Essai De Synthese L'histoire De L'human1te
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THE MODERNIZATION of the OTTOMAN NAVY DURING the REIGN of SULTAN ABDÜLAZİZ (1861-1876) By
THE MODERNIZATION OF THE OTTOMAN NAVY DURING THE REIGN OF SULTAN ABDÜLAZİZ (1861-1876) by DİLARA DAL A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Centre for Byzantine, Ottoman and Modern Greek Studies Department of Classics, Ancient History and Archaeology College of Arts and Law The University of Birmingham April, 2015 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT The main focus of this study is to examine the modernization of the Ottoman navy during the reign of Sultan Abdülaziz, exploring naval administration, education, and technology. Giving a summary of the transformation of shipbuilding technologies and bureaucratic institutions of the Ottoman naval forces between 1808 and 1861, it analyses the structure of the Ottoman navy, its level of development in comparison to previous periods of time, and the condition of the vessels making up the naval fleet from 1861 to 1876. It also intends to evaluate the character of existing administrative structures at the outset of Abdülaziz’s reign in 1861 and the nature of subsequent changes, including structural reorganization of the Imperial Naval Arsenal, the Ministry of Marine, and the Naval Academy, as well as advancements in military training and seafaring; all within the context of the impact of these changes on the military, political, and economic condition of the Empire during the reign of Sultan Abdülaziz. -
A War of Nations Or Genders? a Life to Remember: Florence Nightingale and the Crimean War
International Journal of Linguistics and Literature (IJLL) ISSN(P): 2319-3956; ISSN(E): 2319-3964 Vol. 5, Issue 5, Aug - Sep 2016; 25-32 © IASET A WAR OF NATIONS OR GENDERS? A LIFE TO REMEMBER: FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE AND THE CRIMEAN WAR GÖNÜL BAKAY Cemiktopuzlu Caddesi. No:75 Göztepe, Göztepe Park Residences İstanbul, Turkey ABSTRACT “—Every historical fact needs to be explained in human terms.”-Leo Tolstoy In 1853, Tsar Nicholas I stated his views regarding the state of the Ottoman Empire saying: “We have a sick man on our hands, a man gravely ill, it will be a great misfortuneif one of these days he slips through our hands especially before the neccessary arrangements are made” (14). The same year Russia occupied Danube, Moldavia and Wallachia, the region North of the Danube. On October 5th , the Turks declared war against Russia. The Russians were “using explosive shells for the first time in history” (reference 21). The battle of Sinop caused great havoc in British press; which called it “a massacre”. Finally, France and England decided to declare war against Russia on the 28th of March, 1854. Most of the war took place in Crimea, the southern tip of Ukraine. In 1856, both Russia and Ottoman Empire came to an agreement concerning the cessation of all military activity on the Black Sea and thus the war came to an end. KEYWORDS: A Life To Remember: Florence Nightingale and the Crimean War INTRODUCTION During the war, many soldiers died due to the hard conditions of the battlefield; not only from wounds but also from various diseases like typhoid, disentry, cholera and maleria. -
Ottoman Sea Power………
KADIR HAS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES PROGRAM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CONTINENTAL POWERS AND QUEST FOR STATUS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SULTAN ABDÜLAZİZ’S FLEET (1861-1876) MEHMET ALİOĞLU SUPERVISOR: PROF. DR. SERHAT GÜVENÇ PHD THESIS ISTANBUL, JUNE 2020 Mehmet Alioğlu Doktora Tezi 2020 Student’s Full Name Ph.D. (or M.S. or M.A.) Thesis 2011 CONTINENTAL POWERS AND QUEST FOR STATUS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SULTAN ABDÜLAZİZ’S FLEET (1861-1876) MEHMET ALİOĞLU SUPERVISOR: PROF. DR. SERHAT GÜVENÇ PHD THESIS Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Kadir Has University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in the Discipline Area of International Relations under the Program of International Relations. ISTANBUL, JUNE, 2020 I, MEHMET ALİOĞLU; Hereby declare that this PhD Thesis is my own original work and that due references have been appropriately provided on all supporting literature and resources. MEHMET ALİOĞLU __________________________ JUNE 2020 ACCEPTANCE AND APPROVAL This work entitled CONTINENTAL POWERS AND QUEST FOR STATUS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SULTAN ABDÜLAZIZ’S FLEET (1861-1876) prepared by MEHMET ALİOĞLU has been judged to be successful at the defense exam held on ... ... 2020 and accepted by our jury as PHD THESIS. Prof. Dr., Serhat Güvenç (Advisor) Kadir Has University Prof. Dr., Mitat Çelikpala Kadir Has University Doç. Dr., Gün Kut Boğaziçi University Prof. Dr., Gencer Özcan Bilgi University Doç. Dr., Ahmet Salih Bıçakçı Kadir Has University I certify that the above signatures belong to the faculty members named above. SIGNATURE Prof. Sinem Akgül Açıkmeşe Institute Director School of Graduate Studies DATE OF APPROVAL: …/…/…. -
PDF Compression, OCR, Web Optimization Using a Watermarked Evaluation Copy of CVISION Pdfcompressor CONTENTS
SUMAR • Dossier: Romanian-Turkish Military Relations during Modern and Contemporary Period – Major General (ret.) Dr. MIHAIL E. IONESCU – Foreword ...................... 1 – TOGAY SEÇKIN BİRBUDAK – The Question of Romanian Union and REVISTA DE ISTORIE Alexandru Ioan Cuza’s Visit to Istanbul ................................................................. 3 MILITARĂ – ÖZLEM DEMİREĞEN – 18771878 OttomanRussian War, Pleven (Plevna) Defence and Process Leading to Romania’s Independence ................ 12 Publicaţia este editată de – F. REZZAN ÜNALP – A Delegate of the TurkishRomanian Friendship Minis terul Apărării Naţionale, Relations: Ambassador Hamdullah Suphi Tanrıöver ............................................ 28 prin Institutul pentru Studii – SERGIU IOSIPESCU – The Romanian Principalities, the Ottoman Empire Politice de Apărare şi Istorie and the Crimean War. Political and Military Considerations ............................ 39 Militară, membru al Consor ţiului – PETRE OTU – Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in Romanian Historiography ..... 60 Acade miilor de Apărare şi In – CERASELA MOLDOVEANU – „The Turkish Channel” in Romania’s stitutelor pentru Studii de Se Negotiations for Exit from the Axis ........................................................................ 80 curitate din cadrul Partene riatului pentru Pace, coordo • Centenar Primul Război Mondial nator naţional al Proiec tului de – ŞERBAN CIOCULESCU, SILVIU PETRE – Dimensiunea psihocognitivă Istorie Paralelă: NATO – Tratatul a leadershipului german şi tentaţia expansiunii -
Chronology of the Key Historical Events on the Black and Azov Seas
Chronology of the Key Historical Events on the Black and Azov Seas Eighteenth Century 1700 – The Treaty of Constantinople was signed on 13 July 1700 between Russia and the Ottoman Empire. It ended the Russian-Turkish War of 1686–1700. 1701 – Engraver from Holland A. Schoonebeek engraved a map called “Eastern part of the Sea Palus Maeotis, which is now called the Sea of Azov.” On the map there were shown: the coastline of the sea, the grid of parallels and meridians, the compass grid, depths, anchor positions, cities. The map scale is about 1:700,000, the size is 52 Â 63 cm, published in Moscow. 1702–1704 – P. Picart issued in Moscow a map called “Direct drawing of the Black Sea from the town of Kerch to Tsargrad.” On the map there were shown the towns of Bendery, Ochakov, Taman, Trapezund, Tsargrad and there was an inset of the Bosphorus Strait with depths depicted on the fairway. 1703 – Issue of the Atlas of the Black and Azov seas with the navigation chart of the track from Kerch to Constantinople (observation was performed by the ship “Krepost”). 1703–1704 – The “Atlas of the Don River, Azov and Black Seas” compiled by Admiral C. Cruys was printed in Amsterdam; it consisted of a description and 17 maps. 1706 – A lot of new ships were added to the Russian Azov Fleet. S.R. Grinevetsky et al., The Black Sea Encyclopedia, 843 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-55227-4, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 844 Chronology of the Key Historical Events on the Black and Azov Seas 1710–1713 – Russian–Turkish War. -
A Brief Historical Background: the Crimea War 1853
THE CRIMEA WAR, 1853 - 1856 Monthly Strategy Report April 2014 Alejandro Vidal Head of Market Strategy G & FI IN NA K N N C A BEST E B ASSET & R L WEALTH E A V B MANAGEMENT I E O SPAIN W L 2013 1 G A S W A R D Monthly Strategy Report. April 2014 The Crimea War, 1853 - 1856 “We are in the midst of an international confl ict that may have important economic consequences in the medium term for Russia and other nations due to the measures that might be adopted. Russia’s infl uence in the Black Sea region and the question of its access to the Mediterranean has been a matter of maximum geopolitical interest for centuries. In the mid-19th century, the break-up of the increasingly anachronistic Ottoman Empire was evident and only the interest that European powers had in avoiding confl ict in the event of chaotic collapse maintained a Turkish presence in Europe and the Middle East. Let us look again at the Crimea confl ict of the 19th century”. In the mid-19th century, the Ottoman Empire still had nominal control over large swathes of Eastern Europe and the Middle East, although it was nevertheless clear to the major European powers that it was incapable of defending these territories as a result of its technological, industrial and military backwardness, which became especially plain to see after the independence of Greece in 1821 following armed confl ict. Even so, the Ottoman Empire still had important Catholic and Orthodox Christian populations and holy sites under its control, including Jerusalem. -
Russia and Turkey I Powerful Weapons in a Possible War II
Secret Intelligence Service (C-I) Russia and Turkey I Powerful weapons in a possible war II Geopolitical and historical notes Looking at it from there (the United Kingdom) it appears ‘so’, but here in the U.S., is a very different politic. Think back to the Cold War and when behind the public scenes of threat and counter-threat, Kennedy was holding a confidential with Krushchev and did create a mood of laissez-faire into which the Cuban Missile Crisis, the war in Vietnam was desired to become peace. Alan Dulles, Lyndon B Johnson, J Edgar Hoover, Clint Murchison and the rest of the super-power elites (the world's richest people) much inclusive of the industrial military magnates were well aware of what they regarded as double dealing on Kennedy's behalf. Recall the Guilty of Treason leaflets distributed on the eve of Kennedy's state visit to Texas and that they were all there in person the night before the assassination, at Murchison’ house in Texas. What it achieved for Kennedy was a cementing into a future course of events that have not and will not change. It's impossible to work against it and any leader is well aware. Whether you like Trump or not, if he is their ‘boy’ he will become President and continue in that role. The current standoff with Moscow has no comparative official resolve as per Kennedy, much the reverse and all of the motions in play, the rhetoric comes from 'them', because it has to. Trump will continue this and what Moscow and those on their 'side' whether in the moral right or wrong the expected way they will respond will only serve to work in their favor. -
The Russo-Turkish Campaigns of 1828 and 1829
Presented to the UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY by the ONTARIO LEGISLATIVE LIBRARY 1980 Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2010 witii funding from University of Toronto littp://www.arcliive.org/details/russoturkislicampOOclies THE PtUSSO-TUEKISH CAMPAIGIS OF 1828 AND 1829. — — —— ——— — — — TURKEY AND RUSSIA. The latest and best Works inMished. A YEAR WITH THE TURKS: Or, Sketches of Travel in the Europeax and Asiatic Dominions of the SvLTAN. By WaringtuQ W. Smyth, M. A. With a colored Ethnological Map of the Empire. l'2mo., cloth 75 cents. Second Edition noio ready. " Walliichia, the Danube, and other places now so prominent, are made fiimiliar by the plain, easy style of our author, -while a flood of liffht is shed upon the Turks as a people, their system of government, the policy of their rulers, and the whole internal arrangement of the Ottoman Empire." Phila. National Argus, " We advise all those who wish for clear information with regard to the condition of the Empire, and the various races that make up the population, to g(?t this book and read it." Boston Commonwealth. " This is a plain and simple history of a region invested just now with peculiar interest. The geography of the country is minutely set down, the character, habits, idiosyncrasies of its inhabitants thoroughly portrayed, its resources, wealth and wants pointedly referred to, its government, laws and provisions clearly defined." Buffalo Express. " Mr. Smyth traveled in Turkey in the fall of last year, and his descriptions of the country are therefore more recent than can be obtained elsewhere." Tro)/ Daily Times. -
The Ottoman Crimean War, 1853–1856 / by Candan Badem
Th e Ottoman Crimean War (1853–1856) C. Badem - 9789004190962 Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 11:39:51PM via free access Th e Ottoman Empire and its Heritage Politics, Society and Economy Edited by Suraiya Faroqhi and Halil Inalcik Advisory Board fikret adanir – antonis anastasopoulos – idris bostan palmira brummett – amnon cohen – jane hathaway klaus kreiser – hans georg majer – ahmet yaşar ocak abdeljelil temimi – gilles veinstein VOLUME 44 C. Badem - 9789004190962 Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 11:39:51PM via free access Th e Ottoman Empire Th e Ottoman Crimean War and its Heritage (1853–1856) Politics, Society and Economy By Candan Badem Edited by Suraiya Faroqhi and Halil Inalcik Advisory Board fikret adanir – antonis anastasopoulos – idris bostan palmira brummett – amnon cohen – jane hathaway klaus kreiser – hans georg majer – ahmet yaşar ocak abdeljelil temimi – gilles veinstein VOLUME 44 LEIDEN • BOSTON 2010 C. Badem - 9789004190962 Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 11:39:51PM via free access This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the cc-by-nc License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org. Cover illustration: Ferik İsmail Pasha, commander of the Egyptian troops in the Crimea. Photo by Roger Fenton, 1855. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Badem, Candan, 1970– The Ottoman Crimean War, 1853–1856 / by Candan Badem. -
Date in History
Date in History 1-8 Jan – French forces under the Duke of Guise conquered the fortress at Calais, the last English territory in France (1558). 1 Jan – German scientist William Rontgen announced his discovery of x-rays (1896). 1 Jan – All cigarette packages sold in the US were required to include the US Surgeon General’s warning “Caution: Cigarette smoking may be hazardous to your health (1966) 1 Jan – The first law requiring fluoridation of public water supplies became active in Connecticut (1967). 1 Jan – The Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO) enacted a policy to remove accreditation from all hospitals allowing indoor smoking (1992). 1 Jan – Iowa became the first state to ban mercury (thimerosal) in all vaccines used in children (2006). 2 Jan – Delaware and Wyandot Indians surprised and massacred 11 eleven men, one woman and two children in the Big Bottom Massacre in southeastern Ohio (1791). 3 Jan – Pope Leo X excommunicated Martin Luther, the Protestant Reformer, in his papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem, after Luther refused to recant his writings as required by the 1520 papal bull Exsurge Domine (1521). 3 Jan – In the Battle of Princeton, American forces under Washington defeated British troops under Cornwallis, compelling the British to abandon most of New Jersey (1777). 4 Jan – Danish invaders formed a redoubt at Reading, Berkshire, and held off a West Saxon counterattack in the Battle of Reading (871). 4 Jan – Dr. William West Grant performed what was probably the first successful appendectomy, on Mary Gartside (1885). 5 Jan – British land and naval forces led by American Revolutionary hero and later turncoat Benedict Arnold burned Richmond, Virginia (1781). -
Coal and Britain's Naval Power, C. 1870–1914 Steven Gray
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Portsmouth University Research Portal (Pure) Fuelling mobility: coal and Britain’s naval power, c. 1870–1914 Steven Gray, University of Portsmouth Abstract This article considers the introduction of steam powered warships to the Royal Navy to show how oceanic mobility in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was contingent on the global availability, and consequently mobility, of coal. Whilst the introduction of steam technology may have freed warships from the vagaries of wind and tides, the navy was now chained not just to coaling stations, but also to the wider infrastructure which guaranteed coal’s movement to these stations around the globe. Thus, the ability to control both the source of the fuel and its movement was crucial to the mobility of British naval vessels tasked with protecting British interests worldwide, and was, therefore, central to British global power. This article explores how the navy ensured the availability of high quality steam-coal at British overseas stations, analysing the processes involved in sourcing high quality coal for naval ships and its transportation overseas. It also shows how the admiralty sought to make such arrangements more professional, and to guarantee the highest quality of coal at every station. It explores how these changes ensured that the infrastructure remained remarkably robust, despite its complex nature. It then assesses how Britain’s rivals failed to achieve the same control over fuelling in the age of the coal ship, offering Britain a huge advantage in the wider world. -
Islam Battles
Islam Battles # Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Data Source Source 1 Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Key: (1) *** indicates the information on the event from the key (1st) source is scanty. (2) Ifriqiya: This refers to a location in North Africa, Egypt, or Sudan. (3) 'Nalanjar' is corrected to read 'Balanjar', as I determined this to be a keyboard error (N and B are next to each other). (4) The dates that arefrom the original Dr. Warner provided. The new date is because the event is matched but hte sources has a slightly different date for it. 1 624 Badr (Battle of Badr) Mohammed army Vs Meccan http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Muhammed's first victory against the pagans; com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference Meccans & the Quraysh. After they had Muslims win to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, forced him to move to Medina, Europe, and the Americas (Vol 1, 570- Muhammed had relied on charity, and 1500). [Jefferson, N. Carolina, by necessity, he began to raid caravans McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, for booty to support his followers, 1999], 15 while spreading Islam. Islam became an ideal tool to unify his supporters, and also a key necessity for Muhammed to achieve his political ambitions. 2 625 Uhud Mohammed Vs Meccan pagans; http://cspipublishing. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Banu Nadir Jews expelled from Medina; Armstrong, Karen. Islam: A Short Meccans win. com Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference Banu Qaynuqah jews were also expelled History. (New York, The Modern Library to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, (Armstroon, 2002).