Symax® Permanent Magnet AC Motors
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Evaluation of Direct Torque Control with a Constant-Frequency Torque Regulator Under Various Discrete Interleaving Carriers
electronics Article Evaluation of Direct Torque Control with a Constant-Frequency Torque Regulator under Various Discrete Interleaving Carriers Ibrahim Mohd Alsofyani and Kyo-Beum Lee * Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu Suwon 16499, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-31-219-2376 Received: 25 June 2019; Accepted: 20 July 2019; Published: 23 July 2019 Abstract: Constant-frequency torque regulator–based direct torque control (CFTR-DTC) provides an attractive and powerful control strategy for induction and permanent-magnet motors. However, this scheme has two major issues: A sector-flux droop at low speed and poor torque dynamic performance. To improve the performance of this control method, interleaving triangular carriers are used to replace the single carrier in the CFTR controller to increase the duty voltage cycles and reduce the flux droop. However, this method causes an increase in the motor torque ripple. Hence, in this work, different discrete steps when generating the interleaving carriers in CFTR-DTC of an induction machine are compared. The comparison involves the investigation of the torque dynamic performance and torque and stator flux ripples. The effectiveness of the proposed CFTR-DTC with various discrete interleaving-carriers is validated through simulation and experimental results. Keywords: constant-frequency torque regulator; direct torque control; flux regulation; induction motor; interleaving carriers; low-speed operation 1. Introduction There are two well-established control strategies for high-performance motor drives: Field orientation control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC) [1–3]. The FOC method has received wide acceptance in industry [4]. Nevertheless, it is complex because of the requirement for two proportional-integral (PI) regulators, space-vector modulation (SVM), and frame transformation, which also needs the installation of a high-resolution speed encoder. -
Understanding Permanent Magnet Motor Operation and Optimized Filter Solutions
Understanding Permanent Magnet Motor Operation and Optimized Filter Solutions June 15, 2016 Todd Shudarek, Principal Engineer MTE Corporation N83 W13330 Leon Road Menomonee Falls WI 53154 www.mtecorp.com Abstract Recent trends indicate the use of permanent magnet (PM) motors because of its energy savings over induction motors. PM motors offer energy savings, higher power densities, and improved control. The upfront cost of a PM motor may be higher than an induction motor, but the total cost of ownership may be lower. However, a PM motor system brings design challenges in terms of selecting the best variable frequency drive (VFD) as well as a filter to protect the motor. A PM motor requires the use of a VFD to start and operate. The best VFDs will need to operate at higher switching frequencies to meet the higher fundamental frequencies of the PM motors. In turn, the PM motor will need to be protected from power distortion, harmonics, and overheating. While a traditional filter is de-rated to meet the higher frequencies, this paper will demonstrate that, by nature of the operation of a PM motor, an appropriately design filter that operates for higher switching and fundamental frequencies will reduce the size, weight, and cost of the system. Introduction special considerations when specifying a filter for a PM motor system, specifically the use of Historically induction motors have been used in higher switching frequencies and filters. a variety of industrial applications. Recent trends indicate a shift toward permanent magnet (PM) motors which offer up to 20% energy savings, Induction Motor Operation higher power densities, and improved control. -
Axial Field Permanent Magnet Machines with High Overload Capability for Transient Actuation Applications
THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD Axial field permanent magnet machines with high overload capability for transient actuation applications By Jiangnan Gong A Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering The University of Sheffield. JANUARY 2018 ABSTRACT This thesis describes the design, construction and testing of an axial field permanent magnet machine for an aero-engine variable guide vane actuation system. The electrical machine is used in combination with a leadscrew unit that results in a minimum torque specification of 50Nm up to a maximum speed of 500rpm. The combination of the geometry of the space envelope available and the modest maximum speed lends itself to the consideration of an axial field permanent magnet machines. The relative merits of three topologies of double-sided permanent magnet axial field machines are discussed, viz. a slotless toroidal wound machine, a slotted toroidal machine and a yokeless axial field machine with separate tooth modules. Representative designs are established and analysed with three-dimensional finite element method, each of these 3 topologies are established on the basis of a transient winding current density of 30A/mm2. Having established three designs and compared their performance at the rated 50Nm point, further overload capability is compared in which the merits of the slotless machine is illustrated. Specifically, this type of axial field machine retains a linear torque versus current characteristic up to higher torques than the other two topologies, which are increasingly affected by magnetic saturation. Having selected a slotless machine as the preferred design, further design optimization was performed, including detailed assessment of transient performance. -
Abstract Controlling Ac Motor Using Arduino
ABSTRACT CONTROLLING AC MOTOR USING ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER Nithesh Reddy Nannuri, M.S. Department of Electrical Engineering Northern Illinois University, 2014 Donald S Zinger, Director Space vector modulation (SVM) is a technique used for generating alternating current waveforms to control pulse width modulation signals (PWM). It provides better results of PWM signals compared to other techniques. CORDIC algorithm calculates hyperbolic and trigonometric functions of sine, cosine, magnitude and phase using bit shift, addition and multiplication operations. This thesis implements SVM with Arduino microcontroller using CORDIC algorithm. This algorithm is used to calculate the PWM timing signals which are used to control the motor. Comparison of the time taken to calculate sinusoidal signal using Arduino and CORDIC algorithm was also done. NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY DEKALB, ILLINOIS DECEMBER 2014 CONTROLLING AC MOTOR USING ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER BY NITHESH REDDY NANNURI ©2014 Nithesh Reddy Nannuri A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Thesis Director: Dr. Donald S Zinger ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Donald S. Zinger for his continuous support and guidance in this thesis work as well as throughout my graduate study. I would like to thank Dr. Martin Kocanda and Dr. Peng-Yung Woo for serving as members of my thesis committee. I would like to thank my family for their unconditional love, continuous support, enduring patience and inspiring words. Finally, I would like to thank my friends and everyone who has directly or indirectly helped me for their cooperation in completing the thesis. -
Electric Motors
SPECIFICATION GUIDE ELECTRIC MOTORS Motors | Automation | Energy | Transmission & Distribution | Coatings www.weg.net Specification of Electric Motors WEG, which began in 1961 as a small factory of electric motors, has become a leading global supplier of electronic products for different segments. The search for excellence has resulted in the diversification of the business, adding to the electric motors products which provide from power generation to more efficient means of use. This diversification has been a solid foundation for the growth of the company which, for offering more complete solutions, currently serves its customers in a dedicated manner. Even after more than 50 years of history and continued growth, electric motors remain one of WEG’s main products. Aligned with the market, WEG develops its portfolio of products always thinking about the special features of each application. In order to provide the basis for the success of WEG Motors, this simple and objective guide was created to help those who buy, sell and work with such equipment. It brings important information for the operation of various types of motors. Enjoy your reading. Specification of Electric Motors 3 www.weg.net Table of Contents 1. Fundamental Concepts ......................................6 4. Acceleration Characteristics ..........................25 1.1 Electric Motors ...................................................6 4.1 Torque ..............................................................25 1.2 Basic Concepts ..................................................7 -
Equating a Car Alternator with the Generated Voltage Equation by Ervin Carrillo
Equating a Car Alternator with the Generated Voltage Equation By Ervin Carrillo Senior Project ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo 2012 © 2012 Carrillo TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................... i Abstract ........................................................................................................................... ii I. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1 II. Background ......................................................................................................... 2 III. Requirements ...................................................................................................... 8 IV. Obtaining the new Generated Voltage equation and Rewinding .................................................................................................................................... 9 V. Conclusion and recommendations .................................................................. 31 VI. Bibliography ........................................................................................................ 32 Appendices A. Parts list and cost ...................................................................................................................... 33 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLE Section Page Figure 2-1: Removed drive pulley from rotor shaft [3]……………………………………………. 4. -
Design of 42V/3000W PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR ______
Electronics Mechanics Computers The Ohio State University Mechatronic Systems Program Design of 42V/3000W PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR _________________________________ By Guruprasad Mahalingam , M.S. Student Prof. Ali Keyhani Mechatronics System Laboratory DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY [email protected] Phone: 614-292-4430 December, 2000 120 Acknowledgments I wish to thank my adviser, Professor Ali Keyhani, for his insight, support and guidance which made this work possible. This work was supported in part by the Delphi Automotive Systems, The National Science Foundation: Grant ESC 9722844, 9625662, Department of Electrical Engg., The Ohio State University. I also wish to thank Ford Motor Company, TRW, AEP which support the work at Mechatronics Systems Lab. I wish to acknowledge Mongkol Konghirun, Coy Brian Studer whose earlier work in the field was a ready reference to my work. My sincere thanks to Dr. Tomy Sebastian, Delphi Saginaw Steering Systems for his support, advice, and interest in my research; Mr. Philippe Wendling from Magsoft Corporation for his technical assistance. 121 CHAPTER 1 Machine Design - Introduction And Basics 1.1 Background Transforming the classical mechanical and hydraulic systems into electric systems to provide better performance and customer satisfaction is the current trend in the automotive industry Eg. electric power steering systems, electric brakes etc.. The penalty is the increase in demand for electrical power. It is estimated that the steady state power requirement in the typical luxury class vehicle would rise from the current level of 1500 W to about 3000 W and to about 7000 W for a hybrid electric vehicle by the year 2005 [16,17,2]. -
Advancing Motivation Feedforward Control of Permanent Magnetic Linear Oscillating Synchronous Motor for High Tracking Precision
actuators Article Advancing Motivation Feedforward Control of Permanent Magnetic Linear Oscillating Synchronous Motor for High Tracking Precision Zongxia Jiao 1,2,3, Yuan Cao 1, Liang Yan 1,2,3,*, Xinglu Li 1,3, Lu Zhang 1,2,3 and Yang Li 1,3 1 School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; [email protected] (Z.J.); [email protected] (Y.C.); [email protected] (X.L.); [email protected] (L.Z.); [email protected] (Y.L.) 2 Ningbo Institute of Technology, Beihang University, Ningbo 315800, China 3 Science and Technology on Aircraft Control Laboratory, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Linear motors have promising application to industrial manufacture because of their direct motion and thrust output. A permanent magnetic linear oscillating synchronous motor (PMLOSM) provides reciprocating motion which can drive a piston pump directly having advantages of high frequency, high reliability, and easy commercial manufacture. Hence, researching the tracking perfor- mance of PMLOSM is of great importance to realizing its popularization and application. Traditional PI control cannot fulfill the requirement of high tracking precision, and PMLOSM performance has high phase lag because of high control stiffness. In this paper, an advancing motivation feedforward control (AMFC), which is a combination of advancing motivation signal and PI control signal, is proposed to obtain high tracking precision of PMLOSM. The PMLOSM inserted with AMFC can provide accurate trajectory tracking at a high frequency. Compared with single PI control, AMFC can reduce the phase lag from −18 to −2.7 degrees, which shows great promotion of the tracking Citation: Jiao, Z.; Cao, Y.; Yan, L.; Li, precision of PMLOSM. -
Course Description Bachelor of Technology (Electrical Engineering)
COURSE DESCRIPTION BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING) COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING MAHARANA PRATAP UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY UDAIPUR (RAJASTHAN) SECOND YEAR (SEMESTER-I) BS 211 (All Branches) MATHEMATICS – III Cr. Hrs. 3 (3 + 0) L T P Credit 3 0 0 Hours 3 0 0 COURSE OUTCOME - CO1: Understand the need of numerical method for solving mathematical equations of various engineering problems., CO2: Provide interpolation techniques which are useful in analyzing the data that is in the form of unknown functionCO3: Discuss numerical integration and differentiation and solving problems which cannot be solved by conventional methods.CO4: Discuss the need of Laplace transform to convert systems from time to frequency domains and to understand application and working of Laplace transformations. UNIT-I Interpolation: Finite differences, various difference operators and theirrelationships, factorial notation. Interpolation with equal intervals;Newton’s forward and backward interpolation formulae, Lagrange’sinterpolation formula for unequal intervals. UNIT-II Gauss forward and backward interpolation formulae, Stirling’s andBessel’s central difference interpolation formulae. Numerical Differentiation: Numerical differentiation based on Newton’sforward and backward, Gauss forward and backward interpolation formulae. UNIT-III Numerical Integration: Numerical integration by Trapezoidal, Simpson’s rule. Numerical Solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations: Picard’s method,Taylor’s series method, Euler’s method, modified -
Design and Analysis of Rotor Shapes for IPM Motors in EV Power Traction Platforms
energies Article Design and Analysis of Rotor Shapes for IPM Motors in EV Power Traction Platforms Myeong-Hwan Hwang 1,2, Jong-Ho Han 1, Dong-Hyun Kim 1 and Hyun-Rok Cha 1,* 1 EV Components & Materials R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 6 Cheomdan-gwagiro 208 beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61012, Korea; [email protected] (M.-H.H.); [email protected] (J.-H.H.); [email protected] (D.-H.K.) 2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Youngbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-62-600-6212 Received: 7 September 2018; Accepted: 27 September 2018; Published: 29 September 2018 Abstract: The recent increase in the use of permanent magnet rotor motors underlines the importance of designing a rotor with an interior permanent magnet (IPM) structure, high power, and high efficiency. This study analyzed the rotor shapes of IPM motors for electric vehicles. Five types of motor rotors for automobiles were analyzed, including two hybrid vehicles. In order to minimize the number of variables in the analysis, the size of the motor stators was fixed and only the rotor shapes were modified to compare torque, torque ripple, efficiency and back-electromotive voltage. When the motor properties were compared as a function of rotor shape, the rotor shape with the smallest magnet volume exhibited excellent results for torque, efficiency and torque ripple. Keywords: traction motor; electric vehicle; interior permanent magnet; vehicle motor; electromagnetic field analysis; cogging torque 1. Introduction Various regulations in the car industry are being introduced to respond to environmental changes caused by global warming [1]; for example, electrically powered powertrains have been developed to reduce exhausted gas and improve the power efficiency of vehicles. -
A Comparative Study of Two Permanent Magnet Motors Structures with Interior and Exterior Rotor
Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles, Volume 8, Number 1, June 2010 A Comparative Study of Two Permanent Magnet Motors Structures with Interior and Exterior Rotor Mohamed Chaieb 1, Naourez Ben Hadj 2, Jalila Kaouthar Kammoun 3, and Rafik Neji 4 1 Electrical Engineering Department, University of Sfax, [email protected] 2 Electrical Engineering Department, University of Sfax, [email protected] 3 Electrical Engineering Department, University of Sfax, [email protected] 4 Electrical Engineering Department, University of Sfax, [email protected] Abstract Currently, the permanent magnet motors PMM represent an attractive solution in the electric traction field, thanks to their higher performances than other electric motors. In this context, this work represents an analytical study and validation by the finite element method of two configurations, the radial flux permanent magnet syn- chronous motors with exterior rotor PMSMER and with interior rotor PMSMIR. This paper is divided into two sections: In the first section, we represent the analytical study based on electromagnetic law of the two structures PMSMER and PMSMIR. In the second section, we represent a comparative study of the two structure perform- ances. Keywords 2. MODELLING OF THE TWO PMM STRUC- permanent magnet motors design, radial flux, finite TURES element method, modelling, performance 2.1 Structural data The motors structure allowing the determination of 1. INTRODUCTION the studied geometry is based on three relationships. Considering the large variety of electric motors, such The ratio β is the relationship between the magnet an- as asynchronous motors, synchronous motors with gular width La and the pole-pitch Lp. -
Premium Efficiency Motor Selection and Application Guide
ADVANCED MANUFACTURING OFFICE PREMIUM EFFICIENCY MOTOR SELECTION AND APPLICATION GUIDE A HANDBOOK FOR INDUSTRY DISCLAIMER This publication was prepared by the Washington State University Energy Program for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Neither the United States, the U.S. Department of Energy, the Copper Development Association, the Washington State University Energy Program, the National Electrical Manufacturers Association, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or employees makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process described in this guidebook. In addition, no endorsement is implied by the use of examples, figures, or courtesy photos. PREMIUM EFFICIENCY MOTOR SELECTION AND APPLICATION GUIDE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Premium Efficiency Motor Selection and Application Guide and its companion publication, Continuous Energy Improvement in Motor-Driven Systems, have been developed by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) with support from the Copper Development Association (CDA). The authors extend thanks to the EERE Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO) and to Rolf Butters, Scott Hutchins, and Paul Scheihing for their support and guidance. Thanks are also due to Prakash Rao of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Rolf Butters (AMO and Vestal Tutterow of PPC for reviewing and providing publication comments. The primary authors of this publication are Gilbert A. McCoy and John G. Douglass of the Washington State University (WSU) Energy Program. Helpful reviews and comments were provided by Rob Penney of WSU; Vestal Tutterow of Project Performance Corporation, and Richard deFay, Project Manager, Sustainable Energy with CDA.