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Symbolics of Lion in Bulgarian History

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HA, iaAxJci itafi&piidu \ uzaaAlcuv c^L&tMM V 1' 1 HU AC I Al T KRIS TY < BLir» 1 w \ s v *i '> V 1 k. lA -^m V i^ i>\* (I Hat? : i r V\l : ! C I <T A V J *"n £ j. Hill lb > I » *-^*j*. --• ** i 1 - fl ' *// I> A «£ b • A kl 1 c \ o / -x .\ * '') . f ^ I M -A vk I ' 1 / Jtmh -it/ » ' 7 i I A R *• S ^ - 7 r ( i ,i ' i- I rv 1 ! ! \ S 1 V I rt > if A —i - i HaM-paHHMTeM3o6pa>KeHMflHa/i"bBOT6"b/irapcKMTe The earliest images of lion found on 3eMM AOCTHraT ao Hac 6/iaroflapeHwe Ha Bulgarian territory have reached us npon3BeAeHM?iTa Ha TpaKMMCKM m ny>KAn MawcTopn thanks to the works of the Thracian and m 6e3yc/iOBHO ce Hape>KAaT cpefl lueAbOBpnTe Ha foreign artists and are beyond doubt ApeBHOTO Ky/7TypHO HaC/ieACTBO. among the masterpieces of the ancient cultural heritage. npe3 V BeK npeAn XpHCTa, 3a j\a MoraT Aa ce npoTMBonocTaBHT Ha In the 5th century B.C., in order to HaTUCKa Ha BOMCKme Ha npo- resist the pressure of the armies, MyTHfl nepcuPtCKM uap flapnw led by the famous Persian king I, TpaKMMCKMTe n/ieMeHa Darius I, the Thracian tribes 6min npuHyAeHM Aa ce were forced to unite. This oSeAHHAT. ToBa aoseno led to the foundation of AO c-b3AaBaHeTO Ha Or- the Odrysian Kingdom, PUCKOTO UapCTBO, KO- which is considered eTO ce CMHTa 3a eAHO one of the most ot HaPi-flpKMTe B"bn/Tb- glaring examples of meHMfl Ha BoeHHO-no- military and political /iMTHMecKaTa molu b power in the ancient HCTopMHTa Ha flpeBHa Thracian history. TpaKHa. B/iaAeTe/inTe The the Odrysian Ha OAPMCMTe m TexHUTe rulers and their npn6/in>KeHH ca npwTe- entourages possessed >KaBa/in m n3no/i3Ba/in no- and used most of the ro/i^MaTa nacT ot 3/iaTHHTe golden treasures, which cbKpoBMLna, komto AHec Kpa- nowadays may be seen in CflT BMTpMHMTe Ha My3eme HH the museums and spread the n pa3HacflT c/iaBaTa Ha BwirapHfl fame of Bulgaria as a home of no ue/infl CBflT KaTO poA^na Ha ApeB- ancient and rich culture all over Ha m 6oraTa Ky/uypa. the world. Kyna (cpe6po c no3fiara, IV B. Up. Xp.) OT CbKpOBMLUe Hd I ojjpMCKHTe uape, HaMepeno J^eiaiAn - Me/ja/ibOH-bT I npw BopoBO, PyceHCKO. Ha AbHoro Ha ch/ja, M3o6pa3XBatu rpn0OH, crpa6^M/i chpHa. Bowl (silver with gilt, 4th century B.C.) form the Detail - the medallion treasure of the Odrysian on the bowl bottom kings, found near Borovo, depicting a griffon Rousse district r clutching a deer. ^ n '- *m r: 3/iareH Harph/jH^K, • Baujoea Mom/ia, e AyBaH/iM. '» Silver with gilt amphora > from the Kukova Mogila ' treasure, Duvanli district 3/iaTHMTe Harp-bflHMUM, HaKMTH m an/inKaunn no The golden breastplates, jewellery and appliques on the OflexflMTe Ha TpaKntfcHTe Mape, no3/iaTeHHTe garments of the Thracian kings, the gilt decorations yKpacn 3a Ko/iecHnua, mwTOBeTe m 6/iflCKaBaTa KOHCKa on the chariots and the shields, the flary horse harnesses aMyHMMMJi CTaBaT o6nMatfHH OTJiMMHTe/iHii e/ieMeHTii Ha become the usual distinctive elements of the Thracian TpaKuPicKMfl apMCTOKpaTuneH e/iMT. TaKa ce nosiBflBaT noble elite. Thus the earliest effigies of lions have n Haw-paHHUTe n3o6pa>KeHM^ Ha n'bsa Karo e/iMH ot appeared as one of the symbols of the royal ideology in CMMBO/iUTe Ha uapcKaTa wfleo/iorMa b flpeBHMfl cbat. the Ancient world. Cpe6hpHa dM0opa c Silver with gilt amphora no3nara or cbKpoBMmero or from the Kukova Mogila KyKyBa Monona, /JyBaH/M. treasure, Duvanli distict. C-bKpOBMLHeTO OT The Kukova Mogila KyKOBa Morn/ia Kpafi treasure, found AyBaH.nn, flaTHpaHO kt>m VI near Duvanli and dated - V b. np. Xp., HameflHO around the 6th-5th npeacraBfl HeoSxoAHMOcrra century B.C., clearly ot nepcoHncjDMUMpaHeTo presents the necessity Ha uapcKaTa B/iacT c for personification of onpefle/ieHu chmbo/ih. the royal power with Cn/ieH pecneKT m distinctive symbols. The CTpaxonoMMTaHMe two lion heads with horns, BHyiuaBaT ABeTe /TbBCKn gracefully depicted on r/iaBu c pora, n/iacTMMHO the handles of a gilt silver npeAa,qeHM B~bpxy amphora, inspire with Ap-b^KMTe Ha cpe6tpHa strong sense of awe and aMc()opa c no3/iaTa. Ha respect. On one of the lion e/iHa OT/rbBCKUTe (Jwrypw figures there is a spout for e nocraBeH nynyp 3a - pouring liquids. fleraiiji Detail H3/lHBaHe Ha TeHHOCT. Ap-bMKara hb - the amphora aM0opara. handle. ' K I HarptAHMK c Breastplate with pe/iecp Ha ntBoae, embossed figures of npec/ieflBawM chpHH, lions, chasing deer, 5th V e. np. Xp., mpaKuucKU century B.C., Thracian enademencKU apod kings tomb near '*,, npu c. WepH03e/w, Chernozem village, flnoeduecKO. Plovdiv district. i OOOO C-bKpoBHinero OT BopoBO (P/CeHCKO) The treasure from Borovo (Rousse) e pMTya/ieH cepBW3, npeAHa3HaMeH is a ritual set, used for religious 3a pe/inrno3HHTe npaKTHKH Ha ApeBHMTe practices by the ancient Thracians. TpaKM. 3a Hero yneHHTe n3Ka3BaT pa3- The scientists have suggested many /immhh xwnoTe3i/i, noBeMeTO ot kohto ro hypothesizes regarding this treasure, CB"bp3BaT C KyHTa K"bM flMOHUC. most of which related to the Cult of B-bpxy KaHMMKaTa-pnTOH ot TOBa Dionysus. On the rhyton jug from CTDKposniue e M3o6pa3eHa cueHa, kohto this treasure there is a scene, which Har/ie.qHO npeACTaB* HaMMHa Ha rineHe graphically portrays the way of ot puTOHHTe, n3no/i3BaHn no BpeMe Ha drinking from rhytons, used during TpaKMHCKUTe nupiuecTBa- the Thracian feasts. of KoraTo pa3r/ie>KflaMe My3efiHMTe KO/ieK- On seeing the museum collections start Umh c npeflMeTn ot TpaKMMCKO BpeMe, objects from Thracian times, we BepoflTHo ce nuTaMe 3amo npeACTaBM- wondering why the representatives of Te/iMTe Ha Ta3M ApeBHa i4WBn/iii3auwfl ca this ancient civilization have used so B/iara/in TO/iKOBa MHoro 6e3ueHHM weTa- many priceless metals and artistic in workmanship of those /in m xyqowecTBeH yceT b M3pa6oTKaTa sense the Ha Te3H CK"bnn cbAOBe? expensive utensils. CnopeA yneHUTe b ApeBHOCTTa uap- According to the scientists, in CKMTe nupOBe He ca 6m/im B-b3npneMa- Antiquity the royal feasts were hh KaTO o6nKHOBeHM yromeHkifl, a KaTO not perceived as ordinary treats, eAUH ot Haw-6/iacKaBMTe cmmbo/ih Ha but as some of the most splendid B/iaAeTe/iCKaTa hhctmtyuha. nniuHHHT symbols of the ruler's institution. pMTya/i, CB-bp3aH c MarnnecKaTa cn/ia The magnificent ritual related to Ha bmhoto, BC-binHOCT npec*b3AaBa/i ue- the magical power of wine actually peMOHMaJlHO-COUHa/IHMTe OTHOLUeHMfl ceremonially reproduced the social b TpaKMMCKaTa apwcTOKpauna. nMpt>T relations in the Thracian aristocracy. feast the role v\3r\~br\H9\Ban po/ia Ha CBoeo6pa3eH uap- The was rendered ckm cbBeT. BceKM rod 3aeMa/i mhcto, of an original royal counsel. Every C"bOTBeTCTBaLL|0 Ha MepapXhMHOTO HMBO guest took a seat, corresponding to B 06U4eCTB0T0, C KOeTO Ce M3IOlK)MBa/10 his hierarchical social rank and this npMctCTBMeTO Ha HenocBeTeHM yMacTHM- excluded the presence of uninitiated participants. PMT0HPi3HpaHa KaHtMKd (cpe6po c no3/iara) or Silver with gilt rhyton jug from the Borovo EopOBCKoro cbKpoBume, PyceHCKQ, IV e. np. Xp. treasure, Rousse district, 4th century B.C. \: > .• rp-bUKMAT MCTopiiK KceHOC^oHT fl,asa onncaHne Ha The Greek historian Xenophon describes such a TaKOBa nupiuecTBO, npoBefleHO b ABopa Ha TpaKHtfcKM?] feast organized in the court of the Thracian ruler B/iaAGTe/i CeBT II. Ot Hero HaynaBaMe MHTepecHu Seuthes II. From him we learn interesting details for the noApo6HOCTM 3a o6nMafl "no6paTMM*BaHe": M36npaHeTO Ha "fraternization" rite: the selection of a "friend" to the "npHHTe/i" Ha uapa ce onpeaennno ot /ihhhhtc KanecTBa ruler was determined by the personal qualities and social m o6mecrBeHO no/ioweHne Ha KaHAMAaTMTe. 06peAvr ce position of the candidates. The ritual was carried out ocbLiiecTBflBa/i ^pe3 eflHOBpeMeHHO nweHe ot eAMH 06m by simultaneous drinking from one vessel, full of wine, cbfl, nwieH c bhho, npuMeceHO c Kp^BTa Ha 6-bAemnTe mixed with the blood of the future sworn brothers. This no6paTHMM. T^kmo 3a TOBa cnywena aMcJ)opaTa-pnTOH ot was exactly the purpose of the rhyton amphora from the cbKpoBMLyeTo b KyKOBa Morula. treasure, found in Kukova Mogila. Uap^T MO>Ke/i fla M3no/i3Ba no6paTHMHBaHeTO npw The king could use the fraternization to fasten a political CKpenBaHeTo Ha AaAeH no/iHTwnecKH cbK>3, KaKTO n npn alliance as well as in dynasty marriages. AHHacTHMecKM 6paKOBe. HaHOCHHK OT KOHCKa aMyHMLiHfr, cpe6po c no3/idTa, c. CBemapw, V b. up. Xp. Nose cover plate of horse trappings, gilt silver, 5th century B.C., Sveshtari village. CKwcpoc, cpe6po c no3naiaf orwia npw rp. Crpe/wa, VIV e. np. Xp. Skifos, silver with gilt, from the mound near the town of Strelcha, 4th century B.C. J™| peBHMBT mctophk XepoAOT ct>mo oniiCBa MHTepecHM ancient historian Herodotus also describes interesting M The jLJ|fleTaMnM ot noAo6HO nwpwecTBo: BeAHt>>K b roAHHaTa details from similar carousal: "Once per year the ruler B/iafleTe/iflT npwroTB* cbA 3a CMecBaHe Ha bhhoto. Ot to3h prepares a vessel for mixing of the wine. From this vessel C"bA nuaT caMO Twn, kohto ca y6nnw Bpar. A tms, komto He drink only those who have killed an enemy. And those, ca ycne/in #a y6n^T ome Bpar, He MoraT aa nn*T bhho ot who have still not managet to kill an enemy, cannot drink T03M ci>a w ca fljrwKHM Aa ctoat HacTpaHa KaTO ono3opeHM. wine from this vessel and are obliged to stay aside as 3a CKMTUTe TOBa e Haw-cpaMHOTO ot bchmko.
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    GOOD PRACTICES Partner Organisation KU TU Ltd. Bulgaria 1 – Organization / Individuals Name Union of South-East Region Local Authorities Country Bulgaria Type of Organization Union of municipalities Address Website www.userla-immigrants.com Contact [email protected] 2 – Action / Project / Activity Enhancing social and economic activity of third country Title immigrants from the territory of South East Region in Bulgaria Project funded under the European Integration Fund Duration 1 April – 30 June 2013 Category Production and Use of Innovative online Materials Description Target group: Immigrants Methodology: The project uses training materials grouped in 4 modules, each of which upgrades upon the previous and creates a basis for the subsequent module. 3 – Products / Results What type of products/ resources? Online resources The website includes the following sections: • Bulgarian language, including basic language knowledge, communication skills, reading and writing skills – This module includes basic knowledge of the spoken and written language rules – alphabet, consonants and vowels, question words, word Description order, verbs and nouns. The module features interactive movie clips with sample dialogues typically encountered in real-world situations • Citizenship Orientation – The module covers basic things like the national anthem and coat of arms of Bulgaria, the executive, judicial and legislative branches of the government, the regional and national institutions dealing with immigration matters, health insurance, education, etc. • Entrepreneurship and starting a business – The module covers the legal framework and various regulations related to starting your own business. • History and cultural traditions – The module lays out the basic and most characteristic aspects of Bulgarian customs and traditions. • Additional section for kids – colors, animals, Bulgarian fairy tales The website is available in Bulgarian, English and Russian.
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