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Baxter-Sagart Old Chinese Reconstruction, Version 1.1 (20 September 2014) William H

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Baxter-Sagart Old Chinese reconstruction, version 1.1 (20 September 2014) William H. Baxter (⽩⼀平) and Laurent Sagart (沙加爾) order: by Mandarin and Middle Chinese The following table presents data for almost 5,000 items with Old Chinese reconstructions in the Baxter-Sagart system. Our reconstruction system and supporting arguments and evidence are presented in our book Old Chinese: a new reconstruction (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014). In this list, items are sorted in alphabetical order by pīnyīn romanization, and thereafter by Middle Chinese initial, final, and tone. The columns in the table are as follows: zi character (traditional form) py standard pronunciation in pīnyīn romanization MC ASCII-friendly Middle Chinese (MC) transcription. This is a minor modification of the notation used in Baxter (1992); for details see Baxter & Sagart (2014:9–20). For clarity, after each transcribed syllable we give the MC initial, final, and tone separately (with A, B, C, D for the traditional categories 平 píng, 上 shǎng, 去 qù, and 入 rù respectively): e.g. 處 chǔ, MC tsyhoX (tsyh- + -jo + B) ‘place’. Note that this notation is not intended as a reconstruction; rather it is intended as a convenient representation of the information on pronunciation given in Middle Chinese sources such as the Guǎngyùn 《廣韻》 and the Jīngdiǎn shìwén 《經典釋⽂》. OC Old Chinese reconstruction in the Baxter-Sagart system, sometimes with additional comments. If an element is in parentheses, this indicates that we cannot tell from present evidence whether it was there or not; it does not mean there is any positive evidence for its presence: thus the reconstruction *ŋ(r)aj for 宜 yí means that the Old Chinese form could have been either *ŋaj or *ŋraj; it does not mean we have any particular evidence to reconstruct the *-r-. If an element is in square brackets, it means we are uncertain about its identity: thus the reconstruction *pˤra[t]-s for 敗 bài ‘to defeat’ means that the syllable coda was either *-t or something else (in this case, *-p) which would have had the same Middle Chinese reflex as *-t. (For details see Baxter & Sagart 2014:7–8.) A hyphen “-” indicates a morpheme boundary. (We provisionally treat all cases of final *s as morphological suffixes.) Angle brackets around a prevocalic *r indicate that we consider it an infix, usually on the basis of related words without *r: for example, 塊 *[kʰ]ˤ<r>uj-s > khweajH > kuài ‘clod, lump’, also read 塊 *[kʰ]ˤuj-s > khwojH > kuài (same meaning); see Baxter & Sagart (2014:57–58). But the absence of angle brackets does not exclude the possibility that *r might be an infix. Similarly, a period “.” indicates a syllable boundary, but does not exclude the possibility that the syllable boundary might also have been a morpheme boundary. In an earlier release we also included a ‘user-friendly’ notation for our reconstructions in which parenthesized elements and square brackets were omitted, for a more compact and perhaps less confusing appearance. We have decided to discontinue this notation in favor of the present format, which more clearly indicates areas of uncertainty. Some users may wish to produce their own simplified version of the notation for some purposes, but for serious comparative and philological work the full notation should be used (see Baxter & Sagart 2014:379n7). gloss a simple gloss intended for identification only; for accurate information about meanings and grammatical categories, one of the large standard dictionaries should be consulted. GSR the number (with leading zeroes) and letter of the item in Bernhard Karlgren’s Grammata serica recensa (GSR, 1957). Characters not included in GSR are assigned a number corresponding to their phonetic element, followed by a hyphen (e.g., 賭 dǔ ‘to wager’, 0045-, whose phonetic element is GSR 0045a); characters that cannot be assigned to any of the phonetics in GSR are assigned a code “0000-” (e.g., � biān ‘whip’, 0000-) and placed at the beginning of the list. A character may be absent from GSR for several reasons: (1) Karlgren generally excluded characters that did not occur in pre-Qín texts (as far as he knew), although he included some characters from Shuōwén jiězì 《說⽂解字》. (2) He also excluded characters that did occur in pre-Qín documents but had no descendants in the later standard script. (3) He also seems to have excluded characters used only as place names. HYDZD the position of the character in Hànyǔ dà zìdiǎn 《漢語⼤字典》 (1986). This information comes from the Unihan database (http://www.unicode.org/charts/unihan.html) and has not been independently checked.. rad the number of the radical of the character (based on the 214 radicals of the Kāngxī zìdiǎn 《康熙字典》; also from the Unihan database) str the number of additional strokes in the character, apart from the radical (from the Unihan database) Unicode the hexadecimal code of the character in the UTF-16 encoding Additional notes: 1. All data are in UTF-16 encoding (little-endian). The Times New Roman font is used except for the zi column, which uses SimSun (Founder Extended). Newer versions of Times New Roman include all the necessary phonetic symbols, but free Unicode-based phonetics fonts with all the necessary symbols can also be obtained from www.sil.org (e.g. Doulos IPA). For Chinese characters, the Hanazono fonts should also be adequate (http://fonts.jp/hanazono). 2. Not all characters or words included are actually attested in pre-Qín texts. We have explicitly indicated this in many cases, but probably not all. (Often they may be identified by their lack of a regular GSR number.) We have included them for historical interest, often because they occur as early Chinese loans into other languages, or are informative about the history of the Mǐn 閩 dialects. In such cases our reconstructions represent what we believe the Old Chinese pronunciation would have been if they existed in the Old Chinese period. 3. Mandarin pronunciations are based on modern dictionaries and often differ from what we would predict on the basis of Middle Chinese; the modern pronunciations are in many cases artificial, based on anachronistic interpretations of fǎnqiè 反切 spellings, reading characters according to their phonetic element, or other irregular processes. We have not marked such irregularities explicitly. BaxterSagartOCbyMandarinMC2014-09-20 zi py MC OC gloss GSR HYDZD rad str Unicode 埃 āi 'oj ('- + -oj A) *qˤə dust 0938b 10447.15 32 7 U+57C3 哀 āi 'oj ('- + -oj A) *ʔˤəj to pity; sad 0550h 10620.10 30 6 U+54C0 藹 ǎi 'ajH ('- + -aj C) *qˤa[t]-s ample, numerous 0313a' 53328.03 140 16 U+85F9 阸 ài 'eaH ('- + -ea C) *qˤ<r>[i]k-s a narrow pass 0844g 64124.01 170 5 U+9638 隘 ài 'eaH ('- + -ea C) *qˤ<r>[i]k-s a narrow pass 0849h 64152.15 170 10 U+9698 愛 ài 'ojH ('- + -oj C) *[q]ˤə[p]-s to love; to grudge (< ‘draw close 0508a 42323.01 61 9 U+611B to oneself’?) 僾 ài 'ojH ('- + -oj C) *qˤəp-s to pant, lose the breath 0508d 10226.08 9 13 U+50FE 艾 ài ngajH (ng- + -aj C) *C.ŋˤa[t]-s Artemisia; moxa 0347c 53172.09 140 2 U+827E 鞌 ān 'an ('- + -an A) *[ʔ]ˤa[n] [place name] 0146- 74335.09 177 6 U+978C 鞍 ān 'an ('- + -an A) *[ʔ]ˤa[n] [place name] 0146- 74335.08 177 6 U+978D 安 ān 'an ('- + -an A) *[ʔ]ˤa[n] peace(ful) 0146a 20913.09 40 3 U+5B89 安 ān 'an ('- + -an A) *[ʔ]ˤa[n] how 0146a 20913.09 40 3 U+5B89 安 ān 'an ('- + -an A) *[ʔ]ˤa[n] 安息 Ānxī (Iranian country in the 0146a 20913.09 40 3 U+5B89 western regions, W. Hàn; from Aršaka = Arsaces, founder of the Arsacid dynasty) 晻 ǎn 'omX ('- + -om B) *qˤ[o]mʔ dark 0614e 21517.13 72 8 U+667B 按 àn 'anH ('- + -an C) *ʔˤa[n]-s repress 0146d 31876.01 64 6 U+6309 案 àn 'anH ('- + -an C) *ʔˤa[n]-s stool; tray 0146e 21207.08 75 6 U+6848 晻 àn 'omH ('- + -om C) *qˤ[o]m(ʔ)-s dark 0614e 21517.13 72 8 U+667B 暗 àn 'omH ('- + -om C) *qˤum-s dark 0653h 21526.06 72 9 U+6697 黬 àn keam (k- + -eam A) *[k]ˤr[ə]m black blot 0671k 74752.11 203 9 U+9EEC 岸 àn nganH (ng- + -an C) *[ŋ]ˤa[r]-s bank of a river 0139e' 10766.04 46 5 U+5CB8 豻 àn nganH (ng- + -an C) *m-[ɢ]ˤa[r]-s wild dog 0139d' 63908.03 153 3 U+8C7B 卬 áng ngang (ng- + -ang A) *[k.ŋ]ˤaŋ high; lift high 0699a 10310.12 26 2 U+536C 卬 áng ngang (ng- + -ang A) *ŋˤaŋ I, me 0699a 10310.12 26 2 U+536C 㼜 àng 'angH ('- + -ang C) *ʔˤaŋ-s basin; (tublike:) swollen 0718j 21423.10 98 5 U+3F1C 敖 áo ngaw (ng- + -aw A) *[ŋ]ˤaw tall 1130a 21456.13 66 7 U+6556 囂 áo ngaw (ng- + -aw A) *[ŋ]ˤaw clamor, many voices; arrogant 1140a 10706.05 30 18 U+56C2 敖 áo ngaw (ng- + -aw A) *ŋˤaw saunter about 1130a 21456.13 66 7 U+6556 嗸 áo ngaw (ng- + -aw A) *ŋˤaw distressed cry 1130f 10664.05 30 11 U+55F8 Page 1 of 161 BaxterSagartOCbyMandarinMC2014-09-20 熬 áo ngaw (ng- + -aw A) *ŋˤaw fry, roast (v.) 1130h 32226.04 86 11 U+71AC 媼 ǎo 'awX ('- + -aw B) *ʔˤuʔ old woman 1244e 21071.21 38 10 U+5ABC 奧 ào 'awH ('- + -aw C) *ʔˤuk-s southwest corner of a house 1045a 10547.03 37 10 U+5967 澳 ào 'awH ('- + -aw C) *ʔˤuk-s bay, cove 1045b 31744.08 85 13 U+6FB3 巴 bā pae (p- + -ae A) *pˤra snake 0039a 20985.01 49 1 U+5DF4 巴 bā pae (p- + -ae A) *pˤra [place name] 0039a 20985.01 49 1 U+5DF4 豝 bā pae (p- + -ae A) *pˤra sow, pig 0039d 63612.05 152 4 U+8C5D 八 bā peat (p- + -eat D) *pˤret eight 0281a 10241.03 12 0 U+516B 軷 bá bat (b- + -at D) *[b]ˤ[a]t sacrifice to the gods of the road 0276e 53520.06 159 5 U+8EF7 茇 bá bat (b- + -at D) *m-pˤ[a]t halt in the open 0276g 53189.02 140 5 U+8307 拔 bá beat (b- + -eat D) *bˤ<r>ot uproot 0276h 31850.03 64 5 U+62D4 茇 bá pat (p- + -at D) *pˤ[a]t halt in the open 0276g 53189.02 140 5 U+8307 胈 bá pat (p- + -at D) *pˤot small hairs on body; roots of grass 0276f 32057.07 130 5 U+80C8
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    A DICTIONARY OF THE CHUJ (MAYAN) LANGUAGE As Spoken in San Mateo Ixtatán, Huehuetenango, Guatemala ca. 1964-65 CHUJ – ENGLISH WITH SOME SPANISH GLOSSES Nicholas A. Hopkins, Ph. D. © Jaguar Tours 2012 3007 Windy Hill Lane Tallahassee, Florida 32308 [email protected] i A DICTIONARY OF THE CHUJ (MAYAN) LANGUAGE: INTRODUCTION Nicholas A. Hopkins The lexical data reported in this Chuj-English dictionary were gathered during my dissertation field work in 1964-65. My first exposure to the Chuj language was in 1962, when I went to Huehuetenango with Norman A. McQuown and Brent Berlin to gather data on the languages of the Cuchumatanes (Berlin et al. 1969). At the time I was a graduate student at the University of Texas, employed as a research assistant on the University of Chicago's Chiapas Study Projects, directed by McQuown (McQuown and Pitt-Rivers 1970). Working through the Maryknoll priests who were then the Catholic clergy in the indigenous areas of Huehuetenango and elsewhere in Guatemala, we recorded material, usually in the form of 100-word Swadesh lists (for glottochronology), from several languages. The sample included two speakers of the Chuj variety of San Mateo Ixtatán (including the man who was later to become my major informant). In the Spring of 1962, as field work for the project wound down, I returned to Austin to finish drafting my Master's thesis, and then went on to Chicago to begin graduate studies in Anthropology at the University of Chicago, with McQuown as my major professor. I continued to work on Chiapas project materials in McQuown's archives, and in 1963 he assigned me the Chuj language as the topic of my upcoming doctoral dissertation.
  • UNIT 1 味道怎么样？ [Wèi-Dào Zěn-Me Yàng?] How Is the Taste?

    UNIT 1 味道怎么样？ [Wèi-Dào Zěn-Me Yàng?] How Is the Taste?

    1 UNIT 1 味道怎么样？ [wèi-dào zěn-me yàng?] How is the taste? The following is a conversation between the waitress at 好好茶餐廳 and a customer whom just arrived at the restaurant. : 你好，请问⼏位？(nǐ*-hǎo, qǐng-wèn jǐ wèi?) 你好，请问⼏位？(nei5-hou2, cing2-man6 gei2-wai2?) Hi, How many people please? : 两位，谢谢。(liǎng-wèi, xiè-xie) 两位，唔该。 (loeng5-wai2, m4-goi1) Two people, please. 我们已经订位了。(wǒ-men yǐ-jīng dìng-wèi le) 我哋已经订咗位。(ngo5-dei6 ji5-ging1 deng6 zo2 wai2) We already made a reservation. : 好的。请问你叫什么名字？(hǎo-de. qǐng-wèn nǐ jiào shén-me míng-zì?) 好。请问你叫咩名呀？(hou2. cing2-man6 nei5 giu3 me1 meng2 aa3?) Okay. What is your name, please? : 我姓叶。(wǒ xìng yè) 我姓叶。(ngo5 sing3 jip6) My last name is Yip. : 我找到了，两位请跟我来。(wǒ* zhǎo dào le, liǎng wèi qǐng gēn wǒ lái) 我搵到喇。两位请跟我嚟。(ngo5 wan2 dou2 laa3. loeng5-wai2 cing2 gan1 ngo5 lei4) Original material under copyright, 2020 Jade Jia Ying Wu 2 I found it, please come follow me. : 请问两位想喝什么? (qǐng-wèn liǎng-wèi xiǎng hē shén-me?) 请问两位想饮咩呀？(cing2-man6 loeng5-wai2 soeng2 jam2 me1 aa3?) What would you two like to drink? : 我想要⼀杯港式奶茶。(wǒ* xiǎng yào yì-bēi gǎng shì nǎi-chá) 我想要⼀杯港式奶茶。(ngo5 soeng2 jiu3 jat1-bui1 gong2-sik1 naai5-caa4) I would like a Hong Kong-style milk tea. : 我要⽔就⾏了。(wǒ yào shuǐ jiù xíng le) 我要⽔就得喇。(ngo5 jiu3 seoi2 zau6 dak1 laa3) Water is fine for me. : 你们想吃什么？(nǐ-men xiǎng chī shén-me?) 你哋想⾷咩呀？(nei5-dei6 soeng2 sik6 me1 aa3?) What would you like to eat? : 我想要⼀个鲜虾馄饨⾯。(wǒ xiǎng* yào yí-gè xiān xiā hún-tūn miàn) 我想要⼀個鲜虾馄饨⾯。(ngo5 soeng2 jiu3 jat1-go3 sin1 haa1 wan4-tan1 min6) I would like a shrimp wonton noodle soup.
  • Arxiv:1911.02973V4 [Math.AG] 17 Jul 2021 Ise Erc Ouio Oaie Manifolds

    Arxiv:1911.02973V4 [Math.AG] 17 Jul 2021 Ise Erc Ouio Oaie Manifolds

    PICARD THEOREMS FOR MODULI SPACES OF POLARIZED VARIETIES YA DENG, STEVEN LU, RUIRAN SUN, AND KANG ZUO Abstract. As a result of our study of the hyperbolicity of the moduli space of polarized manifold, we give a general big Picard theorem for a holomorphic curve on a log-smooth pair (X, D) such that W = X \ D admits a Finsler pseudometric that is strongly negatively curved when pulled back to the curve. We show, by some refinements of the classical Viehweg-Zuo construction, that this latter condition holds for the base space W , if nonsingular, of any algebraic family of polarized complex projective manifolds with semi-ample canonical bundles whose induced moduli map φ to the moduli space of such manifolds is generically finite and any φ-horizontal holomorphic curve in W . This yields the big Picard theorem for any holomorphic curves in the base space U of such an algebraic family by allowing this base space to be singular but with generically finite moduli map. An immediate and useful corollary is that any holomorphic map from an algebraic variety to such a base space U must be algebraic, i.e., the corresponding holomorphic family must be algebraic. We also show the related algebraic hyperbolicity property of such a base space U, which generalizes previous Arakelov inequalities and weak boundedness results for moduli stacks and offers, in addition to the Picard theorem above, another evidence in favor of the hyperbolic embeddability of such an U. Contents 1. Introduction 2 1.1. The big Picard theorem and Borel hyperbolicity 4 1.2.