HHJ Bl liicmnnniu) A SALUTARY INFLUENCE: GETTYSBURG COLLEGE, 1832-1985 Volume 1 Charles H. Glatfelter Gettysburg College Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 1987 Copyright © 1987 by Gettysburg College Allrights reserved. No part of this book may be used or repro- duced in any manner without written permission except in the case of brief quotations incritical articles or reviews. Printed inthe United States of America byW &MPrinting,Inc. Design and typography by C & J Enterprises, Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania The College Seal, 1832-1921 From an 1850 deed Contents Illustrations and Maps viii Tables ix Preface xi 1. The Background of Gettysburg College (1776-1832) 3 July 4, 1832 3 Two Colleges for Southcentral Pennsylvania 6 Lutheran Ministerial Training 13 Samuel Simon Schmucker 16 Gettysburg and the Lutheran Theological Seminary 22 Classical School and Gymnasium (1827-1832) 26 Pennsylvania College of Gettysburg (1831-1832) 32 2. Acquiring a Proper College Edifice (1832-1837) 41 Getting the Money 41 Building 58 3. After the Manner of a Well-Regulated Family (1832 1868) 73 Trustees 75 Finances 81 Presidents and Faculty 92 The Campus 104 Preparatory Department 119 Curriculum 122 Library 135 Equipment 139 The Medical Department 141 Students 146 Student Organizations 159 Alumni Association 167 Town and Gown 169 The College and the Lutheran Church 173 In the World of Higher Education 180 The Civil War 191 Changing the Guard 190 4. A Wider Place for a Greater Work (1868-1904) 193 Trustees 195 Finances 207 Presidents and Faculty 222 The Campus 242 Preparatory Department 270 The Curriculum 276 From Admission to Commencement 297 Library 313 Equipment 315 Students 318 Student Organizations 331 College Publications 343 VII Athletic Activity 348 College Spirit 362 Alumni 367 Town and Gown 377 The College and the Lutheran Church 383 In the World of Higher Education 404 TollNo More the Bell 406 Illustrations and Maps Cupola of Pennsylvania Hall Order of Exercises for July 4, 1832 Benjamin Rush (1745-1813) Samuel Simon Schmucker (1799-1873) Pennsylvania Colleges and Universities in1832 Gettysburg Academy Gettysburg Gymnasium, Prospectus Seminary Building To the Public Elevation Drawing and Floor Plan, College Edifice Letter Favoring the College Appropriation Bill Thaddeus Stevens (1792-1868) 56 John Cresson Trautwine (1810-1883) 60 Soliciting Proposals for the College Edifice 64 John George Schmucker Casts a Negative Vote 66 College Edifice, about 1843 69 College Campus, about 1862 72 The First Twenty-One Trustees 76 Four Early Resident Trustees 77 Four Early Nonresident Trustees 79 Charles P. Krauth (1797-1867) 94 Henry L.Baugher (1804-1868) 97 Four Early Faculty Members 100 College Edifice, 1882 105 Linnaean Hall 110 Stevens Hall 113 Christ Lutheran Church 117 Course of Instruction, 1832 123 Page from the Matriculation Book, 1840-1841 130 Student Grade Report, 1854 132 Announcement of the 1850 Commencement Exercises 134 Medical Department Building 144 John Hopkins (1806-1868) 150 "We are heartily sorry for these, our offenses" 155 Program for Philomathaean Celebration, 1848 162 Class of 1868 167 Samuel Simon Schmucker in old age 177 New Recitation Building 192 Four Trustees 197 Four Trustees 200 VIII Receipt and Check, 1887-1888 209 Milton Valentine (1825-1906) 223 Harvey W. McKnight (1843-1914) 228 Four Faculty Members 235 Four Faculty Members 238 The Campus between 1868 and the Late 1880s 243- McCreary Gymnasium 247 Observatory 249 Cornerstone Laying, New Recitation Building 255 Brua Chapel 259 South College 264 Adam Foutz (1841-1911) 266 Panoramic View of the Campus, 1897 268-269 Charles H.Huber (1871-1951) 273 The Curriculum as Described in the 1887 Catalogue 282-283 Page from the Matriculation Book, 1883-1884 301 Women Students, 1902-1903 303 Student Grade Report, 1885 306 Program for the 1886 Commencement 308 General View of College Libraries, 1897 314 BiologyLaboratory, 1897 316 Museum, 1903 318 Burlesque, 1872 327 "ATypical College Room," 1903 330 Philo Hall 333 Phrena Hall 333 Fraternities Introduced, 1899 Spectrum 338 MillerHall 340 William L.Glatfelter Hall 341 College Musical Clubs 342 First Page of the First Gettysburgian, 1897 346 First College Football Team, 1890 352 1891 College Baseball Team 352 Nixon Field 355 Sons of Hercules 360 Gymnasium, Interior View 362 'The Orange and the Blue" 366 "Our Alma Mater" 367 View of Gettysburg, about 1890 378 Monument, Company A, Twenty-Sixth Regiment 381 Seminary Faculty and Students, 1904 391 EliHuber (1834-1911) 393 H. Louis Baugher (1840-1899) 393 Tables Students inCollege and Degrees Granted, 1832-1868 127 Students in College and Degrees Granted, 1868-1904 310 ix Preface The main purpose of this work, commissioned to be part of the observance ofits 150 th anniversary, has been to stress the history of Gettysburg College as an educational institution endowed by its charter with a continuing existence. Its trustees, administrators, faculty, and students have gained their places by election, appoint- ment, or admission. For a longer or shorter period of time they have helped shape College policies and programs. Presumably they have benefited from the experience. Eventually, allhave yielded (or will yield) their seats to successors. For more than a century and a half, Gettysburg College has survived as the generations of allthose who have given it life have come and gone. Another major purpose of this work has been to stress the history of the College as an educational institution whose policies and pro- grams have been influenced invarious ways and invarying degrees by the surrounding community (since 1863 one nationally, even internationally, known), by its long continuing relationships with the Lutheran church, and by its consistent awareness that it is an integral part of the large and growing American enterprise in higher education. A third major purpose has been to present the historical facts of the College's past in such a way as to leave to the reader ample (although not complete) opportunity to decide for himself or herself whether or not the policies and programs pursued by the men and women responsible for its welfare since 1832 were wise and proper. Ultimately, those who read this account seriously should evaluate the evidence presented and then decide for themselves how salutary an influence Gettysburg College has exercised in advancing the cause of liberal education. No person can write an account which completely recreates the past. The best one can do is search for as many surviving primary sources as possible, use every available means to determine their credibility, and then construct an account characterized by what his- torians sometimes call verisimilitude. That is what Ihave tried to do. As a former student, alumnus, faculty member, former adminis- trator, and a Lutheran, my association with Gettysburg College spans almost 30 percent of its existence to date. This is at once an advantage and a disadvantage for one who assumes the respon- sibility for writing about its past. Many members of the College faculty and staff have responded, both patiently and willingly,to mynumerous requests for informa- XI tion and assistance. Among them are Richard P. Allen, Bruce Bigelow, Robert L. Bloom, Kirn S. Breighner, Jay P. Brown, G. Ronald Couchman, Daniel A. Dundon, Ruth S. Groft, Roland E. Hansen, Barbara J. Herman, Dwight A.Huseman, Robert D. Ken- worthy, Linda Lagle, Gary Lowe, Robert D. Smith, Janet M.Upton, and Frank B. Williams. Separate mention must be given to two spe- cial collections librarians: Nancy C. Scott and David T. Hedrick. Ihave benefited from the counsel of Bernadine Dorich, Edwin D. Freed, Carol Kefalas, and Anna Jane Moyer, members of the editorial board. Several students with whom Iworked either in individualized study or ina January term course on the history of the College, especially Gregory J. Landrey, have made their contribu- tion to my understanding of the subject. Iam deeply indebted to the late President C. Arnold Hanson, who first asked me to undertake the task, and also toPresident Charles E. Glassick, who encouraged me ina number of important ways and who kindly agreed to read and comment on the final chapter of the work. There were persons in several other institutions who went out of their way to search for and send information which was subsequent- ly used. Among the institutions were Allegheny College, Easton Area Public Library, Evangelical and Reformed Historical Society, Franklin and Marshall College, Hamilton College, The Johns Hop- kins University, Lafayette College, Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, Ursinus College, and Washington and Jefferson College. Staff members at the following state, regional, and national educational agencies responded promptly and helpfully torequests for information: American Association of University Professors, Association of American Colleges, Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges, Board ofRegents of the Univer- sity of the State of New York, and the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools. Few, if any, lists of the debts one incurs in a major piece of research and writing are ever complete. This one certainly is not among them, but it should not be closed without mention of Walter B. Lane, the Gettysburg photographer who was always most cooperative, and Jane Adams Clarke, who found several key sources for me among the voluminous Philadelphia county estate papers. My son, Philip H. Glatfelter, compiled the lists included in the appendices and helped in other ways. My wife, Miriam G. Glat- felter, assisted in the task of proofreading. Since no one else decided what was to be included in this work, the responsibility for it is entirely mine. Charles H. Glatfelter Gettysburg, Pennsylvania September 17, 1986 XII Pennsylvania College. But he hath nobler works and ways, To callhis people to his praise : ORDER OF THE PROCESSION, To all our land his laws are shown ; July 4th, 1832. His gospel's through the nation known* The Patrons, Clergy, Students of the After which a Prayer willbe offered up by Gymnasium and Seminary, the Orator ofthe the Rev.