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Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location 1 Key: Muhammed's first victory against the Meccans & the . After Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive they had forced him to move to , Muhammed had relied on Mohammed army Vs Meccan pagans; Reference to the Spread of in Asia, , Europe, and the charity, and by necessity, he began to raid caravans for booty to 2 New 624 Badr () Dr. Warner's Library win Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & support his followers, while spreading Islam. Islam became an ideal Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 15 tool to unify his supporters, and also a key necessity for Muhammed to achieve his political ambitions. Armstrong, Karen. Islam: A Short History. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive (New York, The Modern Library [Random Mohammed Vs Meccan pagans; Meccans Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the expelled from Medina; House], 2002), xiii. 3 New 625 Uhud Dr. Warner's Library win. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Banu Qaynuqah jews were also expelled (Armstroon, 2002). [http://www.islamlaws.com/wp- McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 14. content/uploads/2014/10/Islam-A- Short-History-Karen-Armstrong.pdf]

Medinan muslims foiled a Meccan of their city. The Meccans were aided by . 700 mena nd boys of the Jewish tribe of Mohammed Vs Meccan pagans; Muslims Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive were beheaded by Medinan Muslims, as they were Medina under siege; A brief foray occurs but no Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the deemed to have refused to cooperate with Muhammed's defense of 4 New 627-628 Dr. Warner's Library () battle is fought; Meccans retreat, Muslims Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & medina agains the Meccan army. [NB: two other Jewish tribes, the win. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 16. Banu Qaynuqa and Banu Nadir had been expelled from Medina earlier ;https://islamreligionofwar.wordpress.com/1e-genocide-of- banu-qurayza/]

Muhammed conquered & ; Muhammed negotiated a Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive ten-year peace treaty with the Meccan pagans called the Khaybar Oasis/ Fadak Oasis/ Mohammed Vs Meccan pagans; Muslims Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 5 New 628 Dr. Warner's Library 'Hudaybiyah truce', as a result ofMeccan rejection of Islam. Hudaybiyah win. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Muhammed & his converts were assured of paasage to for Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 16. pilgrimage, to the shrine. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Mohammed Vs Meccan pagans; Truce of Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 6 New 629 Mecca/Medina Hudaybiyah broken by allies of the Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Quraysh. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 16. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muhammed's army was defeated by the at Muta, World Heritage Encyclopedia ,s.v. "Battle of Muta Muhammed Vs Byzantines. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 7 147 629 Dr. Warner's Library near the dead sea. This was the first clash between Muslims and the Mu'tah," http://community.worldheritage.org (also 'Mutah') Byzantines win. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Byzantines. /articles/eng/Battle_of_Mu'tah Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 16. Muhammed entered Mecca with a 10, 000 strong army. The Meccans surrendered and Muhammed Vs Meccan pagans & Jews. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive the pagan leaders accepted Islam. An amnesty Meccans surrender, muslims occupy. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 8 New 630 Mecca Dr. Warner's Library was declared, and the Kaaba taken over for from Najran, sign a treaty Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Islam; All the Kaaba idols were destroyed. to accept political control by Muhammed. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 17. Neighbouring pagan tribes came to Medina to surrender to Islam, and to Muhammed's leadership. Akram, A.I., The of : Khalid bin Al-Waleed: His Life and Campaigns. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive eBook (Lahore: Feroze Sons Publishers, 1969), Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the [Appendix B: Note 11: Date of Conquest of 9 148 630 Tabuk ( also 'Tabouk') Muhammed Vs pagan tribes (?) Muslims win. Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Damascus], 351. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 17. http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/Sahaba/Khal id -Ibn-Walids-Seerah en.pdf ( forces of Khalid ibn al- Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias The apostates were roundly defeated, and the final phase was fought Yamama Walid; Caliph - ) Vs Rebel http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 10 New 632 (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the ,"Battle of Yamama", in the "Garden of Death", where 7000 apostates where killed in one (Aqraba plain, ) apostates (led by Muslaima the Liar). The 3896731 http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/3896731 day. apostates were roundly defeated. After previous victories, Khalid ibn al-Walid (for the ) proceeded to fight the apostate tribe, led by a tribal The Ghatfan tribal 'chieftess' Salma {or Umm Zhiml}, was a former 'chieftess' Salma {or Umm Zhiml}. Khalid Rashidun Caliphate ( forces of Khalid ibn al- Akram, A.I., The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin Al-Waleed: His Life captive of Mohammed. Her mother had fought against the Muslims targeted Salma, and killed her in order to Walid) Vs the Ghatfan tribe, an a apostate http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/S Wikipedia- The Free encyclopedia, "Battle of and Campaigns. eBook(Lahore: Feroze Sons Publishers, 1969), pp but was captured and killed in battle. After her mother was killed, demoralize her army). After her death, the 11 New 632 Zafar tribe, whose arny was led by a tribal ahaba/Khalid-Ibn-Walids- Zafar",https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_ 117. http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/Sahaba/Khalid-Ibn-Walids- Salma was taken captive, and Mohamed presented her to his wife rest of her army was slaughtered. After this 'chieftess' Salma {or Umm Zhiml}. Salma Seerah_en.pdf Zafar Seerah_en.pdf as a slave. However, Aisha recognized how unhappy she was, battle, other apostate tribes chose to convert was killed and her army roundly defeated. and set her free, and she returned to her tribe. to Islam, or to be exiled, or death, or capture and enslavement. No other tribes in this region undertook any violence against Islam after this time.

Rashidun Caliphate ( forces of Khalid ibn al- Wikipedia- The Free encyclopedia, "Battle of Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias Walid) Vs Rebel apostates (Tulaiha, a "false http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ Buzakha", 12 New 632 (or 633) Buzakha (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of prophet" {or Tuleiha}). The apostates were 3896601 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Buzakh Buzakha", http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/3896601 roundly defeated. Victor: Caliphate forces. a

Rashidun Caliphate (forces of Khalid ibn al- Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 13 New 632 Ghamra Walid) Vs the remaining army from the (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of 3896610 battle of Buzakha, 20 miles from Buzakha. Ghamra",http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/3896610 Suleman K. (2013). Short Islamic Stories - Enlightening Islamic Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry Rashidun Caliphate ( forces of Khalid ibn al- Kazima (Kazma)/ "Battle of Stories in a Nutshell, "Battle of Kazima", https://shortislamicstories.wordpress. (CARM). "Chronology of Early Islam." This battle was also called the "Chains River 14 149 633 Walid; Caliph - Abu Bakr) Vs Persian army Chains" https://shortislamicstories.wordpress.com/2013/12/02/battle-of- com/2013/12/02/battle-of-kazima/ [Document prepared by Matt Slick] Battle." in kazima/ https://carm.org/chronology-of-early-islam Akram, A.I., The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin Al-Waleed: His Life http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/S 15 150 633 Iraq and Campaigns. eBook (Lahore: Feroze Sons Publishers, 1969), ahaba/Khalid-Ibn-Walids- [Appendix B: Note 11: Date of Conquest of Damascus], 195. Seerah_en.pdf

Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry (CARM). "Chronology of Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry (CARM). "Chronology Muslim forces Vs Persian forces; Muslim Early Islam." [Document prepared Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the of Early Islam." [Document prepared by Matt Slick] 16 151 633 Walaja forces were victorious, led by Khalid ibin al- by Matt Slick] Muslim World, " Islamic Conquest of https://carm.org/chronology-of-early- Walid. https://carm.org/chronology-of-early- Persia:Battle of Walaja", islamhttps://carm.org/chronology-of-early-islam islamhttps://carm.org/chronology-of- http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/3896746. early-islam

Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry (CARM). "Chronology https://carm.org/chronology-of-early- 17 152 633 Ulleis (Ullais) of Early Islam." [Document prepared by Matt Slick] islam https://carm.org/chronology-of-early-islam Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Dictionary of Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Islam: Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Muslim forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 18 153 633 Hira Dr. Warner's Library Philosophies, And Movements, No. 37. (The occupied Hira. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Scarecrow Press, 2001), xxi. [Book: Charlotte Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 19. Mecklenberg Public Library] Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry (CARM). "Chronology https://carm.org/chronology-of-early- 19 154 633 Al Anbar of Early Islam." [Document prepared by Matt Slick] islam https://carm.org/chronology-of-early-islam Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location Nafziger, George F., and Mark W. Walton. Islam at War: A https://libraryoflights.files.wordpress 20 155 633 Ain el Tamr (Ein ul Tamr) History .com/2011/09/islam-at- (Westport: Praeger, 2003), 20. war- george-nafziger.pdf Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry (CARM). "Chronology https://carm.org/chronology-of-early- 21 156 633 Daumat ul Jandal of Early Islam." [Document prepared by Matt Slick] islam https://carm.org/chronology-of-early-islam http://islamicblessings.com/upload/T Akram, A.I. The Muslim Conquest of Persia, A.B. al-Mehri, ed. 22 157 633 Muzayyah he%20Muslim%20Conquest% (Birmimgham: Maktabah Publishers and Distributors, 2009), 15. 20Of%20Persia.pdf Muslims (led by Khalid ibn al-Walid) Vs Christian (led by Rabi'a bin Bujar). World eBook Library, s.v. "Battle of Sanni", [Article reproduced http://www.gutenberg.us/articles/Bat https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Saniyy# 23 158 633 Sanni The Muslims decisively won. The Christians World Heritage Encyclopedia] Article Id:WHEBN0007680322 tle_of_Sanni References Saniyy (See comment) suffered nearly 5,000 fatalities, while the Muslims had minimal losses. Akram, A.I. The Muslim Conquest of Persia . edited by A.B. http://islamicblessings.com/upload/T 24 159 633 Zumail al-Mehri Birmimgham: Maktabah Publishers and Distributors., he%20Muslim%20Conquest% 2009. 20Of%20Persia.pdf Hitti, Philip Khuri.The Origins of the Islamic State: Being a https://ia800204.us.archive.org/24/it Translation from the , Accompanied with Annotations, ems/originsislamics 25 160 634 Dathin Geographic and Historic Notes of the Kitâb Fitûh al-Buldân of al- 00hittgoog/originsislamics00hittgoo Imâm abu-l Abbâs ibn-Jâbir al-Balâdhuri eBook Digitized g.pdf by Google (London, Longmans, 1916), 167. World eBook Library , s.v."Battle of ," [Article reproduced http://www.worldebooklibrary.net/ar from World Heritage Encyclopedia] 26 161 634 Bosra ticles/eng/Battle_ http://www.worldebooklibrary.net/articles/eng/Battle_of_Bosra. of_Bosra Article ID: WHEBN0007598540 Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Caliph Umar "unifies" Arabia progressively. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 27 New 634 Khaybar & Najray Jews from Khaybar forced to ; Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Christians from Najran forced to . McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 21. World eBook Library , s.v."Battle of Qarteen," [Article reproduced from World Heritage Encyclopedia] http://www.worldlibrary.org/articles/ 28 162 634 Qarteen http://www.worldlibrary.org/articles/battle_of_qarteen. Article ID: battle_of_qarteen WHEBN0023336812 Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Dictionary of Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Islam: Histoical Dictionaries of Religions, Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 29 163 634 Ajnadayn Muslims Vs Byzantines;Byzantines defeated. Dr. Warner's Library Philosophies, And Movements, No. 37. (The Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Scarecrow Press, 2001), xxi. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 19. [Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public Library].

Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and : A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Through the Twenty-First Century. Volume 1, Muslims Vs Ghassanids; Ghassanids Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the A-E. Westport: Greenwood, 2007), 636. 30 164 634 Marj-al-Rahit Dr. Warner's Library defeated. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download; Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 19. jsessionid=C82E3FC1C991EFD191713019D8 CE7B9D? doi=10.1.1.691.3942&rep=rep1&type=pdf

World eBook Library , s.v."Battle of Fahl," [Article Sourced from the World Heritage http://www.worldlibrary.org/articles/ The Battle of Fahl is also referred to as 31 165 634 (635) Fahl Encyclopedia]http://www.worldlibrary.org/articles/ battle_of_fahl the Battle of Pella battle of fahl Article ID: WHEBN0010126467. The Encyclopedia of the . Cantor, Akram, A.I., The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin Al-Waleed: His Life http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/S DATE OF BATTLE: 635 A.D. In 650, Norman F., ed.1st Ed., (New York: Viking 32 166 634 Damascus and Campaigns. eBook (Lahore: Feroze Sons Publishers, 1969), ahaba/Khalid-Ibn- Caliph Muawiya () made [Penguin Group], 1999), 142 [Book: Charlotte [Appendix B: Note 11: Date of Conquest of Damascus], 351. Walids-Seerah_en.pdf Damascus his capital. Mecklenberg Public Library] http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/ Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and Sieges : A Guide to 8,500 download;jsessionid=C82E3FC1C9 Battles from Antiquity Through the Twenty-First Century. Volume 9 33 167 634 Firadz(Firaz) Firadz is located in present day Iraq 1 1EFD191713019D8CE7B9D?doi= A–E. Westport: Greenwood, 2007), xxii & 353. 10.1.1.691.3942&rep=rep1&type=p df Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 34 168 634 (?638) Kufa estab'd as a Muslim garrison town. Dr. Warner's Library Kufa was founded as a garrison along the Euphrates River. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 20 & 22. Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Dictionary of Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Islam: Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Marj-al-Suffar Muslim forces victorious led by Khalid ibn al- Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 35 169 635 Dr. Warner's Library Philosophies, and Movements, No. 37. (The (Near Damascus) Walid.*** Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Scarecrow Press, 2001), xxi. [Book: Charlotte Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 21. Mecklenberg Public Library] Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Damascus is occupied under Muslim forces Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 36 New 635 Damascus Dr. Warner's Library The Caliphate is estab. in Damascus. led by Khalid ibn-al-Walid.*** Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 21. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslims Vs ? Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 37 New 635 Gaza Dr. Warner's Library Gaza conquered by Muslims.*** Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 21. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 38 New 635 Buwayb Muslim victory.*** Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 21. Armstrong, Karen. Islam: A Short History. (New Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive York, The Modern Library [Random House], Dictionary of Islam: Historical Qadisiyya Muslim Arabs Vs Persian Sasanid army; Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 2002), 21. (2)Bartlett, W.B. Islam's War Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, 39 170 636 (?637) (or Al Qadisiyyah) [Central Dr. Warner's Library Arabs won. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Against the Crusaders, and Movements, No. 37. (The Scarecrow Iraq] Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 21. eBook Edition (Gloucestershire: The History Press, 2001), xxi. [Text: Charlotte Press, [2008] 2013),19. Mecklenberg Public Library] Bartlett, W.B. Islam's War Against the Crusaders, eBook edition (Gloucestershire: Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive The History Press, [2008] 2013), 12. (Battle of ) Muslims Vs Byzantines;Byzantines defeated. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the https://cmlibrary.bibliocommons.com/item/show 40 171 636 Yarmuk River After this all of Syria was soon conquered by Dr. Warner's Library This battle led to the quick conquest of Syria Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & /1854550106 (or Yarmouk) Muslims. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 21. _islams_war_against_the_crusaders. NOTES:This battle resulted in the conquest of Syria. Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location Iraq (Ctesiphon -or Mada-in, Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Sassanid capital, southwest of Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 41 New 637 falls to the Arabs) Arabs Vs Sassanids; Sassanids defeated. Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Ba'albek, Homs, also fell Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 21. to the Arabs.

Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Dictionary of Islam: Histoical Dictionaries of Religions, Paine, . The [eBook] (Harpenden, Pocket 42 172 637 (?638) ProQuest ebrary Jerusalem Conquered under Caliph Umar Philosophies, And Movements, No. 37. (The Essentials, 2005), 20. Scarecrow Press, 2001), xxi.[Text: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public Library]

Akram, A.I., The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin Al-Waleed: His Life http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/S 43 173 637 Hazir and Campaigns. eBook (Lahore: Feroze Sons Publishers, 1969), ahaba/Khalid-Ibn-Walids- [Appendix B: Note 11: Date of Conquest of Damascus], 324. Seerah_en.pdf http://www.ancient.eu/timeline/alepp 44 174 637 Ancient History Encyclopedia, s.vv. "Aleppo Timeline", 2014. Conquered by Khalid ibn al-Walid o/ Iron Bridge Battle. http://www.ancient.eu/syria/ "In the 7th century CE, Islam began to spread through the region through the Arab Conquests and, in 637 CE, the Muslims defeated Ancient History Encyclopedia , s.vv."Ancient Syria" [Article 45 175 637 Orontes River http://www.ancient.eu/syria/ the armies of the at the Battle of the Iron Bridge contributed by J. Mark], 2014. at the Orontes River in Syria. This proved to be the decisive battle between the Byzantinesand the Muslims and, after the fall and capture of , Syria became absorbed into the Rashidun Caliphate" Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim forces under Caliph Umar conquer Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 46 New 638 Jerusalem J'salem: Jews return after being forced out in Dr. Warner's Library Military under: Caliph Umar Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland 629. & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 22. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim armies advance into Mesop. & Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 47 New 638 /Persia Dr. Warner's Library Persia; Jews assist Muslims invading Persia. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 22. The Arabs advanced deep into Khazaria, aiming to capture Balanjar, the Muslim Arabs Vs ( was the https://bisericasecreta.files.wordpres nearest town. In the great battle in 652, both Koestler, Arthur. : The Khazar Empire and Its 640 Khazars' state religion). The Arabs were s.com/2007/08/koestler-arthur-the- sides used (catapults and ballistae). 48 176 Balanjar Heritage. ISBN 0-394-40284-7. [New York, Random House, 642-652 beaten back in every instance of the first thirteenth-tribe-the-khazar-empire- However the Arabs lost 4,000 men, including {ISBN 0-394-40284-7}. Arab-Khazar war. and-its-heritage.pdf their commander, -Rahman ibn Rabiah, while the rest fled in disorder across the mountains. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 49 New 640 (S'n Iraq) Basra estab'd as a Muslim garrison town. Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 22. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive 1) A Byzantine army was defeated, a fortress at was Muslim army Vs Byzantine forces; Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 50 New 640 Heliopolis Dr. Warner's Library besieged by muslims forces. Byz forces defeated. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland 2) This battle led to the conquest of . & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 23. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 51 New 640 Caesarea Caesarea was captured.*** Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 24. Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry The Arab-Israeli Conflict 1948-1996: Historical Background http://www.ijs.org.au/Historical- (CARM). "Chronology of Early Islam." 52 177 640 conquered [The Destruction of the Temple and the Jewish Dispersion] Background/default.aspx [Document prepared by Matt Slick] https://carm.org/chronology-of-early-islam http://www.radicaltruth.net/uploads/ pubs/ Sell, Canon E., Muslim Conquests in (Madras:The 53 178 641 (or 640) Heliopolis Sell-- Christian Literature Society of , 1914), 7. Muslim%20Conquests%20in%20No rth%20Africa.pdf 54 179 641 Sardinia Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslims Vs Byzantine empire; Amr ibn al- Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 55 New 641 Old (fortress of Babylon) Dr. Warner's Library As captures Old Cairo Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 24. Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Dictionary of Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Cyrus the Patriarch of Alexandria Muslims captured Alexandria for the first time. Islam: Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 56 180 641 (or 642) Alexandria surrendered the city to Muslims; Byantine Dr. Warner's Library In 646, Alexandria was recaptured again bringing Philosophies, And Movements, No. 37. (The Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland army allowed to disembark. it fully and permanently under Islamic rule. Scarecrow Press, 2001), xxi. [Book: Charlotte & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 24. Mecklenberg Public Library] Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Dictionary of Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslims Vs Sasanids (Persian). This battle at Islam: Historical Dictionaries of Religions, The Sassanids (Persians/Iranians) were Niharvand Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 57 181 642 Niharvand completed the conquest of the Dr. Warner's Library The Sasanids were also defeated as Jalula in 642 A.D. Philosophies, And Movements, No. 37. (The defeated by Arab Muslims at Nihawand (also (also Nihawand) Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland Sasanid Empire. Scarecrow Press, 2001), xxi. [Book: Charlotte Nihavand). & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 24. Mecklenberg Public Library] Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive conquered After the conquest of Egypt, Tripoli was Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 58 182 643 Dr. Warner's Library (? conquered) conquered. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 25

Alexandra rebelled upon sigh of a Byzantine Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive A Byzantium fleet tried to recapture the city, aided by a local fleet, but rebellion was short lived; Muslim Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 59 New 644 Alexandria Dr. Warner's Library rebellion. The capture was short-lived. Arab muslims recaptured the Governor Abdalla ibn Saad, foster brother of the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, city. Caliph , recaptured Alexandria. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 26. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Byzantines army under Michael the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 60 New 645 Alexandria ( Delta) Dr. Warner's Library Armenian captured the Nile Delta area. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 26. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Project Gutenberg Self-Publishing Press, s.vv., Byzantine army Vs Muslim Arabs. Byz army Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the "Battle of Nikiou", [Article sourced from http://self.gutenberg.org/articles/Battle_of_Ni 61 183 645 Nikiou captured the delta, but later defeated by Amr Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland World Heritage Encyclopedia] , 2014. Article kiou ibn-al-As at Nikou. & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 26. ID:WHEBN0004246048 Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim governor Abdalla ibn Saad, foster Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 62 New 645 Alexandria brother of Caliph Uthman, recaptured Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Alexandria. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 26. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 63 New 645 Armenia came under the Muslim rule.*** Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 26. Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Alexandria Alexandria is permanently occupied by Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 64 New 646 Dr. Warner's Library (Muslims recapture) Muslims. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 26. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslims Vs Byzantines; Abdallah ibn Saad Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and The first Arab armies arrived in Africa, and defeated a Byzantine 65 New 647 (North Africa) Dr. Warner's Library defeated the Byz forces. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, army at Sbeitla. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 27. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslims Vs Byzantium; Muslim Arab force Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Muslim forces captured , which succeeded because of 66 New 649 Cyprus Dr. Warner's Library from Alexandria conquered Cyprus. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Muslim forces from Alexandria. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 27. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Merv & Sarakhs Conquered by the Muslim governor of Basra, Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 67 New 649 Dr. Warner's Library Military under: Abd Allah ibn Amir (Central Asia, ) Abd Allah in Amir. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 27. A rebellion occurred among soldiers in Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive 651 Khurasan & Kufa, between those who accept Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 68 184 Khurasan (Iraq) Qhurasan Dr. Warner's Library 649 and those who did not accept Uthman's Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & governor. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 27. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim Navy Vs. Byzantines in Cyprus and Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 69 New 653 Cyprus Dr. Warner's Library the surrounding archipelago. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 30. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Muslim forces plundered , an Island 70 New 654 Rhodes Muslim forces plundered the city of Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, belonging to . Rhodes.*** McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 30. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslims Vs Byantines (Commanded by Off the Lycian Coast Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the This was the first major Arab naval victory 71 New 655 Emperor Constans II) First major Arab Dr. Warner's Library (Battle of the Masts) Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & over a Byantine fleet. Muslim naval victory. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 30. World Heritage Encyclopedia , s.vv. "Battle of That al-Sawari," http://worldheritage.org/articles/eng/ 72 185 655 That al Sawari http://worldheritage.org/articles/eng/Battle of That Al-Sawari Battle of That Al-Sawari Eggenberger, . A Dictionary of Battles: Accounts of Over 1,560 Battles from 1479 Muslim civil war; Forces of ibn Talib Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias The Battle of Bassorah/Basra was a Muslim civil war that is also B.C. to the Present. eBook, Rev. Dover (Muhammed's cousin & son-in-law) Vs the (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of referred to as the "" or "Battle of Jamal." Aisha Edition:1985. (New York: Dover, 1967), 73 186 655 (or 656) Bassorah (Basra) Forces of Aisha (widow of Muhammed). Basra/Bassorah", directed the battle from the back of a camel, hence it was named the Undet. Page Aisha's army was defeated. This was one of http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/602930#Preparation_for_battle. "battle of the camel" No.https://cmlibrary.bibliocommons.com/search the earliest Muslim civil wars. ?t=smart&search_category=keyword&q=Eggen berger&commit=Search

Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Dictionary of Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Two muslim factions fighting ended in a Islam: Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 74 187 657 (Battle of ) Siffin stalemate, following the assasination of Dr. Warner's Library Philosophies, and Movements, No. 37. (The Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & caliph Uthman. Scarecrow Press, 2001), xxiii. [Book: Charlotte Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 31. Mecklenberg Public Library] Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Dictionary of Islam: Historical Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg 75 188 659 (or 658) Nahrawan Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements, No. 37. Public Library (The Scarecrow Press, 2001), xxii. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and This year marked the beginning of regular 76 New 668 () Turkey invaded by Arab Muslims. Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, (approx. annual) raids into Turkey by Arabs. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 30. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Arab Egyptian navy attacked and pillaged Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 77 New 668 Dr. Warner's Library Rhodes captured again by Arabs. Sicily. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 34. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Qayrawan in Tunisia estab. As a military base 78 189 670 Tunisia conquered Arabs Vs Byzatines & Berbers Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500). [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & to conquer Africa Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 31-32 & 35. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Barnes, I. and Ruthven, Malise. Crossroads of Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Muslim Arabs cross the Oxus River into in 667 War: A Historical Atlas of the . The Arabs had conquered Transoxiana and 79 190 673 Transoxiana The Muslim Arab invasion starts in 667 A.D. Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500). [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & (Transoxiana is partially Turkish). (Cambridge: Belknap Press of Havard the Indus region by 711. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 31-32 & 35. University Press, 2014), 111. (1)Fregosi, Paul. in the West: Muslim Conquests from the 7th to the 21st Centuries. (Amherst, N.Y.: Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Dictionary of Muslim forces Vs Byzantium; Muslim Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Prometheus Books, 1998), 41. [Book: Islam: Historical Dictionaries of Religions, besiegement starts (668-673); Muslims Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 678 A.D.: Muslims ended their siege, and estab'd a 30-yr peace was contested from 674 Charlotte Mecklenburg Library] 80 191 673 Constantinople Dr. Warner's Library Philosophies, and Movements, No. 37. (The unsuccessful.The first siege of Constantinople Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & (p36). through 679. (2)The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages . Scarecrow Press, 2001), xxiii. [Book: Charlotte failed 673 A.D. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 34-36. Cantor, Norman F., ed.1st Ed., (New Mecklenberg Public Library] York: Viking [Penguin Group], 1999), 134. [Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public Library] (1) Arabs launched the "Seven Years War" Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive against Byzantium. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 81 New 674 Crete Dr. Warner's Library (2) Crete was captured by Arab Muslims in Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & 674 A.D. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 35. 82 192 677 Algeria conquered Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive (1)Byzantine forces Vs Arab Navy fleet. Syllaeum Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 83 New 677 (2)The Arab fleet was defeated, halting Dr. Warner's Library (Europe: Greece) Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Muslim expansion into Europe temporarily. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 36. Ruthven, Malise and Azim Nanji. Historical Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Dictionary of Islam: Historical http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/Islamic Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg Atlas of Islam The Muslim World. eBook ed. 84 193 680 Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements, No. 37. _Books_Megapack/Historical%20Atlas% Public Library (Farmington Hills, Mich: Cartographica (The Scarecrow Press, 2001), xxii. 20of%20the%20Islamic%20World.pdf [Thomson-Gale], 2005), 38. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim Arab forces Vs Byzantine forces. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 85 New 681 Algeria Muslim Arab forces undertook a military Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & campaign. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 37. By 682 A.D., the last Byzantine forces and Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive outposts fell. Muslim forces executed battles Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 86 New 682 North African Coast along the North African coast, resulting in Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & the occupation of Tangiers, Tripoli, and Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 37. Carthage by Muslim forces. Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location Arab forces Vs Kusayla Berber forces. Arabs Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive met Berber resistance in 'Ifriqiya' ( (North Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the After Ifriqiya fell to the Berbers. Qayrawan became the capital of 87 New 683 , Libya Africa, Egypt & Sudan) and were forced to Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & the Berber State retreat to Cyrenaica. Ifriqiya fell to the Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 38. Berbers. Project Gutenberg Self-Publishing Press, s.vv., "Battle of Al http://self.gutenberg.org/articles/Batt 88 194 683 Al Harrah Harrah", [Article sourced from World Heritage Encyclopedia] , le_of_al-Harrah 2014. Article ID:WHEBN0020045177. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim Arab forces Vs Byzantine forces. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Musl. military commndr: al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf 89 New 688 Dr. Warner's Library Oman captured. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, conquered Oman. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 39. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Caliph Abd al-Malik Vs a rebellion led by a Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 90 New 690 Baghdad Dr. Warner's Library This was a failed revolt led by a , . Jew, Obadiah. The rebellion failed. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 39. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim Arab forces (Commanded by Hassan Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Arabs captured the city, but were repulsed by 91 New 691 Carthage, Tunisia ibn al-Numan) Vs Byzantine forces. Carthage Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Byzantine forces. is captured, then retaken by Byzantine forces. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 40. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Cecota, Błażej. "Islam, the Arabs and Umayyad Muslim Arab forces Vs Byzantine forces Sebastopol, Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Rulers According to Theophanes the http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta 92 195 692 (under Emperor Justinian II). At the 'Battle of Dr. Warner's Library Cilicia (Also 'Sebastopolis' the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Confessor’s Chronography." Studia Ceranea 2, 1.element.hdl_11089_4270 Sebastopolis' Byzantine forces defeated. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 40. (2012): 97–111.

Ibn al-Zubair Vs Abd al-Malik. Ibn Zubair was defeated and killed in the battlefield in The Umayyad Caliphate was split in two when Ibn al-Zubair refused Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias 692, ending his long-standing revolt that al- http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ to recognize Caliph Yazid I and declared himself the "righteous 93 New 692 Ibn al-Zubair's revolt (680-692) (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Ibn al-Zubair's Zubair had began after the death of Caliph 1650032 Caliph" of the region, southern Arabia, Iraq, parts of Syria, Revolt" http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/1650032 Muawiyah. Ibn al-Zubair refused to and parts of Egypt. recognize the next Umayyad Caliph Yazid I.

Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Bartlett, W.B. Islam's War Against the Muslim Arabs destroyed Carthage, led by Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Crusaders, eBook edition (Gloucestershire: 94 196 698 697 Carthage Dr. Warner's Library Hasan ibn al-Numan. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, The History Press, [2008] 2013), 25. [eBook: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 41 Charlotte Mecklenberg Library]. Sindh was occupied from 713-715. Islam Deshpande, M. D. 'History of Muslim Attacks on India.' http://historyofmuslimattacks.blogsp 95 197 700 Sind conquered estb'd control in Sindh progressively from Reproduced from " Riots: The True Story" , [Gurgaon, ot.com/2013/02/islam-in-india- 700 - 1853. Partridge Publishers, 2014]. history.html Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim Arab Conquests. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 96 708 Sind & Transoxiana Sind conquered-Lower Indus vallley Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Transoxiana-North East of the Oxus River McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 42 Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim governor of Khorasan, Qutyabah ibn Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Governor Qutaybah constructed a in Bukhara, supplanting a 97 198 707 704 Bukhara conquered Dr. Warner's Library Muslim conquered Bukhara and Samarkand. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Buddhist Temple with this mosque. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 44. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Samarkand, an ancient city in Uzbekistan fell Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and The capture of Samarkand allowed Muslim forces to easier control 98 199 711 712 Samarkand conquered to Arab Muslim forces led by Abu Qasim al- Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, of central Asian regions of Trasoxiana, and Bukhara. Thagafi. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 47. (1)The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages. Cantor, Norman F., ed.1st Ed., (New York: Viking [Penguin Group], 1999), 134. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive [Book:Charlottte Mecklenberg Public Library] http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/Islamic Muslim Arabs, led by Caliph Sulayman, laid Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 99 200 717 Constantinople Dr. Warner's Library (2)Ruthven, Malise and Azim Nanji. Historical _Books_Megapack/Historical%20Atlas% siege to the city. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Atlas of Islam The Muslim World. eBook ed. 20of%20the%20Islamic%20World.pdf McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 50. (Farmington Hills, Mich: Cartographica [Thomson-Gale], 2005), 29 (Map:Expansion of Islam to 750). Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive CEMB Forum (Council of Ex-Muslims of Muslim Arabs & Berbers Vs the Visigoths. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Britain). Chronological . 100 202 711 Muslims landed in from Tangier, Dr. Warner's Library (Seige of Cordoba) the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, https://www.councilofexmuslims.com and captured Cordova and Toledo. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 46. /index.php?topic=22184.0 Christian Visigoth Kingdom ( Roderic) World eBook Library , s.v."Battle of Guadalete" [Article reproduced 711 http://gejl.info/articles/battle_of_gua 101 203 Guadalete (Spain) vs Umayyad Muslim Caliphate. Umayyads from World Heritage Encyclopedia], Article (or 712) dalete won, King Roderic was killed. ID:WHEBN0000163031 Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim led by Musa ibn Nusair Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 102 204 711 712 Dr. Warner's Library captured Seville. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 48. Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and Sieges : A Guide to 8,500 http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/ Battles from Antiquity Through the Twenty-First Century. Volume download;jsessionid= 103 205 711 Merida 1 C82E3FC1C991EFD191713019D8 A–E. Westport: Greenwood, 2007), Westport: Greenwood, 2007), CE7B9D?doi=10.1.1.691.3942& 655. rep=rep1&type=pdf 104 206 711 Seville II Project Gutenberg Self-Publishing Press, s.vv., "Battle of Balanjar 105 207 713 Coimbra (723)", [Article sourced from World Heritage Encyclopedia] , 2014. Article ID:WHEBN0005353415. 106 208 714 107 209 714 Santarem 108 210 714 Zaragoza 109 211 714 Leon 110 212 714 Castille 111 213 714 Oviedo Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 112 New 716 Lisbon Arab Moors captured Lisbon. Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 49. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive A Berber-Arab Muslim army led by Al-Hurr Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 113 New 717 France ibn Abd Al-Rahman al-Thaqafi crossed the Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Pyrenees and raided France. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 50. Arabs Vs Byzantine forces. Arabs defeated 114 New 718 Byzantium by an army led by Leo the Issaurian. 115 214 718 Narbonne, France 116 215 718 Beziers, France 117 216 718 Agde, France 118 217 718 Lodeve, France 119 218 719 Maguleonne, France 120 219 719 Nimes, France Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 121 New 720 Sardinia () Muslim forces invaded Sardinia. Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 51. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 122 New 720-721 Narbonne, France Muslim forces take Narbonne. Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 50. Eggenberger, David. A Dictionary of Battles: Accounts of Over 1,560 Battles from 1479 Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive B.C. to the Present. eBook, Rev. Dover Toulouse is besieged by an Arab-berber Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Edition:1985. (New York: Dover, 1967), 123 221 721 Toulouse (Toulouse I) Dr. Warner's Library Army. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Undet. Page No. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 50-51. [https://cmlibrary.bibliocommons.com/search?t= smart&search_category=keyword&q=Eggenber ger&commit=Search] 124 222 721 Balat, France 125 223 722 Caesarea conquered https://cmlibrary.bibliocommons.co Eggenberger, David. A Dictionary of Battles: Accounts of Over m/search?t=smart&search_category= 126 224 722 (or 718) Covadonga 1,560 Battles from 1479 B.C. to the Present. eBook, Rev. Dover keyword&q=Eggenberger&commit= Edition:1985. (New York: Dover, 1967), Undet. Page No. Search Project Gutenberg Self-Publishing Press, s.vv., "Battle of Balanjar Nalanjar http://self.gutenberg.org/articles/Batt 127 225 723 (723)", [Article sourced from World Heritage Encyclopedia] , 2014. Arab Muslims were victorius against the Khazars. Balanjar le_of_Balanjar_(723) Article ID:WHEBN0005353415. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim Berber-Arab forces conquered Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 128 New 725 Carcasonne,France Dr. Warner's Library Carcasonne. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 51. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 129 New 729 Bhukara Arab forces recaptured Bukhara.*** Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 52. World eBook Library , s.v."Battle of Marj Ardabil" [Article reproduced from World Heritage Encyclopedia] http://worldpubliclibrary.com/article 130 226 730 Marj Ardabil http://worldpubliclibrary.com/articles/Battle_of_Marj_Ardabil s/Battle_of_Marj_Ardabil Article 131 227 730 Gascony Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive The Duke of Aquitane was defeated by the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 132 228 732 Aquitaine, France forces of Abd ar-Rahman as he advanced Dr. Warner's Library See also, 'the Battle of River Garonne/the Battle of Bordeaux, 730.' the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, 730 into the Gaul territory. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 53. Umayyad army (led by the Governor of Al- Andalus, Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi) Vs Garoone Aquitanian forces (led by Duke Odo of Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "Battle of River (Also the Battle of River Aquitaine). The Umayyads won this battle, 133 230 730 Garonne",https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_River_Garonn Garonne OR the Battle of and looted the monasteries of northern e Bordeaux) Aquitaine, before proceeding towards Tours, where the town was said to also have "abundant wealth and treasures." Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias Khazar Khaganate Vs Umayyad Caliphate. http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 134 231 731 Mosul (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World, "Battle of Mosul", This battle was the second Khazar-Arab War. 2654828 http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/2654828 Jaques, Tony. Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Battles and Sieges : A Guide to 8,500 Battles http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download Bordeaux was invaded by Muslim forces led Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and from Antiquity Through the Twenty-First ;jsessionid=C82E3FC1C991EFD191713019 135 229 730 732 Bordeaux, France Dr. Warner's Library by Abd ar-Rahman. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Century. Volume 1, A–E. Westport: D8CE7B9D?doi=10.1.1.691.3942&rep=rep McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 52. Greenwood, 2007), Westport: Greenwood, 1&type=pdf 2007), 153. Khazar forces Vs Muslim Umayyad forces Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias (led by Prince Maslamah ibm Abd al-Malik); (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World, "Khazar- Arab 136 232 732 Balanjar The Muslims were victorious, and advanced Wars:Battle of Balanjar", towards . http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/2655077 Eggenberger, David. A Dictionary of Battles: Accounts of Over 1,560 Battles from 1479 B.C. to the Present. eBook, Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Cook, David. Understanding Jihad European forces (led by Charles Martel) Vs Muslim Moors invaded S'n France with an army of 80,000 men at Rev. Dover Edition:1985. (New York: Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and (Berkeley, University of California Press, 137 233 732 Tours Muslim Moors; Muslim forces (led by Abd ar- Dr. Warner's Library the '', but were defeated, bringing Muslim advance Dover, 1967), Undet. Page No. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, 2005), 209. [eBook: Charlotte Mecklenberg Rahman) were defeated. into Europe to a stop. https://cmlibrary.bibliocommons.com/searc McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 52. Public Library] h?t=smart&search_category =keyword&q=Eggenberger&commit=Sear ch Berger, Maurits S. Brief History of Islam in http://www.ahandfulofleaves.org/doc Europe : Thirteen Centuries of Creed, Muslims Vs Byzantine Christians (Charles Karsh, Efraim. Islamic Imperialism: A History. [New Haven, Yale The defeat of the Muslims was decisive in preventing the spread of 138 234 732 Poitiers uments/Islamic%20Imperialism_A% Conflict and Coexistence (Leiden: Leiden Muslims were defeated. Martel). University Press, 2007], 23. Islam in Europe. 20History_2nd%20Ed_Karsh.pdf University Press, 2014) 58-59. ProQuest eBrary. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim navies raided the coasts of Europe, Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 139 732 Coasts of Europe taking women and men as slaves, who were Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, sold in the markets of . McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 53. Charles Martel Vs Saracens. This was four Wikipedia _ the Free Encyclopedia, "Montfrin", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montfr 140 236 736 Montfrin, France years after the Battle of Tours. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montfrin in Franks (Charles Martel) Vs 'Arabs', resulting Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias 737 http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 141 237 Avignon in the Arabs being expelled from the city of (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World, "Untitled", The city of Avignon was occupied by Arabs in 734. In 736 2500847 Avignon. http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/2500847 Charles Martel's army Vs Arabs : Nimes was Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "Battle of Nimes", 142 New 736 Nimes devasted , and the Arabs were driven to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_N%C3%Aemes Narbonne. 143 238 736 Aries, France See Battle of Nimes. Beziers was destroyed after the Franks (under Charles Martel) failed 144 239 736 Beziers, France https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/736 to capture Narbonne but devastate most of the other settlements.

In 737, Charles Martel succesfully attacked Fregosi, Paul. Jihad in the West: Muslim the Saracen bases north of the Pyrenees, Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Conquests from the 7th to the 21st Centuries. including Narbonne, Beziers, Montpellier, Charles Martel defeated Arab Muslim Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 145 240 737 Narbonne Dr. Warner's Library (Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1998), and Nimes. In 739. Martel successfully forces*** the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, 120. [Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public atacked and captured Marsielle. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 54. Library]. (Charles Martel was a 'Frank' Mayor in King Theuderich IV's ) Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location Baker, Patrick S. "Charles Martel Turns South: The http://digitalcommons.apus.edu/cgi/v 146 241 737 River Berre Hammer’s Campaigns in Southern France 733-737." Saber and iewcontent.cgi?artic Scroll 4, no. 3 (2015): 34-54. le=1163&context=saberandscroll Fregosi, Paul. Jihad in the West: Muslim Conquests from the 7th to Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg 147 242 737 Nimes the 21st Centuries. (Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1998), Public Library 120. Fregosi, Paul. Jihad in the West: Muslim Conquests from the 7th to Charles Martel sent his brother to Avignon, who laid seige Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg 148 243 737 Avignon the 21st Centuries. (Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1998), to Avignon, putting every one of its "Muslim defenders to the Public Library 120. sword." 149 244 739 Galicia Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 150 New 739 Egypt rebelled in Egypt.*** Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 56. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Charles martel requested by to assist Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 151 New 739 Italy/European Papal territories Dr. Warner's Library Lombards and Arab forces.*** the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 56. The Byzantines defeated the Arab Muslims, in a rare victory. http://www.byzantium.xronikon.com 152 245 739 (or 740) Akroinon Byzantine Battles, s.vv., "Battle of Akroinos (Acroinum)" Akroinon or Akroinos in Phrygia, Asia Minor (modern Afyon , /battle.php?byzbat=b8_03 Turkey). A Brief Chronology Of Muslim History, svv. "7th Century (600- http://www.islamicweb.com/history/ 153 246 740 (or 687) Kufa Zaydi Revolt 699) C.E." century7.htm Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Berbers of Spain rebbelled against the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 154 New 740 Spain Dr. Warner's Library Arabs.*** the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 56. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive 27,000 Syrian troops were sent to suppress Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 155 New 741 Ifriqiya revolts. One third of these were then Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, dispatched to Spain. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 56. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive invaded Syria to fight against Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 156 New 745 Syria Dr. Warner's Library Islamic forces.*** the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 57 Muslim Arabs were defeated, and (Constantine V) recaptured Cyprus from Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim Arabs. A large Muslim fleet was lost Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 157 New 746-747 Cyprus Dr. Warner's Library in the battle. This victory assured Christian the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, dominance of the Mediterranean for several McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 58 decades. Eggenberger, David. A Dictionary of Battles: Note: Location is given as Zab al Kabir. Accounts of Over 1,560 Battles from 1479 Online Source: Zab, Iraq Abbasids Vs Umayyads. Umayyads were Historia Rex ,s.vv., "Battle of Zab", http://historiarex.com/e/en/273- http://historiarex.com/e/en/273- 158 247 750 Umayyad Caliphate is overthrown; the Abbasids rise to power.. B.C. to the Present. eBook, Rev. Dover https://cmlibrary.bibliocommons.com/search? (also 'Zab al Kabir') defeated, & subsequently murdered. battle-of-zab-750 battle-of-zab-750 Edition:1985. (New York: Dover, 1967), t=smart&search_category=keyword&q=Egge Undet. Page No. nberger&commit=Search Ruthven, Malise and Azim Nanji. Historical Atlas of Islam The Muslim World. eBook ed. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive (Farmington Hills, Mich: Cartographica Chinese army Vs Arab Muslim army. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and [Thomson-Gale], 2005), 146. 159 248 751 Talas Chinese were defeated, as well as the Turkish Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, [http://ebooks.rahnuma.org Nomads of the Jaxartes River. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 60. /religion/Islamic_Books_Megapack/Historical% 20Atlas%20of%20the%20Islamic%20World.p df] Basque s Vs Arab army sent by the last governor of Al-Andalus Yusuf al Fihri. The Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia," Pamplona", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampl 160 249 755 Pamplona Arabs were defeated, and Pamplona https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamplona ona remained autonomous until 781. The Umayyad prince Abd al-Rahman, previously exiled under the Abbasid Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Corodoba Caliphate, was proclaimed the Emir of Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 161 250 756 Dr. Warner's Library (also Cordoba) Cordoba, as the only Umayyad escapee from the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, the 750 massacre. Cordoba became the McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 61. capital of Moorish Spain. Franks (led by Pepin III) Vs Muslim forces Province of Al-Andalus (led by Yusuf ibn Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Wikipedia- The Free encyclopedia, "Siege of (from Provence). The Moors recaptured Abd al-Rahman & Abd al-Rahman I) & the Narbonne, France Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Narbonne (752–59)", 162 251 759 Narbonne. Dr. Warner's Library Emirate of Cordoba Vs The Franks and the (Seige of Narbonne, 752-759) the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Narbonn In 759, there was an expulsion of Arabs from Septimanian Goths (led by Pepin the Short & McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 62. e_(752%E2%80%9359) Languedoc. Ansemund). The Franks were victorious. 163 252 763 Beja, Portugal 164 253 763 Caramona Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Cyrenaica was annexed into Egyptian Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 165 New 767 Cyrenaica, Libya Dr. Warner's Library territory. There was a Copt rebellion the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 64. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Abbasids Vs Berbers. 90,000 troops sent by Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 166 New 771 Ifriqiya Caliph. Ifriqiya succesfully recaptured from Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, the Berbers. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 65. Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry (CARM). Europeans Vs Spanish Moors.Charlemagne https://carm.org/chronology-of-early- 167 254 777 Saragossa (Zaragoza) "Chronology of Early Islam." [Document prepared by Matt Slick] invaded Spain but was stopped at Saragossa. islam https://carm.org/chronology-of-early-islam Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Byzantines Vs Arab Muslims. Arabs defeated Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 168 New 778 Anatolia (Germanikeia) Dr. Warner's Library at Germanikeia and driven out of Anatolia. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 66. 169 255 779 Zaragoza Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Arabs undertook a brief campaign against the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 170 New 782 Western Asia Dr. Warner's Library Byzantines.*** the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 68. 2 Key: Muhammed's first victory against the Meccans & the Quraysh. After Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive they had forced him to move to Medina, Muhammed had relied on Mohammed army Vs Meccan pagans; Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the charity, and by necessity, he began to raid caravans for booty to 172 New 626 Badr (Battle of Badr) Dr. Warner's Library Muslims win Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & support his followers, while spreading Islam. Islam became an ideal Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 16 tool to unify his supporters, and also a key necessity for Muhammed to achieve his political ambitions. Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location Armstrong, Karen. Islam: A Short History. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive (New York, The Modern Library [Random Mohammed Vs Meccan pagans; Meccans Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Banu Nadir Jews expelled from Medina; House], 2002), xiii. 173 New 627 Uhud Dr. Warner's Library win. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Banu Qaynuqah jews were also expelled (Armstroon, 2002). [http://www.islamlaws.com/wp- McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 14. content/uploads/2014/10/Islam-A- Short-History-Karen-Armstrong.pdf]

Medinan muslims foiled a Meccan siege of their city. The Meccans were aided by Bedouins. 700 mena nd boys of the Jewish tribe of Mohammed Vs Meccan pagans; Muslims Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Banu Qurayza were beheaded by Medinan Muslims, as they were Medina under siege; A brief foray occurs but no Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the deemed to have refused to cooperate with Muhammed's defense of 174 New 627-629 Dr. Warner's Library (Battle of the Trench) battle is fought; Meccans retreat, Muslims Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & medina agains the Meccan army. [NB: two other Jewish tribes, the win. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 16. Banu Qaynuqa and Banu Nadir had been expelled from Medina earlier ;https://islamreligionofwar.wordpress.com/1e-genocide-of- banu-qurayza/]

Muhammed conquered Khaybar & Fadak; Muhammed negotiated a Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive ten-year peace treaty with the Meccan pagans called the Khaybar Oasis/ Fadak Oasis/ Mohammed Vs Meccan pagans; Muslims Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 175 New 632.7142857 Dr. Warner's Library 'Hudaybiyah truce', as a result ofMeccan rejection of Islam. Hudaybiyah win. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Muhammed & his converts were assured of paasage to Mecca for Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 16. pilgrimage, to the Kaaba shrine. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Mohammed Vs Meccan pagans; Truce of Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 176 New 633.3928571 Mecca/Medina Hudaybiyah broken by Bedouin allies of the Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Quraysh. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 16. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muhammed's army was defeated by the Byzantine army at Muta, World Heritage Encyclopedia ,s.v. "Battle of Muta Muhammed Vs Byzantines. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 177 147 634.0714286 Dr. Warner's Library near the dead sea. This was the first clash between Muslims and the Mu'tah," http://community.worldheritage.org (also 'Mutah') Byzantines win. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Byzantines. /articles/eng/Battle_of_Mu'tah Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 16. Muhammed entered Mecca with a 10, 000 strong army. The Meccans surrendered and Muhammed Vs Meccan pagans & Jews. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive the pagan leaders accepted Islam. An amnesty Meccans surrender, muslims occupy. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 178 New 634.75 Mecca Dr. Warner's Library was declared, and the Kaaba taken over for Christians from Najran, Yemen sign a treaty Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Islam; All the Kaaba idols were destroyed. to accept political control by Muhammed. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 17. Neighbouring pagan tribes came to Medina to surrender to Islam, and to Muhammed's leadership. Akram, A.I., The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin Al-Waleed: His Life and Campaigns. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive eBook (Lahore: Feroze Sons Publishers, 1969), Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the [Appendix B: Note 11: Date of Conquest of 179 148 635.4285714 Tabuk ( also 'Tabouk') Muhammed Vs pagan tribes (?) Muslims win. Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Damascus], 351. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 17. http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/Sahaba/Khal id -Ibn-Walids-Seerah_en.pdf Rashidun Caliphate ( forces of Khalid ibn al- Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias The apostates were roundly defeated, and the final phase was fought Yamama Walid; Caliph - Abu Bakr) Vs Rebel http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 180 New 636.1071429 (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of Yamama", in the "Garden of Death", where 7000 apostates where killed in one (Aqraba plain, Saudi Arabia) apostates (led by Muslaima the Liar). The 3896732 http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/3896732 day. apostates were roundly defeated. After previous victories, Khalid ibn al-Walid (for the Rashidun Caliphate) proceeded to fight the apostate tribe, led by a tribal The Ghatfan tribal 'chieftess' Salma {or Umm Zhiml}, was a former 'chieftess' Salma {or Umm Zhiml}. Khalid Rashidun Caliphate ( forces of Khalid ibn al- Akram, A.I., The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin Al-Waleed: His Life captive of Mohammed. Her mother had fought against the Muslims targeted Salma, and killed her in order to Walid) Vs the Ghatfan tribe, an a apostate http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/S Wikipedia- The Free encyclopedia, "Battle of and Campaigns. eBook(Lahore: Feroze Sons Publishers, 1969), pp but was captured and killed in battle. After her mother was killed, demoralize her army). After her death, the 181 New 636.7857143 Zafar tribe, whose arny was led by a tribal ahaba/Khalid-Ibn-Walids- Zafar",https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_ 117. http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/Sahaba/Khalid-Ibn-Walids- Salma was taken captive, and Mohamed presented her to his wife rest of her army was slaughtered. After this 'chieftess' Salma {or Umm Zhiml}. Salma Seerah_en.pdf Zafar Seerah_en.pdf Aisha as a slave. However, Aisha recognized how unhappy she was, battle, other apostate tribes chose to convert was killed and her army roundly defeated. and set her free, and she returned to her tribe. to Islam, or to be exiled, or death, or capture and enslavement. No other tribes in this region undertook any violence against Islam after this time.

Rashidun Caliphate ( forces of Khalid ibn al- Wikipedia- The Free encyclopedia, "Battle of Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias Walid) Vs Rebel apostates (Tulaiha, a "false http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ Buzakha", 182 New 633 (or 633) Buzakha (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of prophet" {or Tuleiha}). The apostates were 3896619 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Buzakh Buzakha", http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/3896602 roundly defeated. Victor: Caliphate forces. a

Rashidun Caliphate (forces of Khalid ibn al- Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 183 New 634.1503268 Ghamra Walid) Vs the remaining army from the (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of 3896628 battle of Buzakha, 20 miles from Buzakha. Ghamra",http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/3896611 Suleman K. (2013). Short Islamic Stories - Enlightening Islamic Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry Rashidun Caliphate ( forces of Khalid ibn al- Kazima (Kazma)/ "Battle of Stories in a Nutshell, "Battle of Kazima", https://shortislamicstories.wordpress. (CARM). "Chronology of Early Islam." This battle was also called the "Chains River 184 162 634.2421741 Walid; Caliph - Abu Bakr) Vs Persian army Chains" https://shortislamicstories.wordpress.com/2013/12/02/battle-of- com/2013/12/02/battle-of-kazima/ [Document prepared by Matt Slick] Battle." in Iraq kazima/ https://carm.org/chronology-of-early-islam Akram, A.I., The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin Al-Waleed: His Life http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/S 185 163 634.3340213 Iraq and Campaigns. eBook (Lahore: Feroze Sons Publishers, 1969), ahaba/Khalid-Ibn-Walids- [Appendix B: Note 11: Date of Conquest of Damascus], 195. Seerah_en.pdf

Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry (CARM). "Chronology of Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry (CARM). "Chronology Muslim forces Vs Persian forces; Muslim Early Islam." [Document prepared Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the of Early Islam." [Document prepared by Matt Slick] 186 164 634.4258686 Walaja forces were victorious, led by Khalid ibin al- by Matt Slick] Muslim World, " Islamic Conquest of https://carm.org/chronology-of-early- Walid. https://carm.org/chronology-of-early- Persia:Battle of Walaja", islamhttps://carm.org/chronology-of-early-islam islamhttps://carm.org/chronology-of- http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/3896746. early-islam

Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry (CARM). "Chronology https://carm.org/chronology-of-early- 187 165 634.5177159 Ulleis (Ullais) of Early Islam." [Document prepared by Matt Slick] islam https://carm.org/chronology-of-early-islam Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Dictionary of Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Islam: Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Muslim forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 188 166 634.6095631 Hira Dr. Warner's Library Philosophies, And Movements, No. 37. (The occupied Hira. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Scarecrow Press, 2001), xxi. [Book: Charlotte Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 19. Mecklenberg Public Library] Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry (CARM). "Chronology https://carm.org/chronology-of-early- 189 167 634.7014104 Al Anbar of Early Islam." [Document prepared by Matt Slick] islam https://carm.org/chronology-of-early-islam Nafziger, George F., and Mark W. Walton. Islam at War: A https://libraryoflights.files.wordpress 190 168 634.7932577 Ain el Tamr (Ein ul Tamr) History .com/2011/09/islam-at- (Westport: Praeger, 2003), 20. war- george-nafziger.pdf Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry (CARM). "Chronology https://carm.org/chronology-of-early- 191 169 634.8851049 Daumat ul Jandal of Early Islam." [Document prepared by Matt Slick] islam https://carm.org/chronology-of-early-islam Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location http://islamicblessings.com/upload/T Akram, A.I. The Muslim Conquest of Persia, A.B. al-Mehri, ed. 192 170 634.9769522 Muzayyah he%20Muslim%20Conquest% (Birmimgham: Maktabah Publishers and Distributors, 2009), 15. 20Of%20Persia.pdf Muslims (led by Khalid ibn al-Walid) Vs Christian Arabs (led by Rabi'a bin Bujar). World eBook Library, s.v. "Battle of Sanni", [Article reproduced http://www.gutenberg.us/articles/Bat https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Saniyy# 193 171 635.0687994 Sanni The Muslims decisively won. The Christians World Heritage Encyclopedia] Article Id:WHEBN0007680322 tle_of_Sanni References Saniyy (See comment) suffered nearly 5,000 fatalities, while the Muslims had minimal losses. Akram, A.I. The Muslim Conquest of Persia . edited by A.B. http://islamicblessings.com/upload/T 194 172 635.1606467 Zumail al-Mehri Birmimgham: Maktabah Publishers and Distributors., he%20Muslim%20Conquest% 2009. 20Of%20Persia.pdf Hitti, Philip Khuri.The Origins of the Islamic State: Being a https://ia800204.us.archive.org/24/it Translation from the Arabic, Accompanied with Annotations, ems/originsislamics 195 173 635.252494 Dathin Geographic and Historic Notes of the Kitâb Fitûh al-Buldân of al- 00hittgoog/originsislamics00hittgoo Imâm abu-l Abbâs Ahmad ibn-Jâbir al-Balâdhuri eBook Digitized g.pdf by Google (London, Longmans, 1916), 167. World eBook Library , s.v."," [Article reproduced http://www.worldebooklibrary.net/ar from World Heritage Encyclopedia] 196 174 635.3443412 Bosra ticles/eng/Battle_ http://www.worldebooklibrary.net/articles/eng/Battle_of_Bosra. of_Bosra Article ID: WHEBN0007598541 Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Caliph Umar "unifies" Arabia progressively. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 197 New 635.4361885 Khaybar & Najray Jews from Khaybar forced to Jericho; Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Christians from Najran forced to Syria. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 21. World eBook Library , s.v."Battle of Qarteen," [Article reproduced from World Heritage Encyclopedia] http://www.worldlibrary.org/articles/ 198 170 635.5280358 Qarteen http://www.worldlibrary.org/articles/battle_of_qarteen. Article ID: battle_of_qarteen WHEBN0023336813 Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Dictionary of Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Islam: Histoical Dictionaries of Religions, Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 199 171 635.619883 Ajnadayn Muslims Vs Byzantines;Byzantines defeated. Dr. Warner's Library Philosophies, And Movements, No. 37. (The Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Scarecrow Press, 2001), xxi. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 19. [Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public Library].

Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and Sieges : A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Through the Twenty-First Century. Volume 1, Muslims Vs Ghassanids; Ghassanids Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the A-E. Westport: Greenwood, 2007), 636. 200 172 635.7117303 Marj-al-Rahit Dr. Warner's Library defeated. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download; Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 19. jsessionid=C82E3FC1C991EFD191713019D8 CE7B9D? doi=10.1.1.691.3942&rep=rep1&type=pdf

World eBook Library , s.v."Battle of Fahl," [Article Sourced from the World Heritage http://www.worldlibrary.org/articles/ The Battle of Fahl is also referred to as 201 173 635 (635) Fahl Encyclopedia]http://www.worldlibrary.org/articles/ battle_of_fahl the Battle of Pella battle of fahl Article ID: WHEBN0010126467. The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages . Cantor, Akram, A.I., The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin Al-Waleed: His Life http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/S DATE OF BATTLE: 635 A.D. In 650, Norman F., ed.1st Ed., (New York: Viking 202 174 634 Damascus and Campaigns. eBook (Lahore: Feroze Sons Publishers, 1969), ahaba/Khalid-Ibn- Caliph Muawiya (Umayyad caliphate) made [Penguin Group], 1999), 142 [Book: Charlotte [Appendix B: Note 11: Date of Conquest of Damascus], 351. Walids-Seerah_en.pdf Damascus his capital. Mecklenberg Public Library] http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/ Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and Sieges : A Guide to 8,500 download;jsessionid=C82E3FC1C9 Battles from Antiquity Through the Twenty-First Century. Volume 9 203 175 634 Firadz(Firaz) Firadz is located in present day Iraq 1 1EFD191713019D8CE7B9D?doi= A–E. Westport: Greenwood, 2007), xxii & 353. 10.1.1.691.3942&rep=rep1&type=p df Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 204 176 635 (?638) Kufa Kufa estab'd as a Muslim garrison town. Dr. Warner's Library Kufa was founded as a garrison along the Euphrates River. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 20 & 22. Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Dictionary of Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Islam: Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Marj-al-Suffar Muslim forces victorious led by Khalid ibn al- Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 205 177 635 Dr. Warner's Library Philosophies, and Movements, No. 37. (The (Near Damascus) Walid.*** Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Scarecrow Press, 2001), xxi. [Book: Charlotte Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 21. Mecklenberg Public Library] Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Damascus is occupied under Muslim forces Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 206 New 635 Damascus Dr. Warner's Library The Caliphate is estab. in Damascus. led by Khalid ibn-al-Walid.*** Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 21. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslims Vs ? Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 207 New 635 Gaza Dr. Warner's Library Gaza conquered by Muslims.*** Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 21. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 208 New 635 Buwayb Muslim victory.*** Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 21. Armstrong, Karen. Islam: A Short History. (New Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive York, The Modern Library [Random House], Dictionary of Islam: Historical Qadisiyya Muslim Arabs Vs Persian Sasanid army; Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 2002), 21. (2)Bartlett, W.B. Islam's War Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, 209 172 637 (?637) (or Al Qadisiyyah) [Central Dr. Warner's Library Arabs won. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Against the Crusaders, and Movements, No. 37. (The Scarecrow Iraq] Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 21. eBook Edition (Gloucestershire: The History Press, 2001), xxi. [Text: Charlotte Press, [2008] 2013),19. Mecklenberg Public Library] Bartlett, W.B. Islam's War Against the Crusaders, eBook edition (Gloucestershire: Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive The History Press, [2008] 2013), 12. (Battle of ) Muslims Vs Byzantines;Byzantines defeated. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the https://cmlibrary.bibliocommons.com/item/show 210 173 638 Yarmuk River After this all of Syria was soon conquered by Dr. Warner's Library This battle led to the quick conquest of Syria Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & /1854550106 (or Yarmouk) Muslims. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 21. _islams_war_against_the_crusaders. NOTES:This battle resulted in the conquest of Syria. Iraq (Ctesiphon -or Mada-in, Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Sassanid capital, southwest of Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 211 New 639 Baghdad falls to the Arabs) Arabs Vs Sassanids; Sassanids defeated. Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Ba'albek, Homs, Hama also fell Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 21. to the Arabs. Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Dictionary of Islam: Histoical Dictionaries of Religions, Paine, Michael. The Crusades [eBook] (Harpenden, Pocket 212 176 638 (?638) Jerusalem ProQuest ebrary Jerusalem Conquered under Caliph Umar Philosophies, And Movements, No. 37. (The Essentials, 2005), 20. Scarecrow Press, 2001), xxi.[Text: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public Library]

Akram, A.I., The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin Al-Waleed: His Life http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/S 213 177 638.3 Hazir and Campaigns. eBook (Lahore: Feroze Sons Publishers, 1969), ahaba/Khalid-Ibn-Walids- [Appendix B: Note 11: Date of Conquest of Damascus], 324. Seerah_en.pdf http://www.ancient.eu/timeline/alepp 214 178 638.6 Aleppo Ancient History Encyclopedia, s.vv. "Aleppo Timeline", 2014. Conquered by Khalid ibn al-Walid o/ Iron Bridge Battle. http://www.ancient.eu/syria/ "In the 7th century CE, Islam began to spread through the region through the Arab Conquests and, in 637 CE, the Muslims defeated Ancient History Encyclopedia , s.vv."Ancient Syria" [Article 215 179 638.9 Orontes River http://www.ancient.eu/syria/ the armies of the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of the Iron Bridge contributed by Joshua J. Mark], 2014. at the Orontes River in Syria. This proved to be the decisive battle between the Byzantinesand the Muslims and, after the fall and capture of Antioch, Syria became absorbed into the Rashidun Caliphate" Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim forces under Caliph Umar conquer Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 216 New 639.2 Jerusalem J'salem: Jews return after being forced out in Dr. Warner's Library Military under: Caliph Umar Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland 629. & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 22. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim armies advance into Mesop. & Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 217 New 639.5 Mesopotamia/Persia Dr. Warner's Library Persia; Jews assist Muslims invading Persia. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 22. The Arabs advanced deep into Khazaria, aiming to capture Balanjar, the Muslim Arabs Vs Khazars (Judaism was the https://bisericasecreta.files.wordpres nearest town. In the great battle in 652, both Koestler, Arthur. The Thirteenth Tribe: The Khazar Empire and Its 640 Khazars' state religion). The Arabs were s.com/2007/08/koestler-arthur-the- sides used artillery (catapults and ballistae). 218 177 Balanjar Heritage. ISBN 0-394-40284-7. [New York, Random House, 642-653 beaten back in every instance of the first thirteenth-tribe-the-khazar-empire- However the Arabs lost 4,000 men, including {ISBN 0-394-40284-7}. Arab-Khazar war. and-its-heritage.pdf their commander, Abdal-Rahman ibn Rabiah, while the rest fled in disorder across the mountains. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 219 New 640 Basra (S'n Iraq) Basra estab'd as a Muslim garrison town. Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 22. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive 1) A Byzantine army was defeated, a fortress at Babylon was Muslim army Vs Byzantine forces; Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 220 New 640 Heliopolis Dr. Warner's Library besieged by muslims forces. Byz forces defeated. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland 2) This battle led to the conquest of Egypt. & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 23. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 221 New 640 Caesarea Caesarea was captured.*** Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 24. Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry The Arab-Israeli Conflict 1948-1996: Historical Background http://www.ijs.org.au/Historical- (CARM). "Chronology of Early Islam." 222 180 640 Palestine conquered [The Destruction of the Temple and the Jewish Dispersion] Background/default.aspx [Document prepared by Matt Slick] https://carm.org/chronology-of-early-islam http://www.radicaltruth.net/uploads/ pubs/ Sell, Canon E., Muslim Conquests in North Africa (Madras:The 223 181 642 (or 640) Heliopolis Sell-- Christian Literature Society of India, 1914), 7. Muslim%20Conquests%20in%20No rth%20Africa.pdf 224 182 641 Sardinia Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslims Vs Byzantine empire; Amr ibn al- Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 225 New 641 Old Cairo (fortress of Babylon) Dr. Warner's Library As captures Old Cairo Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 24. Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Dictionary of Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Cyrus the Patriarch of Alexandria Muslims captured Alexandria for the first time. Islam: Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 226 183 642 (or 642) Alexandria surrendered the city to Muslims; Byantine Dr. Warner's Library In 646, Alexandria was recaptured again bringing Philosophies, And Movements, No. 37. (The Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland army allowed to disembark. it fully and permanently under Islamic rule. Scarecrow Press, 2001), xxi. [Book: Charlotte & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 24. Mecklenberg Public Library] Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Dictionary of Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslims Vs Sasanids (Persian). This battle at Islam: Historical Dictionaries of Religions, The Sassanids (Persians/Iranians) were Niharvand Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 227 184 649.2727273 Niharvand completed the conquest of the Dr. Warner's Library The Sasanids were also defeated as Jalula in 642 A.D. Philosophies, And Movements, No. 37. (The defeated by Arab Muslims at Nihawand (also (also Nihawand) Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland Sasanid Empire. Scarecrow Press, 2001), xxi. [Book: Charlotte Nihavand). & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 24. Mecklenberg Public Library] Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Tripoli conquered After the conquest of Egypt, Tripoli was Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 228 185 649.9090909 Dr. Warner's Library (?Libya conquered) conquered. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 26

Alexandra rebelled upon sigh of a Byzantine Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive A Byzantium fleet tried to recapture the city, aided by a local fleet, but rebellion was short lived; Muslim Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 229 New 650.5454545 Alexandria Dr. Warner's Library rebellion. The capture was short-lived. Arab muslims recaptured the Governor Abdalla ibn Saad, foster brother of the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, city. Caliph Uthman, recaptured Alexandria. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 26. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Byzantines army under Michael the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 230 New 651.1818182 Alexandria (Nile Delta) Dr. Warner's Library Armenian captured the Nile Delta area. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 26. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Project Gutenberg Self-Publishing Press, s.vv., Byzantine army Vs Muslim Arabs. Byz army Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the "Battle of Nikiou", [Article sourced from http://self.gutenberg.org/articles/Battle_of_Ni 231 183 651.8181818 Nikiou captured the delta, but later defeated by Amr Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland World Heritage Encyclopedia] , 2014. Article kiou ibn-al-As at Nikou. & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 26. ID:WHEBN0004246049 Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim governor Abdalla ibn Saad, foster Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 232 New 652.4545455 Alexandria brother of Caliph Uthman, recaptured Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Alexandria. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 26. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 233 New 653.0909091 Armenia Armenia came under the Muslim rule.*** Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 26. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Alexandria Alexandria is permanently occupied by Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 234 New 653.7272727 Dr. Warner's Library (Muslims recapture) Muslims. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 26. Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslims Vs Byzantines; Abdallah ibn Saad Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and The first Arab armies arrived in Africa, and defeated a Byzantine 235 New 654.3636364 Sbeitla (North Africa) Dr. Warner's Library defeated the Byz forces. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, army at Sbeitla. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 27. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslims Vs Byzantium; Muslim Arab force Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Muslim forces captured Cyprus, which succeeded because of 236 New 655 Cyprus Dr. Warner's Library from Alexandria conquered Cyprus. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Muslim forces from Alexandria. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 27. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Merv & Sarakhs Conquered by the Muslim governor of Basra, Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 237 New 655.6363636 Dr. Warner's Library Military under: Abd Allah ibn Amir (Central Asia, Turkmenistan) Abd Allah in Amir. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 27. A rebellion occurred among soldiers in Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive 652 Khurasan & Kufa, between those who accept Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 238 185 Khurasan (Iraq) Qhurasan Dr. Warner's Library 649 and those who did not accept Uthman's Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & governor. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 27. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim Navy Vs. Byzantines in Cyprus and Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 239 New 656 Cyprus Dr. Warner's Library the surrounding archipelago. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 30. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Muslim forces plundered Rhodes, an Island 240 New 656.7 Rhodes Muslim forces plundered the city of Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, belonging to Greece. Rhodes.*** McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 30. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslims Vs Byantines (Commanded by Off the Lycian Coast Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the This was the first major Arab naval victory 241 New 657.4 Emperor Constans II) First major Arab Dr. Warner's Library (Battle of the Masts) Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & over a Byantine fleet. Muslim naval victory. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 30. World Heritage Encyclopedia , s.vv. "Battle of That al-Sawari," http://worldheritage.org/articles/eng/ 242 189 658.1 That al Sawari http://worldheritage.org/articles/eng/Battle of That Al-Sawari Battle of That Al-Sawari Eggenberger, David. A Dictionary of Battles: Accounts of Over 1,560 Battles from 1479 Muslim civil war; Forces of Ali ibn Talib Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias The Battle of Bassorah/Basra was a Muslim civil war that is also B.C. to the Present. eBook, Rev. Dover (Muhammed's cousin & son-in-law) Vs the (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of referred to as the "Battle of the Camel" or "Battle of Jamal." Aisha Edition:1985. (New York: Dover, 1967), 243 190 656 (or 656) Bassorah (Basra) Forces of Aisha (widow of Muhammed). Basra/Bassorah", directed the battle from the back of a camel, hence it was named the Undet. Page Aisha's army was defeated. This was one of http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/602930#Preparation_for_battle. "battle of the camel" No.https://cmlibrary.bibliocommons.com/search the earliest Muslim civil wars. ?t=smart&search_category=keyword&q=Eggen berger&commit=Search

Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Dictionary of Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Two muslim factions fighting ended in a Islam: Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 244 191 657 (Battle of ) Siffin stalemate, following the assasination of Dr. Warner's Library Philosophies, and Movements, No. 37. (The Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & caliph Uthman. Scarecrow Press, 2001), xxiii. [Book: Charlotte Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 31. Mecklenberg Public Library] Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Dictionary of Islam: Historical Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg 245 192 660 (or 658) Nahrawan Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements, No. 37. Public Library (The Scarecrow Press, 2001), xxii. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and This year marked the beginning of regular 246 New 694.5424837 Anatolia (Turkey) Turkey invaded by Arab Muslims. Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, (approx. annual) raids into Turkey by Arabs. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 30. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Arab Egyptian navy attacked and pillaged Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 247 New 696.0615755 Sicily Dr. Warner's Library Rhodes captured again by Arabs. Sicily. Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 34. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Qayrawan in Tunisia estab. As a military base 248 192 697.5806674 Tunisia conquered Arabs Vs Byzatines & Berbers Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500). [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & to conquer Africa Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 31-32 & 35. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Barnes, I. and Ruthven, Malise. Crossroads of Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Muslim Arabs cross the Oxus River into Transoxiana in 667 War: A Historical Atlas of the Middle East. The Arabs had conquered Transoxiana and 249 193 699.0997592 Transoxiana The Muslim Arab invasion starts in 667 A.D. Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500). [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & (Transoxiana is partially Turkish). (Cambridge: Belknap Press of Havard the Indus region by 711. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 31-32 & 35. University Press, 2014), 111. (1)Fregosi, Paul. Jihad in the West: Muslim Conquests from the 7th to the 21st Centuries. (Amherst, N.Y.: Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Dictionary of Muslim forces Vs Byzantium; Muslim Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Prometheus Books, 1998), 41. [Book: Islam: Historical Dictionaries of Religions, besiegement starts (668-673); Muslims Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 679 A.D.: Muslims ended their siege, and estab'd a 30-yr peace Constantinople was contested from 674 Charlotte Mecklenburg Library] 250 194 700.618851 Constantinople Dr. Warner's Library Philosophies, and Movements, No. 37. (The unsuccessful.The first siege of Constantinople Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & (p36). through 679. (2)The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages . Scarecrow Press, 2001), xxiii. [Book: Charlotte failed 673 A.D. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 34-36. Cantor, Norman F., ed.1st Ed., (New Mecklenberg Public Library] York: Viking [Penguin Group], 1999), 134. [Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public Library] (1) Arabs launched the "Seven Years War" Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive against Byzantium. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 251 New 702.1379429 Crete Dr. Warner's Library (2) Crete was captured by Arab Muslims in Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & 674 A.D. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 35. 252 192 703.6570347 Algeria conquered Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive (1)Byzantine forces Vs Arab Navy fleet. Syllaeum Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 253 New 705.1761266 (2)The Arab fleet was defeated, halting Dr. Warner's Library (Europe: Greece) Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Muslim expansion into Europe temporarily. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 36. Ruthven, Malise and Azim Nanji. Historical Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Dictionary of Islam: Historical http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/Islamic Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg Atlas of Islam The Muslim World. eBook ed. 254 193 706.6952184 Karbala Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements, No. 37. _Books_Megapack/Historical%20Atlas% Public Library (Farmington Hills, Mich: Cartographica (The Scarecrow Press, 2001), xxii. 20of%20the%20Islamic%20World.pdf [Thomson-Gale], 2005), 38. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim Arab forces Vs Byzantine forces. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 255 New 708.2143103 Algeria Muslim Arab forces undertook a military Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & campaign. Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 37. By 682 A.D., the last Byzantine forces and Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive outposts fell. Muslim forces executed battles Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the 256 New 709.7334021 North African Coast along the North African coast, resulting in Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & the occupation of Tangiers, Tripoli, and Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 37. Carthage by Muslim forces. Arab forces Vs Kusayla Berber forces. Arabs Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive met Berber resistance in 'Ifriqiya' ( (North Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the After Ifriqiya fell to the Berbers. Qayrawan became the capital of 257 New 711.252494 Cyrenaica, Libya Africa, Egypt & Sudan) and were forced to Dr. Warner's Library Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & the Berber State retreat to Cyrenaica. Ifriqiya fell to the Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 38. Berbers. Project Gutenberg Self-Publishing Press, s.vv., "Battle of Al http://self.gutenberg.org/articles/Batt 258 194 712.7715858 Al Harrah Harrah", [Article sourced from World Heritage Encyclopedia] , le_of_al-Harrah 2014. Article ID:WHEBN0020045177. Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim Arab forces Vs Byzantine forces. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Musl. military commndr: al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf 259 New 714.2906777 Oman Dr. Warner's Library Oman captured. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, conquered Oman. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 39. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Caliph Abd al-Malik Vs a rebellion led by a Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 260 New 715.8097695 Baghdad Dr. Warner's Library This was a failed revolt led by a Jew, Obadiah. Jew, Obadiah. The rebellion failed. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 39. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim Arab forces (Commanded by Hassan Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Arabs captured the city, but were repulsed by 261 New 717.3288614 Carthage, Tunisia ibn al-Numan) Vs Byzantine forces. Carthage Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Byzantine forces. is captured, then retaken by Byzantine forces. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 40. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Cecota, Błażej. "Islam, the Arabs and Umayyad Muslim Arab forces Vs Byzantine forces Sebastopol, Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Rulers According to Theophanes the http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta 262 195 718.8479532 (under Emperor Justinian II). At the 'Battle of Dr. Warner's Library Cilicia (Also 'Sebastopolis' the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Confessor’s Chronography." Studia Ceranea 2, 1.element.hdl_11089_4271 Sebastopolis' Byzantine forces defeated. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 40. (2012): 97–111.

Ibn al-Zubair Vs Abd al-Malik. Ibn Zubair was defeated and killed in the battlefield in The Umayyad Caliphate was split in two when Ibn al-Zubair refused Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias 692, ending his long-standing revolt that al- http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ to recognize Caliph Yazid I and declared himself the "righteous 263 New 720.3670451 Ibn al-Zubair's revolt (680-692) (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Ibn al-Zubair's Zubair had began after the death of Caliph 1650033 Caliph" of the Hejaz region, southern Arabia, Iraq, parts of Syria, Revolt" http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/1650033 Muawiyah. Ibn al-Zubair refused to and parts of Egypt. recognize the next Umayyad Caliph Yazid I.

Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Bartlett, W.B. Islam's War Against the Muslim Arabs destroyed Carthage, led by Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Crusaders, eBook edition (Gloucestershire: 264 214.1272071 699 697 Carthage Dr. Warner's Library Hasan ibn al-Numan. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, The History Press, [2008] 2013), 25. [eBook: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 42 Charlotte Mecklenberg Library]. Sindh was occupied from 713-715. Islam Deshpande, M. D. 'History of Muslim Attacks on India.' http://historyofmuslimattacks.blogsp 265 215.1605136 716 Sind conquered estb'd control in Sindh progressively from Reproduced from "Gujarat Riots: The True Story" , [Gurgaon, ot.com/2013/02/islam-in-india- 700 - 1853. Partridge Publishers, 2014]. history.html Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim Arab Conquests. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 266 216.1938202 724 Sind & Transoxiana Sind conquered-Lower Indus vallley Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Transoxiana-North East of the Oxus River McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 43 Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim governor of Khorasan, Qutyabah ibn Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Governor Qutaybah constructed a mosque in Bukhara, supplanting a 267 217.2271268 708 704 Bukhara conquered Dr. Warner's Library Muslim conquered Bukhara and Samarkand. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Buddhist Temple with this mosque. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 44. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Samarkand, an ancient city in Uzbekistan fell Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and The capture of Samarkand allowed Muslim forces to easier control 268 218.2604334 712 712 Samarkand conquered to Arab Muslim forces led by Abu Qasim al- Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, of central Asian regions of Trasoxiana, Balkh and Bukhara. Thagafi. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 47. (1)The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages. Cantor, Norman F., ed.1st Ed., (New York: Viking [Penguin Group], 1999), 134. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive [Book:Charlottte Mecklenberg Public Library] http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/Islamic Muslim Arabs, led by Caliph Sulayman, laid Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 269 219.29374 705 Constantinople Dr. Warner's Library (2)Ruthven, Malise and Azim Nanji. Historical _Books_Megapack/Historical%20Atlas% siege to the city. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Atlas of Islam The Muslim World. eBook ed. 20of%20the%20Islamic%20World.pdf McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 50. (Farmington Hills, Mich: Cartographica [Thomson-Gale], 2005), 29 (Map:Expansion of Islam to 750). Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive CEMB Forum (Council of Ex-Muslims of Muslim Arabs & Berbers Vs the Visigoths. Spain Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Britain). Chronological History of Islam. 270 220.3270465 699 Muslims landed in Gibraltar from Tangier, Dr. Warner's Library (Seige of Cordoba) the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, https://www.councilofexmuslims.com and captured Cordova and Toledo. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 46. /index.php?topic=22184.1 Christian Visigoth Kingdom (King Roderic) World eBook Library , s.v."Battle of Guadalete" [Article reproduced 712 http://gejl.info/articles/battle_of_gua 271 221.3603531 Guadalete (Spain) vs Umayyad Muslim Caliphate. Umayyads from World Heritage Encyclopedia], Article (or 712) dalete won, King Roderic was killed. ID:WHEBN0000163032 Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim Moors led by Musa ibn Nusair Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 272 222.3936597 712 712 Seville Dr. Warner's Library captured Seville. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 48. Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and Sieges : A Guide to 8,500 http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/ Battles from Antiquity Through the Twenty-First Century. Volume download;jsessionid= 273 223.4269663 720.5263158 Merida 1 C82E3FC1C991EFD191713019D8 A–E. Westport: Greenwood, 2007), Westport: Greenwood, 2007), CE7B9D?doi=10.1.1.691.3942& 655. rep=rep1&type=pdf 274 224.4602729 721 Seville II Project Gutenberg Self-Publishing Press, s.vv., "Battle of Balanjar 275 225.4935795 721.4736842 Coimbra (723)", [Article sourced from World Heritage Encyclopedia] , 2014. Article ID:WHEBN0005353415. 276 226.526886 721.9473684 Murcia 277 227.5601926 722.4210526 Santarem 278 228.5934992 722.8947368 Zaragoza 279 229.6268058 723.3684211 Leon 280 230.6601124 723.8421053 Castille 281 231.6934189 724.3157895 Oviedo Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 282 New 724.7894737 Lisbon Arab Moors captured Lisbon. Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 49. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive A Berber-Arab Muslim army led by Al-Hurr Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 283 New 725.2631579 France ibn Abd Al-Rahman al-Thaqafi crossed the Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Pyrenees and raided France. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 50. Arabs Vs Byzantine forces. Arabs defeated 284 New 725.7368421 Byzantium by an army led by Leo the Issaurian. 285 220 726.2105263 Narbonne, France 286 221 726.6842105 Beziers, France 287 222 727.1578947 Agde, France 288 223 727.6315789 Lodeve, France 289 224 728.1052632 Maguleonne, France 290 225 728.5789474 Nimes, France Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 291 New 729.0526316 Sardinia (Italy) Muslim forces invaded Sardinia. Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 51. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 292 New 720-722 Narbonne, France Muslim forces take Narbonne. Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 50. Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location Eggenberger, David. A Dictionary of Battles: Accounts of Over 1,560 Battles from 1479 Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive B.C. to the Present. eBook, Rev. Dover Toulouse is besieged by an Arab-berber Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Edition:1985. (New York: Dover, 1967), 293 226 722.3333333 Toulouse (Toulouse I) Dr. Warner's Library Army. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Undet. Page No. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 50-51. [https://cmlibrary.bibliocommons.com/search?t= smart&search_category=keyword&q=Eggenber ger&commit=Search] 294 227 722.8333333 Balat, France 295 228 723.3333333 Caesarea conquered https://cmlibrary.bibliocommons.co Eggenberger, David. A Dictionary of Battles: Accounts of Over m/search?t=smart&search_category= 296 229 723 (or 718) Covadonga 1,560 Battles from 1479 B.C. to the Present. eBook, Rev. Dover keyword&q=Eggenberger&commit= Edition:1985. (New York: Dover, 1967), Undet. Page No. Search Project Gutenberg Self-Publishing Press, s.vv., "Battle of Balanjar Nalanjar http://self.gutenberg.org/articles/Batt 297 230 733.1 (723)", [Article sourced from World Heritage Encyclopedia] , 2014. Arab Muslims were victorius against the Khazars. Balanjar le_of_Balanjar_(723) Article ID:WHEBN0005353415. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim Berber-Arab forces conquered Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 298 New 735 Carcasonne,France Dr. Warner's Library Carcasonne. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 51. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 299 New 736.9 Bhukara Arab forces recaptured Bukhara.*** Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 52. World eBook Library , s.v."Battle of Marj Ardabil" [Article reproduced from World Heritage Encyclopedia] http://worldpubliclibrary.com/article 300 237.842216 738.8 Marj Ardabil http://worldpubliclibrary.com/articles/Battle_of_Marj_Ardabil s/Battle_of_Marj_Ardabil Article 301 238.8190743 740.7 Gascony Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive The Duke of Aquitane was defeated by the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 302 239.7959327 732 Aquitaine, France forces of Abd ar-Rahman as he advanced Dr. Warner's Library See also, 'the Battle of River Garonne/the Battle of Bordeaux, 730.' the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, 731 into the Gaul territory. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 53. Umayyad army (led by the Governor of Al- Andalus, Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi) Vs Garoone Aquitanian forces (led by Duke Odo of Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "Battle of River (Also the Battle of River Aquitaine). The Umayyads won this battle, 303 240.772791 732 Garonne",https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_River_Garonn Garonne OR the Battle of and looted the monasteries of northern e Bordeaux) Aquitaine, before proceeding towards Tours, where the town was said to also have "abundant wealth and treasures." Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias Khazar Khaganate Vs Umayyad Caliphate. http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 304 241.7496494 733 Mosul (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World, "Battle of Mosul", This battle was the second Khazar-Arab War. 2654829 http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/2654829 Jaques, Tony. Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Battles and Sieges : A Guide to 8,500 Battles http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download Bordeaux was invaded by Muslim forces led Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and from Antiquity Through the Twenty-First ;jsessionid=C82E3FC1C991EFD191713019 305 242.7265077 731 732 Bordeaux, France Dr. Warner's Library by Abd ar-Rahman. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Century. Volume 1, A–E. Westport: D8CE7B9D?doi=10.1.1.691.3942&rep=rep McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 52. Greenwood, 2007), Westport: Greenwood, 1&type=pdf 2007), 153. Khazar forces Vs Muslim Umayyad forces Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias (led by Prince Maslamah ibm Abd al-Malik); (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World, "Khazar- Arab 306 243.7033661 735.2 Balanjar The Muslims were victorious, and advanced Wars:Battle of Balanjar", towards Samandar. http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/2655078 Eggenberger, David. A Dictionary of Battles: Accounts of Over 1,560 Battles from 1479 B.C. to the Present. eBook, Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Cook, David. Understanding Jihad European forces (led by Charles Martel) Vs Muslim Moors invaded S'n France with an army of 80,000 men at Rev. Dover Edition:1985. (New York: Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and (Berkeley, University of California Press, 307 244.6802244 736 Tours Muslim Moors; Muslim forces (led by Abd ar- Dr. Warner's Library the 'Battle of Tours', but were defeated, bringing Muslim advance Dover, 1967), Undet. Page No. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, 2005), 209. [eBook: Charlotte Mecklenberg Rahman) were defeated. into Europe to a stop. https://cmlibrary.bibliocommons.com/searc McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 52. Public Library] h?t=smart&search_category =keyword&q=Eggenberger&commit=Sear ch Berger, Maurits S. Brief History of Islam in http://www.ahandfulofleaves.org/doc Europe : Thirteen Centuries of Creed, Muslims Vs Byzantine Christians (Charles Karsh, Efraim. Islamic Imperialism: A History. [New Haven, Yale The defeat of the Muslims was decisive in preventing the spread of 308 245.6570827 736.8 Poitiers uments/Islamic%20Imperialism_A% Conflict and Coexistence (Leiden: Leiden Muslims were defeated. Martel). University Press, 2007], 23. Islam in Europe. 20History_2nd%20Ed_Karsh.pdf University Press, 2014) 58-59. ProQuest eBrary. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim navies raided the coasts of Europe, Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 309 246.6339411 737.6 Coasts of Europe taking women and men as slaves, who were Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, sold in the markets of Venice. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 53. Charles Martel Vs Saracens. This was four Wikipedia _ the Free Encyclopedia, "Montfrin", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montfr 310 247.6107994 738.4 Montfrin, France years after the Battle of Tours. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montfrin in Franks (Charles Martel) Vs 'Arabs', resulting Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias 737 http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 311 248.5876578 Avignon in the Arabs being expelled from the city of (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World, "Untitled", The city of Avignon was occupied by Arabs in 734. In 737 2500848 Avignon. http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/2500848 Charles Martel's army Vs Arabs : Nimes was Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "Battle of Nimes", 312 New 739.4 Nimes devasted , and the Arabs were driven to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_N%C3%Aemes Narbonne. 313 245 739.7818182 Aries, France See Battle of Nimes. Beziers was destroyed after the Franks (under Charles Martel) failed 314 246 740.1636364 Beziers, France https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/737 to capture Narbonne but devastate most of the other settlements.

In 737, Charles Martel succesfully attacked Fregosi, Paul. Jihad in the West: Muslim the Saracen bases north of the Pyrenees, Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Conquests from the 7th to the 21st Centuries. including Narbonne, Beziers, Montpellier, Charles Martel defeated Arab Muslim Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 315 247 740.5454545 Narbonne Dr. Warner's Library (Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1998), and Nimes. In 739. Martel successfully forces*** the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, 120. [Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public atacked and captured Marsielle. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 54. Library]. (Charles Martel was a 'Frank' Mayor in King Theuderich IV's palace)

Baker, Patrick S. "Charles Martel Turns South: The http://digitalcommons.apus.edu/cgi/v 316 248 740.9272727 River Berre Hammer’s Campaigns in Southern France 733-737." Saber and iewcontent.cgi?artic Scroll 4, no. 3 (2015): 34-54. le=1163&context=saberandscroll Fregosi, Paul. Jihad in the West: Muslim Conquests from the 7th to Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg 317 249 741.3090909 Nimes the 21st Centuries. (Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1998), Public Library 120. Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location Fregosi, Paul. Jihad in the West: Muslim Conquests from the 7th to Charles Martel sent his brother to Avignon, who laid seige Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg 318 250 741.6909091 Avignon the 21st Centuries. (Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1998), to Avignon, putting every one of its "Muslim defenders to the Public Library 120. sword." 319 251 742.0727273 Galicia Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 320 New 742.4545455 Egypt Copts rebelled in Egypt.*** Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 56. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Charles martel requested by Pope to assist Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 321 New 742.8363636 Italy/European Papal territories Dr. Warner's Library Lombards and Arab forces.*** the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 56. The Byzantines defeated the Arab Muslims, in a rare victory. http://www.byzantium.xronikon.com 322 247 740 (or 740) Akroinon Byzantine Battles, s.vv., "Battle of Akroinos (Acroinum)" Akroinon or Akroinos in Phrygia, Asia Minor (modern Afyon , /battle.php?byzbat=b8_04 Turkey). A Brief Chronology Of Muslim History, svv. "7th Century (600- http://www.islamicweb.com/history/ 323 248 741 (or 687) Kufa Zaydi Revolt 699) C.E." century7.htm Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Berbers of Spain rebbelled against the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 324 New 747 Spain Dr. Warner's Library Arabs.*** the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 56. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive 27,000 Syrian troops were sent to suppress Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 325 New 749.5 Ifriqiya revolts. One third of these were then Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, dispatched to Spain. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 56. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Constantine V invaded Syria to fight against Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 326 New 752 Syria Dr. Warner's Library Islamic forces.*** the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 59 Muslim Arabs were defeated, and (Constantine V) recaptured Cyprus from Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim Arabs. A large Muslim fleet was lost Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 327 New 746-748 Cyprus Dr. Warner's Library in the battle. This victory assured Christian the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, dominance of the Mediterranean for several McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 60 decades. Eggenberger, David. A Dictionary of Battles: Note: Location is given as Zab al Kabir. Accounts of Over 1,560 Battles from 1479 Online Source: Zab, Iraq Abbasids Vs Umayyads. Umayyads were Historia Rex ,s.vv., "Battle of Zab", http://historiarex.com/e/en/273- http://historiarex.com/e/en/273- 328 254 785.2692308 Umayyad Caliphate is overthrown; the Abbasids rise to power.. B.C. to the Present. eBook, Rev. Dover https://cmlibrary.bibliocommons.com/search? (also 'Zab al Kabir') defeated, & subsequently murdered. battle-of-zab-751 battle-of-zab-751 Edition:1985. (New York: Dover, 1967), t=smart&search_category=keyword&q=Egge Undet. Page No. nberger&commit=Search Ruthven, Malise and Azim Nanji. Historical Atlas of Islam The Muslim World. eBook ed. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive (Farmington Hills, Mich: Cartographica Chinese army Vs Arab Muslim army. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and [Thomson-Gale], 2005), 146. 329 255 788.0989011 Talas Chinese were defeated, as well as the Turkish Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, [http://ebooks.rahnuma.org Nomads of the Jaxartes River. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 60. /religion/Islamic_Books_Megapack/Historical% 20Atlas%20of%20the%20Islamic%20World.p df] Basque s Vs Arab army sent by the last governor of Al-Andalus Yusuf al Fihri. The Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia," Pamplona", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampl 330 256 790.9285714 Pamplona Arabs were defeated, and Pamplona https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamplona ona remained autonomous until 781. The Umayyad prince Abd al-Rahman, previously exiled under the Abbasid Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Corodoba Caliphate, was proclaimed the Emir of Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 331 257 793.7582418 Dr. Warner's Library (also Cordoba) Cordoba, as the only Umayyad escapee from the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, the 750 massacre. Cordoba became the McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 61. capital of Moorish Spain. Franks (led by Pepin III) Vs Muslim forces Province of Al-Andalus (led by Yusuf ibn Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Wikipedia- The Free encyclopedia, "Siege of (from Provence). The Moors recaptured Abd al-Rahman & Abd al-Rahman I) & the Narbonne, France Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Narbonne (752–59)", 332 258 796.5879121 Narbonne. Dr. Warner's Library Emirate of Cordoba Vs The Franks and the (Seige of Narbonne, 752-759) the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Narbonn In 759, there was an expulsion of Arabs from Septimanian Goths (led by Pepin the Short & McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 62. e_(752%E2%80%9359) Languedoc. Ansemund). The Franks were victorious. 333 259 799.4175824 Beja, Portugal 334 260 802.2472527 Caramona Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Cyrenaica was annexed into Egyptian Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 335 New 805.0769231 Cyrenaica, Libya Dr. Warner's Library territory. There was a Copt rebellion the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 64. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Abbasids Vs Berbers. 90,000 troops sent by Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 336 New 807.9065934 Ifriqiya Caliph. Ifriqiya succesfully recaptured from Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, the Berbers. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 65. Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry (CARM). Europeans Vs Spanish Moors.Charlemagne https://carm.org/chronology-of-early- 337 254 810.7362637 Saragossa (Zaragoza) "Chronology of Early Islam." [Document prepared by Matt Slick] invaded Spain but was stopped at Saragossa. islam https://carm.org/chronology-of-early-islam Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Byzantines Vs Arab Muslims. Arabs defeated Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 338 New 813.5659341 Anatolia (Germanikeia) Dr. Warner's Library at Germanikeia and driven out of Anatolia. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 66. 339 255 816.3956044 Zaragoza Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Arabs undertook a brief campaign against the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 340 New 819.2252747 Western Asia Dr. Warner's Library Byzantines.*** the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 68.

Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and Sieges : A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity Fried, Johannes. The Middle Ages [Das Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Through the Twenty-First Century. Volume 1, Mittelalter, 3rd Edition, 2009] . Spanish Christians (under King Alfonso VI of Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and doi=10.1.1.691.3942&rep=rep1&ty A-E. Westport: Greenwood, 2007), 1023. Translated by Peter Lewis. First ed. 341 351 1085 Toledo Castile) Vs Moors. Moors were defeated. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, pe=pdf http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;js (Cambridge, Harvard University Press, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 150. essionid=C82E3FC1C991EFD191713019D8C 2015), 186. [Book: Charlotte E7B9D?doi=10.1.1.691.3942&rep=rep1&type Mecklenberg Public Library] =pdf

Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslims (led by Ibn Tashfin) Vs Christian Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 342 353 1086 Sagrajas/al-Zallaqah (Spain) Dr. Warner's Library forces. The Christians were defeated. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 150. 343 354 1094 Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Western Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 344 New 1096 The first crusade began (1096-1099) Dr. Warner's Library Asia the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 155. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 345 New 1097 Western Asia Nicaea & Konya Crusaders captured Nicaes & Konya Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 155. Byzantines (led by emperor Manuel I Komenos) Vs Seljuk Turks (led by the Sultanate of Rum). The Seljuks were Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 346 355 1097 Myriokephalon victorious, albeit that it was a defensive, (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of Crusade 153717 strategic victory. The battle was an Myriokephalon",http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/153717 unsuccessful effort to recover inner Anatolia from the Seljuk Turks. Asbridge, Thomas S. The Crusades: The Authoritative History of Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg 347 356 1097 Dorylaeum the War for the . 1 ed. New York: HarperCollins, 2010), Crusade Public Library 685. [Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public Library]. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Crusaders capture Antioch after a long seige. Paine, Michael. The Crusades [eBook] 1097 (or Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 348 357 Antioch The Turks attacked after the recapture but Dr. Warner's Library Crusade (Harpenden, Olcastle Books: Pocket Essentials, 1098) the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, were defeated. 2005), 41. [ProQuest eBrary]. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 156. The Crusaders recaptured Jerusalem after a Crusade. Fried, Johannes. The Middle Ages [Das Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive six-week war.The region was divided into In 1098, Jerusalem was beseiged by the Fatimids. After Jerusalem Paine, Michael. The Crusades [eBook] Mittelalter, 3rd Edition, 2009] . Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 349 358 1099 Jerusalem four "Latin states", including , Dr. Warner's Library was recaptured by the Crusaders, the region was divided into four (Harpenden, Olcastle Books: Pocket Essentials, Translated by Peter Lewis. First ed. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Antioch, Tripoli, and the Kingdom of "Latin states", including Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli, and the Kingdom 2005), 46. [ProQuest ebrary] (Cambridge, Harvard University Press, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 156. Jerusalem. of Jerusalem. 2015), 186. The Franks Vs Fatimids near the fortress of Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Ascalon. The Muslims were defeated and Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 350 359 1099 Ascalon Dr. Warner's Library Crusade dispersed before they could wage a serious the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, attack. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 156. Christians (Led by King Baldwin I Kingdom Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ Crusade 351 360 1101 Ramia of Jerusalem) Vs the Fatimids of Egypt ( (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of Ramia", 1509118 (Two other battles were fought in Ramia in 1102 & 1105) under Saad el-Dawleh's command) http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/1509118 352 361 1101 Arcos The Franks Vs the Banu Ammar Emirs of Tripoli (vassal of the Fatimid caliphs of Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Cairo). The Chrisitian crusaders army of Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Encyclopedias (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the 353 362 1102 - 1109 Tripoli Dr. Warner's Library Crusade Raymond laid siege to Tripoli, and were the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Muslim World,"", eventually victorious and were able to McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 159. http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/1710372 establish a Christian City state in Tripoli. Baldwin I & Bohemond of Eddessa Vs Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Asbridge, Thomas S. The Crusades: The Mawdud of Mosul & Diyar Bakr (the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Authoritative History of the 354 363 1104 Harran Dr. Warner's Library Crusade Defensive Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public Library Artuqites). The Christian were defeated at the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, War for the Holy Land. 1 ed. New York: Harran. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 159. HarperCollins, 2010), 685. Crusader forces (led by Tancred, Prince of Galillee) Vs the Seljuk Turks (led by Fakhr Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias Crusade. The city was was divided among the Frank nobles, and al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo). The Crusaders http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 355 364 1105 Artah (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of Artah", proceeded to capture several of the Mediterranean coastal cities, defeated the Turks, and Prince Tancred 1502688 http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/1502688 including Sidon in 1111 and Tyre in 1124. expanded his conquests to the east of the Orontes River. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Castillians Vs Almoravids. Castillians were Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 356 365 1108 Ucles Dr. Warner's Library defeated. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 159. Seljuk Turks (Army led by Bursuq bin Bursuq of Hamadan) Vs Christians (Principality fo Antioch, Edessa County). Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias The Christian army was led by Prince Roger http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 357 366 1115 Sarmin (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of Sarmin", Crusade Defensive of Salerno, and gained victory aided 1518030 http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/1518030 paricularly by taking the opposing army by surprise,spying , and reinforcements from King Baldwin I of Jerusalem.

The Principality of Antioch (led by Roger of Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias Crusade Defensive Salerno" Vs Muslims Ortoqids of Aleppo http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 358 367 1119 Ager Sanguinis (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of Ager This battle was also known as the "Battle of the Field of Blood" or (Syria) (forces led by Ilghazi of Mardin). The 161550 Sanguinis", http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/161550 the "Battle of Sarmada." Muslims defeated the Crusaders.

Kingdom of Georgis Vs Seljuq Turks (coalition). The battle resulted in a vistory Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 359 368 1121 Didgori for King David IV of Georgia, and the (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of Didgori", 777607 reconquest of Tbilisi from the Muslims, http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/777607 which became the royal capital. (Principality of Antioch) Vs Seljuq Turks. The Crusaders Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias were victorious, even though their army was http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 360 369 1125 (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"", Crusade Defensive outnumbered. King Baldwin II led this battle 226483 http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/226483 allowing the Crusaders to regain the influence they had previously lost. Crusaders (led by King Baldwin II of Jerusalem) Vs the Seljuk Emirate of Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 361 370 1126 Marj es Suffar Damascus. The Crusaders succeeded, but (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of Marj es Crusade Defensive 1516148 were unable to capture Damascus, which was Suffar", http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/1516148 a key goal of this battle. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive A Portuguese army led by Alfonso Henriques Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 362 371 1139 Ourique Dr. Warner's Library Vs Moors. Moors are defeated. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 160. 363 372 1143 Arcos Crusaders Vs. Muslims (led by Imad al-Din Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Paine, Michael. The Crusades [eBook] Zangi). Edessa was taken from the Crusaders Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 364 373 1144 Edessa Dr. Warner's Library Crusade Defensive (Harpenden, Olcastle Books: Pocket Essentials, leading to the call for another crusade (2nd the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, 2005), 40 & 135. [ProQuest eBrary] Crusade). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 171. 365 374 1145 The taifa of Jaen was established by the Moors in 1145, and it lasted until 1168. Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia, "Taifa of Jaen", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_ 366 375 1145 Jaen The taifa included Muslims, Jews, and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_of_Ja%C3%A9n of_Ja%C3%A9n Christians. Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias This was a battle. This battle was critical to the wider Lisbon Moors Vs Christians (Alfonso I of Portugal). http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 367 376 1147 (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World," ", Reconquista, and was one of the only Christian victories of the the () The Portuguese defeated the Moors. 953320 http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/953320 second crusade. Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location Two Vs Muslims (led by Mas'ud I), Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive were each defeated. King Louis VII of France The German and French forces failed to 2nd CRUSADE Dorylaeum & Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 368 377 1147 was defeated at Laodicaea, and Emperor Dr. Warner's Library Crusade cooperate, and thus the 2nd crusade was Laodicaea (Asia Minor) the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Conrad III of Germany was defeated at rendered unsuccessful McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 172. Dorylaeum). 1147 (or The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages . Cantor, Norman F., ed.1st Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg 369 378 Lisbon Recon 1048) Ed., (New York: Viking [Penguin Group], 1999), 358. Public Library Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Almeria was siezed by a combined force Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 370 379 1147 Almeria from Castile, Aragon, Pisa, and Genoa, led Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, by Alfonso VII of Castile. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 172. Asbridge, Thomas S. The Crusades: The Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Authoritative History of the War for the Holy The second crusade was stopped at Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 371 380 1148 Damascus Dr. Warner's Library Failed crusade battle. Land. 1 ed. New York: HarperCollins, 2010), Damascus. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, 685. [Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 172. Library] Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Mercenaries recaptured for the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 372 New 1149 Corfu (Europe) Dr. Warner's Library Byzantines. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 173. Asbridge, Thomas S. The Crusades: The Authoritative History of the Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg 373 381 1149 Inab Crusade War for the Holy Land. 1 ed. New York: HarperCollins, 2010), Public Library 685. 374 382 1150 Carmona This taifa was established by the Moors in 1009, after the Caliphate of Cordoba Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia, "Taifa of Badajoz", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_ 375 383 1150 Badajoz fragmented. It was conqured by the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_of_Badajoz of_Badajoz Almohads in 1150. 376 384 1151 Guadix Asbridge, Thomas S. The Crusades: The Islamic Fatimids Vs Christians (Baldwin III) Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Authoritative History of the War for the Holy Ascalon/Ashkelon The Christians captured Ascalon from the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 377 385 1153 Dr. Warner's Library Crusade Land. 1 ed. New York: HarperCollins, 2010), (A port city in Palestine) Fatimids, but at the end of the second the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, 685. [Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public crusade, Ascalon was recaptured. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 174. Library]. Asbridge, Thomas S. The Crusades: The Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Almaric I (Successor to Baldwin III, his Authoritative History of the War for the Holy Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 378 386 1164 Harim brother) conceded in Bilbao, and harim was Dr. Warner's Library Crusade Defensive Land. 1 ed. New York: HarperCollins, 2010), the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, taken by Nur al-Din (Muslims). 685. [Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 177. Library]. Christian (led by Amalric King of Jerusalem) Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 379 387 1167 Al Babein Vs the Zengids of Syria. The battle resulted (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of al- Crusade Defensive 1522417 in a draw. Babein", http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/1522417 Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Abu Ya'qub Vs Ibn Mardanish (Spanish: Rey Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 380 388 1172 Murcia Dr. Warner's Library Lobo). Ibn Mardanish was defeated. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 180. Byzantine Empire (led by Manuel I Komnenos ) Vs the Seljuk Turks (Kilij Arslan II). The Seljuq Turks were victorious, Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 381 389 1176 Myriokephalon and this battle became the final yet (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of 153717 unsuccessful effort by the Byzantine forces to Myriokephalon", http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/153717 recapture the interior of Anatolia (Turkey) from the Seljuq Turks. Asbridge, Thomas S. The Crusades: The Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Authoritative History of the War for the Holy Saladin Vs Baldwin IV of Jerusalem. Saladin Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 382 390 1177 Mont Gisard/ Mont Giscard Dr. Warner's Library Crusade Defensive Land . 1 ed. New York: HarperCollins, 2010), was defeated at Mont Giscard/Ramleh. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, 685. [Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 182. Library]. Kingdom of Jerusalem (led by King Baldwin Crusade Defensive. This battle consisted of a seige the Castle of IV) Vs the Sultan of Egypt, Saladin and a Chastellet at 's ford, which was in the process of construction to large Muslim force. The Muslim army, led Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ protect Jerusalem from a Northern invasion. Many scholars blame 383 391 1179 Jacob's Ford by Saladin defeated the Crusaders and (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of Jacob's 1502518 the takeover of the Jerusalem in 1187, on this Muslim victory at killed 700 knights, architects, and Ford", http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/1502518 Jacob's Ford in 1179, after almost 100 years of Christian rule of the construction workers, and 800 others were Holy City. taken captive. Saladinn (Muslims) Vs Christian crusaders (King Baldwin IV, and Raynald of Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_ 384 392 1183 Kerak Chatillon). The Christian crusaders won the "Siege of Kerak" Crusade Defensive of_Kerak battle, as the Mulism withdrew for strategic https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Kerak reasons. Kingdoms of Portugal & Leon (Alfonso I of Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia ,"Siege of Ptgl & Ferdinand II of Leon) Vs the Almohad Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Santarem (1184)", 385 New 1184 Santarem Empire (led by Aby Yaqub Yusuf). A siege Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Santar% was laid against Santarem ,which failed, and McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 184. C3%A9m_(1184) the Christian forces won a decisive victory.

Muslims (led by Al-Afdal ibn al-din) Vs Christian crusaders (Templars, Hospitalers, and other crusader entities). The Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia Crusade Defensive. This clash of armies was a prelude to the "Battle Christians were greatly outnumbered and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_ 386 393 1187 Cresson "Battle of Kerak" of Hattin", where Christians were soundly defeated and Jerusalem were defeated and only a few fighters of_Cresson https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cresson was captured by the Muslims. survived. The Christian leaders were disunirted and fighting among themselves during the course of this battle. The Middle Ages: An Encyclopdia for Crusade Defensive Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Students (Vol. 2). William Chester , CrusadersVs Salah al-Din. The Crusaders Paine, Michael. The Crusades [eBook] (Christians defeated, Jerusalem Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Ed., for the American Council of Learned 387 394 1187 Hattin/'Hittin' were defeated at the Battle of the Dr. Warner's Library (Harpenden, Oldcastle Books: Pocket captured.Battle of "Hittin", was fought at the the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Societies (New York, Charles Scribner's Hittin/Battle of the Horn of Hittin Essentials, 2005), 136.[ProQuest eBrary]. foot of a hill called Qurun Hittin [the Horns McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 185. Sons [Simon & Schuster Macmillan], of Hittin]) 1996), 216. Asbridge, Thomas S. The Crusades: The Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Paine, Michael. The Crusades [eBook] Saladin Vs Crusaders. Saladin recaptured Authoritative History of the War for the Holy Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Jerusalem was recaptured from the crusaders by Sultan Saladin, (Harpenden, Oldcastle Books: Pocket 388 395 1187 Jerusalem conquered Jerusalem, provoking the call for a 3rd Dr. Warner's Library Land. 1 ed. New York: HarperCollins, 2010), the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, provoking the 3rd crusade. Essentials, 2005), 136. [Source: Online crusade. 686. [Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 185. ProQuest ebrary] Library] Asbridge, Thomas S. The Crusades: The Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Acre under Seige by the Crusaders. The Authoritative History of the War for the Holy Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Crusade Defensive; Siege laid by Guy of 389 396 1189 Acre/'Akka' Seige continued for two years until the city Dr. Warner's Library Land. 1 ed. New York: HarperCollins, 2010), the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Lusignan was captured in 1191. 686. [Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 187. Library]. Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Richard I, King of England, embarked on the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 390 New 1191 3rd CRUSADE Dr. Warner's Library 3rd crusade. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 187. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Europeans Vs Muslims. Europeans recaptured Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Richard I, King of England joined the seige of Acre when he began 391 New 1191 Acre/Akko (a port city) Dr. Warner's Library Acre in 1191. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, the 3rd crusade, and played a major role in capturing Acre. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 186. Asbridge, Thomas S. The Crusades: The Saladin Vs Christians (led by Richard I, King Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Authoritative History of the War for the Holy of England). Saladin was defeated. Richard Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 392 397 1191 Arsuf Dr. Warner's Library Crusade Defensive Land. 1 ed. New York: HarperCollins, 2010), then led the crusaders within a few miles of the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, 686. [Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public Jerusalem. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 187. Library]. 1191:Europeans Vs Muslims. Europeans Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Paine, Michael. The Crusades [eBook] 1191 to recaptured Jaffa. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 393 398 Jaffa Dr. Warner's Library Crusade Defensive (Harpenden, Oldcastle Books: Pocket 1192 1192:'Richard the Lionheart' defeated Salah the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Essentials, 2005), 136. [ProQuest eBrary] al-Din at Jaffa. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 186-7. Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and Sieges : A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Through the Twenty-First Century. Westport: Ya'qub Vs Christian Castillians. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Greenwood, 2007), 19. 394 399 1195 Alarcos/'al-Arak' Dr. Warner's Library The Christians were defeated. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;js McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 187. essionid=C82E3FC1C 991EFD191713019D8CE7B9D?doi=10.1.1.69 1.3942&rep=rep1&type=pdf The 4th crusade was underway from 1202- Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive 1204. The crusade was concluded with the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 395 New 1202 4th CRUSADE Dr. Warner's Library conquest of Constantinople by the Latin the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Christians. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 193. Kingdom of Georgia Vs the Seljuq Sultanate of Rüm (Sultan: Rukn ad-Din Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 396 400 1203 Basian Süleymanshah II). The Christians were (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of Basian", 746397 victorious, allowing Georgia to safeguard it's http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/746397 southwestern region. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Byzantium was captured by the Crusaders, Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 397 New 1204 Byzantium Dr. Warner's Library who then established a Latin empire. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 195. 1. Constantinople was conquered by the Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Crusaders. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 398 New 1204 Constantinople Dr. Warner's Library 2.The Crusaders also set the Jewish quarter the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, on fire. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 195. Almohads (the Moors) Vs Christian The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa led to the defeated Moors's The Almohads are defeated by Christian Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages. Cantor, Spaniards (Led by Alfonso III of Castile). withdrawal from Al-Andalus in 1225.This Battle was decisive in forces from Castile, Navarre, and Aragon at Paine, Michael. The Crusades [eBook] Las Navas de Tolosa (Also the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Norman F., ed.1st Ed., (New York: Viking 399 401 1212 The Moors were defeated. This Battle was Dr. Warner's Library leading to the capture of the other great cities of Spain such as this decisive battle of Las N.D. Tolosa. Only (Harpenden, Oldcastle Books: Pocket Battle of Al-Uqab) the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, [Penguin Group], 1999), 395. [Book:Charlotte decisive in breaking the power of the Seville, Cordoba, leaving only a small territory in Sn Spain in Granada remained under the Arabs out of the Essentials, 2005), 136. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 198-199. Mecklenberg Public Library] Almohads in Spain. Muslim hands, along with Granada. 23 "Taifas" in Southern Iberia. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive The King of Portugal, Afonso o Gordo Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 400 New 1217 Alcacer do Sal Dr. Warner's Library defeated the Moors at Alcacer do Sal. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 201. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive The focus of the 5th crusade was Egypt. The 1217 Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 401 New 5th CRUSADE crusade was led by Jean de Brienne, but was Dr. Warner's Library (or 1218) the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, largely unsuccessful. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 201. Damietta was beseiged, an in the 5th crusade Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Paine, Michael. The Crusades [eBook] (1217-1221), Damietta was briefly held by Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 402 402 1218 Damietta (Egypt) Dr. Warner's Library Crusade (Harpenden, Oldcastle Books: Pocket Christians, but soon gave the city up for a the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Essentials, 2005), 136. [ProQuest eBrary]. truce. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 201. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 403 New 1219 Sicily There was a Muslim rebellion. Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500). [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 202. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive The Seljuks began their conquest of eastern Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 404 New 1221 Pamphylia Dr. Warner's Library Pamphylia (Asia Minor). the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500). [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 202. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive A Muslim rebellion in Sicily was crushed, Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 405 New 1224 Sicily and the Muslims were banished from the Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500). [Jefferson, N. Carolina, island to Lucera, in mainland Italy. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 202. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive The Seljuks attacked (Sudaq), which Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 406 New 1225 Crimea Dr. Warner's Library became a Seljuk protectorate until 1239. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500). [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 203. In a civil war to establish succession among Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive the Almohads, Al-Bayyasi, the Almohad Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 407 403 1226 Baeza Governor of Cordoba proclaimed his Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, independence and rulership over BAEZA, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 203. Cordoba, Jaen, and Quesada. The taifa of Denia was established after the Cordoba Caliphate collapsed, in 1010, and Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia, "Taifa of Denia", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_ 408 404 1227 Denia lasted until 1227, when it was conquered by https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_of_D%C3%A9nia of_D%C3%A9nia Aragon (?).

Frederick II of Hhenstaufen, the King of Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Sicily, led this crusade. This crusade resulted Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 409 New 1228 6th CRUSADE Dr. Warner's Library in a treaty bringing Jerusalem and other holy the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, land cities under Christian rule for 10 years. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 205. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 410 New 1229 Balearic Islands Aragon conquered the Balearic islands. Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 206. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Alfonso IX of Leon Vs Ibn . was Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 411 New 1231 Merida Dr. Warner's Library defeated. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 207. Moors (led by Abu Jafar Ibn Hud) Vs Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 412 405 1231 Jerez Christians (Castilian forces, Spain). The (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of Jerez", 1505693 Castillans won this battle. http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/1505693 From 1232-1245, James I, conqueror of 1232 The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages . Cantor, Norman F., ed.1st Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg 413 406 Valencia Aragon and Catalonia siezed the Valencia (1232-1245) Ed., (New York: Viking [Penguin Group], 1999), 358. Public Library Islands. He forst attacked in 1225. Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location

Ferdinand III of Castile, aided by the Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Nasrids, conquered Andalusia. Cordoba was Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 414 New 1236 Andalusia (and Cordoba) Dr. Warner's Library conquered as well, and the Great mosque of the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Cordoba was converted into a cathedral. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 209. 415 407 1236 Cadiz The taifa of was invaded by the Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia, "Taifa of Ceuta", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_ 416 408 1236 Ceuta Almohad Empire in 1236. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa of D%C3%A9nia of D%C3%A9nia After the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, Christians controlled most of Spain. In Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Cordoba, the Great Mosque of Cordoba was Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 417 New 1236 Cordoba Dr. Warner's Library converted into a cathedral. Ferdinand III of the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Castile led the Spanish Christians to conquer McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 209. Andalusia. The Kingdom of Valencia was created in 1238, as a result of the Reconquista when the Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia, "Kingdom of Valencia", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdo 418 409 1238 Valencia Moorish taifa of Valencia was captured. It https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia m_of_Valencia became a separate entity but still under the Spanish monarchy. Richar Cornwall & Simon de Montfort led a 419 New 1240 Holy Land (Crusade) crusade to the Holy Land. The King of Sosso (West Africa) , Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 420 410 1240 Kirina Sumanguru Kanté Vs the Mandinka prince, (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of Kirina", 1038087 Sundiata Keita (Muslim forces) http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/1038087 The taifa is reported to be in existence from Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia, "Taifa of Orihuela", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_ 421 411 1240 Orihuela 1239 to 1249. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa of Orihuela of Orihuela Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim Turkish mercenaries of Egypt Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 422 New 1244 Jerusalem recaptured Jerusalem. This prompted calls for Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, the 7th Crusade. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 212. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Castillian forces captured Arjona (Spain), but Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 423 412 1244 Arjona a Castile-Aragon treaty was necessitated to Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, divide conqured lands. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 213. Asbridge, Thomas S. The Crusades: The Authoritative History of the 424 413 1244 La Forbie Book: Charlotte Meckl. Publ. Libr. War for the Holy Land. 1 ed. New York: HarperCollins, 2010), .. 686. A two-year siege ended, and Seville Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive surrendered to a Christian army (led by Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 425 New 1248 Seville Dr. Warner's Library Ferdinand III of Castile). The Muslims fled to the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Granada and . McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 215.

Louis IX of France led this crusade, which focused on Egypt. This crusade resulted in the capture of Damietta, and a march on Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Cairo, but the crusaders were met by Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 426 New 1249 7th CRUSADE Dr. Warner's Library opposing forces before reaching Mansura, the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, and the crusade was again, largely McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 215. unsuccessful, prompting the Christians to accept this failure as a critical reality check.

427 414 1249 Garoone Crusaders led by Louis IX of France Vs Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Muslim Egyptian forces, fought at the Battle Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 428 415 1250 Al Mansurah of Fariskur. Crusaders were massacred Louis Dr. Warner's Library Crusade the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, IX was captured and released later after McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 215. terms were negotiated and met. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Battle of Fariskur' (See above 1250-Al Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 429 416 1250 Fariskur Dr. Warner's Library Crusade Mansurah) the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 215. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive The Marinids captured Sijilmasa and other Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 430 New 1254 Sijilmasa Dr. Warner's Library towns. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 217. Ruthven, Malise and Azim Nanji. Historical Atlas of Islam Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive The Muslim World . eBook ed. (Farmington Vs. 'Mameluks' & 'Baybars', where Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Hills, Mich: Cartographica [Thomson-Gale], Ain Jalut , Syria; defeat the 431 417 1259 or 1260) Ain Jalut the Mongols were defeated at the Battle of Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, 2005), 196. Mongols. Ayn Jalut, a location north of Jerusalem. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 219. http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/Islamic_ Books_Megapack/Historical%20Atlas%20of% 20the%20Islamic%20World.pdf The taifa of Niebla was established in 1023. Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia, "Taifa of Niebla", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_ 432 418 1262 Niebla In 1262, the taifa was conquered and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_of_Niebla of_Niebla absorbed by the . 433 419 1265 Lorca From 1266, the taifa of Murcia was Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia, "Taifa de Murcia", https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_ 434 420 1266 Murcia incorporated into the kingdom of Castile. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa de Murcia de Murcia Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive The Mameluke Sultan Baybars captured Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 435 New 1268 Jaffa & Antioch Dr. Warner's Library Antioch and Jaffa. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 223. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Paine, Michael. The Crusades [eBook] Jaffa & Antioch were captured by the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 436 421 1268 Antioch Dr. Warner's Library Crusade (Harpenden, Oldcastle Books: Pocket 'Mameluke Sultan Baybars.' the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Essentials, 2005), 137. [Site:ProQuest ebrary]. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 222. The 8th crusade was directed against Carthage (Tunis), and was led by Loius IX, King of France. His death in Tunis from the plague, and his army was also suffering from Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive disease and heat. This crusade did not stop Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 437 New 1269 8th CRUSADE Dr. Warner's Library Muslims advancing in the Holy Lan, and they the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, continued to gain territory in the Holy Land. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 223. In retrospect, the crusades did not achieve their goals, i.e. to establish and keep control of the Holy Land. The Marinids invaded Spain in 1275 & Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive 1277, and these incursions were undertaken Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 438 New 1275 Spain Dr. Warner's Library to support the Nasrids counter the the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Reconquista. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 227. Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location 1. The Marinids launched another incursion Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive into Spain Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 439 New 1277 Spain Dr. Warner's Library 2. The Moors battled Aragon (led by Pedro the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, III of Aragon) in Andalusia. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 228. The taifa of Menorca was established in Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia, "Taifa of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_ 440 422 1287 Menorca 1228, but it was conquered by the kingdom Menorca",https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa_of_Menorca of_Menorca of Aragon in 1287. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive The Marinids launched a 5th incursion into Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 441 New 1291 Spain Dr. Warner's Library Spain. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 233. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages . Cantor, Mamelukes Vs. Christians Acre was captured Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Norman F., ed.1st Ed., (New York: Viking 442 423 1291 Acre Dr. Warner's Library Crusade by the Mamelukes. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, [Penguin Group], 1999), 334. [.Book: Charlotte McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 233. Mecklenberg Public Library]. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive The Nasrids attacked Castile, Alcuadeta and Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 443 New 1300 Castile (Spain) Campina, and proceeded till the outskirts of Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Jaen. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 237. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive 1306 A civil war;The Nasrids captured Ceuta from Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 444 424 Ceuta Dr. Warner's Library 1305 the Banu al-Azafi. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 240. 1. Thousands of Jews were expelled from Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive England Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 445 New 1306 England & France Dr. Warner's Library 2. Approximately 100,000 Jews were the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, arrested, robbed, and expelled from France. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 240. 446 New 1307 Ceuta Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Ceuta was captured by the Marinids from the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 447 425 1309 Ceuta Dr. Warner's Library the Nasrids. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 240. 1. Alcuadeta came under control of the Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Castille. Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 448 New 1312 Alcuadeta Dr. Warner's Library 2. The regions of Algericas & Ronda were the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, restored to the control of Granada. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 242. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive 1316 Yahya ibn Afzi proclaimed the independence Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 449 426 Ceuta Dr. Warner's Library 1314 of Ceuta from the Marinids. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 244. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive An attack against Guadix was launched by Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 450 New 1316 Guadix Dr. Warner's Library the Castillians. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 244. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive An unsuccessful attack against Granada was Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 451 New 1319 Granada Dr. Warner's Library launched by the Castillians. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 245. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive The Mamelukes pillaged Lajazzo, a trading Lajazzo (port in Little Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 452 New 1322 port used by spice and silk merchants from Dr. Warner's Library Armenia) the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Genoa and Venetians. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 245. 453 427 1327 Ceuta Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive The Ottomans defeated the Byzantines at the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 454 New 1329 Maltepe (Pelekanon) Dr. Warner's Library Battle of Maltepe. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 249 Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 455 428 1331 Nicaea Nicaea (Iznik) was captured by the Ottomans. Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 248. On 30th Oct, 1340, Alfonso XI of Castile, supported by Alfonso IV of Portugal led a Christian army against a large Muslim Spaniards Vs. Marinids & Nasrids. offensive in southern spain, led by Nasrid The Spaniards defeated the Nasrid-Marinid Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and Sieges Emir Yusuf I of Granada who was aided by alliance. During a second encounter, the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and : A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity troops from to besiege 456 429 1340 Rio Salado (Spain) alliance beseiged Tarifa, near Rio Salado. At Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Through the Twenty-First Century. Westport: Tarifa, on the Strait of Gibraltar. Alfonso XI the Battle of Rio Salado , Muslim forces McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 253. Greenwood, 2007), 856. of Castile were defeated summarily, hence their attack attacked from the west at the Rio Salado, on mainland Spain was repulsed. and was vitorious against the Muslim advance.

1. Between 1353 & 1356, Ottoman forces captured Gallipoli Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive 1. Gallipoli 2. Ankara was captured by Ottoman forces as Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 457 New 1353-1356 2.Ankara well. Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, 3. Eastern Thrace 3. After capturing Gallipoli, the Ottomans McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 260. marched into eastern Thrace and captured several towns there. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 458 New 1356 Poitiers The 'Battle of Poitiers' was fought in 1356. Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 261. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 459 New 1360 Adrianople Adrianople was captured by the Ottomans. Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 262 Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive The and were defeated at Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 460 New 1371 Samako (Southeastern Europe) Dr. Warner's Library the Battle of Samako. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 266. Ottomans Vs. Bulgarian & Macedonian Byzantine forces. At the Battle of Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Chernomen, the Ottomans captured Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 461 430 1371 Maritsa Dr. Warner's Library and Macedonia, which resulted in the the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, Byzantine Empire acknowledging Ottoman McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 266. . 462 431 1387 Ceuta Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location Ruthven, Malise and Azim Nanji. Historical Atlas of Islam The Muslim World. eBook ed. The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages . Ottoman forces (led by Murad I) Vs. the Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive (Farmington Hills, Mich: Cartographica Cantor, Norman F., ed.1st Ed., (New Kosovo Serbians empire (i.e., a coalition of Serbs, Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and The defeat by the Ottomans resulted in the break up of the Serbian 463 432 1389 Dr. Warner's Library [Thomson-Gale], 2005), 196. York: Viking [Penguin Group], 1999), (First Battle) , Wallachians, & Bosnians). The the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, empire's coalition. http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/Islamic_Boo 275. [Text: Charlotte Mecklenberg Public Serbian empire was defeated. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 272. ks_Megapack/Historical%20Atlas%20of%20th Library] e%20Islamic%20World.pdf The Wallachian Empire Vs the Ottoman Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 464 433 1395 Rovine Empire. The Wallachians secured a tactical (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of Rovine", 923187 victory. http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/923187 The North (led by ) Vs. the Tamerian Empire ( led Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 465 434 1395 Terek River by Timur). The Timur army was victorious, (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of Terek 4885233 as a result of some defections of forced from River", http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/4885233 the Golden Horde side to the Timur side.

Crusaders (led by Sigmund King of ) Vs Ottomans. The two sites each had nearly Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages . Cantor, Crusade:Christians defeated by the 20,000 troops. They clashed at Nicopolis, Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Norman F., ed.1st Ed., (New York: Viking Ottomans.Crusader army is defeated at 466 435 1396 Nicopolis Dr. Warner's Library where the crusaders were defeated. This the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, [Penguin Group], 1999), 334. [Book: Charlotte Nicopolis by Sultan (Ottoman) Beyezid I enabled the Ottomans to coccupy and control McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 275. Mecklenberg Public Library]. Yildrin (p.72). Bulgaria fully. The Tartars led by Temur Kutlugh and Edigu supported by TamerlaneVs Christian forces from , , & Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 467 436 1399 Vorskla River (led by the Grand Duke & (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of Vorskla This battle was a serious defeated for the Christians, and it was reported that "the Christian blood had flown like a water, up to the Kievan walls" 665771 Tokhtamysh). The battle was a decisive River", http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/665771 victory for the Tartars, and the city of Kiev was besieged.

Timur (from Tranxosiana) Vs. the Ottomans Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages . Cantor, (led by Sultan Bajazet). Timur defeated the Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Norman F., ed.1st Ed., (New York: Viking Ottoman Caliph Beyezid captured by 468 437 1402 Ankara Dr. Warner's Library Ottomans, with an army 800,000 strong, the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, [Penguin Group], 1999), 334. [Book: Charlotte Saladin. compared Bajzet's 120,000 soldiers. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 279. Mecklenberg Public Library]. 469 438 1443 Petrela 470 439 1444 Stelluzi League of Lezhe (led by , Vrana Konti, & hamza Kastrioti) Vs the Ottoman This Battle opened up 25 years of Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, " Battle of Torvioll", 471 440 1444 Torvioll Empire (led by Ali Pasha sent by Murad II); war between Albania and the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Torvioll This battle was won by the Albanian League . of Lezhe. 472 441 1444 Sfetigrad See Below (Battle of Svetigrad [1448]) The was fought between the Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Ottomans (led by Sultan Murad II) and a Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 473 442 1444 Varna coalition of Polish, Wallachian, Hungarian Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, forces and a Venetian fleet. The Christian McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 304. army was defeated by the Ottomans. 474 443 1446 Drin This Battle was fought between Murad II, Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages . Cantor, Ottomans (led by Sultan Murad II) vs a Beyezid's son, against the Hungarian Army, Kosovo Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Norman F., ed.1st Ed., (New York: Viking 475 444 1448 Serbian-Hungarian army (led by Jamos Dr. Warner's Library aided by German mercenaries. Bosnia (Second Battle) the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, [Penguin Group], 1999), 275 & 334. [Book: Hunyady). The Christians were defeated. remained as part of the Ottoman empire until McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 306. Charlotte Mecklenberg Public Library]. 1878 when the empire collapsed.

League of Lezhe (led by Peter Perlati & Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "Siege of Svetigrad [1448]), 476 New 1448 Svetigrad Skanderbeg) Vs the Ottoman Empire (led by https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Svetigrad_(1448). Murad II); This battle was won by Ottomans. League of Lezhe (Albanians, led by Oranik Skanderbeg) Vs the Ottoman Empire (led by Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "Battle of Oranik [1448]", 477 445 1448 Oronik Mustafa Pasha); This battle was won by https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Oranik_(1448). League of Lezhe. Ottoman empire (led by Murad II & Prince Mehmed) Vs Albanians (Led by Skanderbeg & Vrani Konti, & the League of Lezhe Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia army). The Albanian army attacked the "Siege of Kruje (1450", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_ 478 446 1450 Kruje (Kruja) Ottoman camps & supplies, and were https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1450) of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1450) eventually victorious. The Ottoman siege at the castle of Kruje was lifted, and the Ottoman army retreated. during which Skanderbeg The "Battle of Polog" in 1453, was between challenged Ibrahim to a duel and the League of Lezhe (led by Skanderbeg) and Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, " Battle of Polog", beheaded Ibrahim, placed his head 479 New 1453 Polog the Ottoman Empire (led by Ibrahim Pasha). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Polog. on a pike, which prompted the The League of Lezhe won this battle. Turkish troops to flee when they learned of the event. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages . Cantor, Cook, David. Understanding Jihad Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Norman F., ed.1st Ed., (New York: Viking 480 447 1453 Constantinople The final seige of Constantinople began Dr. Warner's Library (Berkeley, University of California Press, the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, [Penguin Group], 1999), 134. [Text: Charlotte 2005), 209. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 309. Mecklenberg Public Library] The "siege of Berat" in 1455 was between the League of Lezhe (led by Gjergj Arianit Komneni, Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, " Siege of Berat", 481 448 1455 Berat Muzaka Thopia, Vrana Konti & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Berat_(1455). Skanderbeg) Vs the Ottoman Empire (led by Issa Beg Evrenoz). The Ottomans won this battle. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Vs. (Christian) Greece. The Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 482 449 1456 Athens Ottomans successfully conquered Athens and Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, started ruling Greece. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 312. Ottoman Turks (led by Sultan Muhammed II) Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive An Ottoman fleet was destroyed; after the Ottomans were defeated Vs Christians (led by Janos Hunyady of Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 483 450 1456 Dr. Warner's Library at Belgrade, they withdrew to . The seige on Belgrade Hungary). Ottoman Turks were defeated at the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, failed, the Ottomans retreated to Bulgaria, then to Istanbul. Belgrade, Yugoslavia. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 312-313. League of Lezhe (Albanians, led by Skanderbeg) Vs the Ottoman Empire (led by Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "Battle of Albulena", 484 451 1457 Albulena Isak Bey Evrenoz & Hamza Kastrioti); This https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Albulena. battle was won by League of Lezhe. Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location Turks Vs. Wallachians (led by Vlad Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive [Dracula], along the River. Vlad Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 485 452 1462 Night Attack- Dr. Warner's Library massacred 20,000 Turks, by impaling many the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, of them. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 315.

The 1st Battle of Mokra occurred in Battle of Mokra 1445, between the Albanian league Skanderbeg's Army Vs the Ottoman Empire. (Also the Second Battle of Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "Battle of Mokra", and the Ottoman Empire, and also 486 453 1462 The location of the battle was in Northeastern Mokra) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Mokra_(July_1462). resulted in an Albanian victory. Albania, and resulted in an Albanian victory. Mokrena Dibra https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_ of_Mokra_(1445). 487 454 1462 Lower Dibra 488 455 1462 Pollog 1 489 456 1462 Pollog 2 490 457 1464 Oher 491 458 1465 Kurmaniv Ottoman Empire Vs Albanian & Venetian forces (League of Lezhe & the Republic of Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "Siege of Kruje (1466-67)", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_ Venice). The Ottomans were defeated, and 492 459 1466 Kruje (Kruja), Albania https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1466%E2% of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1466%E2%80 withdrew their army from Albania. However, 80%9367) %9367) this was not a permanent victory for the Albanian-Venetian forces. 493 460 1467 Kruje (Kruja), Albania See Above "Siege of Kruje (1466-1467) Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Herzegovina was conquered by Ottoman Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 494 New 1467 Herzegovina Dr. Warner's Library Turks. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 318. Moldavia (now in ) (led by Stephen III of Moldavia) Vs Ottoman Turks ( led by This battle is also called the "Battle of Podul Înalt" or the "Battle of Hadân Suleiman Pasha). Although the Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ Racova." This defeat was one of the greatest against Islam, if not the 495 461 1475 Vaslui account shows the Moldavian side was (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of Vaslui", 1262298 greatest, with regard to the number of casualties inflicted on the outnumbered several times, they defeated the http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/1262298 Ottomans. Ottoman army, with nearly 40,000 dead Ottoman troops. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Crimea came under control of the Ottoman Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 496 New 1475 Crimea Dr. Warner's Library Turks. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 323. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 497 New 1480 Otranto (Southern Italy) The Ottoman Turks captuterd Otranto. Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 325. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 498 462 1480 Rhodes Muhammed II failed to capture Rhodes. Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 325. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Christian forces captured the castle of Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 499 463 1481 Zahara Dr. Warner's Library Zahara. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 326. Civil war (1482-1484): Abu al-Hasan Vs. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Abu 'Abd Allah (Baobdil). Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 500 464 1482 Granada Granada was under the control of Muslims, Dr. Warner's Library the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, ruled by Abu al-Hasan. Baobdil seized power McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 327. to rule over Granada. Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Castillian forces launched a military Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 501 465 1491 Granada Dr. Warner's Library campaign against Granada. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 326. Ruthven, Malise and Azim Nanji. Historical Atlas of Islam The Muslim World. eBook ed. Nasrids (Moors) Vs.Castile (Ruled by Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive (Farmington Hills, Mich: Cartographica Isabella & Aragon Ferdinand). The Moors Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 502 466 1492 Granada Dr. Warner's Library [Thomson-Gale], 2005), 358. were defeated, which completed the the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/Islamic_Boo reconquista of Spain by Christian forces. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 332. ks_Megapack/Historical%20Atlas%20of%20th e%20Islamic%20World.pdf The Kingdom of Venice (led by Antonio Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias Zonchio (First Battle of http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ This battle also known as the "Battle of Sapienza" or the "First 503 467 1499 Grimani)Vs the Ottoman empire (Led by (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of Zonchio", Lepanto) 1509262 ", and was the first naval battle to utilize . ). The Venetians were defeated. http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/1509262 Jenkins, Everett (Jr.). The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Montenegro was captured by the Ottoman Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and 504 New 1499 Montenegro Dr. Warner's Library Turks. the Americas (Vol 1, 570-1500) . [Jefferson, N. Carolina, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 1999], 340. Ottoman Empire (led by Admiral Kemal Reis) Vs the . The Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_ 505 468 1500 Modon (2nd battle of Lepanto) Venetian fleet was defeated near the island "Battle of Modon (1500)", of_Modon_(1500) of Corfu, and the fortress of Modon was https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Modon_(1500) captured. Mughal army ( led by ) Vs. Uzbek Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_ 506 469 1512 Ghazdewan tribes from Central Asia. The Mughal army "Battle of Ghazdewan", of_Ghazdewan was defeated. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ghazdewan Ottoman Empire Vs the Safavids (Iranians). Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia The Ottomans were victorious, which was http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 507 470 1514 Chaldiran "", most likely by virtue of having a larger and 502877 Bajaur"http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/502877 better equipped army. the Bajaur Sultanate(Pashtun tribes). The Mughal Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_ 508 471 1519 Bajaur Empire won a decisive victory under Zahir "Battle of Bajaur", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bajaur of_Bajaur ud-Din Muhammad and Babur Ottoman Turks Vs a combined European Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 509 472 1522 Rhodes army; The Ottomans conqured Rhodes, but "Battle of Rhodes", http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/3623543 3623543 had lost about half of their forces. Suleyman I , sultan of the Ottoman empire The Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages . Cantor, Norman F., ed.1st Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg (1520-1566), embarked on a military campaign in 1561, when he 510 473 1525 (?1526) Mohacs Ed., (New York: Viking [Penguin Group], 1999), 398. Public Library captured Belgrade. Hungarian King Louis III was killed in 1526 during the Battle of the Mohacs. The Mughal Empire Vs the Western Afghan Confederates. The battle occurred in Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, " Siege of Sambhal", 511 474 1526 Sambhal Sambhal, in Uttar Pradesh, India. The https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Sambhal Mughals captured the city, defeating the Afghan confederates. Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location Majority (Muslim and Persian) Mughal Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia forces Vs forces (included 12,000 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_ 512 475 1527 "" The Mughal army was smaller but not as skilled, with a . Muslim ). The Mughal army defeated of_Khanwa https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Khanwa the Rajput army. Mughal empire Vs Eastern Afghan Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia confederates (led by the Sultan of Benghal). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_ 513 476 1529 Ghaghra "Battle of Ghaghra" There was a peace settlement with the Sultan of . The Mughal army defeated the Eastern of_Ghaghra https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ghaghra Afghan combined army. Ruthven, Malise and Azim Nanji. Historical Ottoman empire (Including troops Moldavia Atlas of Islam The Muslim World. eBook ed. & renegades from ) Vs A league of Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia (Farmington Hills, Mich: Cartographica European kingdoms including the Roman https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_ 514 477 1529 "" [Thomson-Gale], 2005),197. empire, , Spain, & the Rhinish of_Vienna https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Vienna http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/Islamic_Boo Palatinate. The Christian European coalition ks_Megapack/Historical%20Atlas%20of%20th won a decisive victory. e%20Islamic%20World.pdf Ottoman Empire Vs European army Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia The configuration of the Ottoman fleet was superior, while the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_ 515 478 1538 (Venitian, Spanish, Portuguese, and others). "" commanders of the European army were hesitant and less skilled in of_Preveza The European army was defeated. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle of Preveza tactical maneuvering. The battle centered around the Castle of The Hungarians won this battle, on the strength of Dobo's leadership, in the northern part of the Hungarian Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_ as well as harsh weather. The Ottomans had significant in-fighting 516 479 1552 Eger kingdom. Ottoman Empire (Led by Kara "Ottoman Wars in Europe: (1552)" of_Eger_(1552) among their leaders, bu they also ran out of gun powder for a period Ahmed Pasha) Vs Hungarian army (led by https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Eger_(1552) of time. Istvan Dobo). The Hungarians won the battle.

Mughal Empire (led by Zahir al-Din Muhammad Babur, the ruler of Kabul) Vs Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia Sultanate (led by Sultan Ibrahim https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_ Source for this article: Davis, Paul K. (1999). "100 Decisive Battle: 517 480 1556 Panipat "Battle of Panipat" Lodhi). This battle was a decisive victory for of_Panipat From Ancient Times to the Present", . https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Panipat the Mughal army. The battle was fought for the control of Northern India. Crowley, Roger. Empires of the Sea: The Siege of , the Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg 518 481 1560 Djerba Battle of Lepanto, and the Contest for the Center of the World Public Library (New York: Random House, 2008), 80-85. Crowley, Roger. Empires of the Sea: The Siege of Malta, the Battle of Lepanto, and the Contest for the Center of the World Book: Charlotte Mecklenberg 519 482 1565 Malta (New York: Random House, 2008), xx* & 173-187.(*Map:'The Public Library Siege of Malta-May to September 1565').

This battle/ Siege lasted for about 4 weeks, Hungarian Monarchy (Under the Habsburg Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia. and the Christians were greatly outnumbered. , i.e. Holy Roman Emperor https://www.warhistoryonline.com/a Dzhak, Yulia (2016). War History Online:“The Battle That Saved "Siege of Szigetvar", Regardless of the defeat of the 520 483 1566 Szigetvar Maximillian III ) Vs. Ottomans (led by Sultan ncient-history/battle-saved- The Civilization” – Szigetvár, 1566 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Szigetv Christian/European forces by Ottoman forces, ). The Ottomans civilization-szigetvar-1566.html %C3%A1r the prolonged resistance of this battle, won this battle. delayed Ottoman advancement to Vienna. Ruthven, Malise and Azim Nanji. Historical Atlas of Islam The Muslim World. eBook ed. (Farmington Hills, Mich: Cartographica defeated by a 521 484 1571 Lepanto [Thomson-Gale], 2005), 86. Venetian-Habsburg coalition. http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/Islamic_Books_Megapack/Histor ical%20Atlas%20of%20the%20Islamic%20World.pdf The Ottoman Sultan (via the Crimean vassal Khan) was roundly (Under 'Ivan the Terrible') Vs Crimea Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_ defeated, and forced to give up any ambitions of northward 522 485 1572 Molodi ( Under the Ottoman vassal, Khan). The "Battle of Molodi" of_Molodi expansion into Russia "forever", having lost 25,000-27,000 during Russians defeated the Crimeans. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Molodi the battle, which was actually a third incursion into Russia.

Mughal empire (Muslims) Vs Bengal (Muslims-Sultanate of 'Bangala' & ). Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_ 523 486 1575 Tukaroi Mughals defeated the , which the to "Battle of Tukaroi" of_Tukaroi the establishment of Mughal rule in Bengal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tukaroi in the . Mughal empire (Muslims) Vs the Kingdom of Mewar (non-Muslim Indians, Afghans, and Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_ 524 487 1576 Haldighati Bhil tribesmen). The Mughals were defeated, "" of_Haldighati though they were later able to capture several https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Haldighati forts from the Indians. The Ottomans (Sultan of Morocco)Vs Portuguese (assisted by Castillians, Germans https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_ 525 488 1578 Alcacer Quibir mercenaries, and Moorish allies). The https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Alc%C3%A1cer_Quibir of_Alc%C3%A1cer_Quibir Portuguese army and their allies were defeated decisively. Ottomans (Sultan of Morocco) Vs Songhai Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia empire (also Muslims). The Songhai army https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_ 526 489 1590 Tondibi "Battle of Tondobi" was defeated, leading to the collapse of the of_Tondibi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tondibi Songhai empire. Michael the Brave was greatly outnumbered (< 20,000 Vs 100,000 Romanian Army (Region of Wallachia), led Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia ottoman troops), but his strategic maneuvres allowed him to benefit by Michael the Brave Vs the Ottomans (led https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_ 527 490 1595 Calugareni "Battle of Calugareni" from reinforcements by the Transylvanian prince Sigismund Báthory by Sinan Pasha). The defeated of_C%C4%83lug%C4%83reni https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_C%C4%83lug%C4%83reni (7,500 cavalry troops), 1500 troops from Habsburg, and 300 from the Ottomans. Toscana. A combined Transylvanian-Austrian force (plus troops from other Christian European Wikepedia- Free Encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_ The Christian force was led by Archduke Maxmillian of III 528 491 1596 Keresztes regions) Vs Ottoman empire led by Sultan "" of_Keresztes & Prince Sigismund Bathory of . Mehmed III. The Ottoman force won this https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Keresztes battle. Polish-Lithuanian coalition Vs the Ottoman Wikepedia- Free Encyclopedia Chocim http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 529 492 1621 Empire. The Polish-Lithuanian forces won a "Battle of (1621)" (Also:"") 6718095 decisive victory. http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/6718095 This battle was fought on the banks of the River Raba, near the monastery of Saint Gotthard The , Moldavia, and Ottoman empire Vs . "League of the Rhine", Wikipedia-The Free Encyclopedia. Wallachia fought for the Ottoman empire, as they were under the including France, the , and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_ 530 493 1664 St. Gotthard "Battle of Saint Gotthard" control of the Ottoman empire.This battle achieved (a) it stopped the Piedmont-Savoy. The European league of_Saint_Gotthard_(1664) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Saint_Gotthard_(1664) Ottoman invasion of Austria, and (b) paved the way for a truce that defeated the Ottoman empire decisively. allowed for Astria to gain the military capacity to begin the liberation of Hungary in 1683. Polish-Lithuanian common forces (led by Jan Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias Chocim Sobieski) Vs. Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 531 494 1673 (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World, "Battle of Khotyn", This battle led to the signing of the peace treaty of Buczacz. (Also:"Battle of Khotyn") forces were defeated, and later Jan Sobieski 6718143 http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/6718143 became the King of Poland. Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location Polish-Lithuanian forces (led by Polish King Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias JohSobieski III) Vs Ottoman empire (led by http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 532 495 1675 Lwow (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World, "Battle of Lwow", Ibrahim Shyshman [ the Fat]). Polish 519475 Retrieved from http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/519475 Lithuanian army was victorious. Cook, David. Understanding Jihad (Berkeley, University of 533 496 1683 Vienna California Press, 2005), 209.

Charles V of Lorraine Vs Bohemian troops Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and Sieges : A Guide to 8,500 at the fortress of Neuhausel. The fortress was Battles from Antiquity Through the Twenty-First Century. Volume besieged by Austrian Field Marshal Aeneas 1, A-E. Westport: Greenwood, 2007), 454. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/ 534 New 1685 Neuhausel Caprara, and after defeating a relief army at http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download; download; Gran, Charles captured Neuhausel, killing jsessionid=C82E3FC1C991EFD191713019D8CE7B9D? most of the garrison occupants. doi=10.1.1.691.3942&rep=rep1&type=pdf Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias jsessionid=C82E3FC1C991EFD191 535 497 1697 Zenta advanced to besiege (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"", 713019D8CE7B9D? http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/1108641 Austrians (led by Eugene of Savoy) Vs the Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias Ottoman empire. The Austrians defeated the doi=10.1.1.691.3942&rep=rep1&ty 536 498 1716 (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of Ottomans, leading to a treaty signing between pe=pdf Petrovaradin", http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/1346626 the Ottomans and Austria (with Venice).

Russian army (led by Field Marshal Burkhard Christoph von Munnich) Vs Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 537 499 1739 Stavuchany Turkish armies (led by Serasker Veli-Pasha). (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of 3265328 The Russians won, but later had to sign a Stavuchany", http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/3265328 treaty. The was part of the Russo- Turkish war of 1768-1774. Vs Ottoman Empire . The Russians were victorious despite having a larger army, on Wikipedia-The Free Encyclopedia, "Battle of Larga", 538 500 1770 Larga the account of having more guns, and 33 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Larga Turkish cannons were captured, along with a vast enemy camp. This battle was followed by the .

The Battle of Kagul was part of the Russo- Turkish war of 1768-1774. Russian empire Kagul Wikipedia-The Free Encyclopedia, "Battle of Kagul", 539 501 1770 Vs Ottoman Empire & the Crimean Khanate. (Also '') https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kagul The result was a decisive Russian victory. This was the largest battle of this war.

Russians (led by Count Alexey Orlov & a British advisor) Vs Ottoman Empire Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 540 502 1770 Chesma (Kapudan Pasha Hüsameddin). The Ottoman (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of Chesma", 526424 Turks were defeated, and most of their naval http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/526424 fleet was destroyed. Vs Morocco. The Moroccans Lawrence A. Peskin, (2017). Oxford Research Encyclopedias. captured an American Ship 'Betsy', bu the Morocco America’s Interactions with Islam and Judaism in North 541 503 1784 matter was quickly resolved, and a peace US Ship (Barbary War) Africa,http://religion.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/97801993 treaty was installed between the US and 40378.001.0001/acrefore-9780199340378-e-399 Morocco in 1786.

United States Vs Algeria. Two American Lawrence A. Peskin, (2017). Oxford Research Encyclopedias. ships were caputured (Dauphin & Maria). America’s Interactions with Islam and Judaism in North 542 504 1785 Algeria US Their crews were enslaved, and a diplomatic Africa,http://religion.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/97801993 dispute ensued, that continued for 12 years. 40378.001.0001/acrefore-9780199340378-e-400

Persian empire (Muslims) Vs Georgian Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias The Persian ruler Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar was provoked to Krtsanisi http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 543 505 1795 forces. The Georgian forces were defeated (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of Krtsanisi", fight the King of Georgia, II, because he had made an Tbilisi 632219 and the city of Tbilisi was destroyed. http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/632219 alliance with the Russian Empire.

Modibo Adama's army ( furthered colonisation by Fulani Empire) Vs village settlements and states in the region of Wikipedia-The Free Encyclopedia, "Modiba Adama", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modib The Adamawa Emirate did not last after Adama's death in 1847. 544 506 1800s Fumbina Fumbina, which is located present day https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modibo_Adama o_Adama Adama reigned form 1806-1847. Cameroon and Nigeria. Adama waged many Jihad wars, and succeeded in establishing an empire, known as the Adamawa Emirate.

United States Vs sponsored by a collection of North African States (led Office of the State Historian, Dept of State, " , 1801- 1801 545 507 Tripoli by the Pasha of Tripoli, Yusuf Qaramanli). 1805 and 1815 -1816. (1801-1805) The United States defeated the Pasha's https://history.state.gov/milestones/1801-1829/barbary-wars. forces, and a treaty was concluded in 1805.

United States Vs Arabs (Tripoli). During a Capture of the USS Philadelphia blockade of Tripoli in the first babry war, the 31 October 1803: Selected Naval Documents, USS Philadelphia was captured after it ran https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading- 546 508 1803 USS Philadelphia aground near Tripoli. The ship was captured room/title-list-alphabetically/c/capture-of-the-frigate-uss- and crew taken as slaves. The US destoyed philadelphia.html, (Published:Tue Mar 31 15:24:48 EDT 2015) the ship in 1804. This event signified an Arab victory. 547 509 1804 (1803-4) Tripoli See above - Tripoli , 1801-1805 [1803-4) Jaq, p1038] The Hausa city-state of Gobir Vs a jihadist Fulani army assembled by Usman dan Fodio's army, a Fulani Islamic REFORMER, Encyclopedia Britannica"Usman dan Fodio: Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, " previously exiled by the Gobir rulers though Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "Gobir", Fulani Battle of Tsuntua", 548 510 1804 Tsuntua the Hausa kingdom was also Islamic.The Nigeria/Cameroon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobir Leader",https://www.britannica.com/biography/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ts Fulani army lost the "Battle of Tsuntua", but Usman-dan-Fodio#ref246912 untua Gobir, and several other Hausa states were eventually captured by Usman Dan Fodio's arm, under the .

Serbian nationalists Vs the Ottoman Empire. Serbia was emancipated, but it was not until New World Encyclopedia, "", 549 511 1804 Serbian Revolt 1878 that the Ottoman Empire officially http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Serbian_revolution recognized Serbia's independence.

United States marines (plus muslim mercenaries and other soldiers) Vs the Derna Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "Battle of Derna", 550 512 1805 of (Arabs in Derna, Libya). This Barbary war Dema https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Derna_(1805) was part of the first babary war. The American side won this battle. Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location This war is also known as "the Battle of Ivankovac", and was the first major conflict between Serbian nationalist revolutionaries Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, " Battle of Ivankovac", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_ This battle marked the first defeat of an Ottoman army unit by 551 513 1805 Cuprija, Serbia and the Ottoman Empire. The Serbians https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ivankovac of_Ivankovac Serbian revolutionaries. defeated the Ottomans, near the town of Cuprija, at the village of Ivankovac. Uthman ibn Fudi (from the Fulani tribe) Vs. Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and Sieges : A Guide to 8,500 the Kingdom of Gobir. The Fulani Empire Battles from Antiquity Through the Twenty-First Century. Volume defeated the Emir of Gobir; Uthman also 1808 1, A-E. Westport: Greenwood, 2007), 35. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/ 552 514 Alkalawa defeated other major rulers of Hausaland, to Nigeria/Cameroon 1806 http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download; download; establish the new Sokoto Empire (under jsessionid=C82E3FC1C991EFD191713019D8CE7B9D? Mohammudu Bello). This war was a Jihad to doi=10.1.1.691.3942&rep=rep1&type=pdf estab. Islam east of the River Niger. Russia Vs Persians. The Russians were led by Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias General Pyotr Kotlyarevsky, but they won jsessionid=C82E3FC1C991EFD191 553 515 1812 Aslanduz (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Battle of the war, even though the were outnumbered 713019D8CE7B9D? Aslanduz",http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/1590005 by the Persians. See Above, 1804 " Serbian Revolt" 554 516 1813 Otto Crush Serb This war was part of the first Serbian- Ottoman war, 1804-1813

However, Dey reneged on the The United States Vs Algeria. Dey Omar, the treaty negotiated by Commodore ruler of Algiers conceded to the greater US Stephen Decatur (ratified the treaty force, and a treaty was negotiated. Omar on Dec 15, 1815), and another one also called for an exchange of prisoners. Dey Office of the State Historian, Dept of State, " Barbary Wars, 1801- was negotiated after Omar was faced 555 New 1815-1816 Algiers, Tunis, & Tripoli Omar also accepted the ending of all ransom 1805 and 1815 -1816. with battle against an even bigger and tribute practices. United States https://history.state.gov/milestones/1801-1829/barbary-wars. US naval squadron. The treaty was Commodore Stephen Decatur then sailed to negotiated on Dec 23, 1815, but Tunis and Tripoli and negotiated similar was ratified in Feb, 1822 after an treaties. accidental congressional oversight.

Serbian nationalist revolutionaries Vs the Ottoman Empire. In 1813, Serbia was re- annexed into the Ottoman Empire. The Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second 556 517 1815 Sec. Serb Uprising second revolution gave Serbia more https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Serbian_Uprising. _Serbian_Uprising independence, allowing it to exisst as the 'Principality of Serbia', governed by its own parliament , constitution, and royalty.

United States Vs Algerian forces (Second Babary War). The American forces captured Meshuda Ship Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "Mashouda", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masho 557 518 1815 a fleet of Algerian naval vessels, called the (Also Mashuda/Mashouda) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashouda uda Mashouda or Mashuda. The battle resulted in a decisive win for the American forces.

http://www.islamlaws.com/wp- Armstrong, Karen. Islam: A Short History . (New York, The fight for independence against the 558 519 1821 Greek revolt Greeks Vs Ottoman Turks content/uploads/2014/10/Islam-A- Modern Library [Random House], 2002), xxvii. Ottomans Short-History-Karen-Armstrong.pdf

This is also called "the Battle of Sphacteria", which was fought between Greece and (Ottoman) Egypt, at Sphacteria, Greece. The Egyptian navy, led by Ibrahim Pasha, Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "Battle of Sphacteria", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_ 559 520 1825 Egypt invades Greece attacked the Greek islands of Paliokastro & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sphacteria_(1825). of_Sphacteria_(1825) Spachteria. The Ottoman Egyptian forces overwhelmed the Greek forces, by way of more soldiers, and a bigger naval fleet, numbering 34 ships. Russian Empire Vs Ottoman Empire. The Russians won. A squadron of Ottoman ships was attacked by Russian warships, and Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "The ", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_ 560 521 1853 Sinope (or Sinop) defeated. This was part of the , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sinop of_Sinop and the last major battle between naval ship fleets.

This was a civil war which started in Mount , between peasant, Maronite Christians and Arabs (overlords, panreligionist), culminating in a massacre in †The Druze follow a religion that initially developed out of Ismaili Damascus, where Druze fought in a joint Wikipedia - - The Free Encyclopedia, " 1860 Mount Lebanon Civil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860_ Islam. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druze 561 522 1860 Lebanon army with Turkish soldiers from the Ottoman War", Mount_Lebanon_civil_war †This Druze military victory led to an international outcry, and an Empire, & Sunni Muslim paramilitary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860_Mount_Lebanon_civil_war intervention by European forces led by the French army. groups. 20,000 Christians, including American and Dutch consuls, were killed by the Druze, and many churches and Christian villages were destroyed.

This was an uprising by the rebels of Bosnia against the Ottoman Empire. On the Bosnian side, the forces were drawn from the Principality of Montenegro & the Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "Herzegovina Uprising (1875- Principality of Serbia. This uprising led to a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herzeg Herzegovina 77), 562 523 1875 series of events, and to the Great eastern ovina_uprising_(1875%E2%80%93 (1875 - 1877) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herzegovina_uprising_(1875%E2%80 Crisis, and the Berlin Congress in 1878, 77) %9377) which gave Montenegro and Serbia independence, while Bosnia-Herzegovina remained an Austro-Hungary occupied , de jure Ottoman territory.

Bulgaria revolutionaries Vs the Ottoman Empire. This was an uprising in Ottoman empire, in Bulgaria. The Ottomans defeated and suppressed this rebellion, which contributed to the Russo-Turkish war of 1877- Bulgaria 1878. Bulgaria gained independence in Wikipedia - The Free encyclopedia, "April Uprising", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_ The Ottoman forces perpetrated many atrocities, which resulted in a 563 524 1876 (Bulgeria) 1878. Although the April uprising failed, due https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_Uprising Uprising European outcry to the publicity given to theharsh reprisals by the Ottoman empire, several vents that followed led to Bulgaria gained independence. Europe called for a reformation of the Ottoman Empire.

564 525 1876 Batak, Bulgeria See Above Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location

Principality of Serbia Vs Ottoman Empire. This was part of the Serbia-Ottoman War of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia 1876 - 1878. The Serbians won the battles, Wikipedia - - The Free Encyclopedia, " Serbian-Ottoman War 565 526 1876 Serbian revolt n%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(187 and liberated many towns, one by one. (1876-1878). 6%E2%80%931878) Eventually most of the South Morava basin was captured by the Royal Serbian Army.

Montenegro Vs the Ottoman Empire. The Montenegro forces defeated the Ottomans, Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "Montenegrin - Ottoman War", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte leading to the signing of the Treaty of San 566 527 1876 Montenegro https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegrin%E2%80%93 negrin%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_ Stefano and the . This Ottoman_War_(1876%E2%80%9378) (1876%E2%80%9378) uprising led to the de facto independence of Montenegro. Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and Sieges : A Guide to 8,500 Russians (Grand Duke Michaell & Gen. Battles from Antiquity Through the Twenty-First Century. Volume Mikhail Loris-Melikov) Vs. Turks (led by Aladja Dagh 1, A-E. Westport: Greenwood, 2007), 22. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/ 567 New 1877 Ahmed Mukhtar Pasha). The Russians Russo-Turkish wars http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download; download; defeated the Turks who lost 6,000 troops, jsessionid=C82E3FC1C991EFD191713019D8CE7B9D? while 10,000 survivors surrendered. doi=10.1.1.691.3942&rep=rep1&type=pdf This conflict was between the Russian- Romanian army (plus Bulgarian volunteers) and the Ottoman Empire, and is referred to as , Turkey Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_ 568 528 1877 the Siege of Plevna, or the Seige of Pleven. It (Also Plevna) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Plevna of_Plevna was a major battle of the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-1878. The Russian-Romanian army was victorious. 569 529 1877 Brivitsa-3 After the Russo-Ottoman war of 1877/8, Russia and other European powers urged the Hoffman, Tessa. " Annihilation, Impunity, Denial: Ottoman Empire to reform its administration The Case Study of the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman http://www.aga- of the Armenian provinces, as part of the 570 530 1877 Turkey-Armenian Empire (1915/16) and Genocide Research in online.org/news/attachments/TokyoF Berlin Treaty of 1878. However, this did not Comparison." 2004, http://www.aga- ullVersion.pdf improve the situation, but it brought the online.org/news/attachments/TokyoFullVersion.pdf "Armenian Question" to the level of an international matter for the first time.

571 531 1883 Turkey The conflict started in 1918, and then again This wasa brutal conflict, occuring during the brief periods of from 1920-1922. First Rep. of Armenia & Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "Armenian - War", independence of the two warring sides. The UK and the the Rep. of Mountainous Armenia Vs https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armeni 572 532 1918 Armenia-Azerbaijan https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93 Centrocaspian dictatorship were also involved on the Armenian side, Democratic Rep. of Azerbaijan & the an%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_War Azerbaijani_War while on the Azerbaijan side, Russia, Turkish revolutionaries & the Ottoman Empire & Russia, Turkish Azerbaijan SSR were involved in the war, after 1920. revolutionaries & the Azerbaijan SSr, During and after WWI, nearly 1.5 million Armenian Christians were targeted and killed 1914- 1923 by the Ottoman Empire in Turkey. During Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, "Armenian Genocide", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armeni 573 533 1919 (Armenian Genocide" theTrabzon trials, witnesses testified that https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Genocide. an_Genocide thousands of the Armenians killed were drowned in the Black Sea. The first official govt policy of genocide by the Ottoman Empire was instituted by Sultan Abdul Hamid in 1894, aimed at Armenian Father Archimandrite Nektarios Serfes. "In Memory Of The 50 1920 Turkey/Ottoman Empire-- Christians. From 1894-1923, Christians http://www.serfes.org/orthodox/mem 574 534 Million Victims Of The Orthodox Christian Holocaust", (1894-1923) Christians living in Turkey, and in the wider Ottoman oryof.htm http://www.serfes.org/orthodox/memoryof.htm Empire were targeted for genocide, 3.65 million Christians were killed by the Ottoman Empire.

Ottoman Empire Vs Greek forces. The Greek Bosworth, Clifford E., E. Van Donzel, W. P. Heinrichs, and G. 1921 Battle of Sakarya River forces were defeated on the banks of the 575 535 Lecomte. Encyclopedia of Islam - Vol. VIII [NED - SAM], New 1922 Greece Sakarya River, as the Greek army attempted Ed., s.v. "Sakarya." Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1995, p. 881. to make its way to Ankara in Aug, 1922.

Ottoman Empire Vs Greek forces. In a Anatolia, near the Sakarya Bosworth, Clifford E., E. Van Donzel, W. P. Heinrichs, and G. second battle near the Sakarya River, Greek Greek army was repelled into the sea at Izmir. This battle ended the 576 536 1922 River. Lecomte. Encyclopedia of Islam - Vol. VIII [NED - SAM], New forces attempting a counter-offensive were complete reconquest of Anatolia. Greece Ed., s.v. "Sakarya" Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1995, p. 881. repelled and defeated by Turkish forces.

After this war, a peace Treaty was negotiated (the Treaty of Lausanne) forced Greece to return Thrace, Greeks Vs Turks. The Greeks won the battle Encyclopedia Britannica Online, Greco-Turkish Wars", Smyrna, and the islands of Imbros 577 537 1922 Greece of 1921/1922 . https://www.britannica.com/topic/Greco-Turkish-wars and Tenedos to Turkey. The two countries also exchanged their Greek and Turkish minority populations.

Turkey Vs Cyprus. In response to a coup After this invasion, Turkish Cypriots carried out in Cyprus to depose President New World Encyclopedia, "Turkish Invasion of Cyprus", declared a separate political entity 578 538 1974 Cyprus Makarios III, so as to join Cyprus to Greece, http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Turkish_invasion_of_C in the north, while in the South, an putting the at odds with the yprus independent region was established Turkish Cypriots. for Greek Cypriots.

This was a civil war between Muslims, but also had a dimension of Muslims Vs The refugees included armed PLO guerrillas with veto power on Ruthven, Malise and Azim Nanji. Historical Christians. The civil war was the culmination Lebanese , as well as influence over foreign policy of other Atlas of Islam The Muslim World. eBook ed. of a gradual influx of Palestinian refugees Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias Middle eastern states. Nearly 100% of Christians were expelled, (Farmington Hills, Mich: Cartographica 579 539 1975 Lebanon (1975-90) (along with armed PLO guerillas into (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World, "Lebaneses Civil http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/1and comprised many among the 1,000,000 people expelled from [Thomson-Gale], 2005), 198. One per year Lebanon (Majority Christian) from Israel, War", http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/187250 Lebanon.After the war, Lebanon was occupied by Syria, further http://ebooks.rahnuma.org/religion/Islamic_Boo after Israel became a state in 1948. Israel driving most Lebanese Christians into exile, while others were ks_Megapack/Historical%20Atlas%20of%20th intervened and removed the PLO army, but assassinated or jailed e%20Islamic%20World.pdf Lebanon was occupied by Syria after the war.

580 540 1977 Bayazid This was a multi-ethnic conflict between Orthodox Christians ,Catholic Serbs, and Bosnians Serbs the regions comprising the Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias When the Former Yugoslavia broke up into Croatia, Slovenia, and 1992 (to http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 581 541 (Notes: Bosnia) former Yugoslavia, with most atrocities being (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Bosnian War", Serbia, the Serbian section decided to fight against the break-up. 1995) 313020 committed against the Muslims in Bosnia- http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/313020 Later Bosnia also wanted to secede Herzegovina. Several peace agreements were negotiated. Initial unique Location of electronic Rcds OR Present Cum count # (n=538) Year Location Battling forces & battle outcomes Source 1 print source Notes Source 2 Notes: Source 2 Source 3 Location Former Yugoslavia & Serbia Vs. Albania, the Kosovo Liberation Front, and Nato Forces. Wikipedia. (n.d.).Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/ 582 542 1998 (1999) Kosovo The entrance of NATO brought this war to an (Wikipedia), List of Wars in the Muslim World,"Kosovo War", 10096 end, and the Kosovo Liberation Front was http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/10096 disbanded. 583 584