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Moüjmtaiim Operations
L f\f¿ áfó b^i,. ‘<& t¿ ytn) ¿L0d àw 1 /1 ^ / / /This publication contains copyright material. *FM 90-6 FieW Manual HEADQUARTERS No We DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Washington, DC, 30 June 1980 MOÜJMTAIIM OPERATIONS PREFACE he purpose of this rUanual is to describe how US Army forces fight in mountain regions. Conditions will be encountered in mountains that have a significant effect on. military operations. Mountain operations require, among other things^ special equipment, special training and acclimatization, and a high decree of self-discipline if operations are to succeed. Mountains of military significance are generally characterized by rugged compartmented terrain witn\steep slopes and few natural or manmade lines of communication. Weather in these mountains is seasonal and reaches across the entireSspectrum from extreme cold, with ice and snow in most regions during me winter, to extreme heat in some regions during the summer. AlthoughNthese extremes of weather are important planning considerations, the variability of weather over a short period of time—and from locality to locahty within the confines of a small area—also significantly influences tactical operations. Historically, the focal point of mountain operations has been the battle to control the heights. Changes in weaponry and equipment have not altered this fact. In all but the most extreme conditions of terrain and weather, infantry, with its light equipment and mobility, remains the basic maneuver force in the mountains. With proper equipment and training, it is ideally suited for fighting the close-in battfe commonly associated with mountain warfare. Mechanized infantry can\also enter the mountain battle, but it must be prepared to dismount and conduct operations on foot. -
Regulamin Odznaki „Korona Gór Europy” I
REGULAMIN ODZNAKI „KORONA GÓR EUROPY” I. Postanowienia wstępne. 1. Odznaka „Korona Gór Europy” została ustanowiona w 2019 r., przez Hutniczo-Miejski Oddział PTTK w Krakowie. Nadzór nad nią sprawuje Hutniczo-Miejski Oddział PTTK w Krakowie. Celem odznaki jest zaktywizowanie turystów górskich do zdobywania bardziej wymagających szczytów i poznawania piękna naszego kontynentu. 2. Odznaka „Korona Gór Europy” obejmuje wszystkie najwyższe szczyty w poszczególnych 47. państwach Europy, zgodnie z załączonym wykazem. II. Zasady zdobywania odznaki. 1. Odznakę może zdobyć każdy, bez względu na obywatelstwo, wiek, członkostwo w organizacji turystycznej. 2. Odznaka posiada trzy stopnie: a) brązowa – przyznawana za zdobycie 16. różnych szczytów, dowolnie wybranych z załączonego wykazu, przy czym trzy szczyty muszą mieć wysokość powyżej dwóch tysięcy metrów; b) srebrna – przyznawana za zdobycie 32. różnych szczytów, dowolnie wybranych z załączonego wykazu, przy czym sześć szczytów musi mieć wysokość powyżej dwóch tysięcy metrów; c) złota – przyznawana za zdobycie wszystkich 47. szczytów z załączonego wykazu. 3. Podczas weryfikowania odznaki uwzględniane są szczyty zdobyte od 1.01.2000 r. Czas zdobywania kolejnych szczytów jest nieograniczony. 4. Wyznaczone szczyty mogą być zdobywane indywidualnie lub zespołowo i w ramach zdobywania innych odznak turystycznych. 5. Podczas wędrówek należy przestrzegać zasad bezpiecznego i racjonalnego uprawiania turystyki górskiej, przestrzegać zasad i odnośnych przepisów prawa obowiązujących w poszczególnych państwach -
Definicije Težavnosti Tur V Kopnem in V Snegu Ter Primeri Tur - 31.05.2019 Splošno
DEFINICIJE TEŽAVNOSTI TUR V KOPNEM IN V SNEGU TER PRIMERI TUR - 31.05.2019 SPLOŠNO Definicije in primeri tur so napisani prvenstveno kot usmeritve vodenja v posameznih kategorijah – zgornja meja vodenja, poleg tega pa tudi kot usmeritve za opravljanje pogojev pred pristopom k izpitu za posamezno kategorijo oziroma pogojev tur za pridobitev posamezne kategorije. 1. Za pogoje (število opravljenih tur do dneva prijave na tečaj (izpita) oziroma za pridobitev kategorije) veljajo datumi, nadmorska višina, zemljepisni položaj. Tu se lahko zgodi, da nekdo opravi "kopno" turo v snegu in "snežno" v kopnem. 2. Za vodenje veljajo stvarne razmere. Tu se lahko zgodi, da nekdo opravi snežno turo poleti in kopno pozimi oz. mora turo odpovedati ali prekiniti, če nima ustrezne kategorije. 3. Te definicije veljajo samo za določanje licence vodenja posameznih vodniških kategorij in za pregled izpolnjevanja pogoja tur. 4. V specifičnih primerih oziroma primerih, kjer se s pomočjo definicij teže določi težavnost, velja tista težavnost, ki jo sprejme SOKR VK PZS. 6. O tem, če je neka smer plezalna smer oz alpinistična tura ali ni, odloča Komisija za alpinizem pri PZS. TURO štejemo kot gibanje od izhodišča (bivališče, začasno bivališče, vznožje pogorja, gore) in nazaj na nek vrh ali več vrhov ali drugačen cilj v enem zamahu (lahko tudi več dni) in nazaj, kadar je bila za dosego cilja potrebna kakršna koli organizacijska priprava in kadar je bilo za izvedbo po normativu potrebno najmanj 2 uri. V primeru planinske ture, ki traja več dni, se vsak začeti tretji dan na turi šteje kot nova tura. V pogojih števila tur za posamezne kategorije napisane številke pomenijo različne ture. -
EUROPE a Albania • National Historical Museum – Tirana, Albania
EUROPE A Albania • National Historical Museum – Tirana, Albania o The country's largest museum. It was opened on 28 October 1981 and is 27,000 square meters in size, while 18,000 square meters are available for expositions. The National Historical Museum includes the following pavilions: Pavilion of Antiquity, Pavilion of the Middle Ages, Pavilion of Renaissance, Pavilion of Independence, Pavilion of Iconography, Pavilion of the National Liberation Antifascist War, Pavilion of Communist Terror, and Pavilion of Mother Teresa. • Et'hem Bey Mosque – Tirana, Albania o The Et’hem Bey Mosque is located in the center of the Albanian capital Tirana. Construction was started in 1789 by Molla Bey and it was finished in 1823 by his son Ethem Pasha (Haxhi Ethem Bey), great- grandson of Sulejman Pasha. • Mount Dajt – Tirana, Albania o Its highest peak is at 1,613 m. In winter, the mountain is often covered with snow, and it is a popular retreat to the local population of Tirana that rarely sees snow falls. Its slopes have forests of pines, oak and beech. Dajti Mountain was declared a National Park in 1966, and has since 2006 an expanded area of about 29,384 ha. It is under the jurisdiction and administration of Tirana Forest Service Department. • Skanderbeg Square – Tirana, Albania o Skanderbeg Square is the main plaza of Tirana, Albania named in 1968 after the Albanian national hero Skanderbeg. A Skanderbeg Monument can be found in the plaza. • Skanderbeg Monument – Skanderberg Square, Tirana, Albania o The monument in memory of Skanderbeg was erected in Skanderbeg Square, Tirana. -
Název Prezentace
4. Tourist attractions in Central European. Countries Předmět: The Tourist Attractions in the Czech Republic and in the World Geography of Switzerland The beautiful, mountainous country of Switzerland is landlocked in south-central Europe, and remains one of the most popular travel destinations on the planet. Mountains cover 60% of Switzerland's land area, with ranges of the Alps in the south and the Jura Mountains to the north. Switzerland's highest point is Dufourspitze (Monte Rosa), in the Pennine Alps, which rises to (4,634 m). Also located within the Pennine Alps is the infamous Matterhorn whose summit is (4,478 m) high. Moving north, the Rhine River makes up much of Switzerland's border with Germany, as well as part of Lake Constance. Switzerland's two largest lakes are Lake Geneva (shared with France) and Lake Neuchatel - which is the largest lake entirely within the country's borders. The main tourist attractions in Switzerland The Matterhorn, Switzerland's iconic pointed peak is one of the highest mountains in the Alps. On the border with Italy, this legendary peak rises to 4,478 meters, and its four steep faces lie in the direction of the compass points. The first summiting in 1865 ended tragically when four climbers fell to their death during the descent. Today, thousands of experienced climbers come here each summer. One of the most popular experiences in the beautiful Bernese Oberland is the train journey to Jungfraujoch, the "Top of Europe," with an observation terrace and scientific observatory perched at 3,454 meters. The longest glacier in Europe, the Great Aletsch Glacier begins at Jungfraujoch, and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. -
Insight September 2019
Monthly Newsletter September 2019 September INSIDE THIS ISSUE The Art of Global Warming IFRS Survey Results 2 UPCOMING EVENTS Environment 3-4 IFRS17 Program Update Forum Technology 5 Sunsystems Q&A Webinar Millennium News 6-8 Economy 9-10 1 IFRS17 PROGRAM UPDATE SURVEY During July and August 2019, an online survey was conducted by Millennium Consulting which asked international insurance companies questions about their IFRS 17 compliance programs. Participants. Participants included Finance Directors, Chief Actuaries, IT Directors and Senior Risk Managers. Participating regions. A large response was received from insurers in the following countries: UK, Netherlands, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland, Morocco, Mexico, Hong Kong, China, Thailand, Taiwan and Australia. Significant outcomes • As expected, IFRS 17 compliance was identified as being primarily the responsibility of the Finance department although 47% of the responses suggested that it was a joint Finance, Actuarial, IT, Risk and Underwriting responsibility. • Compliance is managed centrally by almost 70% of the participants with only 28% having autonomy to implement their own local solutions. • 9% of respondents indicated that pure IFRS 17 compliance was their primary goal whilst 36% stated it was a catalyst for a broader Finance Transformation program. • 31% of the respondents reported that their IFRS 17 implementations were underway whereas 39% were still working on the detailed design. • Confidence in achieving IFRS 17 compliance within the current time scales is high with only 9% suggesting it would not be possible. • SAS was identified as the most popular technology for CSM calculation with 17% of the respondents having selected it. • The primary area of concern relates to data with 20% identifying data integration as of greatest concern. -
Zla Kolata 2534 M Aukščiausias Kalnas Juodkalnijoje Eina Per Sieną Su Albanija ( Foto1-2)
LIETUVOS ALPINIZMO ČEMPIONATAS ĮKOPIMO ATASKAITA 10 Europos viršūnių Lietuvos 100–mečiui Zla Kolata 2534 m aukščiausias kalnas Juodkalnijoje eina per sieną su Albanija ( foto1-2) Zla Kolata 2534 m 2017 metai Bendrieji duomenys Įkopimo data: 2017.09.22 vasaros sezonas Klasė: Techninė Valstybė, kalnų rajonas: Juodkalnija, Prokletijės kalnai (serb. Проклетије, alb. Bjeshkët e Nemuna, 'Prakeiktieji kalnai') arba Šiaurės Albanijos Alpės (alb. Alpet Shqiptare) – Dinarų kalnams priklausantis kalnų masyvas Albanijos, Juodkalnijos ir Serbijos (Kosovo) teritorijose. Viršūnės pavadinimas ir aukštis: Zla Kolata 2534 m (juodkal. Зла Колата, alb. Kolata e Keq) aukščiausias kalnas Juodkalnijoje (Montenegro). Dalyviai: Vytautas Bukauskas Shahshah 2940 m. (1986), Ostryj Tolbaček 3682 m (1988), Ploskij Tolbaček 3085 m (1988), Bezimianij 2885 m (1988), Gamčen 2576 m (1988), Tiatia 1819 m (1989), Ţima 1214 m, (1990), Kala Patthar 5644 m. ( 1991), Island Peak 6189 m (1992), Kilimandţaras 5895 m. ( 2004), Suphanas 4058 m ( 2004), Araratas 5137 m. ( 2004, 2006), Damavendas 5671 m, ( 2005) Apo 2954 m. ( 2006), Ras Dašenas 4600 m.( 2007), Mayonas 2462 m ( 2007), Stanley / Margarita 5109 m., ( 2009) Mt. Rinjani 3700 m (2009), Pic Boby 2658 m ( 2011), , Fudzijama 3776 m. ( 2010, 2011, 2015), Toubkal 4167 m ( 2012), Iztaccíhuatl 5230 m ( 2012) , Tajamulko 4219 m ( 2012), Halasan 1950 m, ( 2013) Yushan 3952 m, ( 2013), Coma Pedrosa 2946 m, ( 2014), Aneto 3404 m. ( 2014), Mulhacen 3482 m ( 2014), Kamerūnas 4095 m. ( 2014), Karthala 2361 m. ( 2015), Cormo Grande 2912 m ( 2015), Korab 2864 m ( 2015), Deravica 2656 m ( 2015), Dinara 1913 m (2015), Teide 3718 m, ( 2015) Titlis 3236 m ( 2016), Pico 2351 m ( 2016), Carrauntoohil 1038 m ( 2016), Ben Nevis 1344 m ( 2016), Triglav 2864 m. -
The Mountains of Andorra: Walks, Scrambles, Via Ferratas and Treks
The Mountains Of Andorra: Walks, Scrambles, Via Ferratas And Treks (International Series) Epub Downloads This is the first complete English-language guide to exploring the mountains of the accessible but mysterious country of Andorra. Andorra, a tiny nation tucked away between France and Spain, is the country of the Pyrenees. This new guide is written by an experienced guiding and writing team, and details 60 routes throughout the country. The routes include numerous routes with scrambles and straightforward peaks, plus some via ferratas and the week-long Andorra Circuit trek. Andorra is a rapidly developing walking and summer destination, easily accessible from the UK.With 80 mountain lakes and a host of elegant peaks the principality offers a breathtaking range of walks in a compact area. With inexpensive accommodation, an excellent bus service, adequate maps and cheap food, it is an inviting destination. Series: International series Paperback: 192 pages Publisher: Cicerone Press Limited; 1 edition (January 1, 2010) Language: English ISBN-10: 1852844248 ISBN-13: 978-1852844240 Product Dimensions: 4.6 x 0.6 x 7 inches Shipping Weight: 10.6 ounces (View shipping rates and policies) Average Customer Review: Be the first to review this item Best Sellers Rank: #2,528,336 in Books (See Top 100 in Books) #10 in Books > Travel > Europe > Andorra #316 in Books > Sports & Outdoors > Mountaineering > Excursion Guides #2833 in Books > Sports & Outdoors > Mountaineering > Mountain Climbing Alf Robertson is a professional walking guide and qualified member of the British Association of European Mountain Leaders (BAEML) who writes regularly for British walking and climbing magazines. -
Regulamin Odznaki KORONA EUROPY 1. Odznaka „Korona Europy“ Związana Jest Ze Zdobywaniem Szczytów Należących Do Górskiej
str. 1/2 Regulamin odznaki KORONA EUROPY 1. Odznaka „Korona Europy“ związana jest ze zdobywaniem szczytów należących do górskiej korony Europy zgodnie z wykazem zamieszczonym w punkcie 8 Regulaminu i przeznaczona dla wszystkich turystów bez względu na wiek i narodowość. 2. Celem powstania odznaki jest promowanie poznawania gór Europy podczas racjonalnego wysiłku fizycznego, motywowanie do uprawiania turystyki górskiej oraz (z „Książeczką Korony Europy“) inspirowanie do wyjazdów turystycznych. 3. Zdobywanie poszczególnych szczytów odbywa się przy użyciu siły własnych mięśni oraz: - z zachowaniem zasad bezpiecznego poruszania się w górach, - stosowaniem się do miejscowego prawa, - posiadaniem odpowiedniego stanu zdrowia, kondycji, ubioru i sprzętu, dostosowanego do warunków pogodowych i specyficznych trudności dla danego szczytu, - na własny koszt i ryzyko. 4. Odznaka „Korona Europy“ posiada sześć kategorii. 5. Poszczególne kategorie odznaki zdobywa się wg zasad: - popularna - za zdobycie 3 szczytów z listy podstawowych, - brązowa - za zdobycie kolejnych 3 szczytów podstawowych, - srebrna - za zdobycie kolejnych 5 szczytów podstawowych, - mała złota - za zdobycie kolejnych 10 szczytów z listy podstawowych, - duża złota - za zdobycie kolejnych 10 szczytów z listy podstawowych lub dodatkowych, - diamentowa - za zdobycie kolejnych 15 szczytów. 6. Zdobywanie poszczególnych kategorii odznaki „Korona Europy“ nie jest ograniczone czasowo. 7. Uznaje się szczyty zdobyte przed datą powstania „Książeczki Korony Europy“ i odznaki „Korona Europy“. 8. Wykaz szczytów, wzgórz, najwyżej położonych miejsc- łącznie zwanych na potrzeby Regulaminu „szczytami“: a). podstawowe: 1. Monte Vaticano (Wzgórze Watykańskie) 75 m n.p.m. Watykan 2. Chemin des Révoires 161 m n.p.m. Monako 3. Ta’ Dmejrek 253 m n.p.m. Malta 4. Aukštójas (Wysoka Góra) 294 m n.p.m. -
Hvannadalshnúkur 2110 M
LIETUVOS ALPINIZMO ČEMPIONATAS ĮKOPIMO ATASKAITA 10 Europos viršūnių Lietuvos 100 – mečiui Hvannadalshnukur 2110 m–aukščiausias kalnas Islandijoje ir antras pagal aukštį Skandinavijoje po Galdhøpiggen 2465 m. Nuostabus kalnas norint kažkiek suprasti, kas yra „arktinės“salygos ( foto 1) Viršūnėje šalies, kuri pirmoji pasaulyje pripažino atkurtą Lietuvos nepriklausomybę 1991 vasario 11 d. Vidmantas Kmita, Gintaras Černius ir Vytautas Bukauskas 2017 balandžio 21 d. ant Islandijos „stogo“. Iliuzija, kad stovime sniego lauke, bet tai piramidinė viršūnė ir stovime ant stataus skardžio (foto 2 ). Tai rodo staiga lūžtantys šešėliai. Hvannadalshnúkur 2110 m 2017 metai Bendrieji duomenys Įkopimo data: 2017.04.21 ţiemos sezonas Klasė: Techninė Valstybė, kalnų rajonas: Islandija, Öræfajökull vulkano ŠV kraterio žiedo dalis. Viršūnės pavadinimas ir aukštis: Hvannadalshnukur 2110 m – aukščiausias kalnas Islandijoje. Dalyviai: Vytautas Bukauskas Shahshah 2940 m. (1986), Ostryj Tolbaček 3682 m (1988), Ploskij Tolbaček 3085 m (1988), Bezimianij 2885 m (1988), Gamčen 2576 m (1988), Tiatia 1819 m (1989), Žima 1214 m, (1990), Kala Patthar 5644 m. ( 1991), Island Peak 6189 m, (1992) Kilimandžaras 5895 m. ( 2004), Suphanas 4058 m ( 2004), Araratas 5137 m. ( 2004, 2006), Damavendas 5671 m, ( 2005) Apo 2954 m. ( 2006), Ras Dašenas 4600 m.( 2007), Mayonas 2462 m ( 2007), Stanley / Margarita 5109 m., ( 2009) Mt. Rinjani 3700 m (2009), Pic Boby 2658 m ( 2011), , Fudzijama 3776 m. ( 2010, 2011, 2015), Toubkal 4167 m ( 2012), Iztaccíhuatl 5230 m ( 2012) , Tajamulko 4219 m ( 2012), Halasan 1950 m, ( 2013) Yushan 3952 m, ( 2013), Coma Pedrosa 2946 m, ( 2014), Aneto 3404 m. ( 2014), Mulhacen 3482 m ( 2014), Kamerūnas 4095 m. ( 2014), Karthala 2361 m. ( 2015), Cormo Grande 2912 m ( 2015), Korab 2864 m ( 2015), Deravica 2656 m ( 2015), Dinara 1913 m (2015), Teide 3718 m, ( 2015) Titlis 3236 m ( 2016), Pico 2351 m ( 2016), Carrauntoohil 1038 m ( 2016), Ben Nevis 1344 m ( 2016), Triglav 2864 m. -
FIND out MORE Webinar Active School Flag Is a Department of Education Initiative Supported by Healthy Ireland We Value YOUR FEEDBACK
FIND OUT MORE Webinar Active School Flag is a Department of Education initiative supported by Healthy Ireland We Value YOUR FEEDBACK Please complete the Find Out More questionnaire that we will email to you after this webinar www.activeschoolflag.ie Presenters Karen Cotter National Coordinator ASF Caitriona Cosgrave ASF Support Team Jamie Mc Gann DCU Research Team Chat @Karen @Caitriona @Jamie Specific queries should be emailed to [email protected] Watch Video 20180313 ASF BANNER.indd 1 13/03/2018 09:19:07 Active School Flag aims to get more schools, more active, more often An Active School Physical Physical Active Education Activity Partnerships School Week Delivers a broad Promotes inclusive Works in Organises an and balanced PE physical activity partnership with Active School curriculum throughout the others to promote Week every year school day a physically active school culture www.activeschoolflag.ie All ASF activities during 20/21 must comply with COVID-safety guidelines Physical Education “Schools will need to re-orientate their work with the curriculum especially during the initial weeks of the first term as they give greater time and attention to areas such as Social, Personal and Health Education (SPHE), Physical Education (PE), Language and Mathematics. Pupils’ physical education is a central part of their wellbeing: it should form a significant component of timetabled programmes upon returning to school.” Source: Returning to School – Curriculum Guidance for Primary School Leaders and Teachers. www.activeschoolflag.ie www.activeschoolflag.ie The children now view exercise as a fun and enjoyable activity that you can do anytime, anywhere! As teachers, we have identified huge benefits. -
The Unknown Southernmost Glaciers of Europe the Unknown Southernmost Glaciers of Europe
DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.68899 Provisional chapter Chapter 4 The Unknown Southernmost Glaciers of Europe The Unknown Southernmost Glaciers of Europe Emil Gachev Emil Gachev Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.68899 Abstract This chapter presents the perennial firn/ice patches in the mountains of the Balkan Peninsula. The detailed study of these features in the last decades has proved that many of them are, in fact, small glaciers. They have survived without complete melting since the end of the Little Ice Age, and thus the time of their formation must have not later than in 14–15th century AD. At present, the existence of 16 small glaciers is suggested (and proved for some of them) in three mountains throughout the peninsula: Prokletije (mainly in Albania), Durmitor (in Montenegro) and Pirin (in Bulgaria), the biggest num- ber being found in Prokletije. The two small glaciers (glacierets) in Pirin mountain are at present the southernmost glacial masses in Europe (the only located south of 42°N). Despite the registered warming of high mountain climate, small glaciers on the Balkan Peninsula have shown no trends towards shrinkage for the last 23 years. Keywords: small glaciers, snow patches, Pirin, Durmitor, Prokletije 1. Introduction Few mountains in Europe host classical glaciers at present: The Alps, the Great Caucasus range, the Scandinavian mountains, Polar Ural and the Pyrenees [1]. Apart from them, there are numerous small bodies of firn and ice in other mountain ranges across Europe which are still of a permanent character, with their mass moving down by gravity.