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FIGURE CONTENT Figure Page 2.1 Landscape of Luang Prabang…………………………………………………………………………………….7 2.2 Landscape of Luang Prabang (2)………………………………………………………………………………..8 2.3 A map showed the territory of Mainland Southeast Asian Kingdoms……………………11 2.4 Landscape of ……………………………………………………………………………………………….17 3.1 A figure illustrate the component of a Chedi………………………………………………………….25 3.2 A That at Apai…………………………………………………………………………………………………….26 3.3 3 That Noi (ธาตุนอย) at Wat Maha That……………………………………………………………………26 3.4 That Luang, Vientiane……………………………………………………………………………………………….27 3.5 Pra That Bang Puen, Nong Kai, Thailand…………………………………………………………………28 3.6 A That at Wat Naga Yai, Vientiane……………………………………………………………………………28 3.7 Pra That Nong Sam Muen, Chaiyabhum, Thailand………………………………………………….28 3.8 Pra That Cheng Chum (พระธาตุเชิงชุม), Sakon Nakorn, Thailand…………………………….29 3.9 Pra That In Hang, Savannaket, Lao PDR…………………………………………………………………..29 3.10 That Phun, Xieng Kwang, Lao PDR………………………………………………………………………….30 3.11 A front side picture of Sim of Wat Xieng Thong, Luang Prabang…………………………30 3.12 A side plan of Wat Xieng Thong's sim……………………………………………………………………31 3.13 Sim of Wat Xieng Thong, Luang Prabang, Lao PDR……………………………………………….32 3.14 Sim of Wat Pak Kan, Luang Prabang, Lao PDR……………………………………………………….32 3.15 Sim of Wat Sisaket, Vientiane, Lao PDR………………………………………………………………….33 [7]

3.16 Sim of Wat Kiri, Luang Prabang, Lao PDR……………………………………………………………….34 3.17 Sim of Wat Mai, Luang Prabang, Lao PDR………………………………………………………………34 3.18 Sim of Wat Long Koon, Luang Prabang, Lao PDR………………………………………………….35 3.19 Ho Wai of Wat Xieng Thong, Luang Prabang, Lao PDR…………………………………………35 3.20 Oob Mung of Wat Xieng Thong, Luang Prabang, Lao PDR……………………………………35 3.21 Ho Trai (library) of Wat Sisaket, Vientiane, Lao PDR………………………………………………36 3.22 Ho Klong (Drum Tower) of Wat Maha That, Luang Prabang, Lao PDR…………………36 3.23 Prabang…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….37 3.24 Phra Sai (พระใส)………………………………………………………………………………………………………..38 3.25 Buddha image at Wat Sob………………………………………………………………………………………39 3.26 Lai Fok Kham at a Sim of Wat Xieng Thong………………………………………………………….39 3.27 A mosaic stain glass at the back wall (outside) of a Sim of Wat Xieng Thong……40 3.28 Mural painting at Wat Long Koon…………………………………………………………………………..41 3.29 Phra Prang of (Temple of the Down), Bangkok, Thailand…………………….42 3.30 Crowned at , Bangkok, Thailand………………………………………………….43 3.31 Bell-shaped Pagoda at Wat Bowonnivet (วัดบวรนิเวศราชวรวิหาร), Bangkok, Thailand……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………43 3.32 An Ubosot of Wat Phra Kaeo (Temple of the Emerald Buddha), Bangkok, Thailand……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………45 3.33 An Ubosot of Wat Rajaorasa, Bangkok, Thailand…………………………………………………..45 3.34 Ho Trai of , Bangkok, Thailand……………………………………………………………….46 3.35 Ho Rakang (Bell Tower) of Wat Pho, Bangkok, Thailand……………………………………….47 [8]

3.36 Crowned Buddha at Wat Theptidaram (วัดเทพธิดาราม)………………………………………….47 3.37 Phra Buddha Tre Loka Chet (พระพุทธตรีโลกเชษฐ) at Wat Suthad (วัดสุทัศน)…………48 3.38 Thai mural painting at ……………………………………………………………….50 3.39 Mural painting at Wat Nang Nong (วัดนางนอง)………………………………………………………..53 3.40 Mural painting at Wat Bovonnivet (วัดบวรนิเวศราชวรวิหาร)……………………………………54 3.41 Mural painting in the reign of King Rama V……………………………………………………………54 4.1 Wat Long Koon…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..57 4.2 Layout Plan of Wat Long Koon…………………………………………………………………………………57 4.3 That of Wat Long Koon…………………………………………………………………………………………….58 4.4 The Principle Buddha image of Wat Long Koon……………………………………………………..58 4.5 Plan of mural painting inside Sim of Wat Long Koon……………………………………………..59 4.6 Mural painting inside Sim of Wat Longkoon, depicted a scene of a Victory over the Mara, Enlightenment and Prince Siddhatta Leaving the Palace…………………………….59 4.7 Picture of Bhuridatta the Naga Prince and Narada the Great Brahma…………………..60 4.8 A picture of Xiao Kang outside the Sim……………………………………………………………………60 4.9 Picture of Western soilders……………………………………………………………………………………….61 4.10 Wat Pa Huak…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….62 4.11 Layout Plan of Wat Pa Huak…………………………………………………………………………………..62 4.12 Door façade of Sim of Wat Pa Huak……………………………………………………………………….63 4.13 Square-shaped That of Wat Pa Huak……………………………………………………………………..63 4.14 A principle Buddha image of Wat Pa Huak…………………………………………………………….63 [9]

4.15 Mural painting depicted a story of Lord Buddha's Life in a scene that Lord Buddha enlightened the Five Brahmins…………………………………………………………………………64 4.16 mural painting depicted a story from Chomphubodi Sutra…………………………………64 4.17 A picture of King Pimpisan………………………………………………………………………………………64 4.18 Wat Pa Khe……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….65 4.19 Layout Plan of Wat Pa Khe……………………………………………………………………………………..65 4.20 Ornaments of Sim of Wat Pa Khe…………………………………………………………………………..66 4.21 picture of Dutch soilders…………………………………………………………………………………………66 4.22 Sima of Wat Pa Khe…………………………………………………………………………………………………67 4.23 Three Chedi Rais in Wat Pa Khe……………………………………………………………………………..67 4.24 That of Wat Pa Khe………………………………………………………………………………………………….68 4.25 Wat That Luang………………………………………………………………………………………………………..69 4.26 Layout Plan of Wat That Luang………………………………………………………………………………69 4.27 Sima of Wat That Luang………………………………………………………………………………………….70 4.28 That Luang……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….70 4.29 A That that was built by Queen Pathumma………………………………………………………….70 4.30 Window panels of Sim of Wat That Luang…………………………………………………………….71 4.31 Wat Sirimongkonchaiyaram……………………………………………………………………………………..71 4.32 Layout Plan of Wat Sirimongkonchaiyaram……………………………………………………………72 4.33 Components of Wat Sirimongkonchaiyaram………………………………………………………….72 4.34 Oob Mung of Wat Sirimongkonchaiyaram………………………………………………………………73 4.35 Ho Wai of Wat Sirimongkonchaiyaram……………………………………………………………………73 [10]

4.36 A principle Buddha image of Wat Sirimongkonchaiyaram…………………………………….73 4.37 Lai Fok Kham insode Sim of Wat Sirimongkonchaiyaram……………………………………..74 4.38 Wat Sob……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………74 4.39 Layout Plan of Wat Sob………………………………………………………………………………………….75 4.40 Sim of Wat Sob………………………………………………………………………………………………………..75 4.41 That of Wat Sob……………………………………………………………………………………………………….76 4.42 A principle Buddha image of Wat Sob and Lai Fok Kham……………………………………76 4.43 Wat Nong Srikoonmueng…………………………………………………………………………………………77 4.44 Layout Plan of Wat Nong Srikoonmueng………………………………………………………………77 4.45 components of Wat Nong Srikoonmueng's Sim……………………………………………………78 4.46 That of Wat Nong Srikoonmueng……………………………………………………………………………79 4.47 Chedi Rais of Wat Nong Srikoonmueng………………………………………………………………….79