genitive -is -um corporis corporum Dative -¬ -ibus corpor¬ corporibus Accusative — -a corpus corpora Ablative e -ibus corpore corporibus In the third declension, as in the second, the nominative and accusative singular forms of neuter nouns are alike. The nominative and accusative plural both end in -a. These two rules hold true for all neuter nouns, regardless of their declension. The vocative, singular and plural, is like the nominative. 316 U N I T I X The adventures of ulysses, romulus, remus, and pyrrhus Oral Practice 1. Decline nßmen clarum. 2. Tell the form(s) of fl¥minum, capita, tempus, l±g±s, vulner¬, nßmine, carminis. Did You Know? The Romans had several kinds of bread but did not eat bread with butter. Some of these breads were suet bread, honey and oil bread, cheese bread, large, grainy Cilician loaves, wafer bread, a soft and salty raised bread called Cappadocian, pancakes, rolls baked on a spit, and square loaves flavored with oil, aniseed, and cheese. Roman bakers even made cookies for dogs! Exercises A. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Quae nßmina fl¥minum Galliae cognßvistis? 2. Corpore hominis inventß, m¬les ducem voc¤vit. 3. Ob tempus ann¬ fr¥mentum tr¤nsport¤re nßn poter¤mus. 4. Litterae variae qu¤s scr¬psist¬ mitt¬ cr¤s poterunt. 5. R±x, victßri¤ barbarßrum territus, m¬lit±s tr¤ns fl¥men tr¤d¥xit. B. Translate the following sentences into Latin. 1. The river that you see is wide. 2. Horses have large bodies but small heads. 3. There were many wounds on the farmer’s body. 4. Since the river is closed, grain can no longer be transported. LESSON XLV S¬r±n±s et Phae¤cia 317 • Many English words preserve the original Latin forms of the third declension. SINGULAR PLURAL amanuensis amanuenses apex apexes or apices appendix appendixes or appendices genus genera index indexes or indices insigne (rare) insignia stamen stamens or stamina (with difference in meaning) vertex vertexes or vertices viscera (singular rare) Nouns with their plurals in -s are consul, ratio, and many nouns in -or: doctor, actor, factor, labor, victor, etc. • Explain contemporary, invulnerable, decapitate, capitalism, capital punishment. What is a corporation? What is meant by incorporated? State two ways in which siren is used today. • There is a town named Calypso in North Carolina. 318 U N I T I X The adventures of ulysses, romulus, remus, and pyrrhus Lesson XLVI Lesson Objectives • To read about Ulysses’ return to Ithaca and P±nelop± Penelope • To learn the forms of third declension i-stem nouns Ulix±s, n¤v¬ et soci¬s ¤miss¬s, corpore vulneribus cßnfectß, in patriam perv±nerat. Ad f¬nem itineris sed nßn labßrum perpetußrum v±nerat. Et c¬v±s et host±s cr±did±runt1 Ulixem nßn iam v¬vum esse. Pr¬mus qu¬ Ulixem v¬dit sed nßn cognßvit erat p¤stor cuius nßmen erat Eumaeus. Ab Eumaeß Ulix±s nßn pauca d± uxßre2 P±nelop± et f¬liß 5 T±lemachß aud¬vit. T±lemachus ab ¬nsul¤ tum aberat quod P±nelop± eum3 tr¤ns mare ad ultima r±gna c¬vit¤t±sque4 Graeciae m¬serat, in quibus loc¬s itinera faci±bat et Ulixem pet±bat. Per multßs annßs n¥llam f¤mam d± Ulixe P±nelop± acc±perat. Interim5 mult¬ duc±s r±g±sque, cupidit¤te6 r±gn¬ Ulixis 1 believed adduct¬, d± montibus Ithacae et ± ¬nsul¬s f¬nitim¬s conv±nerant et r±g¬nam in 10 2 wife m¤trimßnium pet±bant.
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