Alpine Tundra of the Krkonoše and Carpathian Mountains
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Moüjmtaiim Operations
L f\f¿ áfó b^i,. ‘<& t¿ ytn) ¿L0d àw 1 /1 ^ / / /This publication contains copyright material. *FM 90-6 FieW Manual HEADQUARTERS No We DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Washington, DC, 30 June 1980 MOÜJMTAIIM OPERATIONS PREFACE he purpose of this rUanual is to describe how US Army forces fight in mountain regions. Conditions will be encountered in mountains that have a significant effect on. military operations. Mountain operations require, among other things^ special equipment, special training and acclimatization, and a high decree of self-discipline if operations are to succeed. Mountains of military significance are generally characterized by rugged compartmented terrain witn\steep slopes and few natural or manmade lines of communication. Weather in these mountains is seasonal and reaches across the entireSspectrum from extreme cold, with ice and snow in most regions during me winter, to extreme heat in some regions during the summer. AlthoughNthese extremes of weather are important planning considerations, the variability of weather over a short period of time—and from locality to locahty within the confines of a small area—also significantly influences tactical operations. Historically, the focal point of mountain operations has been the battle to control the heights. Changes in weaponry and equipment have not altered this fact. In all but the most extreme conditions of terrain and weather, infantry, with its light equipment and mobility, remains the basic maneuver force in the mountains. With proper equipment and training, it is ideally suited for fighting the close-in battfe commonly associated with mountain warfare. Mechanized infantry can\also enter the mountain battle, but it must be prepared to dismount and conduct operations on foot. -
Reduced Net Methane Emissions Due to Microbial Methane Oxidation in a Warmer Arctic
LETTERS https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0734-z Reduced net methane emissions due to microbial methane oxidation in a warmer Arctic Youmi Oh 1, Qianlai Zhuang 1,2,3 ✉ , Licheng Liu1, Lisa R. Welp 1,2, Maggie C. Y. Lau4,9, Tullis C. Onstott4, David Medvigy 5, Lori Bruhwiler6, Edward J. Dlugokencky6, Gustaf Hugelius 7, Ludovica D’Imperio8 and Bo Elberling 8 Methane emissions from organic-rich soils in the Arctic have bacteria (methanotrophs) and the remainder is mostly emitted into been extensively studied due to their potential to increase the atmosphere (Fig. 1a). The methanotrophs in these wet organic the atmospheric methane burden as permafrost thaws1–3. soils may be low-affinity methanotrophs (LAMs) that require However, this methane source might have been overestimated >600 ppm of methane (by moles) for their growth and mainte- without considering high-affinity methanotrophs (HAMs; nance23. But in dry mineral soils, the dominant methanotrophs are methane-oxidizing bacteria) recently identified in Arctic min- high-affinity methanotrophs (HAMs), which can survive and grow 4–7 eral soils . Herein we find that integrating the dynamics of at a level of atmospheric methane abundance ([CH4]atm) of about HAMs and methanogens into a biogeochemistry model8–10 1.8 ppm (Fig. 1b)24. that includes permafrost soil organic carbon dynamics3 leads Quantification of the previously underestimated HAM-driven −1 to the upland methane sink doubling (~5.5 Tg CH4 yr ) north of methane sink is needed to improve our understanding of Arctic 50 °N in simulations from 2000–2016. The increase is equiva- methane budgets. -
The Untapped Potential of Scenic Routes for Geotourism: Case Studies of Lasocki Grzbiet and Pasmo Lesistej (Western and Central Sudeten Mountains, SW Poland)
J. Mt. Sci. (2021) 18(4): 1062-1092 e-mail: [email protected] http://jms.imde.ac.cn https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-020-6630-1 Original Article The untapped potential of scenic routes for geotourism: case studies of Lasocki Grzbiet and Pasmo Lesistej (Western and Central Sudeten Mountains, SW Poland) Dagmara CHYLIŃSKA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2517-2856; e-mail: [email protected] Krzysztof KOŁODZIEJCZYK* https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3262-311X; e-mail: [email protected] * Corresponding author Department of Regional Geography and Tourism, Institute of Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Wroclaw, No.1, Uniwersytecki Square, 50–137 Wroclaw, Poland Citation: Chylińska D, Kołodziejczyk K (2021) The untapped potential of scenic routes for geotourism: case studies of Lasocki Grzbiet and Pasmo Lesistej (Western and Central Sudeten Mountains, SW Poland). Journal of Mountain Science 18(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-020-6630-1 © The Author(s) 2021. Abstract: A view is often more than just a piece of of GIS visibility analyses (conducted in the QGIS landscape, framed by the gaze and evoking emotion. program). Without diminishing these obvious ‘tourism- important’ advantages of a view, it is noteworthy that Keywords: Scenic tourist trails; Scenic drives; View- in itself it might play the role of an interpretative tool, towers; Viewpoints; Geotourism; Sudeten Mountains especially for large-scale phenomena, the knowledge and understanding of which is the goal of geotourism. In this paper, we analyze the importance of scenic 1 Introduction drives and trails for tourism, particularly geotourism, focusing on their ability to create conditions for Landscape, although variously defined (Daniels experiencing the dynamically changing landscapes in 1993; Frydryczak 2013; Hose 2010; Robertson and which lies knowledge of the natural processes shaping the Earth’s surface and the methods and degree of its Richards 2003), is a ‘whole’ and a value in itself resource exploitation. -
Mapping Vegetation Communities of the Karkonosze National Park Using APEX Hyperspectral Data and Support Vector Machines
MISCELLANEA GEOGRAPHICA – REGIONAL STUDIES ON DEVELOPMENT Vol. 18 • No. 2 • 2014 • pp. 23-29 • ISSN: 2084-6118 • DOI: 10.2478/mgrsd-2014-0007 Mapping vegetation communities of the Karkonosze National Park using APEX hyperspectral data and Support Vector Machines Abstract This research aims to discover the potential of hyperspectral remote Adriana Marcinkowska1 sensing data for mapping mountain vegetation ecosystems. First, the Bogdan Zagajewski2 3 importance of mountain ecosystems to the global system should be Adrian Ochtyra 4 stressed due to mountainous ecosystems forming a very sensitive Anna Jarocińska Edwin Raczko5 indicator of global climate change. Furthermore, a variety of biotic and Lucie Kupková6 abiotic factors influence the spatial distribution of vegetation in the Premysl Stych7 mountains, producing a diverse mosaic leading to high biodiversity. Koen Meuleman8 The research area covers the Szrenica Mount region on the border between Poland and the Czech Republic – the most important part of 1Department of Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing the Western Karkonosze and one of the main areas in the Karkonosze Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, National Park (M&B Reserve of the UNESCO). University of Warsaw The APEX hyperspectral data that was classified in this study was e-mail: [email protected] acquired on 10th September 2012 by the German Aerospace Center 2 (DLR) in the framework of the EUFAR HyMountEcos project. This Department of Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, airborne scanner is a 288-channel imaging spectrometer operating in the University of Warsaw wavelength range 0.4-2.5 µm. e-mail: [email protected] For reference patterns of forest and non-forest vegetation, maps (provided by the Polish Karkonosze National Park) were chosen. -
Mites (Acari, Mesostigmata) from Rock Cracks and Crevices in Rock Labirynths in the Stołowe Mountains National Park (SW Poland)
BIOLOGICAL LETT. 2014, 51(1): 55–62 Available online at: http:/www.degruyter.com/view/j/biolet DOI: 10.1515/biolet-2015-0006 Mites (Acari, Mesostigmata) from rock cracks and crevices in rock labirynths in the Stołowe Mountains National Park (SW Poland) JACEK KAMCZYC and MACIEJ SKORUPSKI Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznań Corresponding author: Jacek Kamczyc, [email protected] (Received on 7 January 2013; Accepted on 7 April 2014) Abstract: The aim of this study was to recognize the species composition of soil mites of the order Mesostigmata in the soil/litter collected from rock cracks and crevices in Szczeliniec Wielki and Błędne Skały rock labirynths in the area of the Stołowe Mountains National Park (part of the Sudetes in SW Po- land). Overall, 27 species were identified from 41 samples collected between September 2001 and August 2002. The most numerous species in this study were Veigaia nemorensis, Leptogamasus cristulifer, and Gamasellus montanus. Our study has also confirmed the occurrence or rare mite species, such asVeigaia mollis and Paragamasus insertus. Additionally, 5 mite species were recorded as new to the fauna of this Park: Vulgarogamasus remberti, Macrocheles tardus, Pachylaelaps vexillifer, Iphidosoma physogastris, and Dendrolaelaps (Punctodendrolaelaps) eichhorni. Keywords: mesofauna, mites, Mesostigmata, soil, rock cracks, crevices INTRODUCTION The Stołowe Mountains National Park (also known as the Góry Stołowe NP) was established in 1993, in the area of the only table hills in Poland, mainly due to the occurrence of the very specific sandstone landscapes, including rocks labyrinths. The rock labyrinths are generally composed of sandstones blocks, separated by cracks and crevices (Szopka 2002). -
Název Prezentace
4. Tourist attractions in Central European. Countries Předmět: The Tourist Attractions in the Czech Republic and in the World Geography of Switzerland The beautiful, mountainous country of Switzerland is landlocked in south-central Europe, and remains one of the most popular travel destinations on the planet. Mountains cover 60% of Switzerland's land area, with ranges of the Alps in the south and the Jura Mountains to the north. Switzerland's highest point is Dufourspitze (Monte Rosa), in the Pennine Alps, which rises to (4,634 m). Also located within the Pennine Alps is the infamous Matterhorn whose summit is (4,478 m) high. Moving north, the Rhine River makes up much of Switzerland's border with Germany, as well as part of Lake Constance. Switzerland's two largest lakes are Lake Geneva (shared with France) and Lake Neuchatel - which is the largest lake entirely within the country's borders. The main tourist attractions in Switzerland The Matterhorn, Switzerland's iconic pointed peak is one of the highest mountains in the Alps. On the border with Italy, this legendary peak rises to 4,478 meters, and its four steep faces lie in the direction of the compass points. The first summiting in 1865 ended tragically when four climbers fell to their death during the descent. Today, thousands of experienced climbers come here each summer. One of the most popular experiences in the beautiful Bernese Oberland is the train journey to Jungfraujoch, the "Top of Europe," with an observation terrace and scientific observatory perched at 3,454 meters. The longest glacier in Europe, the Great Aletsch Glacier begins at Jungfraujoch, and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. -
Insight September 2019
Monthly Newsletter September 2019 September INSIDE THIS ISSUE The Art of Global Warming IFRS Survey Results 2 UPCOMING EVENTS Environment 3-4 IFRS17 Program Update Forum Technology 5 Sunsystems Q&A Webinar Millennium News 6-8 Economy 9-10 1 IFRS17 PROGRAM UPDATE SURVEY During July and August 2019, an online survey was conducted by Millennium Consulting which asked international insurance companies questions about their IFRS 17 compliance programs. Participants. Participants included Finance Directors, Chief Actuaries, IT Directors and Senior Risk Managers. Participating regions. A large response was received from insurers in the following countries: UK, Netherlands, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland, Morocco, Mexico, Hong Kong, China, Thailand, Taiwan and Australia. Significant outcomes • As expected, IFRS 17 compliance was identified as being primarily the responsibility of the Finance department although 47% of the responses suggested that it was a joint Finance, Actuarial, IT, Risk and Underwriting responsibility. • Compliance is managed centrally by almost 70% of the participants with only 28% having autonomy to implement their own local solutions. • 9% of respondents indicated that pure IFRS 17 compliance was their primary goal whilst 36% stated it was a catalyst for a broader Finance Transformation program. • 31% of the respondents reported that their IFRS 17 implementations were underway whereas 39% were still working on the detailed design. • Confidence in achieving IFRS 17 compliance within the current time scales is high with only 9% suggesting it would not be possible. • SAS was identified as the most popular technology for CSM calculation with 17% of the respondents having selected it. • The primary area of concern relates to data with 20% identifying data integration as of greatest concern. -
Alpine Tundra
National Park Rocky Mountain Colorado National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Alpine Tundra WHAT IS ALPINE TUNDRA? Where mountaintops rise Arctic tundra occurs around like islands above a sea of the north pole. Alpine tundra trees lies the world of the crowns mountains that alpine tundra. John Muir reach above treeline. called it "a land of deso ...a world by itself lation covered with beautiful Rocky Mountain National in the sky. light." Yet this light shines Park is recognized world on a tapestry of living detail. wide as a Biosphere Reserve —Enos Mills Tundra lands too cold for because of the beauty and trees support over 200 kinds research value of its alpine of plants, as well as animals wild lands. Alpine tundra is from bighorn to butterflies. a sensitive indicator of such climatic changes as global Tundra is a Russian word for warming and acid rain. Over "land of no trees." 1/3 of the park is tundra. HOW FRAGILE IS IT? For 25 years after Trail That is why busy stops Ridge Road opened in 1932, along Trail Ridge Road are people had free run on the marked as Tundra Protection tundra. Repeated trampling Areas where no walking off damaged popular places. the trail is allowed. Some of these areas, fenced Elsewhere, walking on the off in 1959 for study, show tundra is permitted. But almost no sign of recovery walk with care! Step lightly, today. High winds and long without scuffing the winters make new growth surface. Step on rocks slow. Trampled places may when you can. -
120 Godina »Hrvatskog Planinara« 1898
120 godina »Hrvatskog planinara« 1898. – 2018. ISSN 0354-0650 ČASOPIS HRVATSKOGA RUJAN GODIŠTE PLANINARSKOG SAVEZA 110 izlazi od 1898. godine 9 2018 IMPRESUM ČASOPIS HRVATSKOGA PLANINARSKOG SAVEZA »Hrvatski planinar« časopis je Hrvatskoga planinarskog saveza. Prvi je broj izašao 1. lip nja 1898. Od 1910. do 1913. tiskao se kao podlistak naziva »Planinarski list« u časopisu »Vijenac«. Od 1915. do 1921. i od 1945. do 1948. časopis nije izlazio, a Pretplata od 1949. do 1991. godine izlazio je pod imenom »Naše planine«. Časopis izlazi u jedanaest brojeva godišnje (za srpanj i kolovoz kao dvobroj). Godišnja pretplata za Hrvatsku iznosi 150 kuna. Pretplata se uplaćuje na žiro-račun Nakladnik Glavni i odgovorni urednik Hrvatskoga planinarskog saveza Hrvatski Alan Čaplar HR4123600001101495742, pri planinarski savez Palmotićeva 27, 10000 Zagreb čemu na uplatnici ili u obrascu za Kozarčeva 22 e-mail: [email protected] plaćanje putem interneta, u rubrici 10000 Zagreb tel.: 091/51-41-740 »Poziv na broj«, treba biti upisan OIB 77156514497 Vaš pretplatnički broj. Urednički odbor Pretplata i informacije Darko Berljak Godišnja pretplata za Ured Hrvatskoga Vlado Božić inozemstvo iznosi 35 eura, a planinarskog saveza Goran Gabrić uplaćuje se na račun BIC tel. 01/48-23-624 Ivan Hapač ZABA-HR2X 25731-3253236, tel./fax 01/48-24-142 prof. dr. Darko Grundler uz poziv na pretplatničk i broj. e-mail: [email protected] Faruk Islamović http://www.hps.hr Krunoslav Milas Cijena pojedinačnog primjerka Radovan Milčić je 15 kuna (+ poštarina). Uredništvo prof. dr. Željko Poljak E-mail adresa Robert Smolec Vaš pretplatnički broj otisnut je za zaprimanje članaka: Damir Šantek uz Vašu adresu, koja je nalijepljena [email protected] Klara Jasna Žagar na omotnici za slanje časopisa. -
Regulamin Odznaki KORONA EUROPY 1. Odznaka „Korona Europy“ Związana Jest Ze Zdobywaniem Szczytów Należących Do Górskiej
str. 1/2 Regulamin odznaki KORONA EUROPY 1. Odznaka „Korona Europy“ związana jest ze zdobywaniem szczytów należących do górskiej korony Europy zgodnie z wykazem zamieszczonym w punkcie 8 Regulaminu i przeznaczona dla wszystkich turystów bez względu na wiek i narodowość. 2. Celem powstania odznaki jest promowanie poznawania gór Europy podczas racjonalnego wysiłku fizycznego, motywowanie do uprawiania turystyki górskiej oraz (z „Książeczką Korony Europy“) inspirowanie do wyjazdów turystycznych. 3. Zdobywanie poszczególnych szczytów odbywa się przy użyciu siły własnych mięśni oraz: - z zachowaniem zasad bezpiecznego poruszania się w górach, - stosowaniem się do miejscowego prawa, - posiadaniem odpowiedniego stanu zdrowia, kondycji, ubioru i sprzętu, dostosowanego do warunków pogodowych i specyficznych trudności dla danego szczytu, - na własny koszt i ryzyko. 4. Odznaka „Korona Europy“ posiada sześć kategorii. 5. Poszczególne kategorie odznaki zdobywa się wg zasad: - popularna - za zdobycie 3 szczytów z listy podstawowych, - brązowa - za zdobycie kolejnych 3 szczytów podstawowych, - srebrna - za zdobycie kolejnych 5 szczytów podstawowych, - mała złota - za zdobycie kolejnych 10 szczytów z listy podstawowych, - duża złota - za zdobycie kolejnych 10 szczytów z listy podstawowych lub dodatkowych, - diamentowa - za zdobycie kolejnych 15 szczytów. 6. Zdobywanie poszczególnych kategorii odznaki „Korona Europy“ nie jest ograniczone czasowo. 7. Uznaje się szczyty zdobyte przed datą powstania „Książeczki Korony Europy“ i odznaki „Korona Europy“. 8. Wykaz szczytów, wzgórz, najwyżej położonych miejsc- łącznie zwanych na potrzeby Regulaminu „szczytami“: a). podstawowe: 1. Monte Vaticano (Wzgórze Watykańskie) 75 m n.p.m. Watykan 2. Chemin des Révoires 161 m n.p.m. Monako 3. Ta’ Dmejrek 253 m n.p.m. Malta 4. Aukštójas (Wysoka Góra) 294 m n.p.m. -
(MSTT) for Tourists Monitoring in Mid-Mountain National Park, SW Poland
J. Mt. Sci. (2020) 17(8): 2035-2047 e-mail: [email protected] http://jms.imde.ac.cn https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-019-5965-y Monitoring System of tourist traffic (MSTT) for tourists monitoring in mid-mountain national park, SW Poland Mateusz ROGOWSKI https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0875-8820; e-mail: [email protected] Department of Tourism and Recreation, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Bogumiła Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland Citation: Rogowski M (2020) Monitoring System of tourist traffic (MSTT) for tourists monitoring in mid-mountain national park, SW Poland. Journal of Mountain Science 17(8). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-019-5965-y © The Author(s) 2020. Abstract: National parks are highly valuable natural MSTT can be further developed, including monitoring areas and have the potential to attract a large number of climbing, cycling, cross-country skiing, car traffic of visitors. The number of visitors at national parks is and illegal tourism assessment. The MSTT can be systematically increasing, often exceeding Tourism considered as a useful tool for tourism management Carrying Capacity (TCC) of trails. This situation in mid-mountain national parks throughout the entire requires adjusting the number of park visitors to calendar year. adapt to sustainable management systems of visitor flow, thus preventing or counteracting overtourism. Keywords: Tourist traffic; Visitor flow; Pyroelectric The aim of the study is to propose a comprehensive sensors; Eco-Counter; Hiking; Stołowe Mts. National method for tourists monitoring in mid-mountain Park national park presented on the example of the Stołowe Mountains National Park (SMNP) in Poland, called as Monitoring System of tourist traffic (MSTT). -
English, French, Spanish)
NATIONAL REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RAMSAR CONVENTION ON WETLANDS National Reports to be submitted to the 12th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties, Uruguay, 2015 Please submit the completed National Report in Microsoft Word format (.doc, 97-2003), as an electronic file (not a printed copy) and preferably by e-mail, to Alexia Dufour, Regional Affairs Officer, Ramsar Secretariat ([email protected]) by 1 September 2014. National Report Format for Ramsar COP12, page 2 The structure of the COP12 National Report Format The COP12 National Report Format (NRF) is in four sections: Section 1 provides the institutional information about the Administrative Authority and National Focal Points for the national implementation of the Convention. Section 2 is a ‘free-text’ section in which the Party is invited to provide a summary of various aspects of national implementation progress and recommendations for the future. Section 3 provides the 66 implementation indicator questions, grouped under each Convention implementation strategy in the Strategic Plan 2009-2015, and with an optional ‘free-text’ section under each indicator question in which the Contracting Party may, if it wishes, add further information on national implementation of that activity. Section 4 is an optional annex to allow any Contracting Party that so wishes to provide additional information regarding any or all of its Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Sites). General guidance for completing and submitting the COP12 National Report Format IMPORTANT – PLEASE READ THIS GUIDANCE SECTION BEFORE STARTING TO COMPLETE THE NATIONAL REPORT FORMAT 1. All Sections of the COP12 NRF should be completed in one of the Convention’s official languages (English, French, Spanish).