New HSK 6 Word List

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

New HSK 6 Word List >> New HSK 6 Word List MandarinBean.com Access graded listening and reading materials Access HSK sample tests No Chinese Pinyin English 1 挨着 āi zhe next to; close to 2 挨 ái Next to 3 挨打 ái dǎ take a beating; get a thrashing; come under attack 4 安检 ān jiǎn security check 5 罢工 bàgōng Strike 6 罢了 bà le let it pass; that's all; (auxiliary word) 7 白领 bái lǐng white collar; white collar worker 8 百分点 bǎi fēn diǎn percentage point 9 办公 bàn gōng work; handle official business; work in an office 10 办事处 bàn shì chù office; agency 11 办学 bàn xué run a school 12 半决赛 bàn jué sài semifinal 13 傍晚 bàngwǎn Evening 14 保健 bǎo jiàn health protection; health care 15 报刊 bào kān newspapers and periodicals; 1 press 16 报考 bào kǎo register for examination; sign up for an examination 17 抱歉 bàoqiàn feel sorry 18 暴风雨 bào fēng yǔ rainstorm; storm; tempest 19 暴力 bàolì violence 20 暴露 bàolù Expose 21 暴雨 bào yǔ torrential rain; rainstorm; scat 22 爆 bào explode; burst; quick-fry 23 爆发 bàofā burst 24 爆炸 bàozhà blast 25 悲惨 bēicǎn miserable 26 背心 bèi xīn vest; sleeveless garment; sleeveless 27 背着 bèi zhe behind one's back 28 被告 bèigào Defendant 29 奔跑 bēn pǎo run 30 本(代、 běn this; originally 副) 31 本地 běn dì this locality; local; native 32 本期 běn qī current period 2 33 本身 běnshēn itself 34 本土 běn tǔ mainland; one's native country; metropolitan territory 35 本质 běnzhì essence 36 逼 bī compel; force; drive; exert; press on; close; narrow 37 笔试 bǐ shì written examination 38 必将 bì jiāng will certainly; surely will 39 必修 bì xiū obligatory; compulsory; required 40 闭 bì close; shut; obstruct; stop up 41 边缘 biānyuán edge 42 编制 biān zhì authorized strength; work out; draw up; compile 43 扁 biǎn flat 44 变更 biàn gēng change; alter; modify 45 变换 biàn huàn transform; convert; vary; alternate 46 变形 biàn xíng deform; be out of shape; deformation; morph 47 便 biàn then 3 48 便是 biàn shì that's it 49 遍地 biàn dì everywhere; all around 50 表面上 biǎo miàn shàng superficial; ostensible; apparent; apparently 51 病房 bìng fáng ward of a hospital; sickroom 52 病情 bìng qíng state of an illness; patient's condition 53 拨打 bō dǎ dial 54 波动 bō dòng undulate; fluctuate; surge; undulation; fluctuation; wave motion 55 波浪 bōlàng wave 56 播 bō broadcast; spread; seed; sow; move about 57 不便 bú biàn inconvenient; unsuitable; be short of cash 58 不见 bú jiàn not see; not meet 59 不料 búliào Unexpectedly 60 不再 bú zài no longer; no more 61 不至于 bú zhì yú cannot go so far; be unlikely to 62 补考 bǔ kǎo makeup examination 4 63 补课 bǔ kè make up missed lessons 64 补习 bǔ xí take lessons after school or work 65 补助 bǔ zhù subsidy; subsidize; allowance 66 捕 bǔ catch; seize; arrest 67 不成 bù chéng won't do; fail 68 不禁 bùjīn Can not help but 69 不仅仅 bù jǐn jǐn not just; not only; more than 70 不通 bù tōng be blocked up; be impassable; not make sense; be illogical 71 不怎么 bù zěn me not particularly; not very 72 不怎么样 bù zěn me yàng not up to much; very indifferent 73 不值 bù zhí not worth 74 布满 bù mǎn be full of 75 部队 bù duì army; armed forces; troop; unit 76 采纳 cǎinà accept 77 踩 cǎi step on 78 参赛 cān sài take part in match; enter the competition 5 79 参展 cān zhǎn take part in an exhibition; participate in an exhibition 80 餐 cān food; meal; eat 81 残疾 cánjí A disability 82 残疾人 cán jí rén handicapped; disabled person 83 残酷 cánkù cruel 84 惨 cǎn miserable; wretched; tragic; cruel; badly 85 仓库 cāngkù Warehouse 86 藏 cáng hide; conceal; store; lay by 87 操纵 cāozòng control 88 厕所 cèsuǒ Toilet 89 侧 cè side; incline; lean 90 测定 cè dìng determine; determination; measurement 91 策划 cèhuà plan; hatch; plot 92 策略 cèlüè tactic; policy 93 层面 céng miàn level 94 差异 chā yì difference; divergence; discrepancy; diversity 95 查出 chá chū trace; find out; discover; find 6 out 96 查看 chá kàn look over; examine; check 97 拆迁 chāi qiān demolition; relocation 98 产量 chǎn liàng output; yield; volume of production 99 昌盛 chāngshèng Prosperity 100 长短 cháng duǎn short and long; length; accident; extent 101 长假 cháng jià long holiday; long leave 102 长久 cháng jiǔ for a long time; muchly 103 长跑 cháng pǎo long-distance race; long distance run 104 长远 cháng yuǎn long-term; long-range; enduring; chronic 105 常规 cháng guī conventional; common; routine 106 常年 cháng nián perennial; year in year out; average year 107 厂商 chǎng shāng manufacturer; firm; factory owner 108 场地 chǎng dì space; place; site 109 场馆 chǎng guǎn venue; stadium 7 110 场景 chǎng jǐng scene 111 畅通 chàngtōng unimpeded; unblocked 112 超 chāo exceed; surpass; overtake; go beyond 113 超出 chāo chū overstep; go beyond; exceed 114 炒 chǎo fry 115 炒股 chǎo gǔ invest in stocks 116 炒作 chǎo zuò hype 117 车号 chē hào car number; wagon number 118 车牌 chē pái licence plate; plate number 119 车展 chē zhǎn auto show; car exhibition 120 撤离 chè lí withdraw; leave; evacuate 121 撤销 chèxiāo repeal; retract 122 撑 chēng prop; support; push with a pole; keep up; unfurl; brace; stay 123 成(量) chéng (measure word) 124 成分 chéngfèn component 125 成品 chéng pǐn end product; finish product 126 承诺 chéngnuò Promise 127 城区 chéng qū the city proper; urban area; city subdivision 8 128 城乡 chéng xiāng urban and rural; city and countryside 129 城镇 chéng zhèn town; city 130 持有 chí yǒu hold; possess 131 冲击 chōngjī To attack 132 重建 chóng jiàn rebuild; reconstruct; reestablish; rehabilitate; reconstruction 133 重组 chóng zǔ reorganization; regroup 134 崇拜 chóngbài worship 135 宠物 chǒngwù Pet 136 冲 chōng punching 137 出场 chū chǎng come on the stage; enter the arena 138 出动 chū dòng dispatch; start off; call out 139 出访 chū fǎng visit a foreign country 140 出路 chūlù way out 141 出面 chū miàn come forward; appear personally 142 出名 chū míng famous; well-known 143 出入 chū rù come in and go out; discrepancy; divergence 9 144 出事 chū shì meet with a mishap; have an accident 145 出台 chū tái introduced; be published 146 出行 chū xíng travel; trip; getting around 147 初等 chū děng elementary; primary; rudimentary 148 除 chú except 149 厨师 chú shī chef; cook 150 储存 chǔcún Storage 151 处处 chù chù everywhere; in all respects 152 处长 chù zhǎng the head of a department; section chief 153 传出 chuán chū efferent; come out; come through 154 传媒 chuán méi media 155 传输 chuán shū transmission; transport 156 传言 chuán yán hearsay; rumour; pass on a message 157 船员 chuán yuán crew; crewman; waterman 158 船长 chuán zhǎng captain; skipper 159 船只 chuán zhī ship; vessel; craft 160 串 chuàn strand, cluster 10 161 窗口 chuāng kǒu window; wicket 162 创办 chuàng bàn establish; found 163 创建 chuàng jiàn found; establish; creation 164 创意 chuàng yì creativity 165 此处 cǐ chù here; this place 166 此次 cǐ cì this time 167 此前 cǐ qián before 168 此事 cǐ shì this matter 169 此致 cǐ zhì regards; sincerely; with the best wishes 170 次数 cì shù frequency; number of times 171 从不 cóng bù never; never ever 172 从没 cóng méi never; never did 173 醋 cù vinegar 174 村庄 cūn zhuāng village; hamlet 175 错过 cuò guò miss; let slip 176 搭 dā to match, to take 177 搭档 dādàng partner 178 搭配 dāpèi arrange; match 179 打动 dǎ dòng move; touch 180 打断 dǎ duàn break; interrupt; fracture 181 打发 dǎ fa send; dispatch; dismiss 11 182 打官司 dǎguānsi To engage in a lawsuit 183 打牌 dǎ pái play cards; play mah-jong 184 打印机 dǎ yìn jī printer 185 打造 dǎ zào build; make; creation 186 大道 dà dào main road; avenue 187 大街 dà jiē avenue; street; main street 188 大力 dà lì energetic; energetically; vigorously 189 大米 dà mǐ rice 190 大批 dà pī large quantity; a smart of; legion 191 大赛 dà sài contest 192 大师 dà shī great master; grandmaster; master 193 大使 dà shǐ ambassador; envoy 194 待会儿 dāi huìr after a while; later 195 担忧 dān yōu worry; be anxious; trepidation 196 单打 dān dǎ singles 197 诞生 dànshēng Be born 198 党 dǎng party 199 当 dāng When 12 200 当成 dāng chéng regard; treat as; take 201 当天 dāng tiān that day 202 当作 dàng zuò regard as; treat as 203 档 dàng pigeonhole; files; archives; crosspiece; grade 204 档案 dàng'àn archives 205 岛 dǎo island 206 到期 dào qī mature; expire; become due; maturity 207 盗版 dào bǎn piracy; illegal copy 208 道教 dào jiào Taoism 209 道歉 dàoqiàn apologize 210 低头 dī tóu head down; lower one's head; submit 211 低温 dī wēn Low temperature; hypothermia; microtherm 212 滴 dī drop 213 抵达 dǐdá Arrive 214 抵抗 dǐkàng resistance 215 地板 dì bǎn floor 216 地名 dì míng place name 217 地下室 dì xià shì basement; cellar 13 218 电车 diàn chē tram; tramcar; streetcar; trolleybus; trolley 219 电动 diàn dòng motor-driven; power-driven; electric 220 电力 diàn lì electricity; electric power 221 电器 diàn qì electric appliance; electrical equipment 222 吊 diào crane 223 调研 diào yán research; investigation 224 跌 diē fall 225 定价 dìng jià fix a price; set price; fixed price; pricing 226 定时 dìng shí timing; definite time 227 定位 dìng wèi locate; location; positioning; registration 228 动画 dòng huà cartoon; animation 229 斗争 dòuzhēng Struggle 230 都市 dū shì metropolis; city 231 毒品 dúpǐn narcotics 232 赌 dǔ gamble; bet 233 赌博 dǔbó gambling 234 渡 dù cross; ferry; tide over; ferry 14 across; crossing 235 端 duān end 236 端午节 uānwǔjié The Dragon Boat Festival 237 短片 duǎn piàn short film 238 队伍 duìwu Ranks 239 对抗 duìkàng Combat 240 对外 duì wài foreign; external 241 蹲 dūn squat 242 多半 duō bàn most; the greater part; chiefly; probably 243 多方面 duō fāng miàn multifaceted; in many aspects; many-sided 244 多媒体 duō méi tǐ multimedia 245 夺 duó seize; snatch; rob; contend for; deprive; decide 246 夺取 duó qǔ seize; wrest; strive for; snatch; taking 247 恩人 ēn rén benefactor 248 儿科 ér kē pediatrics; pediatric department 249 发病 fā bìng onset; morbidity; pathogenesis; outbreak; fall 15 ill 250 发电 fā diàn generate electricity; power generation 251 发放 fā fàng provide; grant; extend; give out; issue 252 发怒 fā nù get angry; fly into a rage; flare up; huff 253 发起 fā qǐ initiate;
Recommended publications
  • Do You Know Bruce Was Known by Many Names?
    Newspapers In Education and the Wing Luke Museum of the Asian Pacific American Experience present ARTICLE 2 DO YOU KNOW BRUCE WAS KNOWN BY MANY NAMES? “The key to immortality is living a life worth remembering.”—Bruce Lee To have one English name and one name in your family’s mother tongue is common Bruce began teaching and started for second and third generation Asian Americans. Bruce Lee had two names as well as his first school here in Seattle, on a number of nicknames he earned throughout his life. His Chinese name was given to Weller Street, and then moved it to him by his parents at birth, while it is said that a nurse at the hospital in San Francisco its more prominent location in the where he was born gave him his English name. While the world knows him primarily University District. From Seattle as Bruce Lee, he was born Lee Jun Fan on November 27, 1940. he went on to open schools in Oakland and Los Angeles, earning Bruce Lee’s mother gave birth to him in the Year of the Dragon during the Hour of the him the respectful title of “Sifu” by Dragon. His Chinese given name reflected her hope that Bruce would return to and be his many students which included Young Bruce Lee successful in the United States one day. The name “Lee Jun Fan” not only embodied the likes of Steve McQueen, James TM & (C) Bruce Lee Enterprises, LLC. All Rights Reserved. his parents’ hopes and dreams for their son, but also for a prosperous China in the Coburn, Kareem Abdul Jabbar, www.brucelee.com modern world.
    [Show full text]
  • Ideophones in Middle Chinese
    KU LEUVEN FACULTY OF ARTS BLIJDE INKOMSTSTRAAT 21 BOX 3301 3000 LEUVEN, BELGIË ! Ideophones in Middle Chinese: A Typological Study of a Tang Dynasty Poetic Corpus Thomas'Van'Hoey' ' Presented(in(fulfilment(of(the(requirements(for(the(degree(of(( Master(of(Arts(in(Linguistics( ( Supervisor:(prof.(dr.(Jean=Christophe(Verstraete((promotor)( ( ( Academic(year(2014=2015 149(431(characters Abstract (English) Ideophones in Middle Chinese: A Typological Study of a Tang Dynasty Poetic Corpus Thomas Van Hoey This M.A. thesis investigates ideophones in Tang dynasty (618-907 AD) Middle Chinese (Sinitic, Sino- Tibetan) from a typological perspective. Ideophones are defined as a set of words that are phonologically and morphologically marked and depict some form of sensory image (Dingemanse 2011b). Middle Chinese has a large body of ideophones, whose domains range from the depiction of sound, movement, visual and other external senses to the depiction of internal senses (cf. Dingemanse 2012a). There is some work on modern variants of Sinitic languages (cf. Mok 2001; Bodomo 2006; de Sousa 2008; de Sousa 2011; Meng 2012; Wu 2014), but so far, there is no encompassing study of ideophones of a stage in the historical development of Sinitic languages. The purpose of this study is to develop a descriptive model for ideophones in Middle Chinese, which is compatible with what we know about them cross-linguistically. The main research question of this study is “what are the phonological, morphological, semantic and syntactic features of ideophones in Middle Chinese?” This question is studied in terms of three parameters, viz. the parameters of form, of meaning and of use.
    [Show full text]
  • English Versions of Chinese Authors' Names in Biomedical Journals
    Dialogue English Versions of Chinese Authors’ Names in Biomedical Journals: Observations and Recommendations The English language is widely used inter- In English transliteration, two-syllable Forms of Chinese Authors’ Names nationally for academic purposes. Most of given names sometimes are spelled as two in Biomedical Journals the world’s leading life-science journals are words (Jian Hua), sometimes as one word We recently reviewed forms of Chinese published in English. A growing number (Jianhua), and sometimes hyphenated authors’ names accompanying English- of Chinese biomedical journals publish (Jian-Hua). language articles or abstracts in various abstracts or full papers in this language. Occasionally Chinese surnames are Chinese and Western biomedical journals. We have studied how Chinese authors’ two syllables (for example, Ou-Yang, Mu- We found considerable inconsistency even names are presented in English in bio- Rong, Si-Ma, and Si-Tu). Editors who are within the same journal or issue. The forms medical journals. There is considerable relatively unfamiliar with Chinese names were in the following categories: inconsistency. This inconsistency causes may mistake these compound surnames for • Surname in all capital letters followed by confusion, for example, in distinguishing given names. hyphenated or closed-up given name, for surnames from given names and thus cit- China has 56 ethnic groups. Names example, ing names properly in reference lists. of minority group members can differ KE Zhi-Yong (Chinese Journal of In the current article we begin by pre- considerably from those of Hans, who Contemporary Pediatrics) senting as background some features of constitute most of the Chinese population. GUO Liang-Qian (Chinese Chinese names.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Language and Characters
    Chinese Language and Characters Pronunciation of Chinese Words Consonants Pinyin WadeGiles Pronunciation Example: Pinyin(WadeGiles) Aspirated: p p’ pin Pao (P’ao) t t’ tip Tao (T’ao) k k’ kilt Kuan (K’uan) ch ch’ ch in, ch urch Chi (Ch’i) q ch’ ch eek Qi (Ch’i) c ts’ bi ts Cang (Ts’ang) Un- b p bin Bao (Pao) aspirated: d t dip Dao (Tao) g k gilt Guan (Kuan) r j wr en Ren (Jen) sh sh sh ore Shang (Shang) si szu Si (Szu) x hs or sh sh oe Xu (Hsu) z ts or tz bi ds Zang (Tsang) zh ch gin Zhong (Chong) zh j jeep Zhong (Jong) zi tzu Zi (Tzu) Vowels - a a father usually Italian e e ei ght values eh eh broth er yi i mach ine, p in Yi (I) i ih sh ir t Zhi (Chih) o soap u goo se ü über Dipthongs ai light ao lou d ei wei ght ia Will ia m ieh Kor ea ou gr ou p ua swa n ueh do er ui sway Hui (Hui) uo Whoah ! Combinations ian ien Tian (Tien) ui wei Wei gh Shui (Shwei) an and ang bun and b ung en and eng wood en and am ong in and ing sin and s ing ong un and ung u as in l oo k Tong (T’ung) you yu Watts, Alan; Tao The Watercourse Way, Pelican Books, 1976 http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/texts/chinlng1.html Tones 1 2 3 4 ā á ă à ē é ĕ È è Ī ī í ĭ ì ō ó ŏ ò ū ú ŭ ù Pinyin (Wade Giles) Meaning Ai Bā (Pa) Eight, see Numbers Bái (Pai) White, plain, unadorned Băi (Pai) One hundred, see Numbers Bāo Envelop Bāo (Pao) Uterus, afterbirth Bēi Sad, Sorrow, melancholy Bĕn Root, origin (Biao and Ben) see Biao Bi Bi (bei) Bian Bi āo Tip, dart, javelin, (Biao and Ben) see Ben Bin Bin Bing Bu Bu Can Cang Cáng (Ts’ang) Hidden, concealed (see Zang) Cháng Intestine Ch ōng (Ch’ung) Surging Ch ōng (Ch’ung) Rushing Chóu Worry Cóng Follow, accord with Dăn (Tan) Niche or shrine Dăn (Tan) Gall Bladder Dān (Tan) Red Cinnabar Dào (Tao) The Way Dì (Ti) The Earth, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Pinyin in Chinese Vocabulary Acquisition with English-Chinese Bilingual Learners
    St. Cloud State University theRepository at St. Cloud State Culminating Projects in TESL Department of English 12-2019 The Effect of Pinyin in Chinese Vocabulary Acquisition with English-Chinese Bilingual Learners Yahui Shi Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/tesl_etds Recommended Citation Shi, Yahui, "The Effect of Pinyin in Chinese Vocabulary Acquisition with English-Chinese Bilingual Learners" (2019). Culminating Projects in TESL. 17. https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/tesl_etds/17 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of English at theRepository at St. Cloud State. It has been accepted for inclusion in Culminating Projects in TESL by an authorized administrator of theRepository at St. Cloud State. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Effect of Pinyin in Chinese Vocabulary Acquisition with English-Chinese Bilingual learners by Yahui Shi A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of St. Cloud State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in English: Teaching English as a Second Language December, 2019 Thesis Committee: Choonkyong Kim, Chairperson John Madden Zengjun Peng 2 Abstract This study investigates Chinese vocabulary acquisition of Chinese language learners in English-Chinese bilingual contexts; the 20 participants in this study were English native speakers, who were enrolled in a Chinese immersion program in central Minnesota. The study used a matching test, and the test contains seven sets of test items. In each set, there were six Chinese vocabulary words and the English translations of three of them. The six words are listed in one column on the left, and the three translations were in another column on the right.
    [Show full text]
  • Names of Chinese People in Singapore
    101 Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 7.1 (2011): 101-133 DOI: 10.2478/v10016-011-0005-6 Lee Cher Leng Department of Chinese Studies, National University of Singapore ETHNOGRAPHY OF SINGAPORE CHINESE NAMES: RACE, RELIGION, AND REPRESENTATION Abstract Singapore Chinese is part of the Chinese Diaspora.This research shows how Singapore Chinese names reflect the Chinese naming tradition of surnames and generation names, as well as Straits Chinese influence. The names also reflect the beliefs and religion of Singapore Chinese. More significantly, a change of identity and representation is reflected in the names of earlier settlers and Singapore Chinese today. This paper aims to show the general naming traditions of Chinese in Singapore as well as a change in ideology and trends due to globalization. Keywords Singapore, Chinese, names, identity, beliefs, globalization. 1. Introduction When parents choose a name for a child, the name necessarily reflects their thoughts and aspirations with regards to the child. These thoughts and aspirations are shaped by the historical, social, cultural or spiritual setting of the time and place they are living in whether or not they are aware of them. Thus, the study of names is an important window through which one could view how these parents prefer their children to be perceived by society at large, according to the identities, roles, values, hierarchies or expectations constructed within a social space. Goodenough explains this culturally driven context of names and naming practices: Department of Chinese Studies, National University of Singapore The Shaw Foundation Building, Block AS7, Level 5 5 Arts Link, Singapore 117570 e-mail: [email protected] 102 Lee Cher Leng Ethnography of Singapore Chinese Names: Race, Religion, and Representation Different naming and address customs necessarily select different things about the self for communication and consequent emphasis.
    [Show full text]
  • Proquest Dissertations
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 UMI" ARGUMENT STRUCTURE, HPSG, AND CHINESE GRAMMAR DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Qian Gao, B.A., M.A. ******* The Ohio State University 2001 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Carl J. Pollard, Adviser Professor Peter W.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparison of the Korean and Japanese Approaches to Foreign Family Names
    15 A Comparison of the Korean and Japanese Approaches to Foreign Family Names JIN Guanglin* Abstract There are many foreign family names in Korean and Japanese genealogies. This paper is especially focused on the fact that out of approximately 280 Korean family names, roughly half are of foreign origin, and that out of those foreign family names, the majority trace their beginnings to China. In Japan, the Newly Edited Register of Family Names (新撰姓氏錄), published in 815, records that out of 1,182 aristocratic clans in the capital and its surroundings, 326 clans—approximately one-third—originated from China and Korea. Does the prevalence of foreign family names reflect migration from China to Korea, and from China and Korea to Japan? Or is it perhaps a result of Korean Sinophilia (慕華思想) and Japanese admiration for Korean and Chinese cultures? Or could there be an entirely distinct explanation? First I discuss premodern Korean and ancient Japanese foreign family names, and then I examine the formation and characteristics of these family names. Next I analyze how migration from China to Korea, as well as from China and Korea to Japan, occurred in their historical contexts. Through these studies, I derive answers to the above-mentioned questions. Key words: family names (surnames), Chinese-style family names, cultural diffusion and adoption, migration, Sinophilia in traditional Korea and Japan 1 Foreign Family Names in Premodern Korea The precise number of Korean family names varies by record. The Geography Annals of King Sejong (世宗實錄地理志, 1454), the first systematic register of Korean family names, records 265 family names, but the Survey of the Geography of Korea (東國輿地勝覽, 1486) records 277.
    [Show full text]
  • Methodology of Adaptive Prognostics and Health Management in Dynamic Work Environment
    Methodology of Adaptive Prognostics and Health Management in Dynamic Work Environment A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering of the College of Engineering and Applied Science by Jianshe Feng June 2020 B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University (2012) M.Sc. in Mechatronics Engineering, Zhejiang University (2015) Committee: Prof. Jay Lee (Chair) Prof. Jing Shi Prof. Manish Kumar Prof. Thomas Huston Dr. Hossein Davari Dr. Zongchang Liu ii Abstract Prognostics and health management (PHM) has gradually become an essential technique to improve the availability and efficiency of a complex system. With the rapid advance- ment of sensor technology and communication technology, a huge amount of real-time data are generated from various industrial applications, which brings new challenges to PHM in the context of big data streams. On one hand, high-volume stream data places a heavy demand on data storage, communication, and PHM modeling. On the other hand, continuous change and drift are essential properties of stream data in an evolving environment, which requires the PHM model to be capable to capture the new information in stream data adaptively, efficiently and continuously. This research proposes a systematic methodology to develop an effective online learning PHM with adaptive sampling techniques to fuse information from continuous stream data. An adaptive sample selection strategy is developed so that the representative samples can be effectively selected in both off-line and online environment. In addition, various data-driven models, including probabilistic models, Bayesian algorithms, incremental methods, and ensemble algorithms, are employed and integrated into the proposed methodology for model establishment and updating with important samples selected from streaming sequence.
    [Show full text]
  • Surname Methodology in Defining Ethnic Populations : Chinese
    Surname Methodology in Defining Ethnic Populations: Chinese Canadians Ethnic Surveillance Series #1 August, 2005 Surveillance Methodology, Health Surveillance, Public Health Division, Alberta Health and Wellness For more information contact: Health Surveillance Alberta Health and Wellness 24th Floor, TELUS Plaza North Tower P.O. Box 1360 10025 Jasper Avenue, STN Main Edmonton, Alberta T5J 2N3 Phone: (780) 427-4518 Fax: (780) 427-1470 Website: www.health.gov.ab.ca ISBN (on-line PDF version): 0-7785-3471-5 Acknowledgements This report was written by Dr. Hude Quan, University of Calgary Dr. Donald Schopflocher, Alberta Health and Wellness Dr. Fu-Lin Wang, Alberta Health and Wellness (Authors are ordered by alphabetic order of surname). The authors gratefully acknowledge the surname review panel members of Thu Ha Nguyen and Siu Yu, and valuable comments from Yan Jin and Shaun Malo of Alberta Health & Wellness. They also thank Dr. Carolyn De Coster who helped with the writing and editing of the report. Thanks to Fraser Noseworthy for assisting with the cover page design. i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A Chinese surname list to define Chinese ethnicity was developed through literature review, a panel review, and a telephone survey of a randomly selected sample in Calgary. It was validated with the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). Results show that the proportion who self-reported as Chinese has high agreement with the proportion identified by the surname list in the CCHS. The surname list was applied to the Alberta Health Insurance Plan registry database to define the Chinese ethnic population, and to the Vital Statistics Death Registry to assess the Chinese ethnic population mortality in Alberta.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to Names and Naming Practices
    March 2006 AA GGUUIIDDEE TTOO NN AAMMEESS AANNDD NNAAMMIINNGG PPRRAACCTTIICCEESS This guide has been produced by the United Kingdom to aid with difficulties that are commonly encountered with names from around the globe. Interpol believes that member countries may find this guide useful when dealing with names from unfamiliar countries or regions. Interpol is keen to provide feedback to the authors and at the same time develop this guidance further for Interpol member countries to work towards standardisation for translation, data transmission and data entry. The General Secretariat encourages all member countries to take advantage of this document and provide feedback and, if necessary, updates or corrections in order to have the most up to date and accurate document possible. A GUIDE TO NAMES AND NAMING PRACTICES 1. Names are a valuable source of information. They can indicate gender, marital status, birthplace, nationality, ethnicity, religion, and position within a family or even within a society. However, naming practices vary enormously across the globe. The aim of this guide is to identify the knowledge that can be gained from names about their holders and to help overcome difficulties that are commonly encountered with names of foreign origin. 2. The sections of the guide are governed by nationality and/or ethnicity, depending on the influencing factor upon the naming practice, such as religion, language or geography. Inevitably, this guide is not exhaustive and any feedback or suggestions for additional sections will be welcomed. How to use this guide 4. Each section offers structured guidance on the following: a. typical components of a name: e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Baxter-Sagart Old Chinese Reconstruction, Version 1.1 (20 September 2014) William H
    Baxter-Sagart Old Chinese reconstruction, version 1.1 (20 September 2014) William H. Baxter (⽩⼀平) and Laurent Sagart (沙加爾) order: by Mandarin and Middle Chinese The following table presents data for almost 5,000 items with Old Chinese reconstructions in the Baxter-Sagart system. Our reconstruction system and supporting arguments and evidence are presented in our book Old Chinese: a new reconstruction (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014). In this list, items are sorted in alphabetical order by pīnyīn romanization, and thereafter by Middle Chinese initial, final, and tone. The columns in the table are as follows: zi character (traditional form) py standard pronunciation in pīnyīn romanization MC ASCII-friendly Middle Chinese (MC) transcription. This is a minor modification of the notation used in Baxter (1992); for details see Baxter & Sagart (2014:9–20). For clarity, after each transcribed syllable we give the MC initial, final, and tone separately (with A, B, C, D for the traditional categories 平 píng, 上 shǎng, 去 qù, and 入 rù respectively): e.g. 處 chǔ, MC tsyhoX (tsyh- + -jo + B) ‘place’. Note that this notation is not intended as a reconstruction; rather it is intended as a convenient representation of the information on pronunciation given in Middle Chinese sources such as the Guǎngyùn 《廣韻》 and the Jīngdiǎn shìwén 《經典釋⽂》. OC Old Chinese reconstruction in the Baxter-Sagart system, sometimes with additional comments. If an element is in parentheses, this indicates that we cannot tell from present evidence whether it was there or not; it does not mean there is any positive evidence for its presence: thus the reconstruction *ŋ(r)aj for 宜 yí means that the Old Chinese form could have been either *ŋaj or *ŋraj; it does not mean we have any particular evidence to reconstruct the *-r-.
    [Show full text]